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Kadiri M, Sevugapperumal N, Nallusamy S, Ragunathan J, Ganesan MV, Alfarraj S, Ansari MJ, Sayyed RZ, Lim HR, Show PL. Pan-genome analysis and molecular docking unveil the biocontrol potential of Bacillus velezensis VB7 against Phytophthora infestans. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127277. [PMID: 36577205 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Management of late blight of potato incited by Phytophthora infestans remains a major challenge. Coevolution of pathogen with resistant strains and the rise of fungicide resistance have made it more challenging to prevent the spread of P. infestans. Here, the anti-oomycete potential of Bacillus velezensis VB7 against P. infestans through pan-genome analysis and molecular docking were explored. The Biocontrol potential of VB7 against P. infestans was assessed using a confrontational assay. The biomolecules from the inhibition zone were identified and subjected to in silico analysis against P. infestans target proteins. Nucleotide sequences for 54 B. velezensis strains from different geographical locations were used for pan-genome analysis. The confrontational assay revealed the anti-oomycetes potential of VB7 against P. infestans. Molecular docking confirmed that the penicillamine disulfide had the maximum binding energy with eight effector proteins of P. infestans. Besides, scanning electron microscopic observations of P. infestans interaction with VB7 revealed structural changes in hypha and sporangia. Pan-genome analysis between 54 strains of B. velezensis confirmed that the core genome had 2226 genes, and it has an open pan-genome. The present study confirmed the anti-oomycete potential of B. velezensis VB7 against P. infestans and paved the way to explore the genetic potential of VB7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Kadiri
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Nakkeeran Sevugapperumal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.
| | - Saranya Nallusamy
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Janani Ragunathan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Malathi Varagur Ganesan
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College, Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), 244001, India.
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Asian PGPR Society, Department of Entomology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Hooi Ren Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, India 602105.
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Pudding Proteomics: Cyclomaltodextrin Glucanotransferase and Microbial Proteases Can Liquefy Extended Shelf Life Dairy Products. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030254. [PMID: 35323697 PMCID: PMC8950887 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a lack of stability of dairy products with extended shelf life (e.g., yoghurt products, UHT desserts) has occurred, with the corresponding products liquefying significantly after days or weeks. This project aimed to identify the enzymes responsible for the liquefaction of the affected products based on differential proteomic analyses. No evidence was found for the presence of starch-degrading bacteria in the affected products. With zymography and proteome analysis, we detected the cause of liquefaction in a pudding by contamination of its aroma component with an engineered amylolytic enzyme, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes. In addition, we detected contamination with Pseudomonas-derived proteolytic ATP-dependent Clp protease in one pudding batch and proteases in technically used amylases, which degraded β-caseins in another batch. Identification of these agents with liquefying properties in dairy products are useful for adjustment of production protocols and/or composition of additives, and thus shelf life extension.
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Muniasamy R, Balamurugan BS, Rajamahendran D, Rathnasamy S. Switchable deep eutectic solvent driven micellar extractive fermentation of ultrapure fibrin digesting enzyme from Bacillus subtilis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:903. [PMID: 35042908 PMCID: PMC8766521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinolytic protease (FLP) is a therapeutic enzyme used in the treatment of thrombolytic diseases. The present study proposed the concept of pH-driven swappable micellar two-phase extraction for the concurrent production and purification of FLP from Bacillus subtilis at cloud point extraction. Extractive fermentation was carried out with a pH swap mechanism and FLP was extracted to the top phase by surfactant deep eutectic solvents (SDES). Shrimp waste was chosen as a sustainable low-cost substrate that yielded a maximum protease of 185 U/mg. Six SDESs were synthesized with nonionic surfactants as hydrogen bond donors and quaternary ammonium salts as hydrogen bond acceptors and their association was confirmed by H1 NMR. Thermophysical investigation of the synthetic SDES was accomplished as a function of temperature. Response surface methodology for extractive fermentation was performed with the concentration of SADES (35% w/v), Na2SO4 (15% w/v) and pH (6.3) as variables and the enzyme activity (248 IU/mg) as a response. Furthermore, purification using gel filtration chromatography was used to quantify the amount of enzyme obtained in the extraction phase (849 IU/ml). After final purification with an anion exchange column, the maximum purity fold (22.32) with enzyme activity (1172 IU/ml) was achieved. The in-vitro fibrinolytic activity has been confirmed using a fibrin plate assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Muniasamy
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed To Be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Bhavani Sowndharya Balamurugan
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed To Be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Devi Rajamahendran
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed To Be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Senthilkumar Rathnasamy
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed To Be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
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Enhanced recovery of astaxanthin from recombinant Kluyveromyces marxianus with ultrasonication-assisted alcohol/salt aqueous biphasic system. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:513-518. [PMID: 34479804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial astaxanthin with strong antioxidant activity is greatly demanded for diverse applications. Extractive disruption in aqueous biphasic system (ABS) integrates the cells disruption and biomolecules recovery processes in one-step operation, allowing the direct recovery of intracellular biomolecules with biphasic system upon released from cells. In this study, astaxanthin was recovered from recombinant Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast cells via extractive disruption using alcohol/salt ABS. Recombinant K. marxianus yeast is engineered to produce high concentration of free form astaxanthin. Highest partition coefficient (K = 90.02 ± 2.25) and yield (Y = 96.80% ± 0.05) of astaxanthin were obtained with ABS composed of 20% (w/w) 1-propanol and 20% (w/w) sodium citrate of pH 5, 0.5% (w/w) yeast cells loading and additional of 1% (w/w) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (Bmim)BF4 to improve the migration of astaxanthin to alcohol-rich top phase. The incorporation of 2.5 h of ultrasonication to the biphasic system further enhanced the astaxanthin recovery in ABS. The direct recovery of astaxanthin from recombinant K. marxianus cells was demonstrated with the ultrasonication-assisted alcohol/salt ABS which integrates the extraction and concentration of astaxanthin in a single-step operation.
