1
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Kikukawa H, Nagao T, Ota M, Takashima S, Kitaguchi K, Yanase E, Maeda S, Hara KY. Production of a selective antibacterial fatty acid against Staphylococcus aureus by Bifidobacterium strains. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:4. [PMID: 38045611 PMCID: PMC10688799 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims: C16 monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1) show antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen associated with various diseases such as atopic dermatitis and bacteremia, while the compound does not exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, an epidermal commensal that inhibits the growth of S. aureus. In this study, we aimed to find bifidobacterial strains with the ability to produce C16:1 and to find a practical manner to utilize C16:1-producing strains in industry. Methods: Various Bifidobacterium strains were screened for their content of C16:1. The chemical identity of C16:1 produced by a selected strain was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Medium components that affect the C16:1 content of the selected strain were investigated. Antibacterial activity against staphylococci was compared between the authentic C16:1 isomers and total fatty acids (TFA) extracted from the selected strain. Results: B. adolescentis 12451, B. adolescentis 12-111, B. boum JCM 1211, and Bifidobacterium sp. JCM 7042 showed high C16:1 content among the tested strains. TFA extracted from Bifidobacterium sp. JCM 7042 contained C16:1 at 2.3% as the fatty acid constituent (2.4 mg/L of broth). Through GC-MS and LC-MS analyses, the C16:1 synthesized by Bifidobacterium sp. JCM 7042 was identified as 7-cis-hexadecenoic acid (7-cis-C16:1). The authentic 7-cis-C16:1 showed strong and selective antibacterial activity against S. aureus, similar to 6-cis-C16:1, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of < 10 µg/mL. Components that increase C16:1 productivity were not found in the MRS and TOS media; however, Tween 80 was shown to considerably reduce the C16:1 ratio in TFA. Antibacterial activity against S. aureus was observed when the TFA extracted from Bifidobacterium sp. JCM 7042 contained high level of 7-cis-C16:1 (6.1% in TFA) but not when it contained low level of 7-cis-C16:1 (0.1% in TFA). Conclusion: The fatty acid, 7-cis-C16:1, which can selectively inhibit the S. aureus growth, is accumulated in TFA of several bifidobacteria. The TFA extracted from cultured cells of Bifidobacterium sp. JCM 7042 demonstrated antibacterial activity. From a practical viewpoint, our findings are important for developing an efficient method to produce novel skin care cosmetics, functional dairy foods, and other commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagao
- Research Division of Biomaterials and Commodity Chemicals, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka 536-8553, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Ota
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kohji Kitaguchi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Emiko Yanase
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Y. Hara
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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2
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Wu J, Wu C, Rong C, Tian J, Jiang N, Wu R, Yue X, Shi H. Catalytic mechanisms underlying fungal fatty acid desaturases activities. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35658758 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2063106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have beneficial roles in a variety of human pathologies and disorders. Owing to the limited source of PUFAs in animals and plants, microorganisms, especially fungi, have become a new source of PUFAs. In fungi, fatty acid desaturases (F-FADS) are the main enzymes that convert saturated fatty acids (SFAs) into PUFAs. Their catalytic activities and substrate specificities, which are directly dependent on the structure of the FADS proteins, determine their efficiency to convert SFAs to PUFAs. Catalytic mechanisms underlying F-FADS activities can be determined from the findings of the relationship between their structure and function. In this review, the advances made in the past decade in terms of catalytic activities and substrate specificities of the fungal FADS cluster are summarized. The relationship between the key domain(s) and site(s) in F-FADS proteins and their catalytic activity is highlighted, and the FADS cluster is analyzed phylogenetically. In addition, subcellular localization of F-FADS is discussed. Finally, we provide prospective crystal structures of F-FADSs. The findings may provide a reference for the resolution of the crystal structures of F-FADS proteins and facilitate the increase in fungal PUFA production for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunchi Rong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haisu Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Wu C, Hong B, Jiang S, Luo X, Lin H, Zhou Y, Wu J, Yue X, Shi H, Wu R. Recent advances on essential fatty acid biosynthesis and production: Clarifying the roles of Δ12/Δ15 fatty acid desaturase. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Wu T, Yu L, Zhang Y, Liu J. Characterization of fatty acid desaturases reveals stress-induced synthesis of C18 unsaturated fatty acids enriched in triacylglycerol in the oleaginous alga Chromochloris zofingiensis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:184. [PMID: 34535156 PMCID: PMC8447527 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis is capable of producing high levels of triacylglycerol rich in C18 unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). FA desaturation degree is regulated by FA desaturases (FADs). Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown regarding what FADs are involved in FA desaturations and how these FADs collaborate to contribute to the high abundance of C18 UFAs in triacylglycerol in C. zofingiensis. RESULTS To address these issues, we firstly determined the transcription start sites of 11 putative membrane-bound FAD-coding genes (CzFADs) and updated their gene models. Functional validation of these CzFADs in yeast and cyanobacterial cells revealed that seven are bona fide FAD enzymes with distinct substrates. Combining the validated functions and predicted subcellular compartments of CzFADs and the FA profiles of C. zofingiensis, the FA desaturation pathways in this alga were reconstructed. Furthermore, a multifaceted lipidomic analysis by systematically integrating thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques was conducted, unraveling profiles of polar membrane lipids in C. zofingiensis and major desaturation steps occurring in these lipids. By correlating transcriptional patterns of CzFAD genes and changes of lipids upon abiotic stress conditions, our results highlighted collaboration of CzFADs for C18 UFA synthesis and supported that both de novo FA synthesis and membrane lipid remodeling contributed C18 UFAs to triacylglycerol for storage. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study for the first time elucidated the pathways of C18 FA desaturations and comprehensive profiles of polar membrane lipids in C. zofingiensis and shed light on collaboration of CzFADs for the synthesis and enrichment of C18 UFAs in triacylglycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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5
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Screening of plant oils promoting growth of the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous with astaxanthin and fatty acid production. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Chang L, Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Lipid metabolism research in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina: Current progress and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107794. [PMID: 34245810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina has distinct advantages in long-chain PUFAs production, and it is the only source for dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) certificated by FDA and European Commission. This review provides an overall introduction to M. alpina, including its major research methods, key factors governing lipid biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and omics studies. Currently, the research interests in M. alpina focus on improving lipid yield and fatty acid desaturation degree by enhancing fatty acid precursors and the reducing power NADPH, and genetic manipulation on PUFAs synthetic pathways is carried to optimise fatty acid composition. Besides, multi-omics studies have been applied to elucidate the global regulatory mechanism of lipogenesis in M. alpina. However, research challenges towards achieving a lipid cell factory lie in strain breeding and cost control due to the coenocytic mycelium, long fermentation period and insufficient conversion rate from carbon to lipid. We also proposed future research goals based on a multilevel regulating strategy: obtaining ideal chassis by directional evolution and high-throughput screening; rewiring central carbon metabolism and inhibiting competitive pathways by multi-gene manipulation system to enhance carbon to lipid conversion rate; optimisation of protein function based on post-translational modification; application of dynamic fermentation strategies suitable for different fermentation phases. By reviewing the comprehensive research progress of this oleaginous fungus, we aim to further comprehend the fungal lipid metabolism and provide reference information and guidelines for the exploration of microbial oils from the perspectives of fundamental research to industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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7
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Nachtschatt M, Okada S, Speight R. Integral Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturases: A Review of Biochemical, Structural, and Biotechnological Advances. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nachtschatt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Clunies Ross St. Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Queensland University of Technology 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Shoko Okada
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Clunies Ross St. Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Robert Speight
- Queensland University of Technology 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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8
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Matsuzawa T, Maehara T, Kamisaka Y, Ayabe-Chujo Y, Takaku H, Yaoi K. Identification and characterization of Pseudozyma antarctica Δ12 fatty acid desaturase and its utilization for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:604-609. [PMID: 32847739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases, especially Δ12 fatty acid desaturases, are key enzymes for the production of unsaturated fatty acids in oleaginous yeasts. In this study, we identified and characterized a gene encoding Δ12 fatty acid desaturase of Pseudozyma antarctica named PaFAD2. Almost all oleic acid (C18:1) was converted to linoleic acid by the heterologous expression of the PaFAD2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lipomyces starkeyi oleaginous yeast. Notably, PaFad2 converted not only oleic acid to linoleic acid, but also palmitoleic acid (C16:1) to 9,12-hexadecadienoic acid (C16:2). These results indicated that the PaFAD2 gene was very useful for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in yeast, including oleaginous yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Matsuzawa
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Maehara
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kamisaka
