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Kato T, Kano M, Yokomori A, Azegami J, El Enshasy HA, Park EY. Involvement of a flavoprotein, acetohydroxyacid synthase, in growth and riboflavin production in riboflavin-overproducing Ashbya gossypii mutant. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:105. [PMID: 37217979 PMCID: PMC10201721 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we isolated a riboflavin-overproducing Ashbya gossypii mutant (MT strain) and discovered some mutations in genes encoding flavoproteins. Here, we analyzed the riboflavin production in the MT strain, in view of flavoproteins, which are localized in the mitochondria. RESULTS In the MT strain, mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased compared with that in the wild type (WT) strain, resulting in increased reactive oxygen species. Additionally, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a universal flavoprotein inhibitor, inhibited riboflavin production in the WT and MT strains at 50 µM, indicating that some flavoproteins may be involved in riboflavin production. The specific activities of NADH and succinate dehydrogenases were significantly reduced in the MT strain, but those of glutathione reductase and acetohydroxyacid synthase were increased by 4.9- and 25-fold, respectively. By contrast, the expression of AgGLR1 gene encoding glutathione reductase was increased by 32-fold in the MT strain. However, that of AgILV2 gene encoding the catalytic subunit of acetohydroxyacid synthase was increased by only 2.1-fold. These results suggest that in the MT strain, acetohydroxyacid synthase, which catalyzes the first reaction of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, is vital for riboflavin production. The addition of valine, which is a feedback inhibitor of acetohydroxyacid synthase, to a minimal medium inhibited the growth of the MT strain and its riboflavin production. In addition, the addition of branched-chain amino acids enhanced the growth and riboflavin production in the MT strain. CONCLUSION The significance of branched-chain amino acids for riboflavin production in A. gossypii is reported and this study opens a novel approach for the effective production of riboflavin in A. gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Molecular and Biological Function Research Core, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan.
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan.
- Department of Applied Life Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Mai Kano
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ami Yokomori
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Junya Azegami
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hesham A El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Molecular and Biological Function Research Core, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Applied Life Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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Afroz Toma M, Rahman MH, Rahman MS, Arif M, Nazir KHMNH, Dufossé L. Fungal Pigments: Carotenoids, Riboflavin, and Polyketides with Diverse Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040454. [PMID: 37108908 PMCID: PMC10141606 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments and colorants have seen a substantial increase in use over the last few decades due to their eco-friendly and safe properties. Currently, customer preferences for more natural products are driving the substitution of natural pigments for synthetic colorants. Filamentous fungi, particularly ascomycetous fungi (Monascus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus), have been shown to produce secondary metabolites containing a wide variety of pigments, including β-carotene, melanins, azaphilones, quinones, flavins, ankaflavin, monascin, anthraquinone, and naphthoquinone. These pigments produce a variety of colors and tints, including yellow, orange, red, green, purple, brown, and blue. Additionally, these pigments have a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including immunomodulatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities. This review provides an in-depth overview of fungi gathered from diverse sources and lists several probable fungi capable of producing a variety of color hues. The second section discusses how to classify coloring compounds according to their chemical structure, characteristics, biosynthetic processes, application, and present state. Once again, we investigate the possibility of employing fungal polyketide pigments as food coloring, as well as the toxicity and carcinogenicity of particular pigments. This review explores how advanced technologies such as metabolic engineering and nanotechnology can be employed to overcome obstacles associated with the manufacture of mycotoxin-free, food-grade fungal pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Afroz Toma
- Department of Food Technology & Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasibur Rahman
- Department of Food Technology & Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saydar Rahman
- Department of Food Technology & Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | | | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturals, CHEMBIOPRO EA 2212, Université de La Réunion, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, 97744 Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire ANTiOX, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Campus de Créac'h Gwen, 29000 Quimper, France
