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Shen JD, Cai X, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Nitrilase: a promising biocatalyst in industrial applications for green chemistry. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 41:72-93. [PMID: 33045860 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1827367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrilases are widely distributed in nature and are able to hydrolyze nitriles into their corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia. In industry, nitrilases have been used as green biocatalysts for the production of high value-added products. To date, biocatalysts are considered to be important alternatives to chemical catalysts due to increasing environmental problems and resource scarcity. This review provides an overview of recent advances of nitrilases in aspects of distribution, enzyme screening, molecular structure and catalytic mechanism, protein engineering, and their potential applications in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Dong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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2
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Varying the Dimensionality of Cu(II)-Based Coordination Polymers Through Solvent Influence. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis and structure of a large porous zeotype network observed within compound (1) using {Cu2(piv)4} as the linking unit (piv = pivalate). The slow in situ formation of the hmt ligand (hexamethylenetetramine) appears to be key in generating a µ4-bridging mode of the hmt-node. Attempts to improve the low yield of compound (1) using different solvent layer diffusion methods resulted in the µ3-hmt complexes (2) and (3). Both compounds exhibit a 3D network of two intertwined chiral networks. Strong hydrogen bonding present in (3) leads to the formation of intertwined, DNA-like double-helix structures. The use of bulky solvents in the synthesis of compound (4) leads to the structure crystallizing solvent-free. The packing of (4) is dominated by energy minimization, which is achieved when the 1D-“cylinders” pack into the closest possible arrangement. This work highlights the potential for solvent controlled synthesis of extended copper-hmt systems.
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3
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Sun M, Nie K, Wang F, Deng L. Optimization of the Lipase-Catalyzed Selective Amidation of Phenylglycinol. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:486. [PMID: 32039186 PMCID: PMC6987038 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides and their analogs have a regulatory effect on inflammatory cytokines expression. It was found that a kind of ceramides analog synthesized from phenylglycinol could inhibit the production of cytokine TNF-α. However, two active hydrogen groups are present in the phenylglycinol molecule. It is difficult to control the process without hydroxyl group protection to dominantly produce amide in the traditional chemical synthesis. A selective catalytic the amidation route of phenylglycinol by lipases was investigated in this research. The results indicated that the commercial immobilized lipase Novozym 435 has the best regio-selectivity on the amide group. Based on the experimental results and in silico simulation, it was found that the mechanism of specific N-acyl selectivity of lipase was not only from intramolecular migration and proton shuttle mechanism, but also from the special structure of active site of enzyme. The optimal reaction yield of aromatic amide compound in a solvent-free system with lipase loading of 15 wt% (to the weight of total substrate) reached 89.41 ± 2.8% with very few of byproducts detected (0.21 ± 0.1% ester and 0.64 ± 0.2% diacetylated compound). Compare to other reported works, this work have the advantages such as low enzyme loading, solvent free, and high N-acylation selectivity. Meanwhile, this Novozym 435 lipase based synthesis method has an excellent regio-selectivity on most kinds of amino alcohol compounds. Compared to the chemical method, the enzymatic synthesis exhibited high regio-selectivity, and conversion rates. The method could be a promising alternative strategy for the synthesis of aromatic alkanolamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Sun
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Amoy-BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaili Nie
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Amoy-BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Amoy-BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Xiamen, China
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4
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Rapheeha OKL, Roux-van der Merwe MP, Badenhorst J, Chhiba V, Bode ML, Mathiba K, Brady D. Hydrolysis of nitriles by soil bacteria: variation with soil origin. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 122:686-697. [PMID: 27930842 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to explore bacterial soil diversity for nitrile biocatalysts, in particular, those for hydrolysis of β-substituted nitriles, to the corresponding carboxamides and acids that may be incorporated into peptidomimetics. To achieve this, we needed to compare the efficiency of isolation methods and determine the influence of land use and geographical origin of the soil sample. METHODS AND RESULTS Nitrile-utilizing bacteria were isolated from various soil environments across a 1000 km long transect of South Africa, including agricultural soil, a gold mine tailing dam and uncultivated soil. The substrate profile of these isolates was determined through element-limited growth studies on seven different aliphatic or aromatic nitriles. A subset of these organisms expressing broad substrate ranges was evaluated for their ability to hydrolyse β-substituted nitriles (3-amino-3-phenylpropionitrile and 3-hydroxy-4-phenoxybutyronitrile) and the active organisms were found to be Rhodococcus erythropolis from uncultivated soil and Rhodococcus rhodochrous from agricultural soils. CONCLUSIONS The capacity for hydrolysis of β-substituted nitriles appears to reside almost exclusively in Rhodococci. Land use has a much greater effect on the biocatalysis substrate profile than geographical location. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Enzymes are typically substrate specific in their catalytic reactions, and this means that a wide diversity of enzymes is required to provide a comprehensive biocatalysis toolbox. This paper shows that the microbial diversity of nitrile hydrolysis activity can be targeted according to land utilization. Nitrile biocatalysis is a green chemical method for the enzymatic production of amides and carboxylic acids that has industrial applications, such as in the synthesis of acrylamide and nicotinamide. The biocatalysts discovered in this study may be applied to the synthesis of peptidomimetics which are an important class of therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K L Rapheeha
