1
|
Giannuzzi L, Bacciadone J, Salerno GL. A Promising Use of Trimethyl Chitosan for Removing Microcystis aeruginosa in Water Treatment Processes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102052. [PMID: 36296328 PMCID: PMC9610100 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in cyanobacterial blooms linked to climate change and the eutrophication of water bodies is a global concern. The harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the most common bloom-forming species whose removal from fresh water and, in particular, from that used for water treatment processes, remains a crucial goal. Different biodegradable and environmentally friendly coagulants/flocculants have been assayed, with chitosan showing a very good performance. However, chitosan in its original form is of limited applicability since it is only soluble in acid solution. The objective of this work was therefore to test the coagulant/flocculant capacity of trimethylchitosan (TMC), a chitosan derivative produced from residues of the fishing industry. TMC has a constitutively net positive charge enabling it to remain in solution regardless of the pH. Results show that even at alkaline pHs, common during cyanobacterial blooms, TMC is effective in removing buoyant cyanobacteria from the water column, both in test tube and Jar-Test experiments. Cell integrity was confirmed by fluorescent stain and electron microscopy. Our findings lead us to conclude that the use of TMC to remove bloom cells early in the treatment of drinking water is both feasible and promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leda Giannuzzi
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA-CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Correspondence:
| | - Julián Bacciadone
- Fundación Para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes 3103, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Graciela L. Salerno
- Fundación Para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes 3103, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuzhiumparambil U, Labeeuw L, Commault A, Vu HP, Nguyen LN, Ralph PJ, Nghiem LD. Effects of harvesting on morphological and biochemical characteristics of microalgal biomass harvested by polyacrylamide addition, pH-induced flocculation, and centrifugation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127433. [PMID: 35680089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microalgae harvesting methods on microalgal biomass quality were evaluated using three species namely the freshwater green alga Chlorella vulgaris, marine red alga Porphyridium purpureum and marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Harvesting efficiencies of polyacrylamide addition, alkaline addition, and centrifugation ranged from 85 to 95, 59-92 and 100%, respectively, across these species. Morphology of the harvested cells (i.e. compromised cell walls) was significantly impacted by alkaline pH-induced flocculation for all three species. Over 50% of C. vulgaris cells were compromised with alkaline pH compared to < 10% with polyacrylamide and centrifugation. The metabolic profiles varied depending on harvesting methods. Species-specific decrease of certain metabolites was observed. These results suggest that the method of harvest can alter the metabolic profile of the biomass amongst the three harvesting methods, polyacrylamide addition showed higher harvesting efficiency with less compromised cells and higher retention of industry important biochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leen Labeeuw
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Audrey Commault
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hang P Vu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Luong N Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roy I, Patel A, Kumar V, Nanda T, Assenberg R, Wuchner K, Amin K. Polysorbate Degradation and Particle Formation in a High Concentration mAb: Formulation Strategies to Minimize Effect of Enzymatic Polysorbate Degradation. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3313-3323. [PMID: 34077768 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polysorbate (PS) 20 and 80 are the most common surfactants in monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug product (DP) formulations. Residual host cell proteins (HCP) present at extremely low concentrations in DP formulations can maintain enough enzymatic activity to degrade PS surfactants. Over time, the hydrolysis of surfactant causes the accumulation of minimally soluble free fatty acids resulting in precipitation and formation of subvisible and visible particulates. This manuscript summarizes the investigation of a batch of high concentration (>100 mg/mL) mAb DP where subvisible particles formed abruptly after prolonged storage at 5C°. The work also summarizes the effectiveness of different strategies for managing host cell proteins and fatty acid particles. The concentration and fatty acid composition of polysorbates were found to be significant factors in particle development. Solubilizers and alternative surfactants were all shown to be effective means of preventing particle formation. Lipase inhibitors proved to be a simple means to identify the problem but are more difficult to utilize as a solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Roy
- Drug Product Development, BioTherapeutics Development, Janssen Research & Development, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Ashaben Patel
- Drug Product Development, BioTherapeutics Development, Janssen Research & Development, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Drug Product Development, BioTherapeutics Development, Janssen Research & Development, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Tatiana Nanda
- Drug Product Development, BioTherapeutics Development, Janssen Research & Development, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Rene Assenberg
- Analytical Development, BioTherapeutics Development, Janssen Research & Development, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Klaus Wuchner
- Analytical Development, BioTherapeutics Development, Janssen Research & Development, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Ketan Amin
- Drug Product Development, BioTherapeutics Development, Janssen Research & Development, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hadpe SR, Mohite V, Alva S, Rathore AS. Pretreatments for enhancing clarification efficiency of depth filtration during production of monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2996. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep R. Hadpe
- Research and Development Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Special Economic Zone Bangalore India
| | - Vipin Mohite
- Research and Development Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Special Economic Zone Bangalore India
| | - Solomon Alva
- Research and Development Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Special Economic Zone Bangalore India
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Comparison of Cationic Flocculants for the Clarification of CHO-derived Monoclonal Antibodies. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
6
|
Application of a genome-scale model in tandem with enzyme assays for identification of metabolic signatures of high and low CHO cell producers. Metab Eng Commun 2019; 9:e00097. [PMID: 31720213 PMCID: PMC6838488 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2019.e00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical industrial processes are based on high yielding stable recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells that express monoclonal antibodies. However, the process and feeding regimes need to be adapted for each new cell line, as they all have a slightly different metabolism and product performance. A main limitation for accelerating process development is that the metabolic pathways underlying this physiological variability are not yet fully understood. This study describes the evolution of intracellular fluxes during the process for 4 industrial cell lines, 2 high producers and 2 low producers (n = 3), all of them producing a different antibody. In order to understand from a metabolic point of view the phenotypic differences observed, and to find potential targets for improving specific productivity of low producers, the analysis was supported by a tailored genome-scale model and was validated with enzymatic assays performed at different days of the process. A total of 59 reactions were examined from different key pathways, namely glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, lipid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. The intracellular fluxes did not show a metabolic correlation between high producers, but the degree of similitude observed between cell lines could be confirmed with additional experimental observations. The whole analysis led to a better understanding of the metabolic requirements for all the cell lines, allowed to the identification of metabolic bottlenecks and suggested targets for further cell line engineering. This study is a successful application of a curated genome-scale model to multiple industrial cell lines, which makes the metabolic model suitable for process platform.
