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Translocation of subunit PPSE in plipastatin synthase and synthesis of novel lipopeptides. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:1173-1180. [PMID: 36204332 PMCID: PMC9519435 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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2
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Guez JS, Coucheney F, Guy J, Béchet M, Fontanille P, Chihib NE, Niehren J, Coutte F, Jacques P. Bioinformatics Modelling and Metabolic Engineering of the Branched Chain Amino Acid Pathway for Specific Production of Mycosubtilin Isoforms in Bacillus subtilis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020107. [PMID: 35208182 PMCID: PMC8877110 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycosubtilin belongs to the family of lipopeptides. Different isoforms with various antifungal activities can be obtained according to the length and the isomery of the fatty acid. In this work, the activities of the mycosubtilin isoforms were first studied against the pathogen Aspergillus niger, revealing the high activity of the anteiso-C17 isoform. Modification of the mycosubtilin isoform patterns during cultures of the natural strain Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 was then investigated through amino acid feeding experiments. In parallel, single-gene knockouts and single-gene overexpression, leading to the overproduction of the anteiso-C15 fatty acid chains, were predicted using informatics tools which provide logical reasoning with formal models of reaction networks. In this way, it was in silico predicted that the single overexpression of the ilvA gene as well as the single knockout of the codY gene may lead to the overproduction of anteiso-C15 fatty acid chains. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that overexpression of ilvA helps to enhance the furniture of odd anteiso fatty acids leading to a favored mycosubtilin anteiso-C17 production pattern (+41%). Alternatively, a knock-out codY mutant led to a higher furniture of even iso fatty acids, leading to a favored mycosubtilin iso-C16 production pattern (+180%). These results showed that increased selective synthesis of particular isoforms of mycosubtilin through metabolic engineering is feasible, disclosing the interest of these approaches for future development of lipopeptide-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Guez
- Institut Pascal, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.-S.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Françoise Coucheney
- Équipe Métabolites Secondaires d’Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (F.C.); (J.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Joany Guy
- Équipe Métabolites Secondaires d’Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (F.C.); (J.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Max Béchet
- Équipe Métabolites Secondaires d’Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (F.C.); (J.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Pierre Fontanille
- Institut Pascal, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.-S.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Nour-Eddine Chihib
- UMR 8207–UMET–Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Centrale Lille, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Joachim Niehren
- Biocomputing Team, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille CRIStAL, UMR CNRS 9189, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
- INRIA, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Coutte
- Équipe Métabolites Secondaires d’Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (F.C.); (J.G.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-328767497
| | - Philippe Jacques
- Équipe Métabolites Spécialisés d’Origine Microbienne, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, MiPI, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
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3
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Du Y, Cheng F, Wang M, Xu C, Yu H. Indirect Pathway Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Enhanced Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic Acid in Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:768490. [PMID: 34988066 PMCID: PMC8721151 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.768490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is composed of alternating d-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, with excellent biocompatibility and water retention capacity. To achieve heterologous biosynthesis of HA, Corynebacterium glutamicum, a safe GRAS (generally recognized as safe) host, was utilized and metabolically engineered previously. In this work, to achieve further enhancement of HA yield, four strategies were proposed and performed separately first, i.e., (1) improvement of glucose uptake via iolR gene knockout, releasing the inhibition of transporter IolT1/IolT2 and glucokinases; (2) intensification of cardiolipin synthesis through overexpression of genes pgsA1/pgsA2/cls involved in cardiolipin synthesis; (3) duly expressed Vitreoscilla hemoglobin in genome, enhancing HA titer coupled with more ATP and improved NAD+/NADH (>7.5) ratio; and (4) identification of the importance of glutamine for HA synthesis through transcriptome analyses and then enhancement of the HA titer via its supplement. After that, we combined different strategies together to further increase the HA titer. As a result, one of the optimal recombinant strains, Cg-dR-CLS, yielded 32 g/L of HA at 60 h in a fed-batch culture, which was increased by 30% compared with that of the starting strain. This high value of HA titer will enable the industrial production of HA via the engineered C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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4
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Wu Z, Li Y, Zhang L, Ding Z, Shi G. Microbial production of small peptide: pathway engineering and synthetic biology. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2257-2278. [PMID: 33459516 PMCID: PMC8601181 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Small peptides are a group of natural products with low molecular weights and complex structures. The diverse structures of small peptides endow them with broad bioactivities and suggest their potential therapeutic use in the medical field. The remaining challenge is methods to address the main limitations, namely (i) the low amount of available small peptides from natural sources, and (ii) complex processes required for traditional chemical synthesis. Therefore, harnessing microbial cells as workhorse appears to be a promising approach to synthesize these bioactive peptides. As an emerging engineering technology, synthetic biology aims to create standard, well-characterized and controllable synthetic systems for the biosynthesis of natural products. In this review, we describe the recent developments in the microbial production of small peptides. More importantly, synthetic biology approaches are considered for the production of small peptides, with an emphasis on chassis cells, the evolution of biosynthetic pathways, strain improvements and fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
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5
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Microbial Lipopeptide-Producing Strains and Their Metabolic Roles under Anaerobic Conditions. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102030. [PMID: 34683351 PMCID: PMC8540375 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipopeptide produced by microorganisms is one of the representative biosurfactants and is characterized as a series of structural analogues of different families. Thirty-four families covering about 300 lipopeptide compounds have been reported in the last decades, and most of the reported lipopeptides produced by microorganisms were under aerobic conditions. The lipopeptide-producing strains under anaerobic conditions have attracted much attention from both the academic and industrial communities, due to the needs and the challenge of their applications in anaerobic environments, such as in oil reservoirs and in microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). In this review, the fifty-eight reported bacterial strains, mostly isolated from oil reservoirs and dominated by the species Bacillus subtilis, producing lipopeptide biosurfactants, and the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, producing glycolipid biosurfactants under anaerobic conditions were summarized. The metabolic pathway and the non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) of the strain Bacillus subtilis under anaerobic conditions were analyzed, which is expected to better understand the key mechanisms of the growth and production of lipopeptide biosurfactants of such kind of bacteria under anaerobic conditions, and to expand the industrial application of anaerobic biosurfactant-producing bacteria.
