1
|
Nikita S, Mishra S, Gupta K, Runkana V, Gomes J, Rathore AS. Advances in bioreactor control for production of biotherapeutic products. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1189-1214. [PMID: 36760086 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Advanced control strategies are well established in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries. Over the past decade, the application of these strategies is being explored for control of bioreactors for manufacturing of biotherapeutics. Most of the industrial bioreactor control strategies apply classical control techniques, with the control system designed for the facility at hand. However, with the recent progress in sensors, machinery, and industrial internet of things, and advancements in deeper understanding of the biological processes, coupled with the requirement of flexible production, the need to develop a robust and advanced process control system that can ease process intensification has emerged. This has further fuelled the development of advanced monitoring approaches, modeling techniques, process analytical technologies, and soft sensors. It is seen that proper application of these concepts can significantly improve bioreactor process performance, productivity, and reproducibility. This review is on the recent advancements in bioreactor control and its related aspects along with the associated challenges. This study also offers an insight into the future prospects for development of control strategies that can be designed for industrial-scale production of biotherapeutic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saxena Nikita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Centre of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, India
| | - Somesh Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Centre of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, India
| | - Keshari Gupta
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Pune, India
| | | | - James Gomes
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, DBT Centre of Excellence for Biopharmaceutical Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Robinson KJ, Armstrong HC, Moss SEW, Oller L, Hall AJ, Bennett KA. Signs of life: Oxygen sensors confirm viability, measure oxygen consumption and provide rapid, effective contamination monitoring for field‐based tissue culture. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J. Robinson
- Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Holly C. Armstrong
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Simon E. W. Moss
- Sea Mammal Research Unit Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Laura Oller
- School of Applied Sciences Abertay University Dundee UK
| | - Ailsa J. Hall
- Sea Mammal Research Unit Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lim D, Renteria ES, Sime DS, Ju YM, Kim JH, Criswell T, Shupe TD, Atala A, Marini FC, Gurcan MN, Soker S, Hunsberger J, Yoo JJ. Bioreactor design and validation for manufacturing strategies in tissue engineering. Biodes Manuf 2021; 5:43-63. [PMID: 35223131 PMCID: PMC8870603 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer new therapeutic options to restore, maintain or improve tissue function following disease or injury. To maximize the biological function of a tissue-engineered clinical product, specific conditions must be maintained within a bioreactor to allow the maturation of the product in preparation for implantation. Specifically, the bioreactor should be designed to mimic the mechanical, electrochemical and biochemical environment that the product will be exposed to in vivo. Real-time monitoring of the functional capacity of tissue-engineered products during manufacturing is a critical component of the quality management process. The present review provides a brief overview of bioreactor engineering considerations. In addition, strategies for bioreactor automation, in-line product monitoring and quality assurance are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Eric S. Renteria
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Drake S. Sime
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Young Min Ju
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Thomas D. Shupe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Frank C. Marini
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Joshua Hunsberger
- RegenMed Development Organization (ReMDO), Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cost-Effective Real-Time Metabolic Profiling of Cancer Cell Lines for Plate-Based Assays. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental phenotype of cancer cells is their metabolic profile, which is routinely described in terms of glycolytic and respiratory rates. Various devices and protocols have been designed to quantify glycolysis and respiration from the rates of acid production and oxygen utilization, respectively, but many of these approaches have limitations, including concerns about their cost-ineffectiveness, inadequate normalization procedures, or short probing time-frames. As a result, many methods for measuring metabolism are incompatible with cell culture conditions, particularly in the context of high-throughput applications. Here, we present a simple plate-based approach for real-time measurements of acid production and oxygen depletion under typical culture conditions that enable metabolic monitoring for extended periods of time. Using this approach, it is possible to calculate metabolic fluxes and, uniquely, describe the system at steady-state. By controlling the conditions with respect to pH buffering, O2 diffusion, medium volume, and cell numbers, our workflow can accurately describe the metabolic phenotype of cells in terms of molar fluxes. This direct measure of glycolysis and respiration is conducive for between-runs and even between-laboratory comparisons. To illustrate the utility of this approach, we characterize the phenotype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines and measure their response to a switch of metabolic substrate and the presence of metabolic inhibitors. In summary, the method can deliver a robust appraisal of metabolism in cell lines, with applications in drug screening and in quantitative studies of metabolic regulation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Steinegger A, Wolfbeis OS, Borisov SM. Optical Sensing and Imaging of pH Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12357-12489. [PMID: 33147405 PMCID: PMC7705895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that contains subsections on the definition of the pH value, a brief look back on optical methods for sensing of pH, on the effects of ionic strength on pH values and pKa values, on the selectivity, sensitivity, precision, dynamic ranges, and temperature dependence of such sensors. Commonly used optical sensing schemes are covered in a next main chapter, with subsections on methods based on absorptiometry, reflectometry, luminescence, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance, photonic crystals, turbidity, mechanical displacement, interferometry, and solvatochromism. This is followed by sections on absorptiometric and luminescent molecular probes for use pH in sensors. Further large sections cover polymeric hosts and supports, and methods for immobilization of indicator dyes. Further and more specific sections summarize the state of the art in materials with dual functionality (indicator and host), nanomaterials, sensors based on upconversion and 2-photon absorption, multiparameter sensors, imaging, and sensors for extreme pH values. A chapter on the many sensing formats has subsections on planar, fiber optic, evanescent wave, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance and holography based sensor designs, and on distributed sensing. Another section summarizes selected applications in areas, such as medicine, biology, oceanography, bioprocess monitoring, corrosion studies, on the use of pH sensors as transducers in biosensors and chemical sensors, and their integration into flow-injection analyzers, microfluidic devices, and lab-on-a-chip systems. An extra section is devoted to current challenges, with subsections on challenges of general nature and those of specific nature. A concluding section gives an outlook on potential future trends and perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Steinegger
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Otto S. Wolfbeis