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M P Roux-van der Merwe
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - V Chhiba
- CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa.,Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M L Bode
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - K Mathiba
- CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - D Brady
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.,CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa.,Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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5
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High-throughput screening methods for nitrilases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:3421-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Gong JS, Shi JS, Lu ZM, Li H, Zhou ZM, Xu ZH. Nitrile-converting enzymes as a tool to improve biocatalysis in organic synthesis: recent insights and promises. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 37:69-81. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1120704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Xue YP, Shi CC, Xu Z, Jiao B, Liu ZQ, Huang JF, Zheng YG, Shen YC. Design of Nitrilases with Superior Activity and Enantioselectivity towards Sterically Hindered Nitrile by Protein Engineering. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Angelini LML, da Silva ARM, Rocco LDFC, Milagre CDDF. A high-throughput screening assay for distinguishing nitrile hydratases from nitrilases. Braz J Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26221095 PMCID: PMC4512080 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246120130851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified colorimetric high-throughput screen based on pH changes combined with an amidase inhibitor capable of distinguishing between nitrilases and nitrile hydratases. This enzymatic screening is based on a binary response and is suitable for the first step of hierarchical screening projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Mara Lima Angelini
- Instituto de of Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas de Freitas Coli Rocco
- Instituto de of Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Duarte de Freitas Milagre
- Departamento de Química Orgânia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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9
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Black GW, Brown NL, Perry JJB, Randall PD, Turnbull G, Zhang M. A high-throughput screening method for determining the substrate scope of nitrilases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2660-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06021k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a chromogenic reagent to show nitrilase activity and demonstrate its use with 23 enzymes as cell-free extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W. Black
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group
- Department of Applied Sciences
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Nicola L. Brown
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group
- Department of Applied Sciences
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Justin J. B. Perry
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group
- Department of Applied Sciences
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | | | - Graeme Turnbull
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group
- Department of Applied Sciences
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Meng Zhang
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group
- Department of Applied Sciences
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
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10
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Large α-aminonitrilase activity screening of nitrilase superfamily members: Access to conversion and enantiospecificity by LC–MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Microbial transformation of nitriles to high-value acids or amides. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [PMID: 19475377 DOI: 10.1007/10_2008_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Biotransformation of nitriles mediated by nitrile-amide converting enzymes has attracted considerable attention and developed tremendously in the recent years in China since it offers a valuable alternative to traditional chemical reaction which requires harsh conditions. As a result, an upsurge of these promising enzymes (including nitrile hydratase, nitrilase and amidase) has been taking place. This review aims at describing these enzymes in detail. A variety of microorganisms harboring nitrile-amide converting activities have been isolated and identified in China, some of which have already applied with moderate success. Currently, a wide range of high-value compounds such as aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic and heterocyclic amides and their corresponding acids were provided by these nitrile-amide degrading organisms. Simultaneously, with the increasing demand of chiral substances, the enantioselectivity of the nitrilase superfamily is widely investigated and exploited in China, especially the bioconversion of optically active alpha-substituted phenylacetamides, acids and 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamide and 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid by means of the catalysts exhibiting excellent stereoselectivity. Besides their synthetic value, the nitrile-amide converting enzymes also play an important role in environmental protection. In this context, cloning of the genes and expression of these enzymes are presented. In the near future in China, an increasing number of novel nitrile-amide converting organisms will be screened and their potential in the synthesis of useful acids and amides will be further exploited.