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Vogt L, Mikó I, Bartolomaeus T. Anatomy and the type concept in biology show that ontologies must be adapted to the diagnostic needs of research. J Biomed Semantics 2022; 13:18. [PMID: 35761389 PMCID: PMC9235205 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-022-00268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In times of exponential data growth in the life sciences, machine-supported approaches are becoming increasingly important and with them the need for FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and eScience-compliant data and metadata standards. Ontologies, with their queryable knowledge resources, play an essential role in providing these standards. Unfortunately, biomedical ontologies only provide ontological definitions that answer What is it? questions, but no method-dependent empirical recognition criteria that answer How does it look? QUESTIONS Consequently, biomedical ontologies contain knowledge of the underlying ontological nature of structural kinds, but often lack sufficient diagnostic knowledge to unambiguously determine the reference of a term. RESULTS We argue that this is because ontology terms are usually textually defined and conceived as essentialistic classes, while recognition criteria often require perception-based definitions because perception-based contents more efficiently document and communicate spatial and temporal information-a picture is worth a thousand words. Therefore, diagnostic knowledge often must be conceived as cluster classes or fuzzy sets. Using several examples from anatomy, we point out the importance of diagnostic knowledge in anatomical research and discuss the role of cluster classes and fuzzy sets as concepts of grouping needed in anatomy ontologies in addition to essentialistic classes. In this context, we evaluate the role of the biological type concept and discuss its function as a general container concept for groupings not covered by the essentialistic class concept. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that many recognition criteria can be conceptualized as text-based cluster classes that use terms that are in turn based on perception-based fuzzy set concepts. Finally, we point out that only if biomedical ontologies model also relevant diagnostic knowledge in addition to ontological knowledge, they will fully realize their potential and contribute even more substantially to the establishment of FAIR and eScience-compliant data and metadata standards in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Vogt
- TIB Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology, Welfengarten 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - István Mikó
- Don Chandler Entomological Collection, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Thomas Bartolomaeus
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Ökologie, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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Vogt L. FAIR data representation in times of eScience: a comparison of instance-based and class-based semantic representations of empirical data using phenotype descriptions as example. J Biomed Semantics 2021; 12:20. [PMID: 34823588 PMCID: PMC8613519 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-021-00254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The size, velocity, and heterogeneity of Big Data outclasses conventional data management tools and requires data and metadata to be fully machine-actionable (i.e., eScience-compliant) and thus findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR). This can be achieved by using ontologies and through representing them as semantic graphs. Here, we discuss two different semantic graph approaches of representing empirical data and metadata in a knowledge graph, with phenotype descriptions as an example. Almost all phenotype descriptions are still being published as unstructured natural language texts, with far-reaching consequences for their FAIRness, substantially impeding their overall usability within the life sciences. However, with an increasing amount of anatomy ontologies becoming available and semantic applications emerging, a solution to this problem becomes available. Researchers are starting to document and communicate phenotype descriptions through the Web in the form of highly formalized and structured semantic graphs that use ontology terms and Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) to circumvent the problems connected with unstructured texts. RESULTS Using phenotype descriptions as an example, we compare and evaluate two basic representations of empirical data and their accompanying metadata in the form of semantic graphs: the class-based TBox semantic graph approach called Semantic Phenotype and the instance-based ABox semantic graph approach called Phenotype Knowledge Graph. Their main difference is that only the ABox approach allows for identifying every individual part and property mentioned in the description in a knowledge graph. This technical difference results in substantial practical consequences that significantly affect the overall usability of empirical data. The consequences affect findability, accessibility, and explorability of empirical data as well as their comparability, expandability, universal usability and reusability, and overall machine-actionability. Moreover, TBox semantic graphs often require querying under entailment regimes, which is computationally more complex. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, from a conceptual point of view, the advantages of the instance-based ABox semantic graph approach outweigh its shortcomings and outweigh the advantages of the class-based TBox semantic graph approach. Therefore, we recommend the instance-based ABox approach as a FAIR approach for documenting and communicating empirical data and metadata in a knowledge graph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Vogt
- TIB Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology, Welfengarten 1B, 30167, Hanover, Germany.