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chopda VR, Holzberg T, Ge X, Folio B, Wong L, Tolosa M, Kostov Y, Tolosa L, Rao G. Real-time dissolved carbon dioxide monitoring II: Surface aeration intensification for efficient CO 2 removal in shake flasks and mini-bioreactors leads to superior growth and recombinant protein yields. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:992-998. [PMID: 31840800 PMCID: PMC7078866 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass transfer is known to play a critical role in bioprocess performance and henceforth monitoring dissolved O2 (DO) and dissolved CO2 (dCO2 ) is of paramount importance. At bioreactor level these parameters can be monitored online and can be controlled by sparging air/oxygen or stirrer speed. However, traditional small-scale systems such as shake flasks lack real time monitoring and also employ only surface aeration with additional diffusion limitations imposed by the culture plug. Here we present implementation of intensifying surface aeration by sparging air in the headspace of the reaction vessel and real-time monitoring of DO and dCO2 in the bioprocesses to evaluate the impact of intensified surface aeration. We observed that sparging air in the headspace allowed us to keep dCO2 at low level, which significantly improved not only biomass growth but also protein yield. We expect that implementing such controlled smart shake flasks can minimize the process development gap which currently exists in shake flask level and bioreactor level results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viki R. Chopda
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental EngineeringCenter for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of MarylandBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Timothy Holzberg
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental EngineeringCenter for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of MarylandBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Xudong Ge
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental EngineeringCenter for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of MarylandBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Brandon Folio
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental EngineeringCenter for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of MarylandBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Lynn Wong
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental EngineeringCenter for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of MarylandBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Michael Tolosa
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental EngineeringCenter for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of MarylandBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Yordan Kostov
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental EngineeringCenter for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of MarylandBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Leah Tolosa
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental EngineeringCenter for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of MarylandBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Govind Rao
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental EngineeringCenter for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of MarylandBaltimoreMaryland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lavine BK, Pampati SR, Dahal KS, Kim M, Perera UDNT, Benjamin M, Bunce RA. Swellable Copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide and Alkyl Acrylic Acids for Optical pH Sensing. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061408. [PMID: 32204526 PMCID: PMC7144384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Swellable polymers that respond to pH (including a portion of the physiological pH range) have been prepared from N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) copolymerized with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid or propacrylic acid by dispersion polymerization. When the swellable polymer particles are dispersed in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel membrane, large changes occur in the turbidity of the membrane (which is measured using an absorbance spectrometer) as the pH of the buffer solution in contact with the hydrogel membrane is varied. The swelling of the NIPA copolymer is nonionic, as the ionic strength of the buffer solution in contact with the PVA membrane was increased from 0.1 to 1.0 M without a decrease in the swelling. For many of these NIPA copolymers, swelling was also reversible in both low- and high ionic strength pH-buffered media and at ambient and physiological temperatures. The composition of the formulation used to prepare these copolymers of NIPA can be correlated to the enthalpy and entropy of the pH-induced swelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry K. Lavine
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (S.R.P.); (K.S.D.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (R.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-744-5945
| | - Sandhya R. Pampati
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (S.R.P.); (K.S.D.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Kaushalya S. Dahal
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (S.R.P.); (K.S.D.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Mariya Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (S.R.P.); (K.S.D.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (R.A.B.)
| | - U. D. Nuwan T. Perera
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, 231 Natural Sciences Building, 111 Memorial Drive, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA;
| | - Marcus Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (S.R.P.); (K.S.D.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Richard A. Bunce
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (S.R.P.); (K.S.D.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (R.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rafferty C, O'Mahony J, Burgoyne B, Rea R, Balss KM, Latshaw DC. Raman spectroscopy as a method to replace off‐line pH during mammalian cell culture processes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:146-156. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Rafferty
- Janssen Sciences Ireland UC, BioTherapeutic Development Cork Ireland
- Cork Institute of Technology, Biological Sciences Cork Ireland
| | - Jim O'Mahony
- Cork Institute of Technology, Biological Sciences Cork Ireland
| | - Barbara Burgoyne
- Janssen Sciences Ireland UC, Product Quality Management Cork Ireland
| | - Rosemary Rea
- Cork Institute of Technology, Biological Sciences Cork Ireland
| | - Karin M. Balss
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Process Science and Advanced Analytics New Jersey
| | - David C. Latshaw
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Process Science and Advanced Analytics New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
New developments in online OUR monitoring and its application to animal cell cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6903-6917. [PMID: 31309268 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand for biopharmaceuticals produced in mammalian cells has driven the industry to enhance the productivity of bioprocesses through intensification of culture process. Fed-batch and perfusion culturing strategies are considered the most attractive choices, but the application of these processes requires the availability of reliable online measuring systems for the estimation of cell density and metabolic activity. This manuscript reviews the methods (and the devices used) for monitoring of the oxygen consumption, also known as oxygen uptake rate (OUR), since it is a straightforward parameter to estimate viable cell density and the physiological state of cells. Furthermore, as oxygen plays an important role in the cell metabolism, OUR has also been very useful to estimate nutrient consumption, especially the carbon (glucose and glutamine) and nitrogen (glutamine) sources. Three different methods for the measurement of OUR have been developed up to date, being the dynamic method the golden standard, even though DO and pH perturbations generated in the culture during each measurement. For this, many efforts have been focused in developing non-invasive methods, such as global mass balance or stationary liquid mass balance. The low oxygen consumption rates by the cells and the high accuracy required for oxygen concentration measurement in the gas streams (inlet and outlet) have limited the applicability of the global mass balance methodology in mammalian cell cultures. In contrast, stationary liquid mass balance has successfully been implemented showing very similar OUR profiles compared with those obtained with the dynamic method. The huge amount of studies published in the last years evidence that OUR have become a reliable alternative for the monitoring and control of high cell density culturing strategies with very high productivities.
