1
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Takahashi M. The community of lactic acid bacteria during kimoto-style seed mash making process and its control. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:242-248. [PMID: 38183305 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Kimoto-style seed mash making processes such as the kimoto and yamahai-moto processes are driven by various microorganisms, and it is very important to make lactic acid bacteria grow stably for the brewing of a sake product with consistent quality. A model of bacterial transition from spherical lactic acid bacteria to rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria during kimoto-making has been advocated, but the model cannot explain all cases of a transition of a bacterial community during kimoto-making at various breweries. Several studies have described unique bacterial transition patterns that differ from those considered in the proposed model, and it is possible that factors such as differences in the initial bacterial community among breweries may cause the diversity of bacterial transitions. In this minireview, I summarize the research concerning the community of lactic acid bacteria during the kimoto-style seed mash making process, and I discuss how stable lactic acid fermentation can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Takahashi
- Quality and Evaluation Research Division. National Research Institute of Brewing (NRIB), Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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2
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Watanabe D. Sake yeast symbiosis with lactic acid bacteria and alcoholic fermentation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:237-241. [PMID: 38006236 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a pivotal role in the production of fermented foods by converting sugars in ingredients into ethanol through alcoholic fermentation. However, how accurate is our understanding of its biological significance? Although yeast is essential to produce alcoholic beverages and bioethanol, yeast does not yield ethanol for humankind. Yeast obtains energy in the form of ATP for its own vital processes through alcoholic fermentation, which generates ethanol as a byproduct. The production of ethanol may have more significance for yeast, since many other organisms do not produce ethanol, a highly toxic substance, to obtain energy. The key to address this issue has not been found using conventional microbiology, where yeasts are isolated and cultured in pure form. This review focuses on a possible novel role of yeast alcohol fermentation, which is revealed through our recent studies of microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
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3
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Nishida H. Kuratsuki bacteria and sake making. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:249-253. [PMID: 37833236 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Kuratsuki bacteria enter during the sake-making process and interact with sake yeast until their growth is attenuated by the ethanol produced by sake yeast. Due to the interaction between kuratsuki bacteria and sake yeast, the metabolism of sake yeast changes, affecting the composition of esters and organic acids and subsequently the flavor and taste of sake. We cultivated kuratsuki bacteria and sake yeast, and performed test making at sake breweries to clarify the interaction among microorganisms in the sake-making process. We aim to propose a sake-making process that controls the flavor and taste of sake by utilizing the functions of kuratsuki bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nishida
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, Japan
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4
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Watanabe D, Kumano M, Sugimoto Y, Takagi H. Spontaneous Attenuation of Alcoholic Fermentation via the Dysfunction of Cyc8p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:304. [PMID: 38203474 PMCID: PMC10778621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A cell population characterized by the release of glucose repression and known as [GAR+] emerges spontaneously in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study revealed that the [GAR+] variants exhibit retarded alcoholic fermentation when glucose is the sole carbon source. To identify the key to the altered glucose response, the gene expression profile of [GAR+] cells was examined. Based on RNA-seq data, the [GAR+] status was linked to impaired function of the Cyc8p-Tup1p complex. Loss of Cyc8p led to a decrease in the initial rate of alcoholic fermentation under glucose-rich conditions via the inactivation of pyruvate decarboxylase, an enzyme unique to alcoholic fermentation. These results suggest that Cyc8p can become inactive to attenuate alcoholic fermentation. These findings may contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism of non-genetic heterogeneity in yeast alcoholic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Maika Kumano
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Yukiko Sugimoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan (H.T.)
- Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma 630-0192, Nara, Japan
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5
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Zhouravleva GA, Bondarev SA, Trubitsina NP. How Big Is the Yeast Prion Universe? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11651. [PMID: 37511408 PMCID: PMC10380529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of yeast prions and prion-like proteins described since 1994 has grown from two to nearly twenty. If in the early years most scientists working with the classic mammalian prion, PrPSc, were skeptical about the possibility of using the term prion to refer to yeast cytoplasmic elements with unusual properties, it is now clear that prion-like phenomena are widespread and that yeast can serve as a convenient model for studying them. Here we give a brief overview of the yeast prions discovered so far and focus our attention to the various approaches used to identify them. The prospects for the discovery of new yeast prions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Zhouravleva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav A Bondarev
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nina P Trubitsina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Yazaki A, Nishida H. Effect of kuratsuki Kocuria on sake's taste varies depending on the sake yeast strain used in sake brewing. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:290. [PMID: 37468657 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Although sake yeast mainly produces the taste of sake, sake brewery-inhabiting (kuratsuki) bacteria affect the taste of sake. Thus, kuratsuki bacteria may alter the metabolism of sake yeast through interactions between kuratsuki bacteria and sake yeast. This study aimed to confirm the effects of the combination of kuratsuki Kocuria TGY1127_2 and different sake yeast strains, AK25, K901, and K1801 on the taste of sake. Although the Brix and acidity during sake production using AK25 differed between sake with and without kuratsuki Kocuria, those using K901 and K1801 did not differ. Thus, sake yeast AK25 interacted with kuratsuki Kocuria and changed its characteristics of ethanol fermentation. In addition, the taste intensity changes, measured with a taste sensor TS-5000Z, showed that the effects of adding kuratsuki Kocuria varied among different sake yeasts. Thus, each sake yeast strain interacted with the kuratsuki bacterium and produced different metabolites, resulting in a change in the taste of sake. The findings of this study can lead to the brewing of sake using different types of kuratsuki bacteria which can affect the taste of sake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Yazaki
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Machi, Ora-Gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishida
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Machi, Ora-Gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
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7
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Danner C, Mach RL, Mach-Aigner AR. The phenomenon of strain degeneration in biotechnologically relevant fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12615-z. [PMID: 37341752 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are widely exploited for large-scale production in the biotechnological industry to produce a diverse range of substances due to their versatility and relative ease of growing on various substrates. The occurrence of a phenomenon-the so-called fungal strain degeneration-leads to the spontaneous loss or decline of production capacity and results in an economic loss on a tremendous scale. Some of the most commonly applied genera of fungi in the biotechnical industry, such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, are threatened by this phenomenon. Although fungal degeneration has been known for almost a century, the phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms still need to be understood. The proposed mechanisms causing fungi to degenerate can be of genetic or epigenetic origin. Other factors, such as culture conditions, stress, or aging, were also reported to have an influence. This mini-review addresses the topic of fungal degeneration by describing examples of productivity losses in biotechnical processes using Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, and Penicillium chrysogenum. Further, potential reasons, circumvention, and prevention methods are discussed. This is the first mini-review which provides a comprehensive overview on this phenomenon in biotechnologically used fungi, and it also includes a collection of strategies that can be useful to minimize economic losses which can arise from strain degeneration. KEY POINTS: • Spontaneous loss of productivity is evident in many fungi used in biotechnology. • The properties and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are very versatile. • Only studying these underlying mechanisms enables the design of a tailored solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Danner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert L Mach
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid R Mach-Aigner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Fujiwara H, Watanabe K, Wakai Y. Combination of four bacterial strains isolated from
Yamahai‐shubo
in traditional Japanese sake brewing. Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunihiko Watanabe
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan
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9
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Tanabe K, Maeda N, Okumura H, Shima J. Emergence of [GAR + ] cells in yeast from sake brewing affects the fermentation properties. Yeast 2023; 40:134-142. [PMID: 36755487 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the traditional (kimoto) method of sake (Japanese rice wine) brewing, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells are exposed to lactate, which is produced by lactic acid bacteria in the seed mash. Lactate promotes the appearance of glucose-repression-resistant [GAR+ ] cells. Herein, we compared the resistance to glucose repression among kimoto, industrial, and laboratory yeast strains. We observed that the frequencies of the spontaneous emergence of [GAR+ ] cells among the kimoto strains were higher than those among the industrial and laboratory strains. The fermentation ability of a kimoto yeast (strain U44) was lower than that of an industrial strain (K701), as [GAR+ ] cells generally showed slower ethanol production. The addition of lactate decreased the fermentation abilities of the K701 strain by increasing the number of [GAR+ ] cells, but it did not affect those of the U44 strain. These results suggest that lactate controlled fermentation by promoting the appearance of [GAR+ ] cells in the industrial sake strains but not in the kimoto strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Tanabe
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.,Research Center for Fermentation and Brewing, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Natsumi Maeda
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Honoka Okumura
- Department of Plant Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Jun Shima
- Research Center for Fermentation and Brewing, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.,Department of Plant Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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10
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Nguyen NTH, Wang WY, Huang WL, Huang CL, Chiang TY. Metagenomics analyses of microbial dynamics associated with putative flavor development in mash fermentation of sake. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Diversity of Bacillus Isolates from the Sake Brewing Process at a Sake Brewery. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081760. [PMID: 34442839 PMCID: PMC8401966 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We collected 92 isolates belonging to the genus Bacillus from the sake brewing process at Shiraki Tsunesuke Sake Brewery in Gifu, Japan to determine whether there is strain specificity at individual sake breweries. After distributing the isolates into seven groups, we observed that at least two groups (68 isolates) were kuratsuki bacteria at Shiraki Tsunesuke Sake Brewery. The kuratsuki Bacillus isolates were collected from different samples at the early and late stages of sake brewing in 2021 and 2019, respectively. These results showed that kuratsuki Bacillus entered the sake brewing process at this location. These kuratsuki Bacillus isolates had a high ethanol tolerance. Our previous paper showed the existence of kuratsuki Kocuria at Narimasa Sake Brewery in Toyama, Japan, but this study demonstrated that it is not found at Shiraki Tsunesuke Sake Brewery. Therefore, each sake brewery has specific kuratsuki bacterial strains, which are isolated with high frequency and contribute a specific flavor or taste to each sake brewery.