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Charan TR, Bhutto MA, Bhutto MA, Tunio AA, Khuhro GM, Khaskheli SA, Mughal AA. “Nanomaterials of curcumin-hyaluronic acid”: their various methods of formulations, clinical and therapeutic applications, present gap, and future directions. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Nanomaterials of curcumin with hyaluronic acid have gained a lot of attention for potential therapeutic applications of curcumin and hyaluronic acid with or without other additional drugs. Overall studies of curcumin and hyaluronic acid show that nanomaterials of curcumin with hyaluronic acid accelerate the efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of various disorders like arthritis, cancer, hepatic fibrosis, neural disorders, wound healing, and skin regeneration, it is largely due to the combined effect of hyaluronic acid and curcumin. However, due to limited clinical trials and experiments on humans and animals, there is a substantial gap in research for the safety and efficacy of nanomaterials of curcumin-hyaluronic acid in the treatment of curcumin and hyaluronic acid targeted diseases and disorders.
Main body of the abstract
In this current review, we have first described various reported synthetic nanomaterials of curcumin-hyaluronic acid, then in the next section, we have described various fields, disorders, and diseases where these are being applied and in the final section of this review, we discussed the research gap, and future research directions needed to propose the fabricated nanocurcumin-hyaluronic acid biomaterials.
Short conclusion
There are substantial gaps in research for the safety and efficacy of nanomaterials of curcumin with hyaluronic acid due to limited available data of clinical trials and experiments of nanocurcumin-hyaluronic acid biomaterials on humans and animals. So, it entirely requires serious and committed efforts through the well-organized system of practical and clinical trials which provide results, data, and detections that lead to the formulation of the best drug from curcumin with hyaluronic acid for the treatment of curcumin and hyaluronic acid targeted diseases and disorders.
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Ng HS, Kee PE, Yim HS, Tan JS, Chow YH, Lan JCW. Characterization of alcohol/salt aqueous two-phase system for optimal separation of gallic acids. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:537-542. [PMID: 33674222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a hydrophilic polyphenol which is noteworthy for strong antioxidant capacity. The drawbacks of conventional extraction approaches such as time-consuming and high processing cost are often viewed as a hurdle to extract GA from plant sources in industrial scale. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a separation approach which can be employed as an alternative to the conventional approaches. The partition behaviour of GA in an alcohol/salt ATPS was investigated in this study to aid the development of industrial scale ATPS to extract GA from natural sources. The separation of GA was characterized by determining the types of alcohol and salt, phase composition, sample load, pH of the system and addition of adjuvants applied in the alcohol/salt ATPS construction. The hydrophilic GA was targeted to the salt-rich phase of the alcohol/salt ATPS with a partition coefficient (KGA) of 25.00 ± 0.00. The optimum condition of ATPS for the maximum partition of GA was achieved in ATPS comprised of 24% (w/w) 1-propanol and 22% (w/w) phosphate salt at pH 8 with 5% (w/w) of 1 mg/mL sample loading and 2% (w/w) NaCl addition. The findings suggest that ATPS can be applied for separation of GA from various natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Suan Ng
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Phei Er Kee
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hip Seng Yim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yin Hui Chow
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Information and Technology, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - John Chi-Wei Lan
- Biorefinery and Bioprocessing Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Lin YK, Show PL, Yap YJ, Ariff A, Annuar MSBM, Lai OM, Ling TC, Ng EP. Extractive Bioconversion of Gamma-Cyclodextrin and Recycling of Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase in Liquid Biphasic System Using Thermo-Separating Polymer. Front Chem 2018; 6:448. [PMID: 30345267 PMCID: PMC6182088 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An extractive bioconversion conducted on soluble starch with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) enzyme in ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EOPO)/potassium phosphates liquid biphasic system (LBS) to extract gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was examined. A range of EOPO (with potassium phosphates) molecular weights was screen to investigate the effect of the latter on the partioning efficency of CGTase and γ-CD. The results show that the optimal top phase γ-CD yield (74.4%) was reached in 35.0% (w/w) EOPO 970 and 10.0% (w/w) potassium phosphate with 2.0% (w/w) sodium chloride. A theoretical explanation for the effect of NaCl on γ-CD was also presented. After a 2 h bioconversion process, a total of 0.87 mg/mL concentration of γ-CD was produced in the EOPO/ phosphates LBS top phase. After the extraction of top phase from LBS, four continuous repetitive batches were successfully conducted with relative CGTase activity of 1.00, 0.86, 0.45, and 0.40 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kiat Lin
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Yee Jiun Yap
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya Ariff
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Oi Ming Lai