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12
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de Oliveira JR, Seleghim MHR, Porto ALM. Biotransformation of methylphenylacetonitriles by Brazilian marine fungal strain Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 934: eco-friendly reactions. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 16:156-160. [PMID: 24057165 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the biotransformation of methylphenylacetonitriles by Brazilian marine filamentous fungus Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 934 under eco-friendly reaction conditions. The phenylacetonitrile 1, 2-methylphenylacetonitrile 2, 3-methylphenylacetonitrile 3, and 4-methylphenylacetonitrile 4 were quantitatively biotransformed into 2-hydroxyphenylacetic 1a, 2-methylphenylacetic acid 2a, 3-methylphenylacetic acid 3a, and 4-methylphenylacetic acid 4a by enzymatic processes using whole cell as biocatalyst. The marine fungus A. sydowii CBMAI 934 is thus a promising biocatalyst for the preparation of important carboxylic acids under mild conditions (pH 7.5 and 32 °C) from nitrile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Rangel de Oliveira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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13
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A high throughput screening strategy for the assessment of nitrile-hydrolyzing activity towards the production of enantiopure β-hydroxy acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Yusuf F, Chaubey A, Jamwal U, Parshad R. A New Isolate from Fusarium proliferatum (AUF-2) for Efficient Nitrilase Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1022-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Biosynthesis of nicotinic acid from 3-cyanopyridine by a newly isolated Fusarium proliferatum ZJB-09150. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:431-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Cantarella M, Cantarella L, Gallifuoco A, Spera A, Martínkovà L. Nicotinic acid bio-production by Microbacterium imperiale CBS 489-74: Effect of 3-cyanopyridine and temperature on amidase activity. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Greene RJ, Tu H, Gibbs JP, Greg Slatter J. Target-mediated metabolism and target-mediated drug disposition of the DPPIV inhibitor AMG 222. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:945-57. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.597455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Biotransformation of nitriles to hydroxamic acids via a nitrile hydratase–amidase cascade reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Liu ZQ, Li FF, Cheng F, Zhang T, You ZY, Xu JM, Xue YP, Zheng YG, Shen YC. A novel synthesis of iminodiacetic acid: Biocatalysis by whole Alcaligenes faecalis ZJB-09133 cells from iminodiacetonitrile. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:698-705. [PMID: 21567989 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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20
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Lin ZJ, Zheng RC, Lei LH, Zheng YG, Shen YC. Ferrous and ferric ions-based high-throughput screening strategy for nitrile hydratase and amidase. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 85:214-20. [PMID: 21420446 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and direct screening of nitrile-converting enzymes is of great importance in the development of industrial biocatalytic process for pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. In this paper, a combination of ferrous and ferric ions was used to establish a novel colorimetric screening method for nitrile hydratase and amidase with α-amino nitriles and α-amino amides as substrates, respectively. Ferrous and ferric ions reacted sequentially with the cyanide dissociated spontaneously from α-amino nitrile solution, forming a characteristic deep blue precipitate. They were also sensitive to weak basicity due to the presence of amino amide, resulting in a yellow precipitate. When amino amide was further hydrolyzed to amino acid, it gave a light yellow solution. Mechanisms of color changes were further proposed. Using this method, two isolates with nitrile hydratase activity towards 2-amino-2,3-dimethyl butyronitrile, one strain capable of hydrating 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethyl phosphiny) butyronitrile and another microbe exhibiting amidase activity against 2-amino-4-methylsulfanyl butyrlamide were obtained from soil samples and culture collections of our laboratory. Versatility of this method enabled it the first direct and inexpensive high-throughput screening system for both nitrile hydratase and amidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Lin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