Collapse
|
7
|
Patil R, Walther J. Continuous Manufacturing of Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins: Upstream and Downstream Technologies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:277-322. [PMID: 28265699 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous biomanufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins offers several potential advantages over conventional batch processing, including reduced cost of goods, more flexible and responsive manufacturing facilities, and improved and consistent product quality. Although continuous approaches to various upstream and downstream unit operations have been considered and studied for decades, in recent years interest and application have accelerated. Researchers have achieved increasingly higher levels of process intensification, and have also begun to integrate different continuous unit operations into larger, holistically continuous processes. This review first discusses approaches for continuous cell culture, with a focus on perfusion-enabling cell separation technologies including gravitational, centrifugal, and acoustic settling, as well as filtration-based techniques. We follow with a review of various continuous downstream unit operations, covering categories such as clarification, chromatography, formulation, and viral inactivation and filtration. The review ends by summarizing case studies of integrated and continuous processing as reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Patil
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Jason Walther
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Turner R, Joseph A, Titchener-Hooker N, Bender J. Manufacturing of Proteins and Antibodies: Chapter Downstream Processing Technologies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:95-114. [PMID: 28776064 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell harvesting is the separation or retention of cells and cellular debris from the supernatant containing the target molecule Selection of harvest method strongly depends on the type of cells, mode of bioreactor operation, process scale, and characteristics of the product and cell culture fluid. Most traditional harvesting methods use some form of filtration, centrifugation, or a combination of both for cell separation and/or retention. Filtration methods include normal flow depth filtration and tangential flow microfiltration. The ability to scale down predictably the selected harvest method helps to ensure successful production and is critical for conducting small-scale characterization studies for confirming parameter targets and ranges. In this chapter we describe centrifugation and depth filtration harvesting methods, share strategies for harvest optimization, present recent developments in centrifugation scale-down models, and review alternative harvesting technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Turner
- MedImmune LLC Gaithersburg Headquarters, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Adrian Joseph
- The Advanced Centre of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nigel Titchener-Hooker
- The Advanced Centre of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jean Bender
- MedImmune LLC Gaithersburg Headquarters, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Avila L, Cascone O, Biscoglio M, Fingermann M. An effective, simple and low-cost pretreatment for culture clarification in tetanus toxoid production. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:808-814. [PMID: 30265189 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1509085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemically inactivated tetanus toxin (tetanus toxoid, TT), purified from cultures of a virulent Clostridium tetani strain, is the active pharmaceutical ingredient of anti-tetanus vaccines. Culture clarification for TT production and is usually performed by filtration-based techniques. Final clarification of the culture supernatant is achieved by passage through 0.2 µm pore size filtering membranes. Large particles removal (primary clarification) before final filtration (secondary clarification) reduces costs of the overall clarification process. With this aim, chitosan-induced particle aggregation was assessed as an alternative for primary clarification. Three chitosan variants were tested with similar results. Optimal clarification of culture supernatant was achieved by the addition of 8 mg chitosan per l of culture. Extrapolation analysis of filter sizing results indicate that 100 l of chitosan-treated supernatant can be finally filtered with a 0.6 m2 normal filtration cartridge of 0.45 + 0.2 µm pore size. The clarified material is compatible with current standard downstream processing techniques for TT purification. Thus, chitosan-induced particle aggregation is a suitable operation for primary clarification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Avila
- a INPB, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" , Vélez Sársfield 563 , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Cascone
- a INPB, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" , Vélez Sársfield 563 , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,b NANOBIOTEC - Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica , Junín 956 , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Mirtha Biscoglio
- a INPB, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" , Vélez Sársfield 563 , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,c IQUIFIB - Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica , Junín 956 , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Matías Fingermann