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Guez JS, Vassaux A, Larroche C, Jacques P, Coutte F. New Continuous Process for the Production of Lipopeptide Biosurfactants in Foam Overflowing Bioreactor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:678469. [PMID: 34124025 PMCID: PMC8194703 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.678469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, an original culture process in bioreactor named overflowing continuous culture (O-CC) was developed to produce and recover continuously mycosubtilin, a lipopeptide antifungal biosurfactant of major interest. The lipopeptide production was first investigated in shake conical flasks in different culture media [ammonium citrate sucrose (ACS), Difco sporulation medium (DSM), and Landy], followed by a pH condition optimization using 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffered media. A simple theoretical modeling of the biomass evolution combined with an experimental setup was then proposed for O-CC processed in stirred tank reactor at laboratory scale. Seven O-CC experiments were done in modified Landy medium at the optimized pH 6.5 by applying dilution rates comprised between 0.05 and 0.1 h-1. The O-CC allowed the continuous recovery of the mycosubtilin contained in the foam overflowing out of the reactor, achieving a remarkable in situ product removal superior to 99%. The biomass concentration in the overflowing foam was found to be twofold lower than the biomass concentration in the reactor, relating advantageously this process to a continuous one with biomass feedback. To evaluate its performances regarding the type of lipopeptide produced, the O-CC process was tested with strain BBG116, a mycosubtilin constitutive overproducing strain that also produces surfactin, and strain BBG125, its derivative strain obtained by deleting surfactin synthetase operon. At a dilution rate of 0.1 h-1, specific productivity of 1.18 mg of mycosubtilin⋅g-1(DW)⋅h-1 was reached. Compared with other previously described bioprocesses using almost similar culture conditions and strains, the O-CC one allowed an increase of the mycosubtilin production rate by 2.06-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Guez
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Vassaux
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, équipe Métabolites Secondaires d'origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Christian Larroche
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Jacques
- Université de Liège, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, équipe Métabolites Secondaires d'origine Microbienne, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, MiPI, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium.,Lipofabrik, Polytech-Lille, Cité Scientifique, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - François Coutte
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, équipe Métabolites Secondaires d'origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France.,Lipofabrik, Polytech-Lille, Cité Scientifique, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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7
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Théatre A, Cano-Prieto C, Bartolini M, Laurin Y, Deleu M, Niehren J, Fida T, Gerbinet S, Alanjary M, Medema MH, Léonard A, Lins L, Arabolaza A, Gramajo H, Gross H, Jacques P. The Surfactin-Like Lipopeptides From Bacillus spp.: Natural Biodiversity and Synthetic Biology for a Broader Application Range. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:623701. [PMID: 33738277 PMCID: PMC7960918 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.623701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactin is a lipoheptapeptide produced by several Bacillus species and identified for the first time in 1969. At first, the biosynthesis of this remarkable biosurfactant was described in this review. The peptide moiety of the surfactin is synthesized using huge multienzymatic proteins called NonRibosomal Peptide Synthetases. This mechanism is responsible for the peptide biodiversity of the members of the surfactin family. In addition, on the fatty acid side, fifteen different isoforms (from C12 to C17) can be incorporated so increasing the number of the surfactin-like biomolecules. The review also highlights the last development in metabolic modeling and engineering and in synthetic biology to direct surfactin biosynthesis but also to generate novel derivatives. This large set of different biomolecules leads to a broad spectrum of physico-chemical properties and biological activities. The last parts of the review summarized the numerous studies related to the production processes optimization as well as the approaches developed to increase the surfactin productivity of Bacillus cells taking into account the different steps of its biosynthesis from gene transcription to surfactin degradation in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Théatre
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Joint Research Unit BioEcoAgro, UMRt 1158, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Carolina Cano-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marco Bartolini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Actinomycetes, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Yoann Laurin
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Joint Research Unit BioEcoAgro, UMRt 1158, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.,Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Joint Research Unit BioEcoAgro, UMRt 1158, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Joachim Niehren
- Inria Lille, and BioComputing Team of CRISTAL Lab (CNRS UMR 9189), Lille, France
| | - Tarik Fida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saïcha Gerbinet
- Chemical Engineering, Products, Environment, and Processes, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Alanjary
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Angélique Léonard
- Chemical Engineering, Products, Environment, and Processes, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lins
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Joint Research Unit BioEcoAgro, UMRt 1158, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ana Arabolaza
- Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Actinomycetes, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hugo Gramajo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Actinomycetes, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Harald Gross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philippe Jacques
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Joint Research Unit BioEcoAgro, UMRt 1158, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté, Gembloux, Belgium
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8
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Biniarz P, Henkel M, Hausmann R, Łukaszewicz M. Development of a Bioprocess for the Production of Cyclic Lipopeptides Pseudofactins With Efficient Purification From Collected Foam. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:565619. [PMID: 33330412 PMCID: PMC7719756 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.565619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial surfactants (biosurfactants) have gained interest as promising substitutes of synthetic surface-active compounds. However, their production and purification are still challenging, with significant room for efficiency and costs optimization. In this work, we introduce a method for the enhanced production and purification of cyclic lipopeptides pseudofactins (PFs) from Pseudomonas fluorescens BD5 cultures. The method is directly applicable in a technical scale with the possibility of further upscaling. Comparing to the original protocol for production of PFs (cultures in mineral salt medium in shaken flasks followed by solvent-solvent extraction of PFs), our process offers not only ∼24-fold increased productivity, but also easier and more efficient purification. The new process combines high yield of PFs (∼7.2 grams of PFs per 30 L of working volume), with recovery levels of 80–90% and purity of raw PFs up to 60–70%. These were achieved with an innovative, single-step thermal co-precipitation and extraction of PFs directly from collected foam, as a large amount of PF-enriched foam was produced during the bioprocess. Besides we present a protocol for the selective production of PF structural analogs and their separation with high-performance liquid chromatography. Our approach can be potentially utilized in the efficient production and purification of other lipopeptides of Pseudomonas and Bacillus origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Biniarz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marius Henkel