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21
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Yousefi M, Mohammadi M, Habibi Z, Cheraghi Z. Nitrile biotransformation by whole cells ofAspergillussp. PTCC 5266. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2010.550002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Cantarella L, Gallifuoco A, Malandra A, Martínková L, Spera A, Cantarella M. High-yield continuous production of nicotinic acid via nitrile hydratase-amidase cascade reactions using cascade CSMRs. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010; 48:345-50. [PMID: 22112948 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
High yields of nicotinic acid from 3-cyanopyridine bioconversion were obtained by exploiting the in situ nitrile hydratase-amidase enzymatic cascade system of Microbacterium imperiale CBS 498-74. Experiments were carried out in continuously stirred tank UF-membrane bioreactors (CSMRs) arranged in series. This reactor configuration enables both enzymes, involved in the cascade reaction, to work with optimized kinetics, without any purification, exploiting their differing temperature dependences. To this end, the first CSMR, optimized for the properties of the NHase, was operated (i) at low temperature (5°C), limiting inactivation of the more fragile enzyme, nitrile hydratase, (ii) with a high residence time (24 h) to overcome reaction rate limitation. The second CSMR, optimized for the properties of the AMase, was operated (i) at a higher temperature (50°C), (ii) with a lower residence time (6h), and (iii) with a lower substrate (3-cyanopyridine) concentration to control excess substrate inhibition. The appropriate choice of operational conditions enabled total conversion of 3-cyanpyridine (up to 200 mM) into nicotinic acid to be achieved at steady-state and for long periods. Higher substrate concentrations required two CSMRs optimized for the properties of the NHase arranged in series to drive the first reaction to completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cantarella
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Cassino, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy
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23
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Pedras MSC, Minic Z, Thongbam PD, Bhaskar V, Montaut S. Indolyl-3-acetaldoxime dehydratase from the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: purification, characterization, and substrate specificity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:1952-1962. [PMID: 21036375 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purification and characterization of indolyl-3-acetaldoxime dehydratase produced by the plant fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is described. The substrate specificity indicates that it is an indolyl-3-acetaldoxime dehydratase (IAD, EC 4.99.1.6), which catalyzes transformation of indolyl-3-acetaldoxime to indolyl-3-acetonitrile. The enzyme showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and had an apparent molecular mass of 44 kDa. The amino acid sequence of IAD, determined using LC-ESI-MS/MS, identified it as the protein SS1G_01653 from S. sclerotiorum. IADSs was highly homologous (84% amino acid identity) to the hypothetical protein BC1G_14775 from Botryotinia fuckeliana B05.10. In addition, similarity to the phenylacetaldoxime dehydratases from Gibberella zeae (33% amino acid identity) and Bacillus sp. (20% amino acid identity) was noted. The specific activity of IADSs increased about 17-fold upon addition of Na(2)S(2)O(4) under anaerobic conditions, but in the absence of Na(2)S(2)O(4) no significant change was observed, whether aerobic or anaerobic conditions were used. As with other aldoxime dehydratases isolated from microbes, the role of IADSs in fungal plant pathogens is not clear, but given its substrate specificity, it appears unlikely that IADSs is a general xenobiotic detoxifying enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soledade C Pedras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9.