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Kato T, Azegami J, Kano M, El Enshasy HA, Park EY. Effects of sirtuins on the riboflavin production in Ashbya gossypii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7813-7823. [PMID: 34559286 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on sirtuins, which catalyze the reaction of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, for riboflavin production in A. gossypii. Nicotinamide, a known inhibitor of sirtuin, made the color of A. gossypii colonies appear a deeper yellow at 5 mM. A. gossypii has 4 sirtuin genes (AgHST1, AgHST2, AgHST3, AgHST4) and these were disrupted to investigate the role of sirtuins in riboflavin production in A. gossypii. AgHST1∆, AgHST3∆, and AgHST4∆ strains were obtained, but AgHST2∆ was not. The AgHST1∆ and AgHST3∆ strains produced approximately 4.3- and 2.9-fold higher amounts of riboflavin than the WT strain. The AgHST3∆ strain showed a lower human sirtuin 6 (SIRT6)-like activity than the WT strain and only in the AgHST3∆ strain was a higher amount of acetylation of histone H3 K9 and K56 (H3K9ac and H3K56ac) observed compared to the WT strain. These results indicate that AgHst3 is SIRT6-like sirtuin in A. gossypii and the activity has an influence on the riboflavin production in A. gossypii. In the presence of 5 mM hydroxyurea and 50 µM camptothecin, which causes DNA damage, especially double-strand DNA breaks, the color of the WT strain colonies turned a deeper yellow. Additionally, hydroxyurea significantly led to the production of approximately 1.5 higher amounts of riboflavin and camptothecin also enhanced the riboflavin production even through the significant difference was not detected. Camptothecin tended to increase the amount of H3K56ac, but the amount of H3K56ac was not increased by hydroxyurea treatment. This study revealed that AgHst1 and AgHst3 are involved in the riboflavin production in A. gossypii through NAD metabolism and the acetylation of H3, respectively. This new finding is a step toward clarifying the role of sirtuins in riboflavin over-production by A. gossypii.Key points• Nicotinamide enhanced the riboflavin production in Ashbya gossypii.• Disruption of AgHST1 or AgHST3 gene also enhanced the riboflavin production in Ashbya gossypii.• Acetylation of H3K56 led to the enhancement of the riboflavin production in Ashbya gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan. .,Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan. .,Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Junya Azegami
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mai Kano
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hesham A El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kato T, Yokomori A, Suzuki R, Azegami J, El Enshasy HA, Park EY. Effects of a proteasome inhibitor on the riboflavin production in Ashbya gossypii. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1176-1184. [PMID: 34496097 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Effects of a proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, on the riboflavin production in Ashbya gossypii were investigated to elucidate the relationship of the riboflavin production with flavoprotein homeostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS The addition of MG-132 to the liquid medium reduced the specific riboflavin production by 79% in A. gossypii at 25 μM after 24 h. The addition of the inhibitor also caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and ubiquitinated proteins. These results indicated that MG-132 works in A. gossypii without any genetic engineering and reduces riboflavin production. In the presence of 25 μM MG-132, specific NADH dehydrogenase activity was increased by 1.4-fold compared to DMSO, but specific succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was decreased to 52% compared to DMSO. Additionally, the amount of AgSdh1p (ACR052Wp) was also reduced. Specific riboflavin production was reduced to 22% when 20 mM malonate, a SDH inhibitor, was added to the culture medium. The riboflavin production in heterozygous AgSDH1 gene-disrupted mutant (AgSDH1-/+ ) was reduced to 63% compared to that in wild type. CONCLUSIONS MG-132 suppresses the riboflavin production and SDH activity in A. gossypii. SDH is one of the flavoproteins involved in the riboflavin production in A. gossypii. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that MG-132 has a negative influence on the riboflavin production and SDH activity in A. gossypii and leads to the elucidation of the connection of the riboflavin production with flavoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ami Yokomori
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Riho Suzuki
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Junya Azegami
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hesham A El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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Zhao G, Dong F, Lao X, Zheng H. Strategies to Increase the Production of Biosynthetic Riboflavin. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:909-918. [PMID: 34156642 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin is widely regarded as an essential nutrient that is involved in biological oxidation in vivo. In addition to preventing and treating acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in patients with keratitis, stomatitis, and glossitis, riboflavin is also closely related to the treatment of radiation mucositis and cardiovascular disease. Chemical synthesis has been the dominant method for producing riboflavin for approximately 50 years. Nevertheless, due to the intricate synthesis process, relatively high cost, and high risk of pollution, alternative methods of chemical syntheses, such as the fermentation method, began to develop and eventually became the main methods for producing riboflavin. At present, there are three types of strains used in industrial riboflavin production: Ashbya gossypii, Candida famata, and Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, many recent studies have been conducted on Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus. Fermentation increases the yield of riboflavin using genetic engineering technology to modify and induce riboflavin production in the strain, as well as to regulate the metabolic flux of the purine pathway and pentose phosphate pathway (PP pathway), thereby optimizing the culture process. This article briefly introduces recent progress in the fermentation of riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanyi Dong