Collapse
|
10
|
Young AT, Rivera KR, Erb PD, Daniele MA. Monitoring of Microphysiological Systems: Integrating Sensors and Real-Time Data Analysis toward Autonomous Decision-Making. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1454-1464. [PMID: 30964652 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems replicate human organ function and are promising technologies for discovery of translatable biomarkers, pharmaceuticals, and regenerative therapies. Because microphysiological systems require complex microscale anatomical structures and heterogeneous cell populations, a major challenge remains to manufacture and operate these products with reproducible and standardized function. In this Perspective, three stages of microphysiological system monitoring, including process, development, and function, are assessed. The unique features and remaining technical challenges for the required sensors are discussed. Monitoring of microphysiological systems requires nondestructive, continuous biosensors and imaging techniques. With such tools, the extent of cellular and tissue development, as well as function, can be autonomously determined and optimized by correlating physical and chemical sensor outputs with markers of physiological performance. Ultimately, data fusion and analyses across process, development, and function monitors can be implemented to adopt microphysiological systems for broad research and commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn T. Young
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kristina R. Rivera
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Patrick D. Erb
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael A. Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gagliardi TM, Chelikani R, Yang Y, Tuozzolo G, Yuan H. Development of a novel, high-throughput screening tool for efficient perfusion-based cell culture process development. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2811. [PMID: 30932357 PMCID: PMC7079109 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Perfusion technology has been successfully used for the commercial production of biotherapeutics, in particular unstable recombinant proteins, for more than a decade. However, there has been a general lack of high‐throughput cell culture tools specifically for perfusion‐based cell culture processes. Here, we have developed a high‐throughput cell retention operation for use with the ambr® 15 bioreactor system. Experiments were run in both 24 and 48 reactor configurations for comparing perfusion mimic models, media development, and clone screening. Employing offline centrifugation for cell retention and a variable volume model developed with MATLAB computational software, the established screening model has demonstrated cell culture performance, productivity, and product quality were comparable to bench scale bioreactors. The automated, single use, high‐throughput perfusion mimic is a powerful tool that enables us to have rapid and efficient process development of perfusion‐based cell culture processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Gagliardi
- Upstream Development, Bioprocess Development, Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts
| | - Rahul Chelikani
- Upstream Development, Bioprocess Development, Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts
| | - Yang Yang
- Upstream Development, Bioprocess Development, Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts
| | - Gioia Tuozzolo
- Upstream Development, Bioprocess Development, Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts
| | - Hang Yuan
- Upstream Development, Bioprocess Development, Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bergenholm D, Liu G, Hansson D, Nielsen J. Construction of mini‐chemostats for high‐throughput strain characterization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1029-1038. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bergenholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Department of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg Sweden
| | - Guodong Liu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Department of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg Sweden
| | - David Hansson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Department of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Department of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of DenmarkHørsholm Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Almeida Fuzeta M, de Matos Branco AD, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Addressing the Manufacturing Challenges of Cell-Based Therapies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 171:225-278. [PMID: 31844924 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exciting developments in the cell therapy field over the last decades have led to an increasing number of clinical trials and the first cell products receiving marketing authorization. In spite of substantial progress in the field, manufacturing of cell-based therapies presents multiple challenges that need to be addressed in order to assure the development of safe, efficacious, and cost-effective cell therapies.The manufacturing process of cell-based therapies generally requires tissue collection, cell isolation, culture and expansion (upstream processing), cell harvest, separation and purification (downstream processing), and, finally, product formulation and storage. Each one of these stages presents significant challenges that have been the focus of study over the years, leading to innovative and groundbreaking technological advances, as discussed throughout this chapter.Delivery of cell-based therapies relies on defining product targets while controlling process variable impact on cellular features. Moreover, commercial viability is a critical issue that has had damaging consequences for some therapies. Implementation of cost-effectiveness measures facilitates healthy process development, potentially being able to influence end product pricing.Although cell-based therapies represent a new level in bioprocessing complexity in every manufacturing stage, they also show unprecedented levels of therapeutic potential, already radically changing the landscape of medical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Almeida Fuzeta
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André Dargen de Matos Branco
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Lobato da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evolutionary engineering of industrial microorganisms-strategies and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4615-4627. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Staying alive! Sensors used for monitoring cell health in bioreactors. Talanta 2018; 176:130-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
17
|