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24
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Velankar H, Clarke KG, Preez RD, Cowan DA, Burton SG. Developments in nitrile and amide biotransformation processes. Trends Biotechnol 2010; 28:561-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Bayer S, Birkemeyer C, Ballschmiter M. A nitrilase from a metagenomic library acts regioselectively on aliphatic dinitriles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:91-8. [PMID: 20725724 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several novel nitrilases were selected from metagenomic libraries using cinnamonitrile and a mixture of six different nitriles as substrates. The nitrilase gene nit1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and the resulting protein was further examined concerning its biochemical properties. Nit1 turned out to be an aliphatic nitrilase favoring dinitriles over mononitriles. Stereochemical analysis revealed that Nit1 converted the dinitrile 2-methylglutaronitrile regioselectively. Hydrolysis at the ω-nitrile group of a dinitrile, such as catalyzed by Nit1, leads to ω-cyanocarboxylic acids, which are important precursors for chemical and pharmaceutical products. Nit1 metabolized 2-methylglutaronitrile to the corresponding ω-cyanocarboxylic acid 4-cyanopentanoic acid can be used for the production of the fine chemical 1,5-dimethyl-2-piperidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Bayer
- Junior Research Group White Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Martínková L, Křen V. Biotransformations with nitrilases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2010; 14:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shen M, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG, Shen YC. Enhancing Endo-nitrilase production by a newly isolated Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus ZJUTB06-99 through optimization of culture medium. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shen M, Zheng YG, Shen YC. Isolation and characterization of a novel Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus ZJUTB06-99, capable of converting acrylonitrile to acrylic acid. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Martínková L, Vejvoda V, Kaplan O, Kubáč D, Malandra A, Cantarella M, Bezouška K, Křen V. Fungal nitrilases as biocatalysts: Recent developments. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:661-670. [PMID: 19427375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Of the numerous putative fungal nitrilases available from protein databases only a few enzymes were purified and characterized. The purified nitrilases from Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis and Aspergillus niger share a preference for (hetero)aromatic nitriles, temperature optima between 40 and 50 degrees C and pH optima in the slightly alkaline region. On the other hand, they differ in their chemoselectivity, i.e. their tendency to produce amides as by-products. The production of fungal nitrilases is increased by up to three orders of magnitude on the addition of 2-cyanopyridine to the culture media. The whole-cell and subcellular biocatalysts were immobilized by various methods (LentiKats(R); adsorption on hydrophobic or ion exchange resins; cross-linked enzyme aggregates). Operational stability was examined using continuous stirred membrane bioreactors. Fungal nitrilases appear promising for biocatalytic applications and biodegradation of nitrile environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Martínková
- Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtěch Vejvoda
- Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kaplan
- Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kubáč
- Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Malandra
- Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of L´Aquila, Monteluco di Roio, I-67040 L´Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Cantarella
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of L´Aquila, Monteluco di Roio, I-67040 L´Aquila, Italy
| | - Karel Bezouška
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Thuku R, Brady D, Benedik M, Sewell B. Microbial nitrilases: versatile, spiral forming, industrial enzymes. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:703-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Crestani MG, García JJ. Catalytic hydration of mono and dinitriles using nickel(0) and PTSA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2008.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Martínková L, Uhnáková B, Pátek M, Nesvera J, Kren V. Biodegradation potential of the genus Rhodococcus. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2009; 35:162-77. [PMID: 18789530 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A large number of aromatic compounds and organic nitriles, the two groups of compounds covered in this review, are intermediates, products, by-products or waste products of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, agriculture and the processing of fossil fuels. The majority of these synthetic substances (xenobiotics) are toxic and their release and accumulation in the environment pose a serious threat to living organisms. Bioremediation using various bacterial strains of the genus Rhodococcus has proved to be a promising option for the clean-up of polluted sites. The large genomes of rhodococci, their redundant and versatile catabolic pathways, their ability to uptake and metabolize hydrophobic compounds, to form biofilms, to persist in adverse conditions and the availability of recently developed tools for genetic engineering in rhodococci make them suitable industrial microorganisms for biotransformations and the biodegradation of many organic compounds. The peripheral and central catabolic pathways in rhodococci are characterized for each type of aromatics (hydrocarbons, phenols, halogenated, nitroaromatic, and heterocyclic compounds) in this review. Pathways involved in the hydrolysis of nitrile pollutants (aliphatic nitriles, benzonitrile analogues) and the corresponding enzymes (nitrilase, nitrile hydratase) are described in detail. Examples of regulatory mechanisms for the expression of the catabolic genes are given. The strains that efficiently degrade the compounds in question are highlighted and examples of their use in biodegradation processes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Martínková
- Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Gene Cloning, Overexpression, and Characterization of the Nitrilase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous tg1-A6 in E. coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 160:393-400. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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