- a INPB, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" , Vélez Sársfield 563 , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Henao-Díaz YA, Giménez-Lirola L, Poonsuk K, Cheng TY, Wang C, Ji J, Baum DH, Main RG, Zimmerman JJ. Effect of chemical clarification of oral fluids on the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus IgG. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:671-677. [PMID: 30027835 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718789220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine collection and testing of oral fluid (OF) samples facilitates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) surveillance in commercial swine herds in a cost-effective, welfare-friendly fashion. However, OFs often contain environmental contaminants that may affect liquid handling and test performance. Traditional processing methods (e.g., filtration or centrifugation) are not compatible with high-throughput testing because of the burden of additional processing costs and time. OF "clarification" using chemical flocculants is an alternative approach not widely explored. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of chitosan-based clarification treatment on a commercial PRRSV OF ELISA. Serum and individual OFs were collected from vaccinated pigs ( n = 17) at -7 to 42 d post-vaccination and subdivided into 4 aliquots. Each aliquot was clarified (treatment A, B, C), with the 4th aliquot serving as untreated control. All samples were tested by PRRSV OF ELISA immediately after treatment and then were held at 4°C to be re-tested at 2, 4, 6, and 14 d post-treatment. Quantitative and qualitative treatment effects were evaluated. A Kruskal-Wallis test found no significant difference in ELISA S/P responses among treatments by days post-treatment. No difference was detected in the proportion of positive PRRSV antibody samples among treatments (Cochran Q, p > 0.05). Treatment of swine OFs using chitosan-based formulations did not affect the performance of a commercial PRRSV OF ELISA. Chitosan (or other flocculants) could improve OF characteristics and could be adapted for use in the field or in high-throughput laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuly A Henao-Díaz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Henao-Díaz, Giménez-Lirola, Poonsuk, Cheng, Wang, Baum, Main, Zimmerman), Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Wang, Ji), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Luis Giménez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Henao-Díaz, Giménez-Lirola, Poonsuk, Cheng, Wang, Baum, Main, Zimmerman), Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Wang, Ji), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Korakrit Poonsuk
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Henao-Díaz, Giménez-Lirola, Poonsuk, Cheng, Wang, Baum, Main, Zimmerman), Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Wang, Ji), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Henao-Díaz, Giménez-Lirola, Poonsuk, Cheng, Wang, Baum, Main, Zimmerman), Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Wang, Ji), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Henao-Díaz, Giménez-Lirola, Poonsuk, Cheng, Wang, Baum, Main, Zimmerman), Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Wang, Ji), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Ju Ji
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Henao-Díaz, Giménez-Lirola, Poonsuk, Cheng, Wang, Baum, Main, Zimmerman), Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Wang, Ji), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - David H Baum
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Henao-Díaz, Giménez-Lirola, Poonsuk, Cheng, Wang, Baum, Main, Zimmerman), Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Wang, Ji), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Rodger G Main
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Henao-Díaz, Giménez-Lirola, Poonsuk, Cheng, Wang, Baum, Main, Zimmerman), Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Wang, Ji), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Jeffrey J Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Henao-Díaz, Giménez-Lirola, Poonsuk, Cheng, Wang, Baum, Main, Zimmerman), Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Wang, Ji), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Burgstaller D, Krepper W, Haas J, Maszelin M, Mohoric J, Pajnic K, Jungbauer A, Satzer P. Continuous cell flocculation for recombinant antibody harvesting. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2018; 93:1881-1890. [PMID: 30008503 PMCID: PMC6033189 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrated continuous production technology is of great interest in biopharmaceutical industry. Efficient, flexible and cost effective methods for continuous cell removal have to be developed, before a fully continuous and integrated product train can be realized. The paper describes the development and testing of such an integrated continuous and disposable set-up for cell separation by flocculation combined with depth filtration. RESULTS Screening of multiple flocculation agents, depth filters, and conditions demonstrated that the best performance was obtained with 0.0375% polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (pDADMAC; a polycationic flocculation agent) in combination with Clarisolve® depth filters. Using this set-up, a 4-fold decrease of filtration area was achieved relative to standard filtration without flocculation, with yields of ≥97% and DNA depletion of up to 99%. Continuous operation was accomplished using a simple tubular reactor design with parallelization of the filtration. The reactor length was selected to allow a 13.2-min residence time, which was sufficient to complete flocculation in batch experiments. Continuous flocculation performance was monitored on-line using focused beam reflectance measurement. Filter switch cycles based on upstream pressure were controlled by in-line pressure sensors, and were stable from one filter to the next. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that stable and efficient continuous flocculation associated with depth filtration can be easily accomplished using tubular reactors and parallelization. Continuous cell separation is essential for the development of fully continuous integrated process trains. This cost-efficient disposable design run in continuous mode significantly reduces facility foot print, process costs and enables great flexbility. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Burgstaller
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Walpurga Krepper