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhen Lao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Kato T, Azegami J, Yokomori A, Dohra H, El Enshasy HA, Park EY. Genomic analysis of a riboflavin-overproducing Ashbya gossypii mutant isolated by disparity mutagenesis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:319. [PMID: 32326906 PMCID: PMC7181572 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ashbya gossypii naturally overproduces riboflavin and has been utilized for industrial riboflavin production. To improve riboflavin production, various approaches have been developed. In this study, to investigate the change in metabolism of a riboflavin-overproducing mutant, namely, the W122032 strain (MT strain) that was isolated by disparity mutagenesis, genomic analysis was carried out. RESULTS In the genomic analysis, 33 homozygous and 1377 heterozygous mutations in the coding sequences of the genome of MT strain were detected. Among these heterozygous mutations, the proportion of mutated reads in each gene was different, ranging from 21 to 75%. These results suggest that the MT strain may contain multiple nuclei containing different mutations. We tried to isolate haploid spores from the MT strain to prove its ploidy, but this strain did not sporulate under the conditions tested. Heterozygous mutations detected in genes which are important for sporulation likely contribute to the sporulation deficiency of the MT strain. Homozygous and heterozygous mutations were found in genes encoding enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism, the TCA cycle, purine and pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism and the DNA mismatch repair system. One homozygous mutation in AgILV2 gene encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase, which is also a flavoprotein in mitochondria, was found. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed heterozygous mutations in all 22 DNA helicase genes and genes involved in oxidation-reduction process. CONCLUSION This study suggests that oxidative stress and the aging of cells were involved in the riboflavin over-production in A. gossypii riboflavin over-producing mutant and provides new insights into riboflavin production in A. gossypii and the usefulness of disparity mutagenesis for the creation of new types of mutants for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Junya Azegami
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ami Yokomori
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Dohra
- Instrumental Research Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hesham A. El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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Liu S, Hu W, Wang Z, Chen T. Production of riboflavin and related cofactors by biotechnological processes. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:31. [PMID: 32054466 PMCID: PMC7017516 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin (RF) and its active forms, the cofactors flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), have been extensively used in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries. Modern commercial production of riboflavin is based on microbial fermentation, but the established genetically engineered production strains are facing new challenges due to safety concerns in the food and feed additives industry. High yields of flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide have been obtained using whole-cell biocatalysis processes. However, the necessity of adding expensive precursors results in high production costs. Consequently, developing microbial cell factories that are capable of efficiently producing flavin nucleotides at low cost is an increasingly attractive approach. The biotechnological processes for the production of RF and its cognate cofactors are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenya Hu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
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10
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Tian S, Teng M, Meng Z, Yan S, Jia M, Li R, Liu L, Yan J, Zhou Z, Zhu W. Toxicity effects in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) induced by prothioconazole. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113269. [PMID: 31574395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides are widely used in agriculture production and have adverse impacts on aquatic organisms. As one of the triazole fungicides, prothioconazole has been reported to cause many toxicological effects, but its risks to aquatic organisms are unknown. In this study, we systematically explored the toxicity effects of prothioconazole exposure on zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) involving in developmental toxicity, oxidative damage and metabolism disorders. The results showed that prothioconazole exposure to zebrafish embryos produced a series of toxic symptoms, including hatching inhibition, shortening of body length, pericardial cyst and yolk cyst. In addition, prothioconazole exposure caused significant lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage. Particularly, we also found that metabolites and genes involved in lipid metabolism also showed significant changes. This study may provide theoretical basis for systematically assessing the potential risks of zebrafish embryos with prothioconazole exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinuo Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Fu J, Gong