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12
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Terasaki M, Inoue A, Kanamoto E, Yoshida S, Yamada M, Toda H, Nishida H. Co-cultivation of sake yeast and Kocuria isolates from the sake brewing process. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6280977. [PMID: 34021569 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kocuria isolates collected from the sake brewing process have inhabited the Narimasa Sake Brewery in Toyama, Japan. To investigate the effect of these actinobacterial isolates on the growth and metabolism of sake yeast, co-cultivation of sake yeast and Kocuria isolates was performed in a medium containing tryptone, glucose and yeast extract (TGY), and a solution containing koji (steamed rice covered with Aspergillus oryzae) and glucose. In the TGY medium, the ethanol concentration and the number of living cells of each microorganism were measured. In the koji solution, the concentrations of ethanol and organic acids (citric acid, lactic acid and succinic acid) were measured. The results showed that in TGY media, the growth of each Kocuria isolate in the co-culture of the two Kocuria isolates was similar to that in each monoculture. However, the growth of both Kocuria isolates was inhibited in the co-cultures of sake yeast and Kocuria isolates. On the other hand, the growth and ethanol productivity of sake yeast did not differ between its monoculture and co-cultures with Kocuria isolates. In the koji solution, Kocuria isolates TGY1120_3 and TGY1127_2 affected the concentrations of ethanol and lactic acid, respectively. Thus, Kocuria isolates affected the microbial metabolism, but the effects were not identical between the two isolates. This strongly suggests that bacteria inhabiting a sake brewery may influence the flavor and taste of sake products of the brewery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Terasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Airu Inoue
- Graduate School of Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Emi Kanamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Saki Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Masato Yamada
- Narimasa Sake Brewery, 418 Tachi, Nanto, Toyama 939-1676, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Toda
- Graduate School of Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishida
- Graduate School of Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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13
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Oshiro M, Zendo T, Nakayama J. Diversity and dynamics of sourdough lactic acid bacteriota created by a slow food fermentation system. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:333-340. [PMID: 33358094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sourdough is a naturally fermented dough that is used worldwide to produce a variety of baked foods. Various lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which can determine the quality of sourdough baked foods by producing metabolites, have been found in the sourdough ecosystem. However, spontaneous fermentation of sourdough leads to unpredictable growth of various micro-organisms, which result in unstable product quality. From an ecological perspective, many researchers have recently studied sourdough LAB diversity, particularly the elucidation of LAB community interactions and the dynamic mechanisms during the fermentation process, in response to requests for the control and design of a desired sourdough microbial community. This article reviews recent advances in the study of sourdough LAB diversity and its dynamics in association with unique characteristics of the fermentation system; it also discusses future perspectives for better understanding of the complex sourdough microbial ecosystem, which can be attained efficiently by both in vitro and in situ experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugihito Oshiro
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Central Laboratory of Yamazaki Baking Company Limited, 3-23-27 Ichikawa, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8581, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Zendo
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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14
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Yashiroda Y, Yoshida M. Intraspecies cell-cell communication in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 19:5613366. [PMID: 31688924 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although yeasts are unicellular microorganisms that can live independently, they can also communicate with other cells, in order to adapt to the environment. Two yeast species, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, engage in various kinds of intraspecies cell-cell communication using peptides and chemical molecules that they produce, constituting a sort of 'language'. Cell-cell communication is a fundamental biological process, and its ultimate purpose is to promote survival by sexual reproduction and acquisition of nutrients from the environment. This review summarizes what is known about intraspecies cell-cell communication mediated by molecules including mating pheromones, volatile gases, aromatic alcohols and oxylipins in laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae and S. pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yashiroda
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Molecular Ligand Target Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology (CRIIM), The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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15
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Oshiro M, Tanaka M, Zendo T, Nakayama J. Impact of pH on succession of sourdough lactic acid bacteria communities and their fermentation properties. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 39:152-159. [PMID: 32775134 PMCID: PMC7392915 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2019-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sourdough, a traditional fermented dough, is made via natural fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Its pH changes from near neutral to acid during the subculture process.