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150 k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Rocha PM, Dos Santos Mendes AC, de Oliveira Júnior SD, de Araújo Padilha CE, de Sá Leitão ALO, da Costa Nogueira C, de Macedo GR, Dos Santos ES. Kinetic study and characterization of surfactin production by Bacillus subtilis UFPEDA 438 using sugarcane molasses as carbon source. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:300-308. [PMID: 32914662 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1815055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the surfactin production by Bacillus subtilis UFPEDA 438 using sugarcane molasses as a substrate. The effects of the cultivation conditions (temperature, agitation and aeration ratio) on the biosurfactant production and kinetic parameters were investigated. Characteristics of the biosurfactant were obtained after analyses of the emulsification index (EI) and critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the fermentation broth. The results showed that in relation to the product its formation kinetics is strongly affected by operational conditions. It was also observed that surfactin production can be partially dependent or fully independent on microbial growth. The maximum values of surfactin concentration (199.45 ± 0.13 mg/L) and productivity (8,187 mg/L.h) were obtained in the culture under cultivation time of 24 h, temperature of 36 °C, agitation of 100 rpm and aeration ratio of 0.4. Under optimal conditions, the fermentation broth achieved good emulsification capacity (EI >40%) and CMC value of 20.73 mg/L. The results revealed that Bacillus subtilis UFPEDA 438 is a good producer of biosurfactant and that sugarcane molasses is a viable substrate for the production of surfactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Maria Rocha
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Carmen Dos Santos Mendes
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Dantas de Oliveira Júnior
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Araújo Padilha
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá Leitão
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Cleitiane da Costa Nogueira
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Gorete Ribeiro de Macedo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Everaldo Silvino Dos Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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10
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Domingues PM, Oliveira V, Serafim LS, Gomes NCM, Cunha Â. Biosurfactant Production in Sub-Oxic Conditions Detected in Hydrocarbon-Degrading Isolates from Marine and Estuarine Sediments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051746. [PMID: 32156011 PMCID: PMC7084516 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon bioremediation in anoxic sediment layers is still challenging not only because it involves metabolic pathways with lower energy yields but also because the production of biosurfactants that contribute to the dispersion of the pollutant is limited by oxygen availability. This work aims at screening populations of culturable hydrocarbonoclastic and biosurfactant (BSF) producing bacteria from deep sub-seafloor sediments (mud volcanos from Gulf of Cadiz) and estuarine sub-surface sediments (Ria de Aveiro) for strains with potential to operate in sub-oxic conditions. Isolates were retrieved from anaerobic selective cultures in which crude oil was provided as sole carbon source and different supplements were provided as electron acceptors. Twelve representative isolates were obtained from selective cultures with deep-sea and estuary sediments, six from each. These were identified by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments belonging to Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Ochrobactrum, Brevundimonas, Psychrobacter, Staphylococcus, Marinobacter and Curtobacterium genera. BSF production by the isolates was tested by atomized oil assay, surface tension measurement and determination of the emulsification index. All isolates were able to produce BSFs under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, except for isolate DS27 which only produced BSF under aerobic conditions. These isolates presented potential to be applied in bioremediation or microbial enhanced oil recovery strategies under conditions of oxygen limitation. For the first time, members of Ochrobactrum, Brevundimonas, Psychrobacter, Staphylococcus, Marinobacter and Curtobacterium genera are described as anaerobic producers of BSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M. Domingues
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Oliveira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Newton C. M. Gomes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-370-784
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11
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Investigation of factors influencing oxygen content in Halobacterium salinarum growth medium for improved bacteriorhodopsin production. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-019-0189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Simultaneous production of alkaline amylase and biosurfactant by Bacillus methylotrophicus DCS1: application as detergent additive. Biodegradation 2018; 30:247-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Wang Q, Yu H, Wang M, Yang H, Shen Z. Enhanced biosynthesis and characterization of surfactin isoforms with engineered Bacillus subtilis through promoter replacement and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin co-expression. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Mahfouzi SH, Amoabediny G, Doryab A, Safiabadi-Tali SH, Ghanei M. Noninvasive Real-Time Assessment of Cell Viability in a Three-Dimensional Tissue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:197-204. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Mahfouzi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Doryab
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Safiabadi-Tali
- The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center and Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Enhancement of Surfactin and Fengycin Production by Bacillus mojavensis A21: Application for Diesel Biodegradation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5893123. [PMID: 29082251 PMCID: PMC5610860 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5893123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This work concerns the study of the enhancement of surfactin and fengycin production by B. mojavensis A21 and application of the produced product in diesel biodegradation. The influences of the culture medium and cells immobilization were studied. The highest lipopeptides production was achieved after 72 hours of incubation in a culture medium containing 30 g/L glucose as carbon source and a combination of yeast extract (1 g/L) and glutamic acid (5 g/L) as nitrogen sources with initial pH 7.0 at 30°C and 90% volumetric aeration. The study of primary metabolites production showed mainly the production of acetoin, with a maximum production after 24 h of strain growth. The use of immobilized cells seemed to be a promising method for improving lipopeptides productivity. In fact, the synthesis of both lipopeptides, mainly fengycin, was greatly enhanced by the immobilization of A21 cells. An increase of diesel degradation capacity of approximately 20, 27, and 40% in the presence of 0.5, 1, and 2 g/L of produced lipopeptides, respectively, was observed. Considering these properties, B. mojavensis A21 strain producing a lipopeptide mixture, containing both surfactin and fengycin, may be considered as a potential candidate for future use in bioremediation and crop protection.