Z, Bae S. Assessment of the effect of methyl-triclosan and its mixture with triclosan on developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:186-196. [PMID: 30677650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-triclosan (MTCS), as a biodegradation product from antibacterial triclosan (TCS), has been detected in water catchments, and it has also been verified to accumulate in biota due to its hydrophobicity. There is a lack, however, of toxicity studies on MTCS and its effects on organisms in conjunction with TCS. In this study, exposure experiments were conducted to assess the toxicity to embryonic zebrafish of selected concentrations of MTCS (from 1 ng/L to 400 μg/L) and MTCS/TCS mixtures (from 1 μg/L TCS and 100 ng/L MTCS to 300 μg/L TCS and 30 μg/L MTCS). Specimens were extracted using acetonitrile: isopropanol: water (3:3:2; v/v/v) and then analyzed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the metabolites based on the Fiehn library database. The results showed that MTCS exposure led to the alterations of the metabolomes of the zebrafish embryos, including level changes of l-valine, d-mannose, d-glucose, and other metabolites. Multivariate analysis (PCA, PLS-DA, sPLS-DA) and univariate analysis (one-way ANOVA) indicated differences between the control and exposure groups of the metabolites, indicating that biological pathways, such as amino acid synthesis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), starch and sucrose metabolism were influenced. Moreover, when the embryos were exposed to a mix of TCS and MTCS, TCS dominated the mixture's effect on biological pathways because the concentration ratio within the mixture, which mimics environmental ratio of 10 TCS : 1 MTCS, leads to high bioavailability of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sungwoo Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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Correia DM, Sargo CR, Silva AJ, Santos ST, Giordano RC, Ferreira EC, Zangirolami TC, Ribeiro MPA, Rocha I. Mapping Salmonella typhimurium pathways using 13C metabolic flux analysis. Metab Eng 2019; 52:303-314. [PMID: 30529284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, Salmonella has been extensively studied not only due to its importance as a pathogen, but also as a host to produce pharmaceutical compounds. However, the full exploitation of Salmonella as a platform for bioproduct delivery has been hampered by the lack of information about its metabolism. Genome-scale metabolic models can be valuable tools to delineate metabolic engineering strategies as long as they closely represent the actual metabolism of the target organism. In the present study, a 13C-MFA approach was applied to map the fluxes at the central carbon pathways of S. typhimurium LT2 growing at glucose-limited chemostat cultures. The experiments were carried out in a 2L bioreactor, using defined medium enriched with 20% 13C-labeled glucose. Metabolic flux distributions in central carbon pathways of S. typhimurium LT2 were estimated using OpenFLUX2 based on the labeling pattern of biomass protein hydrolysates together with biomass composition. The results suggested that pentose phosphate is used to catabolize glucose, with minor fluxes through glycolysis. In silico simulations, using Optflux and pFBA as simulation method, allowed to study the performance of the genome-scale metabolic model. In general, the accuracy of in silico simulations was improved by the superimposition of estimated intracellular fluxes to the existing genome-scale metabolic model, showing a better fitting to the experimental extracellular fluxes, whereas the intracellular fluxes of pentose phosphate and anaplerotic reactions were poorly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Correia
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Cintia R Sargo
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Adilson J Silva
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Sophia T Santos
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus De Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Roberto C Giordano
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Eugénio C Ferreira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus De Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Teresa C Zangirolami
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P A Ribeiro
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Isabel Rocha
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus De Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal.
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Schwechheimer SK, Becker J, Peyriga L, Portais JC, Wittmann C. Metabolic flux analysis in Ashbya gossypii using 13C-labeled yeast extract: industrial riboflavin production under complex nutrient conditions. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:162. [PMID: 30326916 PMCID: PMC6190667 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fungus Ashbya gossypii is an important industrial producer of the vitamin riboflavin. Using this microbe, riboflavin is manufactured in a two-stage process based on a rich medium with vegetable oil, yeast extract and different precursors: an initial growth and a subsequent riboflavin production phase. So far, our knowledge on the intracellular metabolic fluxes of the fungus in this complex process is limited, but appears highly relevant to better understand and rationally engineer the underlying metabolism. To quantify intracellular fluxes of growing and riboflavin producing A. gossypii, studies with different 13C tracers were embedded into a framework of experimental design, isotopic labeling analysis by MS and NMR techniques, and model-based data processing. The studies included the use 13C of yeast extract, a key component used in the process. Results During growth, the TCA cycle was found highly active, whereas the cells exhibited a low flux through gluconeogenesis as well as pentose phosphate pathway. Yeast extract was the main carbon donor for anabolism, while vegetable oil