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yuko Ayabe-Chujo
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaku
- Department of Applied Life Science, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Science, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Katsuro Yaoi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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9
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Determination of allosteric and active sites responsible for catalytic activity of delta 12 fatty acid desaturase from Geotrichum candidum and Mortierella alpina by domain swapping. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 138:109563. [PMID: 32527532 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cheese lacks essential fatty acids (EFAs). Delta 12 fatty acid desaturase (FADS12) is a critical enzyme required for EFA biosynthesis in fermentation of the predominant strains of cheese. Previously, we identified the FADS12 gene and characterized its function for the first time in Geotrichum candidum, a dominant strain used to manufacture soft cheese with white rind. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanism of FADS12 function by swapping domains from Mortierella alpina and G. candidum that had, respectively, high and low oleic acid conversion rates. The results revealed three regions that are essential to this process, including regions from the end of the second transmembrane domain to the beginning of the third transmembrane domain, from the end of the third transmembrane domain to the beginning of the fourth transmembrane domain, and from the 30-amino acid from the end of the sixth transmembrane domain to the C-terminal end region. Based on our domain swapping analyses, nine pairs of amino acids including H112, S118, H156, Q161, K301, R306, E307, A309 and S323 in MaFADS12 (K123, A129, N167, M172, T302, D307, I308, E310 and D324 in GcFADS12) were identified as having a significantly effect on FADS12 catalytic efficiency, and linoleic acid and its analogues (12,13-cyclopropenoid fatty acid) were found to inhibit the catalytic activity of FADS12 and related recombinant enzymes. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of FADS12 inhibition was analyzed. The results revealed two allosteric domains, including one domain from the N-terminal region to the beginning of the first transmembrane domain and another from the 31st amino acid from the end of the sixth transmembrane domain to the C terminus. Y4 and F398 amino acid residues from MaFADS12 and eight pairs of amino acids including G56, L60, L344, G10, Q13, S24, K326 and L344 in MaFADS12 (while Y66, F70, F345, F20, Y23, Y34, F327 and F345 in GcFADS12) played a pivotal role in FADS12 inhibition. Finally, we found that both allosteric and active sites were responsible for the catalytic activity of FADS12 at various temperatures, pH, and times. This study offers a solid theoretical basis to develop preconditioning methods to increase the rate at which GcFADS12 converts oleic and linoleic acids to produce higher levels of EFAs in cheese.
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10
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Svetashev VI, Kharlamenko VI. Fatty Acids of Abyssal Echinodermata, the Sea Star Eremicaster vicinus and the Sea Urchin Kamptosoma abyssale: A New Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Detected, 22:6(n-2). Lipids 2020; 55:291-296. [PMID: 32101331 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) of two species of abyssal Echinodermata-the sea star (Asteroidea) Eremicaster vicinus and the sea urchin (Echinoidea) Kamptosoma abyssale-from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, collected at depths of 5210 and 6183 m, were analyzed. Lipids of these deposit-feeding animals showed similar FA compositions: 20.05-16.08% saturated, 42.20-39.50% monoenoic, and 37.75-44.42% polyunsaturated FA, respectively. The contents of odd- and branched-chain FA were 17.35% and 8.80%, respectively. A significant part of FA was represented by uncommon FA such as 21:4(n-7), 22:4(n-8), 22:5(n-5), and 23:4(n-9), earlier discovered in deep-sea foraminifera. Also, the newly found acid, related to the ω2 family, Δ5,8,11,14,17,20-22:6(n-2), amounted 1.60% and 0.33% of total FA, respectively, for the two species. Such unusual FA composition of these abyssal species can be explained by the transfer and modification of FA from consumed foraminifera, which in turn, feed on bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily I Svetashev
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Kharlamenko
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation
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11
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Shrestha P, Zhou XR, Vibhakaran Pillai S, Petrie J, de Feyter R, Singh S. Comparison of the Substrate Preferences of ω3 Fatty Acid Desaturases for Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3058. [PMID: 31234541 PMCID: PMC6627408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω3) are important fatty acids for human health. These ω3 LC-PUFAs are produced from their ω3 precursors by a set of desaturases and elongases involved in the biosynthesis pathway and are also converted from ω6 LC-PUFA by omega-3 desaturases (ω3Ds). Here, we have investigated eight ω3-desaturases obtained from a cyanobacterium, plants, fungi and a lower animal species for their activities and compared their specificities for various C18, C20 and C22 ω6 PUFA substrates by transiently expressing them in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Our results showed hitherto unreported activity of many of the ω3Ds on ω6 LC-PUFA substrates leading to their conversion to ω3 LC-PUFAs. This discovery could be important in the engineering of EPA and DHA in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | | | - James Petrie
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | | | - Surinder Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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12