Hsu CJ, Jain HV, Williams A, Wang J, Lute SC, Beaucage SL, Brorson KA. Trans-acting oligodeoxythymidine phosphorothioate triester reagents for transient transfection optimized and facilitated by a high-throughput microbioreactor system. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 65:467-475. [PMID: 29023997 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and cost-effective transient transfection method for mammalian cells is essential for screening biopharmaceuticals in early stages of development. A library of 25 amphipathic trans-acting oligodeoxythymidine phosphorothioate triester (dTtaPS) transfection reagents, carrying positively charged and lipophilic groups, has been constructed for this purpose. High-throughput screening of the library, using an imaging cytometer and an automated microbioreactor system, has led to the identification of dTtaPS10+ as a potent transfection reagent. This reagent efficiently delivers a plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein in adherent HeLa cells while exhibiting low cytotoxicity. The microbioreactor system has been particularly useful for assessing the ability of dTtaPS10+ to deliver a plasmid encoding immunoglobulin IgG1 in a fed-batch serum-free suspension CHO cell culture; dTtaPS10+ -mediated transfection resulted in the production of IgG1 in yields comparable to or better than those obtained with commercial lipid-based transfection reagents under similar conditions. The ability of dTtaPS10+ to deliver plasmids is essentially unaffected by the presence of a silicone-based antifoaming reagent, which is commonly used in bioreactor cell cultures. The transfection efficiency of lyophilized dTtaPS10+ -plasmid complexes has been significantly restored upon aqueous reconstitution when compared to that achieved while using commercial transfection reagent complexes under similar conditions. The results of all experiments underscore the potential of dTtaPS10+ for transient transfection of plasmids into adherent cells and fed-batch serum-free suspension CHO cells and rapid screening of reagents in a microbioreactor system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Hsu
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, OBP, CDER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Harsh V Jain
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, OBP, CDER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abasha Williams
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, OBP, CDER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, OBP, CDER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Scott C Lute
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, OBP, CDER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Serge L Beaucage
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, OBP, CDER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kurt A Brorson
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, OBP, CDER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Baumann P, Hubbuch J. Downstream process development strategies for effective bioprocesses: Trends, progress, and combinatorial approaches. Eng Life Sci 2016; 17:1142-1158. [PMID: 32624742 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The biopharmaceutical industry is at a turning point moving toward a more customized and patient-oriented medicine (precision medicine). Straightforward routines such as the antibody platform process are extended to production processes for a new portfolio of molecules. As a consequence, individual and tailored productions require generic approaches for a fast and dedicated purification process development. In this article, different effective strategies in biopharmaceutical purification process development are reviewed that can analogously be used for the new generation of antibodies. Conventional approaches based on heuristics and high-throughput process development are discussed and compared to modern technologies such as multivariate calibration and mechanistic modeling tools. Such approaches constitute a good foundation for fast and effective process development for new products and processes, but their full potential becomes obvious in a correlated combination. Thus, different combinatorial approaches are presented, which might become future directions in the biopharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Baumann
- Biomolecular Separation Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Biomolecular Separation Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Demuth C, Varonier J, Jossen V, Eibl R, Eibl D. Novel probes for pH and dissolved oxygen measurements in cultivations from millilitre to benchtop scale. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:3853-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
20
|
Taurino I, Massa S, Sanzó G, Aleman J, Flavia B, Shin SR, Zhang YS, Dokmeci MR, De Micheli G, Carrara S, Khademhosseini A. Platinum nanopetal-based potassium sensors for acute cell death monitoring. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01664b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel potassium-selective electrode based on Pt nanopetals has been used for monitoring potassium efflux from cells as due to two death mechanisms: osmotic shock in DI water and necro-apoptosis by drug overdose.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ragupathy V, Setty MKHG, Kostov Y, Ge X, Uplekar S, Hewlett I, Rao G. Non-Invasive Optical Sensor Based Approaches for Monitoring Virus Culture to Minimize BSL3 Laboratory Entry. SENSORS 2015; 15:14864-70. [PMID: 26115456 PMCID: PMC4541811 DOI: 10.3390/s150714864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
High titers of infectious viruses for vaccine and diagnostic reference panel development are made by infecting susceptible mammalian cells. Laboratory procedures are strictly performed in a Bio-Safety Level-3 (BSL3) laboratory and each entry and exit involves the use of disposable Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) to observe cell culture conditions. Routine PPE use involves significant recurring costs. Alternative non-invasive optical sensor based approaches to remotely monitor cell culture may provide a promising and cost effective approach to monitor infectious virus cultures resulting in lower disruption and costs. We report here the monitoring of high titer cultures of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) and Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) remotely with the use of optical oxygen sensors aseptically placed inside the cell culture vessel. The replacement of culture media for cell and virus propagation and virus load monitoring was effectively performed using this fluorescent sensor and resulted in half the number of visits to the BSL3 lab (five versus ten).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology and Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology and Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Shaunak Uplekar
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology and Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
| | | | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology and Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chatterjee M, Ge X, Uplekar S, Kostov Y, Croucher L, Pilli M, Rao G. A unique noninvasive approach to monitoring dissolved O2and CO2in cell culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 112:104-10. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhubanti Chatterjee
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology; Department of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Maryland; Baltimore County; 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore Maryland 21250
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology; Department of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Maryland; Baltimore County; 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore Maryland 21250
| | - Shaunak Uplekar
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology; Department of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Maryland; Baltimore County; 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore Maryland 21250
| | - Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology; Department of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Maryland; Baltimore County; 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore Maryland 21250
