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Properties, Physiological Functions and Involvement of Basidiomycetous Alcohol Oxidase in Wood Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213808. [PMID: 36430286 PMCID: PMC9699415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research efforts have been devoted to describing yeast alcohol oxidase (AO) and its promoter region, which is vastly applied in studies of heterologous gene expression. However, little is known about basidiomycetous AO and its physiological role in wood degradation. This review describes several alcohol oxidases from both white and brown rot fungi, highlighting their physicochemical and kinetic properties. Moreover, the review presents a detailed analysis of available AO-encoding gene promoter regions in basidiomycetous fungi with a discussion of the manipulations of culture conditions in relation to the modification of alcohol oxidase gene expression and changes in enzyme production. The analysis of reactions catalyzed by lignin-modifying enzymes (LME) and certain lignin auxiliary enzymes (LDA) elucidated the possible involvement of alcohol oxidase in the degradation of derivatives of this polymer. Combined data on lignin degradation pathways suggest that basidiomycetous AO is important in secondary reactions during lignin decomposition by wood degrading fungi. With numerous alcoholic substrates, the enzyme is probably engaged in a variety of catalytic reactions leading to the detoxification of compounds produced in lignin degradation processes and their utilization as a carbon source by fungal mycelium.
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Venkatesagowda B, Dekker RFH. A rapid method to detect and estimate the activity of the enzyme, alcohol oxidase by the use of two chemical complexes - acetylacetone (3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine) and acetylacetanilide (3,5-di-N-phenylacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine). J Microbiol Methods 2019; 158:71-79. [PMID: 30716345 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method has been devised in order to detect and estimate the synthesis of the enzyme alcohol oxidase (AOX) by fungi, by way of the use of two chemical complexes, namely, acetylacetone (3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine) and acetylacetanilide (3,5-di-N-phenylacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine). This method involves the use of the AOX enzyme that could specifically oxidize methanol, giving rise to equimolar equivalents each of formaldehyde (HCHO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the end products. Further, the formaldehyde, thus produced was allowed to interact with the neutral solutions of acetylacetone and the ammonium salt, gradually developing a yellow color, owing to the synthesis and release of 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (yellow product; λ = 420 nm; λex/em = 390/470 nm) and the product, so generated was quantified spectrophotometrically by measureing its absorbance at 412 nm. In another set up, the amount of formaldehyde produced as a sequel to the oxidation of methanol by the AOX enzyme was determined by allowing it to react with the acetylacetanilide reagent, after which the volume of the fluorescent product - 3,5-di-N-phenylacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (colorless product; λex/em = 390/470 nm) that was generated was estimated by measuring its emission at 460 nm (excitation wavelength at 360 nm) in a spectrophotometer. Of the various substrates tested, a commercial source of the AOX enzyme appreciably oxidizes methanol, thereby generating formaldehyde, and further reacts with acetylacetone, to give rise to a bright yellow complex, displaying a maximum activity of 1402 U/mL. Determination of the AOX activity by the use of acetylacetone and acetylacetanilide could serve as a viable alternative to the conventional alcohol oxidase-peroxidase-2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (AOX-POD-ABTS) based method. In view of this, this method appears to be invaluable for application at the various food, pharmaceutical, fuel, biosensor, biorefinery, biopolymer, biomaterial, platform chemical, and biodiesel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Venkatesagowda
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada.