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Rong C, Chen H, Tang X, Gu Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Chen W. Structural Determinants of Substrate Specificity of Omega-3 Desaturases from Mortierella alpina and Rhizophagus irregularis by Domain-Swapping and Molecular Docking. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071603. [PMID: 30935072 PMCID: PMC6479736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although various ω-3 fatty acid desaturases (ω3Des) have been identified and well-studied regarding substrate preference and regiospecificity, the molecular mechanism of their substrate specificities remains to be investigated. Here we compared two ω3Des, FADS15 from Mortierella alpina and oRiFADS17 from Rhizophagus irregularis, which possessed a substrate preference for linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, respectively. Their sequences were divided into six sections and a domain-swapping strategy was used to test the role of each section in catalytic activity. Heterologous expression and fatty acid experiments of hybrid enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1 indicated that the sequences between his-boxes I and II played critical roles in influencing substrate preference. Based on site-directed mutagenesis and molecular docking, the amino acid substitutions W129T and T144W, located in the upper part of the hydrocarbon chain, were found to be involved in substrate specificity, while V137T and V152T were confirmed to interfere with substrate recognition. This study provides significant insight into the structure-function relationship of ω3Des.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchi Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yongquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 5: 27127, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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13
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Rong C, Chen H, Tang X, Gu Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen YQ. Characterization and molecular docking of new Δ17 fatty acid desaturase genes from Rhizophagus irregularis and Octopus bimaculoides. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6871-6880. [PMID: 35518462 PMCID: PMC9061052 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00535h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via conversion of n-6 polyunsaturates to their n-3 counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchi Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
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Rong C, Chen H, Wang M, Gu Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen YQ. Molecular mechanism of substrate preference for ω-3 fatty acid desaturase from Mortierella alpina by mutational analysis and molecular docking. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9679-9689. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Ando A, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Arachidonic acid production by the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4: A review. J Adv Res 2018; 11:15-22. [PMID: 30034872 PMCID: PMC6052653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 is capable of accumulating a large amount of triacylglycerol containing C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Indeed, triacylglycerol production by M. alpina 1S-4 can reach 20 g/L of culture broth, and the critical cellular signaling and structural PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) comprises 30%–70% of the total fatty acid. The demonstrated health benefits of functional PUFAs have in turn encouraged the search for rich sources of these compounds, including fungal strains showing enhanced production of specific PUFAs. Screening for mutants and targeted gene manipulation of M. alpina 1S-4 have elucidated the functions of various enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis and established lines with improved PUFA productivity. In some cases, these strains have been used for indistrial-scale production of PUFAs, including ARA. In this review, we described practical ARA production through mutant breeding, functional analyses of genes encoding enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis, and recent advances in the production of specific PUFAs through molecular breeding of M. alpina 1S-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minami-josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe, Kameoka 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Sakamoto T, Sakuradani E, Okuda T, Kikukawa H, Ando A, Kishino S, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Shima J, Ogawa J. Metabolic engineering of oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina for high production of oleic and linoleic acids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1610-1615. [PMID: 28673516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the molecular breeding of oleaginous filamentous Mortierella alpina for high production of linoleic (LA) or oleic acid (OA). Heterologous expression of the Δ12-desaturase (DS) gene derived from Coprinopsis cinerea in the Δ6DS activity-defective mutant of M. alpina increased the LA production rate as to total fatty acid to 5 times that in the wild strain. By suppressing the endogenous Δ6I gene expression by RNAi in the Δ12DS activity-defective mutant of M. alpina, the OA accumulation rate as to total fatty acid reached 68.0%. The production of LA and OA in these transformants reached 1.44 and 2.76g/L, respectively, on the 5th day. The Δ6I transcriptional levels of the RNAi-treated strains were suppressed to 1/10th that in the parent strain. The amount of Δ6II RNA in the Δ6I RNAi-treated strain increased to 8 times that in the wild strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaiku Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Shima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 67 Tsukamoto-cho, Fukakusa Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Garba L, Shukuri Mo M, Nurbaya Os S, Noor Zalih R. Review on Fatty Acid Desaturases and their Roles in Temperature Acclimatisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2017.282.