selectively contributed to the proteinogenic amino acids glutamate, aspartate, and alanine. During the subsequent riboflavin biosynthetic phase, the carbon flux through the TCA cycle remained high. Regarding riboflavin formation, most of the vitamin’s carbon originated from rapeseed oil (81 ± 1%), however extracellular glycine and yeast extract also contributed with 9 ± 0% and 8 ± 0%, respectively. In addition, advanced yeast extract-based building blocks such as guanine and GTP were directly incorporated into the vitamin. Conclusion Intracellular carbon fluxes for growth and riboflavin production on vegetable oil provide the first flux insight into a fungus on complex industrial medium. The knowledge gained therefrom is valuable for further strain and process improvement. Yeast extract, while being the main carbon source during growth, contributes valuable building blocks to the synthesis of vitamin B2. This highlights the importance of careful selection of the right yeast extract for a process based on its unique composition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1003-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Becker
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lindsay Peyriga
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, Toulouse, France.,INRA, UMR792 Ingénerie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, Toulouse, France.,INRA, UMR792 Ingénerie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Schwechheimer SK, Becker J, Peyriga L, Portais JC, Sauer D, Müller R, Hoff B, Haefner S, Schröder H, Zelder O, Wittmann C. Improved riboflavin production with Ashbya gossypii from vegetable oil based on 13C metabolic network analysis with combined labeling analysis by GC/MS, LC/MS, 1D, and 2D NMR. Metab Eng 2018; 47:357-373. [PMID: 29654833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Ashbya gossypii is an important industrial producer of riboflavin, i.e. vitamin B2. In order to meet the constantly increasing demands for improved production processes, it appears essential to better understand the underlying metabolic pathways of the vitamin. Here, we used a highly sophisticated set-up of parallel 13C tracer studies with labeling analysis by GC/MS, LC/MS, 1D, and 2D NMR to resolve carbon fluxes in the overproducing strain A. gossypii B2 during growth and subsequent riboflavin production from vegetable oil as carbon source, yeast extract, and supplemented glycine. The studies provided a detailed picture of the underlying metabolism. Glycine was exclusively used as carbon-two donor of the vitamin's pyrimidine ring, which is part of its isoalloxazine ring structure, but did not contribute to the carbon-one metabolism due to the proven absence of a functional glycine cleavage system. The pools of serine and glycine were closely connected due to a highly reversible serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Transmembrane formate flux simulations revealed that the one-carbon metabolism displayed a severe bottleneck during initial riboflavin production, which was overcome in later phases of the cultivation by intrinsic formate accumulation. The transiently limiting carbon-one pool was successfully replenished by time-resolved feeding of small amounts of formate and serine, respectively. This increased the intracellular availability of glycine, serine, and formate and resulted in a final riboflavin titer increase of 45%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Becker
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Lindsay Peyriga
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792 Ingénerie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792 Ingénerie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Sauer
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Birgit Hoff
- BASF SE, White Biotechnology Research, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Haefner
- BASF SE, White Biotechnology Research, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Oskar Zelder
- BASF SE, White Biotechnology Research, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Díaz-Fernández D, Lozano-Martínez P, Buey RM, Revuelta JL, Jiménez A. Utilization of xylose by engineered strains of Ashbya gossypii for the production of microbial oils. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:3. [PMID: 28053663 PMCID: PMC5209892 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ashbya gossypii is a filamentous fungus that is currently exploited for the industrial production of riboflavin. The utilization of A. gossypii as a microbial biocatalyst is further supported by its ability to grow in low-cost feedstocks, inexpensive downstream processing and the availability of an ease to use molecular toolbox for genetic and genomic modifications. Consequently, A. gossypii has been also introduced as an ideal biotechnological chassis for the production of inosine, folic acid, and microbial oils. However, A. gossypii cannot use xylose, the most common pentose in hydrolysates of plant biomass. RESULTS In this work, we aimed at designing A. gossypii strains able to utilize xylose as the carbon source for the production of biolipids. An endogenous xylose utilization pathway was identified and overexpressed, resulting in an A. gossypii xylose-metabolizing strain showing prominent conversion rates of xylose to xylitol (up to 97% after 48 h). In addition, metabolic flux channeling from xylulose-5-phosphate to acetyl-CoA, using aheterologous phosphoketolase pathway, increased the lipid content in the xylose-metabolizing strain a 54% over the parental strain growing in glucose-based media. This increase raised to 69% when lipid accumulation was further boosted by blocking the beta-oxidation pathway. CONCLUSIONS Ashbya gossypii has been engineered for the utilization of xylose. We present here a proof-of-concept study for the production of microbial oils from xylose in A. gossypii, thus introducing a novel biocatalyst with very promising properties in developing consolidated bioprocessing to produce fine chemicals and biofuels from xylose-rich hydrolysates of plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Patricia Lozano-Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rubén M. Buey