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | | | | | | | | | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB)ViennaAustria
| | - Peter Satzer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Flocculation of CHO cells for primary separation of recombinant glycoproteins: Effect on glycosylation profiles. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Schmitt MG, Rajendra Y, Hougland MD, Boyles JS, Barnard GC. Polymer-mediated flocculation of transient CHO cultures as a simple, high throughput method to facilitate antibody discovery. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1393-1400. [PMID: 28722325 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Most biopharmaceutical drugs, especially monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) and Fc-fusion proteins, are expressed using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. CHO cells typically yield high product titers and high product quality. Unfortunately, CHO cell lines also generate high molecular weight (HMW) aggregates of the desired product during cell culture along with CHO host cell protein (HCP) and CHO DNA. These immunogenic species, co-purified during Protein A purification, must be removed in a multi-step purification process. Our colleagues have reported the use of a novel polymer-mediated flocculation step to simultaneously reduce HMW, HCP and DNA from stable CHO cell cultures prior to Protein A purification. The objective of this study was to evaluate this novel "smart polymer" (SmP) in a high throughput antibody discovery workflow using transiently transfected CHO cultures. SmP treatment of 19 different molecules from four distinct molecular categories (human mAbs, murine mAbs, BsAbs and Fabs) with 0.1% SmP and 25 mM stimulus resulted in minimal loss of monomeric protein. Treatment with SmP also demonstrated a variable, concentration-dependent removal of HMW aggregates after Protein A purification. SmP treatment also effectively reduced HCP levels at each step of mAb purification with final HCP levels being several fold lower than the untreated control. Interestingly, SmP treatment was able to significantly reduce high concentrations of artificially spiked levels of endotoxin in the cultures. In summary, adding a simple flocculation step to our existing transient CHO process reduced the downstream purification burden to remove impurities and improved final product quality. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1393-1400, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Schmitt
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285
| | - Yashas Rajendra
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285
| | - Maria D Hougland
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285
| | - Jeffrey S Boyles
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285
| | - Gavin C Barnard
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Extraction of flocculants from a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis and analysis of their properties. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
15
|
Effective strategies for host cell protein clearance in downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 134:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
16
|
Shukla AA, Wolfe LS, Mostafa SS, Norman C. Evolving trends in mAb production processes. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:58-69. [PMID: 29313024 PMCID: PMC5689530 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have established themselves as the leading biopharmaceutical therapeutic modality. The establishment of robust manufacturing platforms are key for antibody drug discovery efforts to seamlessly translate into clinical and commercial successes. Several drivers are influencing the design of mAb manufacturing processes. The advent of biosimilars is driving a desire to achieve lower cost of goods and globalize biologics manufacturing. High titers are now routinely achieved for mAbs in mammalian cell culture. These drivers have resulted in significant evolution in process platform approaches. Additionally, several new trends in bioprocessing have arisen in keeping with these needs. These include the consideration of alternative expression systems, continuous biomanufacturing and non-chromatographic separation formats. This paper discusses these drivers in the context of the kinds of changes they are driving in mAb production processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie S. Wolfe
- Process Development & ManufacturingKBI Biopharma Inc.DurhamNC27704
| | - Sigma S. Mostafa
- Process Development & ManufacturingKBI Biopharma Inc.DurhamNC27704
| | - Carnley Norman
- Process Development & ManufacturingKBI Biopharma Inc.DurhamNC27704
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen G, Su Z, Li F, Liu HF. Application of calcium phosphate flocculation in high-density cell culture fluid with high product titer of monoclonal antibody. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:703-714. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
18
|
Popova D, Stonier A, Pain D, Titchener-Hooker NJ, Farid SS. Integrated economic and experimental framework for screening of primary recovery technologies for high cell density CHO cultures. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:899-909. [PMID: 27067803 PMCID: PMC4999028 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increases in mammalian cell culture titres and densities have placed significant demands on primary recovery operation performance. This article presents a methodology which aims to screen rapidly and evaluate primary recovery technologies for their scope for technically feasible and cost‐effective operation in the context of high cell density mammalian cell cultures. It was applied to assess the performance of current (centrifugation and depth filtration options) and alternative (tangential flow filtration (TFF)) primary recovery strategies. Cell culture test materials (CCTM) were generated to simulate the most demanding cell culture conditions selected as a screening challenge for the technologies. The performance of these technology options was assessed using lab scale and ultra scale‐down (USD) mimics requiring 25–110mL volumes for centrifugation and depth filtration and TFF screening experiments respectively. A centrifugation and depth filtration combination as well as both of the alternative technologies met the performance selection criteria. A detailed process economics evaluation was carried out at three scales of manufacturing (2,000L, 10,000L, 20,000L), where alternative primary recovery options were shown to potentially provide a more cost‐effective primary recovery process in the future. This assessment process and the study results can aid technology selection to identify the most effective option for a specific scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Popova