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16
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Gao L, Han J, Liu H, Qu X, Lu Z, Bie X. Plipastatin and surfactin coproduction by Bacillus subtilis pB2-L and their effects on microorganisms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:1007-1018. [PMID: 28477175 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To convert the lipopeptide non-producer strain Bacillus subtilis pB2 into a plipastatin and surfactin coproducer, a gene expression cassette composed of a constitutive promoter (P43), functional gene sfp, and pleiotropic regulatory gene degQ was integrated into the chromosomal amyE locus of strain B. subtilis pB2 by homologous recombination, which generated a plipastatin and surfactin co-producer. Thirteen plipastatins and fifteen surfactins were identified in lipopeptide extracts using analytical techniques, and their effects on microorganisms were described by microscopic, cytoskeleton analysis and flow-cytometry, respectively. Plipastatins isolated from the engineered strain pB2-L exhibited strong antifungal activity (MIC 16 μg ml-1) by disrupting the cell walls, membranes and cytoskeleton of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum hyphae. Surfactins affected the cell membrane of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 20 μg ml-1), resulting in nucleic acid leakage and ultimately, cell death. Based on the convenience of genetic manipulation in the engineering strain, this work could be useful for the rational design of lipopeptide synthetases via the recombination of gene fragments to generate arrays of peptide derivatives and thus expand the diversity of microbial-produced lipopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhi Han
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Biniarz P, Łukaszewicz M. Direct quantification of lipopeptide biosurfactants in biological samples via HPLC and UPLC-MS requires sample modification with an organic solvent. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4747-4759. [PMID: 28432441 PMCID: PMC5442266 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate quantification of biosurfactants in biological samples is challenging. In contrast to the orcinol method for rhamnolipids, no simple biochemical method is available for the rapid quantification of lipopeptides. Various liquid chromatography (LC) methods are promising tools for relatively fast and exact quantification of lipopeptides. Here, we report strategies for the quantification of the lipopeptides pseudofactin and surfactin in bacterial cultures using different high- (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) systems. We tested three strategies for sample pretreatment prior to LC analysis. In direct analysis (DA), bacterial cultures were injected directly and analyzed via LC. As a modification, we diluted the samples with methanol and detected an increase in lipopeptide recovery in the presence of methanol. Therefore, we suggest this simple modification as a tool for increasing the accuracy of LC methods. We also tested freeze-drying followed by solvent extraction (FDSE) as an alternative for the analysis of “heavy” samples. In FDSE, the bacterial cultures were freeze-dried, and the resulting powder was extracted with different solvents. Then, the organic extracts were analyzed via LC. Here, we determined the influence of the extracting solvent on lipopeptide recovery. HPLC methods allowed us to quantify pseudofactin and surfactin with run times of 15 and 20 min per sample, respectively, whereas UPLC quantification was as fast as 4 and 5.5 min per sample, respectively. Our methods provide highly accurate measurements and high recovery levels for lipopeptides. At the same time, UPLC-MS provides the possibility to identify lipopeptides and their structural isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Biniarz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
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18
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Translocation of the thioesterase domain for the redesign of plipastatin synthetase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38467. [PMID: 28009004 PMCID: PMC5180189 DOI: 10.1038/srep38467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are large enzymatic complexes that catalyse the synthesis of biologically active peptides in microorganisms. Genetic engineering has recently been applied to reprogram NRPSs to produce lipopeptides with a new sequence. The carboxyl-terminal thioesterase (TE) domains from NRPSs catalyse cleavage products by hydrolysis or complex macrocyclization. In this study, we modified plipastatin synthetase by moving the intrinsic TE region to the end of the internal thiolation (T) domains, thus generating Bacillus subtilis strains that could produce new truncated cyclic or linear peptides of the predicted sequence, which further provided an important insight into the regioselectivity of plipastatin TE. The TE was capable of recognizing and catalysing the lactone formation between L-Try3 with the last few residues L-Pro7 and L-Gln8 at the C-terminus. Additionally, the unmatched linkers connecting the TE region and T domain resulted in nonproduction strains, suggesting that the native T–TE linker is necessary and sufficient for the TE domain to release the products from the hybrid enzymes. This is the first report to demonstrate truncated cyclic lipopeptides production and module skipping by simply moving the TE domain forward in an NRPS system.