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Revuelta
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Aguiar TQ, Silva R, Domingues L. New biotechnological applications for Ashbya gossypii: Challenges and perspectives. Bioengineered 2016; 8:309-315. [PMID: 27791453 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1234543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii has long been considered a paradigm of the White Biotechnology in what concerns riboflavin production. Its industrial relevance led to the development of a significant molecular and in silico modeling toolbox for its manipulation. This, together with the increasing knowledge of its genome and metabolism has helped designing effective metabolic engineering strategies for optimizing riboflavin production, but also for developing new A. gossypii strains for novel biotechnological applications, such as production of recombinant proteins, single cell oils (SCOs), and flavour compounds. With the recent availability of its genome-scale metabolic model, the exploration of the full biotechnological potential of A. gossypii is now in the spotlight. Here, we will discuss some of the challenges that these emerging A. gossypii applications still need to overcome to become economically attractive and will present future perspectives for these and other possible biotechnological applications for A. gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Q Aguiar
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Rui Silva
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Lucília Domingues
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
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Production of valuable compounds by molds and yeasts. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 70:347-360. [PMID: 27731337 PMCID: PMC7094691 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We are pleased to dedicate this paper to Dr Julian E Davies. Julian is a giant among microbial biochemists. He began his professional career as an organic chemistry PhD student at Nottingham University, moved on to a postdoctoral fellowship at Columbia University, then became a lecturer at the University of Manchester, followed by a fellowship in microbial biochemistry at Harvard Medical School. In 1965, he studied genetics at the Pasteur Institute, and 2 years later joined the University of Wisconsin in the Department of Biochemistry. He later became part of Biogen as Research Director and then President. After Biogen, Julian became Chair of the Department of Microbiology at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, where he has contributed in a major way to the reputation of this department for many years. He also served as an Adjunct Professor at the University of Geneva. Among Julian’s areas of study and accomplishment are fungal toxins including α-sarcin, chemical synthesis of triterpenes, mode of action of streptomycin and other aminoglycoside antibiotics, biochemical mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of bacteria harboring resistance plasmids, their origins and evolution, secondary metabolism of microorganisms, structure and function of bacterial ribosomes, antibiotic resistance mutations in yeast ribosomes, cloning of resistance genes from an antibiotic-producing microbe, gene cloning for industrial purposes, engineering of herbicide resistance in useful crops, bleomycin-resistance gene in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and many other topics. He has been an excellent teacher, lecturing in both English and French around the world, and has organized international courses. Julian has also served on the NIH study sections, as Editor for several international journals, and was one of the founders of the journal Plasmid. We expect the impact of Julian’s accomplishments to continue into the future.
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Bioproduction of riboflavin: a bright yellow history. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 44:659-665. [PMID: 27696023 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient for humans and animals that must be obtained from the diet. To ensure an optimal supply, riboflavin is used on a large scale as additive in the food and feed industries. Here, we describe a historical overview of the industrial process of riboflavin production starting from its discovery and the need to produce the vitamin in bulk at prices that would allow for their use in human and animal nutrition. Riboflavin was produced industrially by chemical synthesis for many decades. At present, the development of economical and eco-efficient fermentation processes, which are mainly based on Bacillus subtilis and Ashbya gossypii strains, has replaced the synthetic process at industrial scale. A detailed account is given of the development of the riboflavin overproducer strains as well as future prospects for its improvement.
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Biotechnology of riboflavin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:2107-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Horvat P, Koller M, Braunegg G. Recent advances in elementary flux modes and yield space analysis as useful tools in metabolic network studies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1315-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Becker J, Wittmann C. Advanced Biotechnology: Metabolically Engineered Cells for the Bio-Based Production of Chemicals and Fuels, Materials, and Health-Care Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3328-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Biotechnologie von Morgen: metabolisch optimierte Zellen für die bio-basierte Produktion von Chemikalien und Treibstoffen, Materialien und Gesundheitsprodukten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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