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yang S, Zhang H. Enhanced polyunsaturated fatty acids production in Mortierella alpina by SSF and the enrichment in chicken breasts. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:30842. [PMID: 27745585 PMCID: PMC5065997 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.30842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal were used as the substrates for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Mortierella alpine. These fermented products were fed to laying hens. PUFA enrichment from chicken breasts was studied. METHODS The maximum productivity of PUFA was achieved under optimized process condition, including 1% w/w yeast extract as additive, an incubation period of 5 days at 12°C, 10% v/w inoculum level, 75% moisture content, and pH 6.0. The hens were then fed with ration containing soybean DDGS, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and peanut oil. The control group was fed with basal ration. RESULTS Under the optimal condition, M. alpine produced total fatty acids (TFA) of 182.34 mg/g dry substrate. It has better mycelial growth when soybean meal was added to DDGS (SDDGS). PUFA in fermentation product increased with higher soybean meal content. The addition of 70% soybean meal to DDGS substrate yielded 175.16 mg of TFA, including 2.49 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 5.26 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The ratios of ω-6/ω-3 found in chicken breasts fat were all lower than that found in control by 36.98, 31.51, 18.15, and 12.63% for SDDGS, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and peanut oil, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study identified an optimized SSF process to maximize PUFA productivity by M. alpine as the strain. This PUFA-enriched feed increased the PUFA contents as well as the proportions of ω-6 and ω-3 in chicken breasts and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Yang
- The College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China;
| | - Hui Zhang
- Physical and Chemical Test Center, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Inspection Science, Hangzhou, China;
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Ando A, Okuda T, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Microbial production of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid by Δ5-desaturase gene-disruptants of Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Application of a delta-6 desaturase with α-linolenic acid preference on eicosapentaenoic acid production in Mortierella alpina. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:117. [PMID: 27364006 PMCID: PMC4929779 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Delta-6 desaturase (FADS6) is a key bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid (LA) or α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In previous work, we analyzed the substrate specificity of two FADS6 enzymes from Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222 (MaFADS6) and Micromonas pusilla CCMP1545 (MpFADS6), which showed preference for LA and ALA, respectively. We also clarified the PUFA profiles in M. alpina, where these lipids were synthesized mainly via the ω6 pathway and rarely via the ω3 pathway and as a result contained low ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels. Result To enhance EPA production in M. alpina by favoring the ω3 pathway, a plasmid harboring the MpFADS6 gene was constructed and overexpressed in a uracil-auxotrophic strain of M. alpina using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) method. Our results revealed that the EPA production reached 80.0 ± 15.0 and 90.4 ± 9.7 mg/L in MpFADS6 transformants grown at 28 and at 12 °C, respectively. To raise the level of ALA, free form fatty acid was used as exogenous substrate, which increased the EPA production up to 114.5 ± 12.4 mg/L. To reduce the cost of EPA production in M. alpina, peony seed oil (PSO) and peony seed meal (PSM) were used as source of ALA, and EPA production was improved to 149.3 ± 7.8 and 515.29 ± 32.66 mg/L by supplementing with 0.1 % PSO and 50 g/L PSM, respectively. The EPA yield was further increased to 588.5 ± 29.6 mg/L in a 5-L bioreactor, which resulted in a 26.2-fold increase compared to EPA production in wild-type M. alpina. In this work, we have significantly enhanced EPA production through overexpression of a FADS6 desaturase with preference for ALA, combined with supplementation of its substrate. Conclusion An ALA-preferring FADS6 from M. pusilla CCMP1545 was applied to enhance EPA production in M. alpina. By exogenous addition of peony seed oil or peony seed meal, EPA production was further increased in flasks and fermenters. This research also highlights the value of peony seed meal which can be converted to a high value-added product containing EPA, and as a way to increase the EPA/AA ratio in M. alpina. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0516-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Papp T, Nyilasi I, Csernetics Á, Nagy G, Takó M, Vágvölgyi C. Improvement of Industrially Relevant Biological Activities in Mucoromycotina Fungi. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Derbyshire MC, Michaelson L, Parker J, Kelly S, Thacker U, Powers SJ, Bailey A, Hammond-Kosack K, Courbot M, Rudd J. Analysis of cytochrome b(5) reductase-mediated metabolism in the phytopathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici reveals novel functionalities implicated in virulence. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 82:69-84. [PMID: 26074495 PMCID: PMC4557397 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the Ascomycete fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is one of the most economically damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. Z. tritici is currently a major target for agricultural fungicides, especially in temperate regions where it is most prevalent. Many fungicides target electron transfer enzymes because these are often important for cell function. Therefore characterisation of genes encoding such enzymes may be important for the development of novel disease intervention strategies. Microsomal cytochrome b5 reductases (CBRs) are an important family of electron transfer proteins which in eukaryotes are involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and complex lipids including sphingolipids and sterols. Unlike the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which possesses only one microsomal CBR, the fully sequenced genome of Z. tritici bears three possible microsomal CBRs. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that ZtCBR1 is the most highly expressed of these genes under all in vitro and in planta conditions tested, therefore ΔZtCBR1 mutant strains were generated through targeted gene disruption. These strains exhibited delayed disease symptoms on wheat leaves and severely limited asexual sporulation. ΔZtCBR1 strains also exhibited aberrant spore morphology and hyphal growth in vitro. These defects coincided with alterations in fatty acid, sphingolipid and sterol biosynthesis observed through GC-MS and HPLC analyses. Data is presented which suggests that Z. tritici may use ZtCBR1 as an additional electron donor for key steps in ergosterol biosynthesis, one of which is targeted by azole fungicides. Our study reports the first functional characterisation of CBR gene family members in a plant pathogenic filamentous fungus. This also represents the first direct observation of CBR functional ablation impacting upon fungal sterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Derbyshire
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Louise Michaelson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Josie Parker
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Diversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Steven Kelly
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Diversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | | | - Stephen J Powers
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Andy Bailey
- Bristol University, Senate House, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Kim Hammond-Kosack
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Mikael Courbot
- Syngenta, Syngenta AG, Schaffhauserstrasse, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Jason Rudd
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Ando A, Okuda T, Ochiai M, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Disruption of lig4 improves gene targeting efficiency in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biotechnol 2015; 208:63-9. [PMID: 26052021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oil-producing zygomycete Mortierella alpina 1S-4 is known to accumulate beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids. We identified the lig4 gene that encodes for a DNA ligase 4 homolog, which functions to repair double strand breaks by non-homologous end joining. We disrupted the lig4 gene to improve the gene targeting efficiency in M. alpina. The M. alpina 1S-4 Δlig4 strains showed no defect in vegetative growth, formation of spores, and fatty acid production, but exhibited high sensitivity to methyl methansulfonate, an agent that causes DNA double-strand breaks. Importantly, gene replacement of ura5 marker by CBXB marker occurred in 67% of Δlig4 strains and the gene targeting efficiency was 21-fold greater than that observed in disruption of the lig4 gene in the M. alpina 1S-4 host strain. Further metabolic engineering of the Δlig4 strains is expected to result in strains that produce higher levels of rare and beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids and contribute to basic research on the zygomycete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Misa Ochiai
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe, Kameoka 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Nakatani M, Ando A, Okuda T, Sakamoto T, Ochiai M, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Gene targeting in the oil-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 and construction of a strain producing a valuable polyunsaturated fatty acid. Curr Genet 2015; 61:579-89. [PMID: 25782448 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To develop an efficient gene-targeting system in Mortierella alpina 1S-4, we identified the ku80 gene encoding the Ku80 protein, which is involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway in genomic double-strand break (DSB) repair, and constructed ku80 gene-disrupted strains via single-crossover homologous recombination. The Δku80 strain from M. alpina 1S-4 showed no negative effects on vegetative growth, formation of spores, and fatty acid productivity, and exhibited high sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate, which causes DSBs. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)-producing strains were constructed by disruption of the Δ5-desaturase gene, encoding a key enzyme of bioconversion of DGLA to ARA, using the Δku80 strain as a host strain. The significant improvement of gene-targeting efficiency was not observed by disruption of the ku80 gene, but the construction of DGLA-producing strain by disruption of the Δ5-desaturase gene was succeeded using the Δku80 strain as a host strain. This report describes the first study on the identification and disruption of the ku80 gene in zygomycetes and construction of a DGLA-producing transformant using a gene-targeting system in M. alpina 1S-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Nakatani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Misa Ochiai