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19
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Rangarajan V, Clarke KG. Process development and intensification for enhanced production ofBacilluslipopeptides. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2016; 31:46-68. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2016.1166335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Meier K, Klöckner W, Bonhage B, Antonov E, Regestein L, Büchs J. Correlation for the maximum oxygen transfer capacity in shake flasks for a wide range of operating conditions and for different culture media. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Chen WC, Juang RS, Wei YH. Applications of a lipopeptide biosurfactant, surfactin, produced by microorganisms. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Rangarajan V, Dhanarajan G, Sen R. Bioprocess design for selective enhancement of fengycin production by a marine isolate Bacillus megaterium. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Wewetzer SJ, Kunze M, Ladner T, Luchterhand B, Roth S, Rahmen N, Kloß R, Costa e Silva A, Regestein L, Büchs J. Parallel use of shake flask and microtiter plate online measuring devices (RAMOS and BioLector) reduces the number of experiments in laboratory-scale stirred tank bioreactors. J Biol Eng 2015; 9:9. [PMID: 26265936 PMCID: PMC4531433 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-015-0005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional experiments in small scale are often performed in a 'Black Box' fashion, analyzing only the product concentration in the final sample. Online monitoring of relevant process characteristics and parameters such as substrate limitation, product inhibition and oxygen supply is lacking. Therefore, fully equipped laboratory-scale stirred tank bioreactors are hitherto required for detailed studies of new microbial systems. However, they are too spacious, laborious and expensive to be operated in larger number in parallel. Thus, the aim of this study is to present a new experimental approach to obtain dense quantitative process information by parallel use of two small-scale culture systems with online monitoring capabilities: Respiration Activity MOnitoring System (RAMOS) and the BioLector device. RESULTS The same 'mastermix' (medium plus microorganisms) was distributed to the different small-scale culture systems: 1) RAMOS device; 2) 48-well microtiter plate for BioLector device; and 3) separate shake flasks or microtiter plates for offline sampling. By adjusting the same maximum oxygen transfer capacity (OTRmax), the results from the RAMOS and BioLector online monitoring systems supplemented each other very well for all studied microbial systems (E. coli, G. oxydans, K. lactis) and culture conditions (oxygen limitation, diauxic growth, auto-induction, buffer effects). CONCLUSIONS The parallel use of RAMOS and BioLector devices is a suitable and fast approach to gain comprehensive quantitative data about growth and production behavior of the evaluated microorganisms. These acquired data largely reduce the necessary number of experiments in laboratory-scale stirred tank bioreactors for basic process development. Thus, much more quantitative information is obtained in parallel in shorter time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Wewetzer
- />RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Kunze
- />RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - T. Ladner
- />RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - B. Luchterhand
- />RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Roth
- />RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Rahmen
- />RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - R. Kloß
- />RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Costa e Silva
- />University of Minho, CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, 4700-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - L. Regestein
- />RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J. Büchs
- />RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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24
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Piedrahíta-Aguirre CA, Bastos RG, Carvalho AL, Monte Alegre R. The influence of process parameters in production of lipopeptide iturin A using aerated packed bed bioreactors in solid-state fermentation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1569-76. [PMID: 24504698 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The strain Bacillus iso 1 co-produces the lipopeptide iturin A and biopolymer poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) in solid-state fermentation of substrate consisting of soybean meal, wheat bran with rice husks as an inert support. The effects of pressure drop, oxygen consumption, medium permeability and temperature profile were studied in an aerated packed bed bioreactor to produce iturin A, diameter of which was 50 mm and bed height 300 mm. The highest concentrations of iturin A and γ-PGA were 5.58 and 3.58 g/kg-dry substrate, respectively, at 0.4 L/min after 96 h of fermentation. The low oxygen uptake rates, being 23.34 and 22.56 mg O2/kg-dry solid substrate for each air flow rate tested generated 5.75 W/kg-dry substrate that increased the fermentation temperature at 3.7 °C. The highest pressure drop was 561 Pa/m at 0.8 L/min in 24 h. This is the highest concentration of iturin A produced to date in an aerated packed bed bioreactor in solid-state fermentation. The results can be useful to design strategies to scale-up process of iturin A in aerated packed bed bioreactors. Low concentration of γ-PGA affected seriously pressure drop, decreasing the viability of the process due to generation of huge pressure gradients with volumetric air flow rates. Also, the low oxygenation favored the iturin A production due to the reduction of free void by γ-PGA production, and finally, the low oxygen consumption generated low metabolic heat. The results show that it must control the pressure gradients to scale-up the process of iturin A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Piedrahíta-Aguirre
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6121, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil,
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25
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Liebeton K, Lengefeld J, Eck J. The nucleotide composition of the spacer sequence influences the expression yield of heterologously expressed genes in Bacillus subtilis. J Biotechnol 2014; 191:214-20. [PMID: 24997355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a commonly used host for the heterologous expression of genes in academia and industry. Many factors are known to influence the expression yield in this organism e.g. the complementarity between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence (SD) and the 16S-rRNA or secondary structures in the translation initiation region of the transcript. In this study, we analysed the impact of the nucleotide composition between the SD sequence and the start codon (the spacer sequence) on the expression yield. We demonstrated that a polyadenylate-moiety spacer sequence moderately increases the expression level of laccase CotA from B. subtilis. By screening a library of artificially generated spacer variants, we identified clones with greatly increased expression levels of two model enzymes, the laccase CotA from B. subtilis (11 fold) and the metagenome derived protease H149 (30 fold). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the effect of the spacer sequence is specific to the gene of interest. These results prove the high impact of the spacer sequence on the expression yield in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Liebeton
- BRAIN AG, Darmstädter Strasse 34-36, 64673 Zwingenberg, Germany.
| | - Jette Lengefeld
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Eck
- BRAIN AG, Darmstädter Strasse 34-36, 64673 Zwingenberg, Germany
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26
