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Mandell JD, Diviti S, Xu M, Townsend JP. Rare Drivers at Low Prevalence with High Cancer Effects in T-Cell and B-Cell Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6589. [PMID: 38928295 PMCID: PMC11203805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genomic analyses of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) subtypes, particularly T-cell and B-cell lineages, have been pivotal in identifying potential therapeutic targets. Typical genomic analyses have directed attention toward the most commonly mutated genes. However, assessing the contribution of mutations to cancer phenotypes is crucial. Therefore, we estimated the cancer effects (scaled selection coefficients) for somatic substitutions in T-cell and B-cell cohorts, revealing key insights into mutation contributions. Cancer effects for well-known, frequently mutated genes like NRAS and KRAS in B-ALL were high, which underscores their importance as therapeutic targets. However, less frequently mutated genes IL7R, XBP1, and TOX also demonstrated high cancer effects, suggesting pivotal roles in the development of leukemia when present. In T-ALL, KRAS and NRAS are less frequently mutated than in B-ALL. However, their cancer effects when present are high in both subtypes. Mutations in PIK3R1 and RPL10 were not at high prevalence, yet exhibited some of the highest cancer effects in individual T-cell ALL patients. Even CDKN2A, with a low prevalence and relatively modest cancer effect, is potentially highly relevant for the epistatic effects that its mutated form exerts on other mutations. Prioritizing investigation into these moderately frequent but potentially high-impact targets not only presents novel personalized therapeutic opportunities but also enhances the understanding of disease mechanisms and advances precision therapeutics for pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Mandell
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
| | | | - Mina Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
- Program in Genetics, Genomics, and Epigenetics, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Townsend
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
- Program in Genetics, Genomics, and Epigenetics, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Liongue C, Ward AC. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diseases Mediated by Chronic Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:313. [PMID: 38254802 PMCID: PMC10813624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematopoietic diseases characterized by the clonal expansion of single or multiple lineages of differentiated myeloid cells that accumulate in the blood and bone marrow. MPNs are grouped into distinct categories based on key clinical presentations and distinctive mutational hallmarks. These include chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which is strongly associated with the signature BCR::ABL1 gene translocation, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary (idiopathic) myelofibrosis (PMF), typically accompanied by molecular alterations in the JAK2, MPL, or CALR genes. There are also rarer forms such as chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), which involves mutations in the CSF3R gene. However, rather than focusing on the differences between these alternate disease categories, this review aims to present a unifying molecular etiology in which these overlapping diseases are best understood as disruptions of normal hematopoietic signaling: specifically, the chronic activation of signaling pathways, particularly involving signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transcription factors, most notably STAT5B, leading to the sustained stimulation of myelopoiesis, which underpins the various disease sequalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
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Wu J, Yan H, Xiang C. Wilms' tumor gene 1 in hematological malignancies: friend or foe? Hematology 2023; 28:2254557. [PMID: 37668240 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2254557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) is a transcription and post-translational factor that has a crucial role in the biological and pathological processes of several human malignancies. For hematological malignancies, WT1 overexpression or mutation has been found in leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. About 70-90% of acute myeloid leukemia patients showed WT1 overexpression, and 6-15% of patients carried WT1 mutations. WT1 has been widely regarded as a marker for monitoring minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia. Many researchers were interested in developing WT1 targeting therapy. In this review, we summarized biological and pathological functions, correlation with other genes and clinical features, prognosis value and targeting therapy of WT1 in hematological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an and Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Xiang
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
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Fries C, Hermiston ML. Challenging T-ALL to IL-7Rp dual inhibition. Blood 2023; 142:124-126. [PMID: 37440269 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
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Fernandes MB, Barata JT. IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease: An update through COVID times. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100940. [PMID: 36503870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of IL-7 and IL-7R for normal lymphoid development and an adequately functioning immune system has been recognized for long, with severe immune deficiency and lymphoid leukemia as extreme examples of the consequences of deregulation of the IL-7-IL-7R axis. In this review, we provide an update (focusing on the past couple of years) on IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease. We highlight the findings on IL-7/IL-7R signaling mechanisms and the, sometimes controversial, impact of IL-7 and its receptor on leukocyte biology, COVID-19, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and different solid tumors, as well as their relevance as therapeutic tools or targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
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IL-7: Comprehensive review. Cytokine 2022; 160:156049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tompa M, Kraboth Z, Galik B, Kajtar B, Gyenesei A, Kalman B. Epigenetic Suppression of the IL-7 Pathway in Progressive Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092174. [PMID: 36140275 PMCID: PMC9496096 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune evasion in glioblastoma (GBM) shields cancer cells from cytotoxic immune response. Methods: We investigated CpG methylation in promoters, genes, and pathways in 22 pairs of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sequential (FFPE) GBM using restricted resolution bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and bioinformatic analyses. Results: Gene ontology revealed hypermethylation in elements of the innate and adaptive immune system when recurrent GBM samples (GBMrec) were compared to control (CG) and primary GBM samples (GBMprim). Higher methylation levels of the IL-7 signaling pathway and response to IL-7 were found in GBMrec suggesting a progressive blockade of the IL-7 driven T cell response in sequential GBM. Analyses of the Cancer Genome Atlas array-based data confirmed hypermethylation of the IL-7 pathway in recurrent compared with primary GBM. We also quantified DNA CpG methylation in promoter and gene regions of the IL-7 ligand and IL-7 α-receptor subunit in individual samples of a large RRBS-based sequential cohort of GBM in a Viennese database and found significantly higher methylation levels in the IL-7 receptor α-subunit in GBMrec compared with GBMprim. Conclusions: This study revealed the progressive suppression of the IL-7 receptor-mediated pathway as a means of immune evasion by GBM and thereby highlighted it as a new treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marton Tompa
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kraboth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Clinical Center, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Clinical Center, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bence Galik
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bela Kajtar
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Clinical Center, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bernadette Kalman
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pecs, School of Medicine, Clinical Center, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-501-500 (ext. 29205)
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Sheikh IN, Ragoonanan D, Franklin A, Srinivasan C, Zhao B, Petropoulos D, Mahadeo KM, Tewari P, Khazal SJ. Cardiac Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5814. [PMID: 34830969 PMCID: PMC8616080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated extramedullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs in soft tissues and various organs outside the testis and central nervous system. Treatments such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and more novel modalities such as immunotherapy have eradicated ALL at extramedullary sites. In some instances, survival times for relapsed ALL at these sites are longer than those for relapsed disease involving only the bone marrow. Isolated relapse of ALL in the myocardium is rare, especially in children, making diagnosis and treatment of it difficult. More recent treatment options such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy carry a high risk of cytokine release syndrome and associated risk of worsening cardiac function. Herein we present the case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with relapsed symptomatic B-cell ALL in the myocardium following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This is an unusual presentation of relapsed ALL and this case demonstrates the associated challenges in its diagnosis and treatment. The case report is followed by a literature review of the advances in treatment of pediatric leukemia and their application to extramedullary relapse of this disease in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irtiza N. Sheikh
- Division of Pediatrics and Patient Care, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Dristhi Ragoonanan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, CARTOX Program, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.R.); (D.P.); (K.M.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Anna Franklin
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Chandra Srinivasan
- Cardiac Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Bhiong Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Demetrios Petropoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, CARTOX Program, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.R.); (D.P.); (K.M.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Kris M. Mahadeo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, CARTOX Program, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.R.); (D.P.); (K.M.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Priti Tewari
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, CARTOX Program, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.R.); (D.P.); (K.M.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Sajad J. Khazal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, CARTOX Program, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.R.); (D.P.); (K.M.M.); (P.T.)
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