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8503, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe, Kameoka, 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Nishibaba Y, Okuda T, Ando A, Shima J, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Production of cis-11-eicosenoic acid by Mortierella fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:641-7. [PMID: 25495454 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To find cis-11-eicosenoic acid (20:1ω9, EA)-producing micro-organisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We found EA-producing fungi by screening about 300 fungal strains and identified a major fatty acid accumulated in the Mortierella fungi as EA by means of GC-MS analysis. In particular, Mortierella chlamydospora CBS 529.75 produced a high amount of EA (36.3 mg g(-1) of dried cells) on cultivation at 28°C for 4 days and then at 12°C for 3 days. In the result of lipid analysis, most of the EA was a component of triacylglycerols, not phospholipids. CONCLUSION We found that M. chlamydospora CBS 529.75 was the best producer for the microbial production of EA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY EA is beneficial as a raw material for medical supplies and a moisturizing component of cosmetic creams. This is the first report of microbial production of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Tsuda K, Nagano H, Ando A, Shima J, Ogawa J. Isolation and characterization of psychrotolerant endospore-forming Sporosarcina species associated with minced fish meat (surimi). Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 199:15-22. [PMID: 25621716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied the changes of resident microbiota in surimi-minced fish meat-during heat-treatment and subsequent cold-storage via the sequencing of partial 16S rRNA gene. Raw surimi made from Alaska pollock, pike conger, and white croaker was contaminated with 10(4) to 10(6)CFU/g of various non-endospore-forming bacteria. Immediately after heat-treatment, the bacterial counts were significantly reduced to less than 1CFU/g, and only endospore-forming bacteria, identified as Bacillus species were retrieved. Subsequently, the bacterial counts increased up to 10 to 10(5)CFU/g in the heated surimi after refrigerated storage at 5 °C for 2 weeks or at 10 °C for 1 week. Most of the isolates from the refrigerated surimi were identified as Sporosarcina species. The Sporosarcina isolates have an increased ability to grow at 10 °C than the isolates related to the other endospore-forming bacteria, such as Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, and Paenibacillus species. Endospores of the Sporosarcina isolates were able to germinate and proliferate in a fish-paste product model system stored at 10 °C within 8 days. In order to study the cold-adaptation mechanism of Sporosarcina species, the fatty acid composition of the isolates was analyzed. At the growth temperature of 10 °C, the proportions of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and anteiso to iso fatty acids were higher than those at 28 °C. The alteration of the fatty acid composition suggests that Sporosarcina species adapt to cold by maintaining the fluidity of the cell membrane because unsaturated and anteiso fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated and iso fatty acids, respectively. We concluded that the endospores of Sporosarcina species are widely distributed in surimi, and that they can survive heat-treatment and proliferate during cold-storage in fish-paste products. Controlling Sporosarcina species would contribute to improving the quality of surimi product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tsuda
- Food Development Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 14 Nishinosho-monguchicho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan; Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Nagano
- Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Shima
- Research Division of Microbial Sciences, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Buček A, Matoušková P, Sychrová H, Pichová I, Hrušková-Heidingsfeldová O. Δ12-Fatty acid desaturase from Candida parapsilosis is a multifunctional desaturase producing a range of polyunsaturated and hydroxylated fatty acids. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93322. [PMID: 24681902 PMCID: PMC3969366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous Δ12-, Δ15- and multifunctional membrane fatty acid desaturases (FADs) have been identified in fungi, revealing great variability in the enzymatic specificities of FADs involved in biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Here, we report gene isolation and characterization of novel Δ12/Δ15- and Δ15-FADs named CpFad2 and CpFad3, respectively, from the opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis. Overexpression of CpFad3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains supplemented with linoleic acid (Δ9,Δ12-18:2) and hexadecadienoic acid (Δ9,Δ12-16:2) leads to accumulation of Δ15-PUFAs, i.e., α-linolenic acid (Δ9,Δ12,Δ15-18:3) and hexadecatrienoic acid with an unusual terminal double bond (Δ9,Δ12,Δ15-16:3). CpFad2 produces a range of Δ12- and Δ15-PUFAs. The major products of CpFad2 are linoleic and hexadecadienoic acid (Δ9,Δ12-16:2), accompanied by α-linolenic acid and hexadecatrienoic acid (Δ9,Δ12,Δ15-16:3). Using GC/MS analysis of trimethylsilyl derivatives, we identified ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid) as an additional product of CpFad2. These results demonstrate that CpFAD2 is a multifunctional FAD and indicate that detailed analysis of fatty acid derivatives might uncover a range of enzymatic selectivities in other Δ12-FADs from budding yeasts (Ascomycota: Saccharomycotina).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Buček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Pichová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (IP); (OHH)
| | - Olga Hrušková-Heidingsfeldová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (IP); (OHH)
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