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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Phong WN, Show PL, Chow YH, Ling TC. Recovery of biotechnological products using aqueous two phase systems. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:273-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chia SR, Show PL, Phang SM, Ling TC, Ong HC. Sustainable approach in phlorotannin recovery from macroalgae. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:220-225. [PMID: 29673988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, alcohol/salt liquid biphasic system was used to extract phlorotannin from brown macroalgae. Liquid biphasic system is a new green technology that integrated with various processes into one-step, by concentrating, separating and purifying the bioproduct in a unit operation. The solvent used is non-toxic and there is potential for solvent recovery which is beneficial to the environment. Phlorotannin is a bioactive compound that has gained much attention due to its health beneficial effect. Therefore, the isolation of phlorotannin is lucrative as it contains various biological activities that are capable to be utilised into food and pharmaceutical application. By using 2-propanol/ammonium sulphate system, the highest recovery of phlorotannin was 76.1% and 91.67% with purification factor of 2.49 and 1.59 from Padina australis and Sargassum binderi, respectively. A recycling study was performed and the salt phase of system was recycled where maximum salt recovery of 41.04% and 72.39% could be obtained from systems containing P. australis and S. binderi, respectively. Similar recovery of phlorotannin was observed after performing two cycles of the system, this concludes that the system has good recyclability and eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Reen Chia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Bioseparation Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Bioseparation Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chen J, Ding Z, Pan H, Cao X. Development of pH-responsive polymer and citrate aqueous two-phase system for extractive bioconversion of cefprozil. Talanta 2017; 174:256-264. [PMID: 28738576 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A pH-responsive aqueous two-phase system (pH-ATPS) has been developed by sodium citrate and a recyclable pH-responsive polymer PADB6.8 that can response to the change of pH values. Phase separation mechanism is studied through Low field-NMR. All variables affecting the phase separation are evaluated. Phase characteristics (viscosity, density, interfacial tension) and phase separation kinetic are studied for understanding of separation process and operational parameters in applications. This pH-ATPS has the characters of low interfacial tension, high recovery leading efficient mass transfer and low cost. The proposed system can be used as a mild medium for extractive bioconversion with low cost. We applied this pH-ATPS in extractive bioconversion of cefprozil. Cefprozil is partitioned towards the polymer-rich phase while the substrates tended to be partitioned in the salt-rich phase. Extractive bioconversion of cefprozil in this pH-ATPS can improve yield of the enzymatic process and reduce the product hydrolysis in optimal conditions. The maximal conversion yield of cefprozil in the studied system is 91.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ding
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hongxia Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuejun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Leong YK, Lan JCW, Loh HS, Ling TC, Ooi CW, Show PL. Cloud-point extraction of green-polymers from Cupriavidus necator lysate using thermoseparating-based aqueous two-phase extraction. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 123:370-375. [PMID: 27745851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a class of renewable and biodegradable green polymers, have gained attraction as a potential substitute for the conventional plastics due to the increasing concern towards environmental pollution as well as the rapidly depleting petroleum reserve. Nevertheless, the high cost of downstream processing of PHA has been a bottleneck for the wide adoption of PHAs. Among the options of PHAs recovery techniques, aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) outshines the others by having the advantages of providing a mild environment for bioseparation, being green and non-toxic, the capability to handle a large operating volume and easily scaled-up. Utilizing unique properties of thermo-responsive polymer which has decreasing solubility in its aqueous solution as the temperature rises, cloud point extraction (CPE) is an ATPE technique that allows its phase-forming component to be recycled and reused. A thorough literature review has shown that this is the first time isolation and recovery of PHAs from Cupriavidus necator H16 via CPE was reported. The optimum condition for PHAs extraction (recovery yield of 94.8% and purification factor of 1.42 fold) was achieved under the conditions of 20 wt/wt % ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EOPO) with molecular weight of 3900 g/mol and 10 mM of sodium chloride addition at thermoseparating temperature of 60°C with crude feedstock limit of 37.5 wt/wt %. Recycling and reutilization of EOPO 3900 can be done at least twice with satisfying yield and PF. CPE has been demonstrated as an effective technique for the extraction of PHAs from microbial crude culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - John Chi-Wei Lan
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan Ze University, No. 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-San Loh
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Biotechnology Research Centre, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Molecular Pharming and Bioproduction Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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