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Stöckmann C, Palmen TG, Schroer K, Kunze G, Gellissen G, Büchs J. Definition of culture conditions for Arxula adeninivorans, a rational basis for studying heterologous gene expression in this dimorphic yeast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:965-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The yeast Arxula adeninivorans is considered to be a promising producer of recombinant proteins. However, growth characteristics are poorly investigated and no industrial process has been established yet. Though of vital interest for strain screening and production processes, rationally defined culture conditions remain to be developed. A cultivation system was evolved based on targeted sampling and mathematical analysis of rationally designed small-scale cultivations in shake flasks. The oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer rates were analyzed as conclusive online parameters. Oxygen limitation extended cultivation and led to ethanol formation in cultures supplied with glucose. Cultures were inhibited at pH-values below 2.8. The phosphorus demand was determined as 1.55 g phosphorus per 100 g cell dry weight. Synthetic SYN6 medium with 20 g glucose l−1 was optimized for cultivation in shake flasks by buffering at pH 6.4 with 140 mmol MES l−1. Optimized SYN6 medium and operating conditions provided non-limited cultivations without by-product formation. A maximal specific growth rate of 0.32 h−1 and short fermentations of 15 h were achieved. A pH optimum curve was derived from the oxygen transfer rates of differently buffered cultures, showing maximal growth between pH 2.8 and 6.5. Furthermore, it was shown that the applied medium and cultivation conditions were also suitable for non-limiting growth and product formation of a genetically modified A. adeninivorans strain expressing a heterologous phytase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Stöckmann
- grid.1957.a 000000010728696X AVT-Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas G Palmen
- grid.1957.a 000000010728696X AVT-Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kirsten Schroer
- grid.1957.a 000000010728696X AVT-Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- grid.419481.1 0000000115159979 Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Gotthard Kunze
- grid.418934.3 0000000109439907 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Corrensstraße 3 06466 Gatersleben Germany
| | - Gerd Gellissen
- grid.1957.a 000000010728696X Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Biology IV RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- grid.1957.a 000000010728696X AVT-Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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27
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Deravel J, Lemière S, Coutte F, Krier F, Van Hese N, Béchet M, Sourdeau N, Höfte M, Leprêtre A, Jacques P. Mycosubtilin and surfactin are efficient, low ecotoxicity molecules for the biocontrol of lettuce downy mildew. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6255-64. [PMID: 24723290 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of surfactin and mycosubtilin as an eco-friendly alternative to control lettuce downy mildew caused by the obligate pathogen Bremia lactucae was investigated. Preliminary ecotoxicity evaluations obtained from three different tests revealed the rather low toxicity of these lipopeptides separately or in combination. The EC50 (concentration estimated to cause a 50 % response by the exposed test organisms) was about 100 mg L(-1) in Microtox assays and 6 mg L(-1) in Daphnia magna immobilization tests for mycosubtilin and 125 mg L(-1) and 25 mg L(-1) for surfactin, respectively. The toxicity of the mixture mycosubtilin/surfactin (1:1, w/w) was close to that obtained with mycosubtilin alone. In addition, the very low phytotoxic effect of these lipopeptides has been observed on germination and root growth of garden cress Lepidium sativum L. While a surfactin treatment did not influence the development of B. lactucae on lettuce plantlets, treatment with 100 mg L(-1) of mycosubtilin produced about seven times more healthy plantlets than the control samples, indicating that mycosubtilin strongly reduced the development of B. lactucae. The mixture mycosubtilin/surfactin (50:50 mg L(-1)) gave the same result on B. lactucae development as 100 mg L(-1) of mycosubtilin. The results of ecotoxicity as well as those obtained in biocontrol experiments indicated that the presence of surfactin enhances the biological activities of mycosubtilin. Mycosubtilin and surfactin were thus found to be efficient compounds against lettuce downy mildew, with low toxicity compared to the toxicity values of chemical pesticides. This is the first time that Bacillus lipopeptides have been tested in vivo against an obligate pathogen and that ecotoxic values have been given for surfactin and mycosubtilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Deravel
- Laboratoire des Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien, ProBioGEM, UPRES-EA 1026, Polytech'Lille/IUT A, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille1, Av. Paul Langevin, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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28
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Béchet M, Castéra-Guy J, Guez JS, Chihib NE, Coucheney F, Coutte F, Fickers P, Leclère V, Wathelet B, Jacques P. Production of a novel mixture of mycosubtilins by mutants of Bacillus subtilis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 145:264-270. [PMID: 23583475 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using promoter exchange and gene knock-out strategies, two mutant strains, the so-called BBG116 and BBG125, were constructed from Bacillus subtilis wild-type strain ATCC 6633, a surfactin and mycosubtilin producer. Compared to the parental strain, both mutants overproduced constitutively mycosubtilin, while BBG125 had lost the ability to synthesize surfactin. Surprisingly, BBG125 was found to produce about 2-fold less mycosubtilin than BBG116 despite an expected higher availability of the cytoplasmic precursors and cofactors pool for biosynthesis. Further physiological characterization of BBG125 also highlighted: (i) a strong influence of temperature on mycosubtilin biosynthesis in BBG125 with a maximal productivity observed at 22°C, compared to 15 and 30°C; (ii) substantial changes in fatty acid profiles and thereby in mycosubtilin isoforms, compared to the wild-type strain; and (iii) the presence of five novel mycosubtilin isoforms. The antifungal activities of the new mix were higher than or equal to those of purified isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Béchet
- Laboratoire des Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien-ProBioGEM, UPRES-EA 1026, Polytech'Lille/IUT A, Université Lille Nord de France-Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Fahim S, Dimitrov K, Vauchel P, Gancel F, Delaplace G, Jacques P, Nikov I. Oxygen transfer in three phase inverse fluidized bed bioreactor during biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chtioui O, Dimitrov K, Gancel F, Dhulster P, Nikov I. Selective fengycin production in a modified rotating discs bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:107-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-0964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leães FL, Velho RV, Caldas DGG, Pinto JV, Tsai SM, Brandelli A. Influence of pH and temperature on the expression of sboA and ituD genes in Bacillus sp. P11. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 104:149-54. [PMID: 23677688 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-9935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Temperature and pH are key factors influencing the production of antimicrobial peptides. In this work, qRT-PCR methodology was used to demonstrate the effect of these two variables on sboA (subtilosin A) and ituD (iturin A) expression in Bacillus sp. P11, an isolate from aquatic environment of the Amazon. Bacillus sp. P11 was incubated in BHI broth for 36 h at 30, 37 and 42 °C, and the pH values were 6.0, 7.4 and 8.0. The production of subtilosin A and iturin A was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The sboA expression increased 200-fold when the initial pH was 8.0. In contrast, ituD expression was maximum at pH 6.0. Increased temperature (42 °C) was adverse for both genes, but ituD expression increased at 37 °C. Expression of sboA and ituD was strongly affected by pH and temperature and qRT-PCR proved to be a powerful tool to investigate the potential of Bacillus strains to produce subtilosin A and iturin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Leal Leães