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
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Matsumura K, Yamada M, Yamashita T, Muto H, Nishiyama KI, Shimoi H, Isobe K. Expression of alcohol oxidase gene from Ochrobactrum sp. AIU 033 in recombinant Escherichia coli through the twin-arginine translocation pathway. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:13-21. [PMID: 30704918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We cloned a set of genes encoding alcohol oxidase from Ochrobactrum sp. AIU 033 (OcAOD), which exhibits the appropriate substrate specificity for glyoxylic acid production from glycolic acid. The set of genes for OcAOD contained two open reading frames consisting of 555-bp (aodB) and 1572-bp (aodA) nucleotides, which encode the precursor for the β-subunit and α-subunit of OcAOD, respectively. We expressed the cloned genes as an active product in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant OcAOD oxidized glycolic acid and primary alcohols with C2-C8 but not glyoxylic acid (as is the case for native OcAOD), whereas the Km and Vmax values for glycolic acid and the pH stability were higher than those of native OcAOD. A consensus sequence for the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway was identified in the N-terminal region of the precursor for the β-subunit, and the active form of OcAOD was localized in the periplasm of recombinant E. coli, which indicated that OcAOD would be transported from the cytoplasm to the periplasm by the hitchhiker mechanism through the Tat pathway. The OcAOD productivity of the recombinant E. coli was 24-fold higher than that of Ochrobactrum sp. AIU 033, and it was further enhanced by 1.2 times by the co-expression of additional tatABC from E. coli BL21(DE3). Our findings thus suggest a function of the β-subunit of OcAOD in membrane translocation, and that the recombinant OcAOD has characteristics that are suitable for the enzymatic synthesis of glyoxylic acid as well as native OcAOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsumura
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Iwate University, Ueda-3, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamada
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Iwate University, Ueda-3, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yamashita
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Iwate University, Ueda-3, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Hitomi Muto
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Iwate University, Ueda-3, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nishiyama
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Iwate University, Ueda-3, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimoi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Iwate University, Ueda-3, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kimiyasu Isobe
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Iwate University, Ueda-3, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Mangkorn N, Kanokratana P, Roongsawang N, Laosiripojana N, Champreda V. Purification, characterization, and stabilization of alcohol oxidase from Ogataea thermomethanolica. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 150:26-32. [PMID: 29738827 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol oxidase (AOX) functions in oxidation of primary alcohols into the corresponding aldehydes with potential on catalyzing synthesis reactions in chemical industry. In this study, AOX from a thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast, Ogataea thermomethanolica (OthAOX) was purified to high homogeneity using a single step chromatographic separation on a DEAE-Sepharose column. The purified OthAOX had a specific activity of 15.34 U/mg with 77.5% recovery yield. The enzyme worked optimally at 50 °C in an alkaline range (pH 9.0). According to kinetic analysis, OthAOX showed a higher affinity toward short-chain aliphatic primary alcohol with the Vmax, Km, and kcat of 0.24 nmol/min, 0.27 mM, and 3628.8 min-1, respectively against methanol. Addition of alginic acid (0.35%) showed a protective effect on enhancing thermal stability of the enzyme, resulting in 72% increase in its half-life at 40 °C under the operational conditions. This enzyme represents a promising candidate for conversion of bioethanol to acetaldehyde as secondary chemical in biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaya Mangkorn
- Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Niran Roongsawang
- Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; JGSEE-BIOTEC Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovative Cluster 2 Building, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; JGSEE-BIOTEC Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovative Cluster 2 Building, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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Linke D, Lehnert N, Nimtz M, Berger RG. An alcohol oxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium with a distinct glycerol oxidase activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 61-62:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ravin NV, Eldarov MA, Kadnikov VV, Beletsky AV, Schneider J, Mardanova ES, Smekalova EM, Zvereva MI, Dontsova OA, Mardanov AV, Skryabin KG. Genome sequence and analysis of methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha DL1. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:837. [PMID: 24279325 PMCID: PMC3866509 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hansenula polymorpha DL1 is a methylotrophic yeast, widely used in fundamental studies of methanol metabolism, peroxisome biogenesis and function, and also as a microbial cell factory for production of recombinant proteins and metabolic engineering towards the goal of high temperature ethanol production. RESULTS We have sequenced the 9 Mbp H. polymorpha DL1 genome and performed whole-genome analysis for the H. polymorpha transcriptome obtained from both methanol- and glucose-grown cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed the complex and dynamic character of the H. polymorpha transcriptome under the two studied conditions, identified abundant and highly unregulated expression of 40% of the genome in methanol grown cells, and revealed alternative splicing events. We have identified subtelomerically biased protein families in H. polymorpha, clusters of LTR elements at G + C-poor chromosomal loci in the middle of each of the seven H. polymorpha chromosomes, and established the evolutionary position of H. polymorpha DL1 within a separate yeast clade together with the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and the non-methylotrophic yeast Dekkera bruxellensis. Intergenome comparisons uncovered extensive gene order reshuffling between the three yeast genomes. Phylogenetic analyses enabled us to reveal patterns of evolution of methylotrophy in yeasts and filamentous fungi. CONCLUSIONS Our results open new opportunities for in-depth understanding of many aspects of H. polymorpha life cycle, physiology and metabolism as well as genome evolution in methylotrophic yeasts and may lead to novel improvements toward the application of H. polymorpha DL-1 as a microbial cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Ravin
- Centre “Bioengineering” of RAS, Prosp. 60-let Oktyabrya, bld. 7-1, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Michael A Eldarov
- Centre “Bioengineering” of RAS, Prosp. 60-let Oktyabrya, bld. 7-1, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Vitaly V Kadnikov
- Centre “Bioengineering” of RAS, Prosp. 60-let Oktyabrya, bld. 7-1, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Alexey V Beletsky
- Centre “Bioengineering” of RAS, Prosp. 60-let Oktyabrya, bld. 7-1, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Jessica Schneider
- Institute for Bioinformatics, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Eugenia S Mardanova
- Centre “Bioengineering” of RAS, Prosp. 60-let Oktyabrya, bld. 7-1, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Elena M Smekalova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119999 Moscow, Russia and Belozersky Institute, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bldg. 40, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria I Zvereva
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119999 Moscow, Russia and Belozersky Institute, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bldg. 40, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Dontsova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119999 Moscow, Russia and Belozersky Institute, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bldg. 40, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Mardanov
- Centre “Bioengineering” of RAS, Prosp. 60-let Oktyabrya, bld. 7-1, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - Konstantin G Skryabin
- Centre “Bioengineering” of RAS, Prosp. 60-let Oktyabrya, bld. 7-1, Moscow 117312, Russia
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Gvozdev AR, Tukhvatullin IA, Gvozdev RI. Quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases and FAD-dependent alcohol oxidases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:843-56. [PMID: 22860906 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912080056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review considers quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases and FAD-dependent alcohol oxidases, enzymes that are present in numerous methylotrophic eu- and prokaryotes and significantly differ in their primary and quaternary structure. The cofactors of the enzymes are bound to the protein polypeptide chain through ionic and hydrophobic interactions. Microorganisms containing these enzymes are described. Methods for purification of the enzymes, their physicochemical properties, and spatial structures are considered. The supposed mechanism of action and practical application of these enzymes as well as their producers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Gvozdev
- Biosensor AN Ltd., pr. Akademika Semenova 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia.
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An overview on alcohol oxidases and their potential applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:4259-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Isobe K, Kataoka M, Ogawa J, Hasegawa J, Shimizu S. Microbial oxidases catalyzing conversion of glycolaldehyde into glyoxal. N Biotechnol 2011; 29:177-82. [PMID: 21820089 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present paper reviews oxidases catalyzing conversion of glycolaldehyde into glyoxal. The enzymatic oxidation of glycolaldehyde into glyoxal was first reported in alcohol oxidases (AODs) from methylotrophic yeasts such as Candida and Pichia, and glycerol oxidase (GLOD) from Aspergillus japonicus, although it had been reported that these enzymes are specific to short-chain linear aliphatic alcohols and glycerol, respectively. These enzymes continuously oxidized ethylene glycol into glyoxal via glycolaldehyde. The AODs produced by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium purpurescens also oxidized glycolaldehyde. A new enzyme exhibiting oxidase activity for glycolaldehyde was reported from a newly isolated bacterium, Paenibacillus sp. AIU 311. The Paenibacillus enzyme exhibited high activity for aldehyde alcohols such as glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde, but not for methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol or glycerol. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Paenibacillus AOD was similar to that of superoxide dismutases (SODs), but not to that of methylotrophic yeast AODs. Then, it was demonstrated that SODs had oxidase activity for aldehyde alcohols including glycolaldehyde. The present paper describes characteristics of glycolaldehyde oxidation by those enzymes produced by different microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyasu Isobe
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Iwate University, Ueda-3, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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