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - David Pain
- Lonza Biologics plc, Slough, Berkshire, UK
| | | | - Suzanne S Farid
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Voulgaris I, Chatel A, Hoare M, Finka G, Uden M. Evaluation of options for harvest of a recombinant E. Coli fermentation producing a domain antibody using ultra scale-down techniques and pilot-scale verification. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:382-92. [PMID: 26698375 PMCID: PMC4991298 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultra scale‐down (USD) methods operating at the millilitre scale were used to characterise full‐scale processing of E. coli fermentation broths autolysed to different extents for release of a domain antibody. The focus was on the primary clarification stages involving continuous centrifugation followed by depth filtration. The performance of this sequence was predicted by USD studies to decrease significantly with increased extents of cell lysis. The use of polyethyleneimine reagent was studied to treat the lysed cell broth by precipitation of soluble contaminants such as DNA and flocculation of cell debris material. The USD studies were used to predict the impact of this treatment on the performance and here it was found that the fermentation could be run to maximum productivity using an acceptable clarification process (e.g., a centrifugation stage operating at 0.11 L/m2 equivalent gravity settling area per hour followed by a resultant required depth filter area of 0.07 m2/L supernatant). A range of USD predictions was verified at the pilot scale for centrifugation followed by depth filtration. © 2016 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:382–392, 2016
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Voulgaris
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, UCL, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT.,Biopharm Process Research, BioPharm R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, R&D, Stevenage, SG1 2NY
| | - Alex Chatel
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, UCL, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT
| | - Mike Hoare
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, UCL, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT
| | - Gary Finka
- Biopharm Process Research, BioPharm R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, R&D, Stevenage, SG1 2NY
| | - Mark Uden
- Biopharm Process Research, BioPharm R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, R&D, Stevenage, SG1 2NY
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu Y, Pei H, Hu W, Jin Y, Xu H, Ren Y, Xue D. Effect of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt on the growth and microcystins release of Microcystis aeruginosa. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This present study was the first time to research the application potential of HTCC inM. aeruginosacontrol. To balance the inhibition efficiency ofM. aeruginosaand the release of MCs, 1.2 mg L−1was chosen as appropriate dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology
| | - Wenrong Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Ying Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Di Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Besnard L, Fabre V, Fettig M, Gousseinov E, Kawakami Y, Laroudie N, Scanlan C, Pattnaik P. Clarification of vaccines: An overview of filter based technology trends and best practices. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
22
|
McNerney T, Thomas A, Senczuk A, Petty K, Zhao X, Piper R, Carvalho J, Hammond M, Sawant S, Bussiere J. PDADMAC flocculation of Chinese hamster ovary cells: enabling a centrifuge-less harvest process for monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2015; 7:413-28. [PMID: 25706650 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1007824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High titer (>10 g/L) monoclonal antibody (mAb) cell culture processes are typically achieved by maintaining high viable cell densities over longer culture durations. A corresponding increase in the solids and sub-micron cellular debris particle levels are also observed. This higher burden of solids (≥15%) and sub-micron particles typically exceeds the capabilities of a continuous centrifuge to effectively remove the solids without a substantial loss of product and/or the capacity of the harvest filtration train (depth filter followed by membrane filter) used to clarify the centrate. We discuss here the use of a novel and simple two-polymer flocculation method used to harvest mAb from high cell mass cell culture processes. The addition of the polycationic polymer, poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) to the cell culture broth flocculates negatively-charged cells and cellular debris via an ionic interaction mechanism. Incorporation of a non-ionic polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the PDADMAC flocculation results in larger flocculated particles with faster settling rate compared to PDADMAC-only flocculation. PDADMAC also flocculates the negatively-charged sub-micron particles to produce a feed stream with a significantly higher harvest filter train throughput compared to a typical centrifuged harvest feed stream. Cell culture process variability such as lactate production, cellular debris and cellular densities were investigated to determine the effect on flocculation. Since PDADMAC is cytotoxic, purification process clearance and toxicity assessment were performed.