| | - Leah Croucher
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology; Department of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Maryland; Baltimore County; 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore Maryland 21250
| | - Manohar Pilli
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology; Department of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Maryland; Baltimore County; 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore Maryland 21250
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology; Department of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Maryland; Baltimore County; 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore Maryland 21250
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Heux S, Poinot J, Massou S, Sokol S, Portais JC. A novel platform for automated high-throughput fluxome profiling of metabolic variants. Metab Eng 2014; 25:8-19. [PMID: 24930895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in metabolic engineering are enabling the creation of a large number of cell factories. However, high-throughput platforms do not yet exist for rapidly analyzing the metabolic network of the engineered cells. To fill the gap, we developed an integrated solution for fluxome profiling of large sets of biological systems and conditions. This platform combines a robotic system for (13)C-labelling experiments and sampling of labelled material with NMR-based isotopic fingerprinting and automated data interpretation. As a proof-of-concept, this workflow was applied to discriminate between Escherichia coli mutants with gradual expression of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Metabolic variants were clearly discriminated while pathways that support metabolic flexibility towards modulation of a single enzyme were elucidating. By directly connecting the data flow between cell cultivation and flux quantification, considerable advances in throughput, robustness, release of resources and screening capacity were achieved. This will undoubtedly facilitate the development of efficient cell factories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Heux
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Juliette Poinot
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Massou
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Serguei Sokol
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Long Q, Liu X, Yang Y, Li L, Harvey L, McNeil B, Bai Z. The development and application of high throughput cultivation technology in bioprocess development. J Biotechnol 2014; 192 Pt B:323-38. [PMID: 24698846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent progress in the technology of high throughput (HTP) cultivation and its increasing application in quality by design (QbD) -driven bioprocess development. Several practical HTP strategies aimed at shortening process development (PD) timelines from DNA to large scale processes involving commercially available HTP technology platforms, including microtiter plate (MTP) culture, micro-scale bioreactors, and in parallel fermentation systems, etc., are critically reviewed in detail. This discussion focuses upon the relative strengths and weaknesses or limitations of each of these platforms in this context. Emerging prototypes of micro-bioreactors reported recently, such as milliliter (mL) scale stirred tank bioreactors, and microfludics integrated micro-scale bioreactors, and their potential for practical application in QbD-driven HTP process development are also critically appraised. The overall aim of such technology is to rapidly gain process insights, and since the analytical technology deployed in HTP systems is critically important to the achievement of this aim, this rapidly developing area is discussed. Finally, general future trends are critically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Long
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Yankun Yang
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | | | | | - Zhonghu Bai
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gupta PA, Ge X, Kostov Y, Rao G. A completely noninvasive method of dissolved oxygen monitoring in disposable small-scale cell culture vessels based on diffusion through permeable vessel walls. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 30:172-7. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka A. Gupta
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology; Dept. of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore MD 21250
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology; Dept. of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore MD 21250
| | - Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology; Dept. of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore MD 21250
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology; Dept. of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore MD 21250
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kirk TV, Szita N. Oxygen transfer characteristics of miniaturized bioreactor systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1005-19. [PMID: 23280578 PMCID: PMC3790518 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Since their introduction in 2001 miniaturized bioreactor systems have made great advances in function and performance. In this article the dissolved oxygen (DO) transfer performance of submilliliter microbioreactors, and 1–10 mL minibioreactors was examined. Microbioreactors have reached kLa values of 460 h-1, and are offering instrumentation and some functionality comparable to production systems, but at high throughput screening volumes. Minibioreactors, aside from one 1,440 h-1kLa system, have not offered as high rates of DO transfer, but have demonstrated superior integration with automated fluid handling systems. Microbioreactors have been typically limited to studies with E. coli, while minibioreactors have offered greater versatility in this regard. Further, mathematical relationships confirming the applicability of kLa measurements across all scales have been derived, and alternatives to fluorescence lifetime DO sensors have been evaluated. Finally, the influence on reactor performance of oxygen uptake rate (OUR), and the possibility of its real-time measurement have been explored. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1005–1019. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy V Kirk
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vishwanathan AS, Rao G, Siva Sankara Sai S. A novel minimally invasive method for monitoring oxygen in microbial fuel cells. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 35:553-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-1109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of oxygen concentration is of great importance in many different areas of research which range from medical applications to food packaging. In the last three decades, significant progress has been made in the field of optical sensing technology and this review will highlight the one inherent to the development of oxygen indicators. The first section outlines the bioanalytical fields in which optical oxygen sensors have been applied. The second section gives the reader a comprehensive summary of the existing oxygen indicators with a critical highlight on their photophysical and sensing properties. Altogether, this review is meant to give the potential user a guide to select the most suitable oxygen indicator for the particular application of interest.