However, the product quality of subcultured sourdough depends on the unpredictable succession of LAB communities, the influential factors of which are still unclear. To elucidate
one end of the LAB community succession mechanism, we evaluated the effect of pH by designing four subculture experiments using a model medium adjusted to pH 6.7, 5.5, and 4.5, as
well as a natural sourdough subculture. All experiments began by inoculating a sourdough LAB mixture, and both bacterial successions and fermentative properties were monitored
until ten subculture steps. In media subcultures, lactic acid production was higher in higher pH media. Three LAB genera, Weissella, Pediococcus,
and Lactobacillus, each represented by one operational taxonomic unit (OTU), were successively detected in all subcultures. In later steps with lower pH media, an
OTU closely related to Lactobacillus brevis dominated, replacing an OTU closely related to the Weissella cibaria-confusa group
that was more dominant than the L. brevis OTU in the near-neutral pH medium. In the sourdough subculture, the three genera were also detected, while
Lactobacillus was dominant in earlier steps due to the emergence of an OTU closely related to Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis. These results
suggest that a lower pH is favorable for the sequence of sourdough bacterial community evolution finalizing with Lactobacillus domination. Further research is
needed to elucidate additional factors other than pH that influence the pattern of LAB community shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugihito Oshiro
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Central Laboratory of Yamazaki Baking Company Limited, 3-23-27 Ichikawa, Ichikawa City, Chiba 272-8581, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Zendo
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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16
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Yeast prion-based metabolic reprogramming induced by bacteria in fermented foods. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5553466. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Microbial communities of yeast and bacterial cells are often observed in the manufacturing processes of fermented foods and drinks, such as sourdough bread, cheese, kefir, wine and sake. Community interactions and dynamics among microorganisms, as well as their significance during the manufacturing processes, are central issues in modern food microbiology. Recent studies demonstrated that the emergence of a yeast prion termed [GAR+] in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is induced by coculturing with bacterial cells, resulting in the switching of the carbon metabolism. In order to facilitate mutualistic symbiosis among microorganisms, this mode of microbial interaction is induced between yeasts and lactic acid bacteria species used in traditional sake making. Thus, yeast prions have attracted much attention as novel platforms that govern the metabolic adaptation of cross-kingdom ecosystems. Our minireview focuses on the plausible linkage between fermented-food microbial communication and yeast prion-mediated metabolic reprogramming.
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Chemical and Bacterial Components in Sake and Sake Production Process. Curr Microbiol 2019; 77:632-637. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Fungi are prone to phenotypic instability, that is, the vegetative phase of these organisms, be they yeasts or molds, undergoes frequent switching between two or more behaviors, often with different morphologies, but also sometime having different physiologies without any obvious morphological outcome. In the context of industrial utilization of fungi, this can have a negative impact on the maintenance of strains and/or on their productivity. Instabilities have been shown to result from various mechanisms, either genetic or epigenetic. This chapter will review different types of instabilities and discuss some lesser-known ones, mostly in filamentous fungi, while it will direct readers to additional literature in the case of well-known phenomena such as the amyloid prions or fungal senescence. It will present in depth the "white/opaque" switch of Candida albicans and the "crippled growth" degeneration of the model fungus Podospora anserina. These are two of the most thoroughly studied epigenetic phenotypic switches. I will also discuss the "sectors" presented by many filamentous ascomycetes, for which a prion-based model exists but is not demonstrated. Finally, I will also describe intriguing examples of phenotypic instability for which an explanation has yet to be provided.
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