Collapse
Key Words
- CCF, clarified centrifuged cell culture fluid
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- DADMAC, diallyldimethylammonium chloride
- DF, diafiltration volume
- FBRM, focused beam reflectance measurement
- HCP, host cell proteins
- HI, hemolytic index
- IV, intravenous
- MF, microfiltration
- MW, molecular weight
- NTU, Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PCV, packed cell volume
- PDADMAC, poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- QPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- RBC, red blood cells
- TC, total cells
- VCD, viable cell density
- cytotoxicity
- in-vitro hemolysis
- in-vivo rodent toxicity
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- mammalian cell culture
- monoclonal antibody
- n-aPA, neutralized acidified Protein A pool
- particles/s, particles per second
- polycationic flocculation harvest
- rcf, relative centrifugal force
- reagent clearance
- w/v, weight to volume
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas McNerney
- a Purification Process Development ; Amgen Inc. ; Seattle , WA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Singh N, Arunkumar A, Chollangi S, Tan ZG, Borys M, Li ZJ. Clarification technologies for monoclonal antibody manufacturing processes: Current state and future perspectives. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:698-716. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Singh
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Abhiram Arunkumar
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Srinivas Chollangi
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Zhijun George Tan
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Michael Borys
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development; Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb; 35 South Street Hopkinton Massachusetts 01748
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Popova D, Stonier A, Pain D, Titchener-Hooker NJ, Farid SS. Representative mammalian cell culture test materials for assessment of primary recovery technologies: a rapid method with industrial applicability. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:162-70. [PMID: 25377169 PMCID: PMC4674960 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell culture material is often difficult to produce accurately and reproducibly for downstream studies. This article presents a methodology for the creation of a set of cell culture test materials where key variables including cell density, cell viability, product, and the host cell protein (HCP) load can be manipulated individually. The methodology was developed using a glutamine synthetase Chinese hamster ovary cell line cultured at 5-L and 70-L scales. Cell concentration post-cell growth was manipulated using tangential flow filtration to generate a range of target cell densities of up to 100 × 106 cells/mL. A method to prepare an apoptotic cell stock to achieve target viabilities of 40–90% is also described. In addition, a range of IgG1 and HCP concentrations was achieved. The results illustrate that the proposed methodology is able to mimic different cell culture profiles by decoupling the control of the key variables. The cell culture test materials were shown to be representative of typical cell culture feed material in terms of particle size distribution and HCP population. This provides a rapid method to create the required feeds for assessing the feasibility of primary recovery technologies designed to cope with higher cell density cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Popova
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
The present state of the art in expression, production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies. Mol Divers 2015; 20:255-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
26
|
Rosenberg YJ, Walker J, Jiang X, Donahue S, Robosky J, Sack M, Lees J, Urban L. A highly stable minimally processed plant-derived recombinant acetylcholinesterase for nerve agent detection in adverse conditions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13247. [PMID: 26268538 PMCID: PMC4642508 DOI: 10.1038/srep13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent innovations in transient plant systems have enabled gram quantities of proteins in 1-2 weeks, very few have been translated into applications due to technical challenges and high downstream processing costs. Here we report high-level production, using a Nicotiana benthamiana/p19 system, of an engineered recombinant human acetylcholinesterase (rAChE) that is highly stable in a minimally processed leaf extract. Lyophylized clarified extracts withstand prolonged storage at 70 °C and, upon reconstitution, can be used in several devices to detect organophosphate (OP) nerve agents and pesticides on surfaces ranging from 0 °C to 50 °C. The recent use of sarin in Syria highlights the urgent need for nerve agent detection and countermeasures necessary for preparedness and emergency responses. Bypassing cumbersome and expensive downstream processes has enabled us to fully exploit the speed, low cost and scalability of transient production systems resulting in the first successful implementation of plant-produced rAChE into a commercial biotechnology product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Markus Sack
- Institute for molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Soares RRG, Azevedo AM, Van Alstine JM, Aires-Barros MR. Partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems: Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Biotechnol J 2015. [PMID: 26213222 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For half a century aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have been applied for the extraction and purification of biomolecules. In spite of their simplicity, selectivity, and relatively low cost they have not been significantly employed for industrial scale bioprocessing. Recently their ability to be readily scaled and interface easily in single-use, flexible biomanufacturing has led to industrial re-evaluation of ATPSs. The purpose of this review is to perform a SWOT analysis that includes a discussion of: (i) strengths of ATPS partitioning as an effective and simple platform for biomolecule purification; (ii) weaknesses of ATPS partitioning in regard to intrinsic problems and possible solutions; (iii) opportunities related to biotechnological challenges that ATPS partitioning may solve; and (iv) threats related to alternative techniques that may compete with ATPS in performance, economic benefits, scale up and reliability. This approach provides insight into the current status of ATPS as a bioprocessing technique and it can be concluded that most of the perceived weakness towards industrial implementation have now been largely overcome, thus paving the way for opportunities in fermentation feed clarification, integration in multi-stage operations and in single-step purification processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben R G Soares
- IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Azevedo
- IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - James M Van Alstine
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,JMVA Biotech, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Raquel Aires-Barros
- IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bhaskar U, Hickey AM, Li G, Mundra RV, Zhang F, Fu L, Cai C, Ou Z, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. A purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides using the pH responsive behavior of chitosan. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1348-59. [PMID: 26147064 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The contamination crisis of 2008 has brought to light several risks associated with use of animal tissue derived heparin. Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. Intensive process engineering efforts are required to achieve a cost-competitive process for bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins. Towards this goal, we have used 96-well plate based screening for development of a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides. The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Bhaskar
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Anne M Hickey
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Guoyun Li
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Ruchir V Mundra
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Li Fu
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Chao Cai
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Zhimin Ou
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept. of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept. of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Industrial application of impurity flocculation to streamline antibody purification processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.15.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
30
|
What can cell culture flocculation offer for antibody purification processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.14.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Mazeika D, Streckis S, Radzevicius K, Liesiene J, Valancius Z. Flocculation ofBacillus amyloliquefaciens HDisintegrates with Cationized Starch and Aminated Hydroxyethylcellulose. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.893528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
32
|
Espuny Garcia Del Real G, Davies J, Bracewell DG. Scale-down characterization of post-centrifuge flocculation processes for high-throughput process development. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:2486-98. [PMID: 24942244 PMCID: PMC4232874 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flocculation unit operations are being revisited as a strategy to ease the burden posed on clarification and purification operations by the increasingly high cell density cultures used in the biopharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the key process parameters impacting flocculation scale-up and use this understanding to develop an automated ultra-scale down (USD) method for the rapid characterization of flocculation at the microliter scale. The conditions under which flocculation performance of a non-geometrically similar vessel three orders of magnitude larger can be mimicked by the USD platform are reported. Saccharomyces cerevisiae clarified homogenate was flocculated with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) to remove the residual solids remaining in the centrate. Flocculant addition time modulated flocculation performance depending on the predominant mixing time scale (i.e. macro-, meso- or micromixing). Particle growth and breakage was mimicked at the two flocculation scales by the average turbulent energy dissipation (εavg) and impeller tip speed (vtip) scale-up bases. The results obtained were used to develop an USD method. The USD method proposed uses constant εavg as the scale-up basis under a micromixing controlled regime. These conditions mimicked the STR flocculation performance within a ±5% error margin. Operation in the mesomixing regime led to particle size deviations between the flocculation scales of ≤50 %. These results, in addition to the microscopic observations made, demonstrate the USD system presented in this work can produce process-relevant flocculated material at the microliter scale under the correct operating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Espuny Garcia Del Real
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK; Lonza Biologics plc, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 4DX, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Buyel JF, Fischer R. Flocculation increases the efficacy of depth filtration during the downstream processing of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins produced in tobacco. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:240-52. [PMID: 24165151 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation is a cost-effective method that is used to improve the efficiency of clarification by causing dispersed particles to clump together, allowing their removal by sedimentation, centrifugation or filtration. The efficacy of flocculation for any given process depends on the nature and concentration of the particulates in the feed stream, the concentration, charge density and length of the flocculant polymer, the shear rate, the properties of the feed stream (e.g. pH and ionic strength) and the properties of the target products. We tested a range of flocculants and process conditions using a design of experiments approach to identify the most suitable polymers for the clarification step during the production of a HIV-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (2G12) and a fluorescent marker protein (DsRed) expressed in transgenic tobacco leaves. Among the 23 different flocculants we tested, the greatest reduction in turbidity was achieved with Polymin P, a branched, cationic polyethylenimine with a charge density of 13.0 meq/g. This flocculant reduced turbidity by more than 90% under a wide range of process conditions. We developed a model that predicted its performance under different process conditions, and this enabled us to increase the depth filter capacity three-sevenfold depending on the process scale, depth filter type and plant species. The costs of filter consumables were reduced by more than 50% compared with a process without flocculant, and there was no loss of recovery for either 2G12 or DsRed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Buyel
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pei HY, Ma CX, Hu WR, Sun F. The behaviors of Microcystis aeruginosa cells and extracellular microcystins during chitosan flocculation and flocs storage processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 151:314-322. [PMID: 24262841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the effects of chitosan on cell integrity and extracellular microcystins (MCs) of Microcystis aeruginosa cells during flocculation and flocs storage processes. The impacts of chitosan addition, flocculation stirring and flocs storage time were comprehensively detected to prevent or reduce cell lysis and MCs release. Response surface method (RSM) was applied to optimize the chitosan flocculation. Under chitosan concentration 7.31 mg/L and optimized mechanical conditions, 99% of M. aeruginosa cells were integrated removed. Furthermore, amounts of extracellular MCs were adsorbed by chitosan polymers in this process. With chitosan flocs protect, though cells showed some damage, extracellular MCs concentration in flocculated samples lower than background level within first 2 d. However, lots of MCs release was observed after 4d which may result from chitosan degradation and cells lysis. Therefore, chitosan flocs should be treated within 2d to prevent the adsorbed MCs releasing again.