Collapse
|
30
|
Rohe P, Venkanna D, Kleine B, Freudl R, Oldiges M. An automated workflow for enhancing microbial bioprocess optimization on a novel microbioreactor platform. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:144. [PMID: 23113930 PMCID: PMC3526558 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput methods are widely-used for strain screening effectively resulting in binary information regarding high or low productivity. Nevertheless achieving quantitative and scalable parameters for fast bioprocess development is much more challenging, especially for heterologous protein production. Here, the nature of the foreign protein makes it impossible to predict the, e.g. best expression construct, secretion signal peptide, inductor concentration, induction time, temperature and substrate feed rate in fed-batch operation to name only a few. Therefore, a high number of systematic experiments are necessary to elucidate the best conditions for heterologous expression of each new protein of interest. RESULTS To increase the throughput in bioprocess development, we used a microtiter plate based cultivation system (Biolector) which was fully integrated into a liquid-handling platform enclosed in laminar airflow housing. This automated cultivation platform was used for optimization of the secretory production of a cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi with Corynebacterium glutamicum. The online monitoring of biomass, dissolved oxygen and pH in each of the microtiter plate wells enables to trigger sampling or dosing events with the pipetting robot used for a reliable selection of best performing cutinase producers. In addition to this, further automated methods like media optimization and induction profiling were developed and validated. All biological and bioprocess parameters were exclusively optimized at microtiter plate scale and showed perfect scalable results to 1 L and 20 L stirred tank bioreactor scale. CONCLUSIONS The optimization of heterologous protein expression in microbial systems currently requires extensive testing of biological and bioprocess engineering parameters. This can be efficiently boosted by using a microtiter plate cultivation setup embedded into a liquid-handling system, providing more throughput by parallelization and automation. Due to improved statistics by replicate cultivations, automated downstream analysis, and scalable process information, this setup has superior performance compared to standard microtiter plate cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rohe
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Systems Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Deepak Venkanna
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Systems Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Britta Kleine
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Systemic Microbiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Freudl
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Systemic Microbiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Systems Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
In situ pH maintenance for mammalian cell cultures in shake flasks and tissue culture flasks. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1605-10. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
32
|
Kondragunta B, Joshi BH, Han J, Brorson KA, Puri RK, Moreira AR, Rao G. Bioreactor environment-sensitive sentinel genes as novel metrics for cell culture scale-down comparability. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1138-51. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
33
|
Ge X, Kostov Y, Tolosa L, Rao G. Study on low-cost calibration-free pH sensing with disposable optical sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 734:79-87. [PMID: 22704475 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As labor costs become more expensive, less labor-intensive disposable devices have become more ubiquitous. Similarly, the disposable optical pH sensor developed in our lab could provide a convenient yet cost-effective way for pH sensing in processes that require stringent pH control. This optical pH sensor is prepared in uniform individual lots of 100-200 sensors per lot. Calibration is accomplished on a few randomly selected sensors out of each lot. We show that all others in the same lot can then be used directly without requiring individual calibration. In this paper, a calibration model is derived to include all the factors that affect the signal of the disposable sensor. Experimental results show that the derived calibration model fits the experimental data. The readings of 28 randomly selected disposable sensors with 4 sensors from each of the 7 lots show an error less than 0.1 pH units in the useful sensing range of the sensor. The calibration model indicates that if further improvement on precision is desired, more uniform porous material and more advanced coating techniques will be required. When it comes to the effects of the varying coasters, house-made low-cost fluorometers, the variability in the brightness ratio of the blue-to-violet LEDs is the primary reason for the lack of precision. Other factors like LED light intensity distribution, optical properties of the filters and electronics also contribute to the coaster-to-coaster difference, but to a lesser extent. Two different methods for correcting the instrument variations were introduced. After correction, the collective reading errors for all the tested instruments were reduced to less than 0.2 pH units within the sensor's useful sensing range. Based on this result, our lab is currently implementing further improvements in modifying the coasters to equalize the ratios of blue-to-violet LED brightness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim BJ, Diao J, Shuler ML. Mini-scale bioprocessing systems for highly parallel animal cell cultures. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:595-607. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
35
|
Acosta MA, Velasquez M, Williams K, Ross JM, Leach JB. Fluorescent silica particles for monitoring oxygen levels in three-dimensional heterogeneous cellular structures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2663-70. [PMID: 22511120 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a major obstacle challenging the development of more effective therapies to treat implant infections. Oxygen availability to bacterial cells has been implicated in biofilm formation and planktonic cell detachment; however, there are insufficient tools available to measure oxygen concentrations within complex three-dimensional structures with ∼ 1 µm resolution. Such measurements may complement measures of biofilm structure and cell activity to provide a more comprehensive understanding of biofilm biology. Thus, we developed oxygen-sensing microparticles specifically designed to characterize oxygen transport through the volume of bacterial biofilms. The Stöber method was used to synthesize monodisperse silica microparticles of approximately the same size as a bacterium (∼ 1 µm). Two fluorophores, oxygen-sensitive Ru(Ph(2) phen(3))Cl(2), and the reference fluorophore Nile blue chloride were immobilized on the surface of the particles. We demonstrate application of the microparticles toward measuring the oxygen concentration profiles within a live Staphylococcus aureus biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Acosta
