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Martins TM, Bento A, Martins C, Tomé AS, Moreira CJS, Silva Pereira C. Bringing up to date the toolkit for the catabolism of aromatic compounds in fungi: The unexpected 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene central pathway. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14371. [PMID: 38064205 PMCID: PMC10832562 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Saprophytic fungi are able to catabolize many plant-derived aromatics, including, for example, gallate. The catabolism of gallate in fungi is assumed to depend on the five main central pathways, i.e., of the central intermediates' catechol, protocatechuate, hydroxyquinol, homogentisate and gentisate, but a definitive demonstration is lacking. To shed light on this process, we analysed the transcriptional reprogramming of the growth of Aspergillus terreus on gallate compared with acetate as the control condition. Surprisingly, the results revealed that the five main central pathways did not exhibit significant positive regulation. Instead, an in-depth analysis identified four highly expressed and upregulated genes that are part of a conserved gene cluster found in numerous species of fungi, though not in Aspergilli. The cluster comprises a monooxygenase gene and a fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase-like gene, which are recognized as key components of catabolic pathways responsible for aromatic compound degradation. The other two genes encode proteins with no reported enzymatic activities. Through functional analyses of gene deletion mutants in Aspergillus nidulans, the conserved short protein with no known domains could be linked to the conversion of the novel metabolite 5-hydroxydienelatone, whereas the DUF3500 gene likely encodes a ring-cleavage enzyme for 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene. These significant findings establish the existence of a new 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene central pathway for the catabolism of gallate and related compounds (e.g. 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoate) in numerous fungi where this catabolic gene cluster was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M. Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA)OeirasPortugal
| | - Artur Bento
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA)OeirasPortugal
| | - Celso Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA)OeirasPortugal
- Present address:
Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ana S. Tomé
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA)OeirasPortugal
| | - Carlos J. S. Moreira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA)OeirasPortugal
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA)OeirasPortugal
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Tang X, Liu CL, Chen YY, Wei Y, Zhuang XY, Xiao Q, Chen J, Chen FQ, Yang QM, Weng HF, Fang BS, Zhang YH, Xiao AF. Combination of simultaneous extraction–hydrolysis and intermittent feeding of tara pod for efficient production of gallic acid. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ordaz-Pérez D, Fuentes-Garibay JA, Guerrero-Olazarán M, Viader-Salvadó JM. Sequence Engineering of an Aspergillus niger Tannase to Produce in Pichia pastoris a Single-Chain Enzyme with High Specific Activity. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:388-400. [PMID: 34655039 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tannin acyl hydrolases or tannases (E.C.3.1.1.20) are enzymes that hydrolyze the ester bond of tannins to produce gallic acid and glucose. We engineered the Aspergillus niger GH1 tannase sequence and Pichia pastoris strains to produce and secrete the enzyme as a single-chain protein. The recombinant tannase was N-glycosylated, had a molecular mass after N-deglycosylation of 65.4 kDa, and showed activity over broad pH and temperature ranges, with optimum pH and temperature of 5.0 and 20 °C. Furthermore, the single-chain tannase had an 11-fold increased specific activity in comparison to the double-chain A. niger GH1 tannase, which was also produced in P. pastoris. Structural analysis suggested that the high specific activity may be due to the presence of a flexible loop in the lid domain, which can control and drive the substrate to the active site. In contrast, the low specific activity of the double-chain tannase may be due to the presence of a disordered and flexible loop that could hinder the substrate's access to the binding site. Based on its biochemical properties, high specific activity, and the possibility of its production in P. pastoris, the tannase described could be used in food and beverage processing at low and medium temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ordaz-Pérez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Av. Universidad S/N, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Fuentes-Garibay
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Av. Universidad S/N, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Martha Guerrero-Olazarán
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Av. Universidad S/N, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José María Viader-Salvadó
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Av. Universidad S/N, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Lei J, Zhang Y, Ni X, Yu X, Wang X. Degradation of epigallocatechin and epicatechin gallates by a novel tannase Tan Hcw from Herbaspirillum camelliae. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:197. [PMID: 34641872 PMCID: PMC8507159 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Herbaspirillum camelliae is a gram-negative endophyte isolated from the tea plant. Both strains WT00C and WT00F were found to hydrolyze epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) to release gallic acid (GA) and display tannase activity. However, no tannase gene was annotated in the genome of H. camelliae WT00C. Results The 39 kDa protein, annotated as the prolyl oligopeptidase in the NCBI database, was finally identified as a novel tannase. Its gene was cloned, and the enzyme was expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. Moreover, enzymatic characterizations of this novel tannase named TanHcw were studied. TanHcw was a secretary enzyme with a Sec/SPI signal peptide of 48 amino acids at the N-terminus, and it catalyzed the degradation of tannin, methyl gallate (MG), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG). The optimal temperature and pH of TanHcw activities were 30 °C, pH 6.0 for MG and 40 °C, pH 7.0 for both EGCG and ECG. Na+, K+ Mn2+ and Triton-X100, Tween80 increased the enzyme activity of TanHcw, whereas Zn2+, Mg2+, Hg2+, EMSO, EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol inhibited enzyme activity. Km, kcat and kcat /Km of TanHcw were 0.30 mM, 37.84 s−1, 130.67 mM−1 s−1 for EGCG, 0.33 mM, 34.59 s−1, 105.01 mM−1 s−1 for ECG and 0.82 mM, 14.64 s−1, 18.17 mM−1 s−1 for MG, respectively. Conclusion A novel tannase TanHcw from H. camelliae has been identified and characterized. The biological properties of TanHcw suggest that it plays a crucial role in the specific colonization of H. camelliae in tea plants. Discovery of the tannase TanHcw in this study gives us a reasonable explanation for the host specificity of H. camelliae. In addition, studying the characteristics of this enzyme offers the possibility of further defining its potential in industrial application. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01685-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Xianning Central Hospital, Tongji Xianning Hospital, Xianning, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xuechen Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xuejing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Characterization of a Robust and pH-Stable Tannase from Mangrove-Derived Yeast Rhodosporidium diobovatum Q95. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110546. [PMID: 33143376 PMCID: PMC7692551 DOI: 10.3390/md18110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannase plays a crucial role in many fields, such as the pharmaceutical industry, beverage processing, and brewing. Although many tannases derived from bacteria and fungi have been thoroughly studied, those with good pH stabilities are still less reported. In this work, a mangrove-derived yeast strain Rhodosporidium diobovatum Q95, capable of efficiently degrading tannin, was screened to induce tannase, which exhibited an activity of up to 26.4 U/mL after 48 h cultivation in the presence of 15 g/L tannic acid. The tannase coding gene TANRD was cloned and expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica. The activity of recombinant tannase (named TanRd) was as high as 27.3 U/mL. TanRd was purified by chromatography and analysed by SDS-PAGE, showing a molecular weight of 75.1 kDa. The specific activity of TanRd towards tannic acid was 676.4 U/mg. Its highest activity was obtained at 40 °C, with more than 70% of the activity observed at 25–60 °C. Furthermore, it possessed at least 60% of the activity in a broad pH range of 2.5–6.5. Notably, TanRd was excellently stable at a pH range from 3.0 to 8.0; over 65% of its maximum activity remained after incubation. Besides, the broad substrate specificity of TanRd to esters of gallic acid has attracted wide attention. In view of the above, tannase resources were developed from mangrove-derived yeasts for the first time in this study. This tannase can become a promising material in tannin biodegradation and gallic acid production.
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Thermostable Tannase from Aspergillus Niger and Its Application in the Enzymatic Extraction of Green Tea. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040952. [PMID: 32093395 PMCID: PMC7070470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannase is widely used in tea beverage processing because of its ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of hydrolysable tannins or gallic acid esters and effectively improve the quality of tea extracts through enzymatic extraction. A new thermophilic tannase was cloned from Aspergillus niger FJ0118 and characterized. The tannase exhibited an optimal reaction temperature of 80 °C and retained 89.6% of the initial activity after incubation at 60 °C for 2 h. The enzymatic extraction of green tea at high temperature (70 °C) for a short time (40 min) was devised on the basis of the superior thermal stability of tannase. The enzymatic reaction significantly increased the total polyphenol content of green tea extract from 137 g·kg−1 to 291 g·kg−1. The enzymatic reaction effectively degraded the ester catechins into non-ester catechins compared with the water extraction method. Results suggested that the thermally stable tannase exhibited potential applications in the enzymatic extraction of green tea beverage.
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Ichikawa K, Shiono Y, Shintani T, Watanabe A, Kanzaki H, Gomi K, Koseki T. Efficient production of recombinant tannase in Aspergillus oryzae using an improved glucoamylase gene promoter. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:150-154. [PMID: 31492608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A tannase-encoding gene, AotanB, from Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 was overexpressed in A. oryzae AOK11 niaD-deficient mutant derived from an industrial strain under the control of an improved glucoamylase gene promoter PglaA142. The recombinant tannase, designated as rAoTanBO, was produced efficiently as an active extracellular enzyme. Purified rAoTanBO showed a smeared band with a molecular mass of approximately 80-100 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rAoTanBO had a molecular mass of 65 kDa, after treatment with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Purified rAoTanBO exhibited maximum activity at 30-35°C and pH 6.0. The tannase activity of purified rAoTanBO towards natural and artificial substrates was 2-8 folds higher than that of the recombinant enzyme produced by Pichia pastoris, designated as rAoTanBP. N-terminus of the mature rAoTanBP had six more amino acids than the N-terminus of the mature rAoTanBO. Kinetic analyses showed that rAoTanBO had higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than rAoTanBP. rAoTanBO was stable up to 60°C and higher thermostability than rAoTanBP. N-linked oligosaccharides had no effect on the activity and stability of rAoTanBO and rAoTanBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyotaro Ichikawa
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiono
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shintani
- Department of Bioindustrial Informatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Bioindustrial Informatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kanzaki
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Katsuya Gomi
- Department of Bioindustrial Informatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Takuya Koseki
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan.
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de Lima JS, Cabrera MP, Casazza AA, da Silva MF, Perego P, de Carvalho LB, Converti A. Immobilization of Aspergillus ficuum tannase in calcium alginate beads and its application in the treatment of boldo (Peumus boldus) tea. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1989-1994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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