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kang Y(K, Hamzik J, Felo M, Qi B, Lee J, Ng S, Liebisch G, Shanehsaz B, Singh N, Persaud K, Ludwig DL, Balderes P. Development of a novel and efficient cell culture flocculation process using a stimulus responsive polymer to streamline antibody purification processes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2928-37. [PMID: 23740533 PMCID: PMC3812681 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in mammalian cell culture processes have significantly increased product titers, but have also resulted in substantial increases in cell density and cellular debris as well as process and product related impurities. As such, with improvements in titer, corresponding improvements in downstream processing are essential. In this study we have developed an alternative antibody harvest process that incorporates flocculation using a novel stimulus responsive polymer, benzylated poly(allylamine), followed by depth filtration. As tested on multiple antibodies, this process demonstrates high process yield, improved clearance of cells and cell debris, and efficient reduction of aggregates, host cell proteins (HCP) and DNA. A wide operating window was established for this novel flocculation process through design of experiments condition screening and optimization. Residual levels of impurities in the Protein A eluate were achieved that potentially meet requirements of drug substance and thus alleviate the burden for further impurities removal in subsequent chromatography steps. In addition, efficient clearance of residual polymer was demonstrated using a fluorescence tagged polymer in the presence of a stimulus reagent. The mechanism of HCP and aggregates removal during flocculation was also explored. This novel and efficient process can be easily integrated into current mAb purification platforms, and may overcome downstream processing challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun (Kenneth) Kang
- Bioprocess Sciences, ImClone Systems, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company450 East 29th Street, New York, New York, 10016
| | - James Hamzik
- Biopharm Process Solutions R&D, EMD MilliporeBillerica, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Felo
- Biomanufacturing Sciences Network, EMD MilliporeBillerica, Massachusetts
| | - Bo Qi
- Process Development, ImClone Systems, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and CompanyBranchburg, New Jersey
| | - Julia Lee
- Bioprocess Sciences, ImClone Systems, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company450 East 29th Street, New York, New York, 10016
| | - Stanley Ng
- Bioprocess Sciences, ImClone Systems, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company450 East 29th Street, New York, New York, 10016
| | - Gregory Liebisch
- Bioprocess Sciences, ImClone Systems, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company450 East 29th Street, New York, New York, 10016
| | - Behnam Shanehsaz
- Process Development, ImClone Systems, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and CompanyBranchburg, New Jersey
| | - Nripen Singh
- Biopharm Process Solutions R&D, EMD MilliporeBillerica, Massachusetts
| | - Kris Persaud
- Bioprocess Sciences, ImClone Systems, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company450 East 29th Street, New York, New York, 10016
| | - Dale L Ludwig
- Bioprocess Sciences, ImClone Systems, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company450 East 29th Street, New York, New York, 10016
| | - Paul Balderes
- Bioprocess Sciences, ImClone Systems, a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company450 East 29th Street, New York, New York, 10016
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Felo M, Christensen B, Higgins J. Process cost and facility considerations in the selection of primary cell culture clarification technology. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1239-45. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Felo
- Biomanufacturing Sciences Network, EMD Millipore Corp.900 Middlesex TurnpikeBillerica MA01821
| | | | - John Higgins
- Process Development, Novavax9920 Belward Campus DriveRockville MD20850
- Previously employed with MedImmune
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Singh N, Pizzelli K, Romero JK, Chrostowski J, Evangelist G, Hamzik J, Soice N, Cheng K. Clarification of recombinant proteins from high cell density mammalian cell culture systems using new improved depth filters. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1964-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
38
|
Zhang Y, Jin H, He P. Synthesis and flocculation characteristics of chitosan and its grafted polyacrylamide. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.20252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
|
41
|
Westoby M, Chrostowski J, de Vilmorin P, Smelko JP, Romero JK. Effects of solution environment on mammalian cell fermentation broth properties: Enhanced impurity removal and clarification performance. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 108:50-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
42
|
Liu HF, Ma J, Winter C, Bayer R. Recovery and purification process development for monoclonal antibody production. MAbs 2010; 2:480-99. [PMID: 20647768 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.5.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently in development, and many companies have multiple antibodies in their pipelines. Current methodology used in recovery processes for these molecules are reviewed here. Basic unit operations such as harvest, Protein A affinity chromatography, and additional polishing steps are surveyed. Alternative processes such as flocculation, precipitation, and membrane chromatography are discussed. We also cover platform approaches to purification methods development, use of high throughput screening methods, and offer a view on future developments in purification methodology as applied to mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui F Liu
- Oceanside Process Research & Development, Genentech, Inc., Oceanside, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tian D, Wu X, Liu C, Xie HQ. Synthesis and flocculation behavior of cationic konjac glucomannan containing quaternary ammonium substituents. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
44
|
Reichert JM, Jacob NM, Amanullah A. Second international conference on accelerating biopharmaceutical development. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:1198-215. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
45
|
Reichert JM, Jacob N, Amanullah A. Second International Conference on Accelerating Biopharmaceutical Development: March 9-12, 2009, Coronado, CA USA. MAbs 2009; 1:190-209. [PMID: 20065637 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.1.3.8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Second International Conference on Accelerating Biopharmaceutical Development was held in Coronado, California. The meeting was organized by the Society for Biological Engineering (SBE) and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE); SBE is a technological community of the AIChE. Bob Adamson (Wyeth) and Chuck Goochee (Centocor) were co-chairs of the event, which had the theme "Delivering cost-effective, robust processes and methods quickly and efficiently." The first day focused on emerging disruptive technologies and cutting-edge analytical techniques. Day two featured presentations on accelerated cell culture process development, critical quality attributes, specifications and comparability, and high throughput protein formulation development. The final day was dedicated to discussion of technology options and new analysis methods provided by emerging disruptive technologies; functional interaction, integration and synergy in platform development; and rapid and economic purification process development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Reichert
- Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development; Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
|