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vallejos JR, Micheletti M, Brorson KA, Moreira AR, Rao G. Optical sensor enabled rocking T-flasks as novel upstream bioprocessing tools. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2295-305. [PMID: 22473759 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, novel disposable cell culture vessels (generally referred to as Process Scouting Devices or PSDs) have become increasingly popular for laboratory scale studies and seed culture generation. However, the lack of engineering characterization and online monitoring tools for PSDs makes it difficult to elucidate their oxygen transfer capabilities. In this study, a mass transfer characterization (k(L)a) of sensor enabled static and rocking T-flasks is presented and compared with other non-instrumented PSDs such as CultiFlask 50®, spinner flasks, and SuperSpinner D 1000®. We have also developed a mass transfer empirical correlation that accounts for the contribution of convection and diffusion to the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k(L)a) in rocking T-flasks. We also carried out a scale-down study at matched k(L) a between a rocking T75-flask and a 10 L (2 L filling volume) wave bioreactor (Cultibag®) and we observed similar DO and pH profiles as well as maximum cell density and protein titer. However, in this scale-down study, we also observed a negative correlation between cell growth and protein productivity between the rocking T-flask and the wave bioreactor. We hypothesize that this negative correlation can be due to hydrodynamic stress difference between the rocking T-flask and the Cultibag. As both cell culture devices share key similarities such as type of agitation (i.e., rocking), oxygen transfer capabilities (i.e., k(L)a) and disposability, we argue that rocking T-flasks can be readily integrated with wave bioreactors, making the transition from research-scale to manufacturing-scale a seamless process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Vallejos
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim BJ, Zhao T, Young L, Zhou P, Shuler ML. Batch, fed-batch, and microcarrier cultures with CHO cell lines in a pressure-cycle driven miniaturized bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:137-45. [PMID: 21965160 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized bioreactors for suspension cultures of animal cells, such as Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, could improve bioprocess development through the ability to cheaply explore a wide range of bioprocess operating conditions. A miniaturized pressure-cycled bioreactor for animal cell cultures, described previously (Diao et al., 2008), was tested with a suspension CHO cell line producing commercially relevant quantities of human IgG. Results from the suspended CHO cell line showed that the cell growth was comparable to conventional flask controls and the target protein production was enhanced in the minibioreactor, which may be due to the relatively high oxygen transfer rate and the moderate shear stress, measured and simulated previously. Microcarrier culture using an anchorage-dependent CHO cell line and Cytodex 3 also showed a similar result: comparable growth and enhanced production of a model protein (secreted alkaline phosphatase or SEAP). Various fed-batch schemes were applied to the CHO cells producing human IgG, yielding cell numbers (1.1 × 10(7) /mL) at day 8 and titers of human IgG (2.3 g/L) at day 14 that are typical industrial values for CHO cell fed-batch cultures. The alteration of the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient is a key parameter for viability of the CHO cell line producing human IgG. We conclude that the minibioreactor can provide favorable cell culture environments; oxygen transfer coefficient and mixing time can be altered to mimic values in a larger scale system allowing for potential prediction of response during scale-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beum Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bambrick LL, Kostov Y, Rao G. In vitro cell culture pO2 is significantly different from incubator pO2. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1185-9. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
39
|
Vallejos JR, Brorson KA, Moreira AR, Rao G. Integrating a 250 mL-spinner flask with other stirred bench-scale cell culture devices: a mass transfer perspective. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:803-10. [PMID: 21523928 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bioprocess development cycle is a complex task that requires a complete understanding of the engineering of the process (e.g., mass transfer, mixing, CO(2) removal, process monitoring, and control) and its affect on cell biology and product quality. Despite their widespread use in bioprocess development, spinner flasks generally lack engineering characterization of critical physical parameters such as k(L)a, P/V, or mixing time. In this study, mass transfer characterization of a 250-mL spinner flask using optical patch-based sensors is presented. The results quantitatively show the effect of the impeller type, liquid filling volume, and agitation speed on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k(L)a) in a 250-mL spinner flask, and how they can be manipulated to match mass transfer capability at large culture devices. Thus, process understanding in spinner flasks can be improved, and these devices can be seamlessly integrated in a rational scale-up strategy from cell thawing to bench-scale bioreactors (and beyond) in biomanufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Vallejos
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Achatz DE, Meier RJ, Fischer LH, Wolfbeis OS. Luminescent sensing of oxygen using a quenchable probe and upconverting nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:260-3. [PMID: 21031387 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E Achatz
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Achatz DE, Meier RJ, Fischer LH, Wolfbeis OS. Luminescent Sensing of Oxygen Using a Quenchable Probe and Upconverting Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E. Achatz
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo‐ and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Robert J. Meier
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo‐ and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Lorenz H. Fischer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo‐ and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
| | - Otto S. Wolfbeis
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo‐ and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg (Germany)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lyagin E, Drews A, Bhattacharya S, Ansorge-Schumacher MB, Kraume M. Continuous screening system for inhibited enzyme catalysis: A membrane reactor approach. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:813-21. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
43
|
Ben-Tchavtchavadze M, Chen J, Perrier M, Jolicoeur M. A noninvasive technique for the measurement of the energetic state of free-suspension mammalian cells. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:532-41. [PMID: 19938168 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A perfusion small-scale bioreactor allowing on-line monitoring of the cell energetic state was developed for free-suspension mammalian cells. The bioreactor was designed to perform in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which is a noninvasive and nondestructive method that permits the monitoring of intracellular nutrient concentrations, metabolic precursors and intermediates, as well as metabolites and energy shuttles, such as ATP, ADP, and NADPH. The bioreactor was made of a 10-mm NMR tube following a fluidized bed design. Perfusion flow rate allowing for adequate oxygen supply was found to be above 0.79 mL min(-1) for high-density cell suspensions (10(8) cells). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were studied here as model system. Hydrodynamic studies using coloration/decoloration and residence time distribution measurements were realized to perfect bioreactor design as well as to determine operating conditions bestowing adequate homogeneous mixing and cell retention in the NMR reading zone. In vivo (31)P NMR was performed and demonstrated the small-scale bioreactor platform ability to monitor the cell physiological behavior for 30-min experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ben-Tchavtchavadze
- Canada Research Chair on the Development of Metabolic Engineering Tools, Bio-P2 Research Unit, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Wang XD, Meier R, Link M, Wolfbeis O. Photographing Oxygen Distribution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4907-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
46
|
Vallejos JR, Brorson KA, Moreira AR, Rao G. Dissolved oxygen and pH profile evolution after cryovial thaw and repeated cell passaging in a T-75 flask. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 105:1040-7. [PMID: 20047191 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Routine cell culture is done in small-scale disposable vessels (typically 0.1-100 mL volumes) in academia and industry. Despite their wide use in bioprocess development (i.e., process optimization and process validation), miniature process scouting devices (PSDs) are considered "black boxes" because they are generally not equipped with sensors. In this study, we show that on-line monitoring of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH in a T-75 flask-based PSD can be achieved during cell passaging and that this information can be linked to different cellular metabolic states. In this case, on-line monitoring of DO and pH show three distinctive metabolic regions in passages 1-18, 19-28, 29-54 and in particular, the shift in the pH curve, the specific oxygen uptake rate (q(O2)), and the lactate production rate to the oxygen consumption rate yield (Y(Lac/ox)) confirm the existence of these distinctive metabolic regions. These findings are particularly useful because they show that sensor equipped PSDs can help to monitor cell culture behavior after thaw, in pre- and seed culture prior to scale-up and in development/optimization studies. Such routine monitoring will help to develop more consistent cell culture techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Vallejos
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Estella J, Wencel D, Moore JP, Sourdaine M, McDonagh C. Fabrication and performance evaluation of highly sensitive hybrid sol–gel-derived oxygen sensor films based on a fluorinated precursor. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 666:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
48
|
Bäcker M, Beging S, Biselli M, Poghossian A, Wang J, Zang W, Wagner P, Schöning M. Concept for a solid-state multi-parameter sensor system for cell-culture monitoring. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
49
|
Silk NJ, Denby S, Lewis G, Kuiper M, Hatton D, Field R, Baganz F, Lye GJ. Fed-batch operation of an industrial cell culture process in shaken microwells. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 32:73-8. [PMID: 19760119 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently we have demonstrated batch suspension culture of mammalian cells in microwell plates. Here we describe a method for fed-batch culture of an industrially relevant GS-CHO (Glutamine Synthetase-Chinese Hamster Ovary) cell line in shaken 24-standard round well (24-SRW) plates. Use of a commercially available 'sandwich lid' and appropriate dilution of the bolus feeds counteracted liquid evaporation from the wells resulting in similar cell growth and antibody formation kinetics in both 24-SRW plates (800 mul) and shaken flasks (50 ml). Peak viable cell densities obtained were 8 +/- 0.5 x 10(6) and 9 +/- 1.3 x 10(6) ml(-1), respectively, while comparable final titres of a whole IgG of approximately 1.5 g l(-1) were recorded. Use of microwells provides at least a 50-fold reduction in medium requirements compared to shake-flask and other culture devices currently used in early stage cell culture process development. The ability to run multiple wells in parallel and to automate culture operation also offers considerable enhancements in experimental throughput.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Silk
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hanson MA, Brorson KA, Moreira AR, Rao G. Comparisons of optically monitored small-scale stirred tank vessels to optically controlled disposable bag bioreactors. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:44. [PMID: 19656387 PMCID: PMC2731076 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Upstream bioprocesses are extremely complex since living organisms are used to generate active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Cells in culture behave uniquely in response to their environment, thus culture conditions must be precisely defined and controlled in order for productivity and product quality to be reproducible. Thus, development culturing platforms are needed where many experiments can be carried out at once and pertinent scale-up information can be obtained. Results Here we have tested a High Throughput Bioreactor (HTBR) as a scale-down model for a lab-scale wave-type bioreactor (CultiBag). Mass transfer was characterized in both systems and scaling based on volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa) was sufficient to give similar DO trends. HTBR and CultiBag cell growth and mAb production were highly comparable in the first experiment where DO and pH were allowed to vary freely. In the second experiment, growth and mAb production rates were lower in the HTBR as compared to the CultiBag, where pH was controlled. The differences in magnitude were not considered significant for biological systems. Conclusion Similar oxygen delivery rates were achieved in both systems, leading to comparable culture performance (growth and mAb production) across scales and mode of mixing. HTBR model was most fitting when neither system was pH-controlled, providing an information-rich alternative to typically non-monitored mL-scale platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hanson
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|