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS, ICTA-UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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Fahim S, Dimitrov K, Gancel F, Vauchel P, Jacques P, Nikov I. Impact of energy supply and oxygen transfer on selective lipopeptide production by Bacillus subtilis BBG21. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 126:1-6. [PMID: 23073082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of power dissipation and volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient k(L)a on Bacillus subtilis productivity of lipopeptides surfactin and fengycin was studied in shake flasks in view of scaling-up of this fermentation process. The experiments performed with different flask sizes, relative filling volumes, and shaking frequencies confirmed clearly that lipopeptide production changed in function of power dissipation, via interfacial gas-liquid contact surface and oxygen supply. It was demonstrated that k(L)a is the key parameter controlling the productivity and the selectivity of the bioreaction. Varying the oxygen transfer conditions, the synthesis could be oriented to mixed production or to surfactin mono-production. The fraction of surfactin towards total lipopeptides produced and the maximal surfactin production both increased with k(L)a increase (surfactin concentration about 2 g L(-1) at k(L)a=0.04-0.08 s(-1)), while the maximal fengycin production (fengycin concentration about 0.3 g L(-1)) was obtained at moderate oxygen supply (k(L)a=0.01 s(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Fahim
- Laboratoire des Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien, UPRES-EA 1026, Polytech'Lille/IUT A, Université Lille Nord de France, Avenue Paul Langevin, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Hansen S, Hariskos I, Luchterhand B, Büchs J. Development of a modified Respiration Activity Monitoring System for accurate and highly resolved measurement of respiration activity in shake flask fermentations. J Biol Eng 2012; 6:11. [PMID: 22901278 PMCID: PMC3490767 DOI: 10.1186/1754-1611-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Respiration Activity Monitoring System (RAMOS) is an established device to measure on-line the oxygen transfer rate (OTR), thereby, yielding relevant information about metabolic activities of microorganisms and cells during shake flask fermentations. For very fast-growing microbes, however, the RAMOS technique provides too few data points for the OTR. Thus, this current study presents a new model based evaluation method for generating much more data points to enhance the information content and the precision of OTR measurements. Results In cultivations with E.coli BL21 pRSET eYFP-IL6, short diauxic and even triauxic metabolic activities were detected with much more detail compared to the conventional evaluation method. The decline of the OTR during the stop phases during oxygen limitations, which occur when the inlet and outlet valves of the RAMOS flask were closed for calibrating the oxygen sensor, were also detected. These declines reflected a reduced oxygen transfer due to the stop phases. In contrast to the conventional calculation method the new method was almost independent from the number of stop phases chosen in the experiments. Conclusions This new model based evaluation method unveils new peaks of metabolic activity which otherwise would not have been resolved by the conventional RAMOS evaluation method. The new method yields substantially more OTR data points, thereby, enhancing the information content and the precision of the OTR measurements. Furthermore, oxygen limitations can be detected by a decrease of the OTR during the stop phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hansen
- AVT, Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
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Klöckner W, Büchs J. Advances in shaking technologies. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:307-14. [PMID: 22520242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Shaking bioreactors are the most frequently used reactor system for screening and process optimization on a small scale. Their success can be attributed to their simple and functional design, which make shaking systems suitable for a large number of cost-efficient parallel experiments. Recently reported findings for oxygen transfer, power input, out-of-phase operation, hydromechanical stress and mixing in shaken bioreactors are summarized in this article. Novel monitoring techniques for the control of culture conditions in shake flasks and microtiter plates are described. The methods for characterizing culture conditions and the novel online measurement techniques that are summarized in this article can be utilized to tap the full potential of shaking reactor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Klöckner
- AVT Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Glazyrina J, Materne E, Hillig F, Neubauer P, Junne S. Two-compartment method for determination of the oxygen transfer rate with electrochemical sensors based on sulfite oxidation. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:1003-8. [PMID: 21751399 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dissolved oxygen concentration is a crucial parameter in aerobic bioprocesses due to the low solubility of oxygen in water. The present study describes a new method for determining the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) in shaken-culture systems based on the sodium sulfite method in combination with an electrochemical oxygen sensor. The method replaces the laborious titration of the remaining sulfite by an on-line detection of the end point of the reaction. This method is a two-step procedure that can be applied in arbitrary flasks that do not allow the insertion of electrodes. The method does not therefore depend on the type of vessel in which the OTR is detected. The concept is demonstrated by determination of the OTR for standard baffled 1-L shake flasks and for opaque Ultra Yield™ flasks. Under typical shaking conditions, k(L) a values in the standard baffled flasks reached values up to 220 h(-1) , whereas the k(L) a values of the Ultra Yield flasks were significantly higher (up to 422 h(-1) ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Glazyrina
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Velho RV, Caldas DGG, Medina LFC, Tsai SM, Brandelli A. Real-time PCR investigation on the expression of sboA and ituD genes in Bacillus spp. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 52:660-6. [PMID: 21501196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the expression of sboA and ituD genes among strains of Bacillus spp. at different pH and temperature. METHODS AND RESULTS Different Bacillus strains from the Amazon basin and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 were investigated for the production of subtilosin A and iturin A by qRT-PCR, analysing sboA and ituD gene expression under different culture conditions. Amazonian strains presented a general gene expression level lower than B. subtilis ATCC 19659 for sboA. In contrast, when analysing the expression of ituD gene, the strains from the Amazon, particularly P40 and P45B, exhibited higher levels of expression. Changes in pH (6 and 8) and temperature (37 and 42 °C) caused a decrease in sboA expression, but increased ituD expression among strains from Amazonian environment. CONCLUSIONS Temperature and pH have an important influence on the expression of genes sboA (subtilosin A) and ituD (iturin A) among Bacillus spp. The strains P40 and P45B can be useful for the production of antimicrobial peptide iturin A. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Monitoring the expression of essential biosynthetic genes by qRT-PCR is a valuable tool for optimization of the production of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Velho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Tabrizi HO, Amoabediny G, Moshiri B, Haji Abbas MP, Pouran B, Imenipour E, Rashedi H, Büchs J. Novel dynamic model for aerated shaking bioreactors. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Control of the specific growth rate of Bacillus subtilis for the production of biosurfactant lipopeptides in bioreactors with foam overflow. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Production of surfactin and fengycin by Bacillus subtilis in a bubbleless membrane bioreactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:499-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Coutte F, Leclère V, Béchet M, Guez JS, Lecouturier D, Chollet-Imbert M, Dhulster P, Jacques P. Effect of pps disruption and constitutive expression of srfA on surfactin productivity, spreading and antagonistic properties of Bacillus subtilis 168 derivatives. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:480-491. [PMID: 20148996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse the effects of plipastatin operon disruption and constitutive expression of surfactin operon in Bacillus subtilis 168 on surfactin productivity, in vitro invasive growth and antagonism against fungi. METHODS AND RESULTS The srfA native promoter was replaced by the constitutive promoter P(repU) in B. subtilis 168 after integration of a functional sfp gene. Moreover, the plipastatin synthesis was further disrupted in the B. subtilis 168 derivatives. In liquid media, an earlier and higher expression of P(repU), than that found with P(srfA), led to a specific surfactin production fivefold higher after 6 h of culture. On solid media, not only the invasive growth and the haemolytic activity but also the antifungal activity of the constitutive strains were improved when compared to the parental strain BBG111. As expected, the disruption of the plipastatin operon strongly reduced in vitro antifungal properties but, interestingly, enhanced specific surfactin production (1.47 g g(-1) of biomass), spreading behaviour and haemolytic activity of the strains. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates for the first time the interdependency of surfactin and plipastatin regarding their biosynthesis as well as their influence on the biological activities of the producing strain. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The constitutive overproduction of surfactin enhances the invasive growth and the in vitro antagonistic activity of the mutant strain. Both properties are known to play an important role in the biocontrol of plant diseases. Plipastatin operon disruption increases the surfactin productivity of mutant strains. These mutants are interesting for use in continuous bioprocesses for surfactin production or in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coutte
- Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien (ProBioGEM, UPRES EA 1026), Polytech'Lille, IUT A, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Boulevard Paul, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - V Leclère
- Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien (ProBioGEM, UPRES EA 1026), Polytech'Lille, IUT A, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Boulevard Paul, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - M Béchet
- Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien (ProBioGEM, UPRES EA 1026), Polytech'Lille, IUT A, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Boulevard Paul, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - J-S Guez
- Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien (ProBioGEM, UPRES EA 1026), Polytech'Lille, IUT A, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Boulevard Paul, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - D Lecouturier
- Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien (ProBioGEM, UPRES EA 1026), Polytech'Lille, IUT A, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Boulevard Paul, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - M Chollet-Imbert
- Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien (ProBioGEM, UPRES EA 1026), Polytech'Lille, IUT A, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Boulevard Paul, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - P Dhulster
- Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien (ProBioGEM, UPRES EA 1026), Polytech'Lille, IUT A, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Boulevard Paul, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - P Jacques
- Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien (ProBioGEM, UPRES EA 1026), Polytech'Lille, IUT A, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Boulevard Paul, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Guez JS, Coutte F, Drucbert AS, Chihib NE, Danzé PM, Jacques P. Resistance of the cell wall to degradation is a critical parameter for isolation of high quality RNA from natural isolates of Bacillus subtilis. Arch Microbiol 2009; 191:669-73. [PMID: 19521677 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-009-0487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural isolates of Bacillus subtilis are known for their ability to produce a large panel of bioactive compounds. Unfortunately, their recalcitrance to conventional molecular techniques limits their transcript studies. In this work, difficulties to isolate RNA attributed to the cell wall were overcome, finally authorising powerful RT-PCR's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Guez
- Laboratoire ProBioGEM, UPRES-EA 1026, Polytech-Lille, IUT A, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bd Paul Langevin, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Nihorimbere V, Fickers P, Thonart P, Ongena M. Ecological fitness of Bacillus subtilis BGS3 regarding production of the surfactin lipopeptide in the rhizosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2009; 1:124-130. [PMID: 23765743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic lipopeptides and particularly surfactins produced by Bacillus species retain antibacterial, antiviral, biofilm-forming and plant resistance-inducing activities. In most cases, their role in biological control of plant diseases was evoked on the basis of in vitro assays or by using non-producing/overproducing mutants but there is a need for more direct evidence of an efficient lipopeptide biosynthesis in the rhizosphere. In this work, we coupled LC-MS quantification of the lipopeptides secreted by cells colonizing tomato plants with the use of psrfA-lacZ reporter system integrated within the BGS3 chromosome to study the expression of the surfactin operon in planta. Results showed that a higher level of psrfA induction was observed upon the establishment of a stable BGS3 population on roots and surfactins extracted from the rhizosphere were produced in biologically significant quantities. Our results also demonstrate that BGS3 efficiently utilizes the main substrates from plant exudates to produce surfactins. This synthesis is also efficient in cells forming colonies and the production may be favoured in bacteria developing slowly in the rhizosphere. This provides a first understanding of how environmental factors may influence lipopeptide production by beneficial Bacillus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venant Nihorimbere
- Centre Wallon de Biologie Industrielle, Unité de Bioindustries, Gembloux University of Agricultural Sciences, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Chollet-Imbert M, Gancel F, Slomianny C, Jacques P. Differentiated pellicle organization and lipopeptide production in standing culture of Bacillus subtilis strains. Arch Microbiol 2008; 191:63-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-008-0429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Fickers P, Leclère V, Guez JS, Béchet M, Coucheney F, Joris B, Jacques P. Temperature dependence of mycosubtilin homologue production in Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633. Res Microbiol 2008; 159:449-57. [PMID: 18656330 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 produces mycosubtilin, a non-ribosomally synthesized lipopeptide of the iturin family which presents antagonistic activities toward various phytopathogens. Different homologues with fatty acid moiety varying from C15 to C17 are usually co-produced, with their biological activities increasing with the number of carbons in the fatty acid chain. In the present report, we highlight that growth temperature modulates both the extent of mycosubtilin production and the relative abundance of the different homologues. A 30-fold increase in mycosubtilin production was observed when the temperature was decreased from 37 degrees C to 25 degrees C for both strain ATCC6633 and its derivative BBG100, a constitutive mycosubtilin overproducer. However, no significant difference in either the expression of the mycosubtilin synthetase encoding genes or in the intracellular synthetase concentration could be found, suggesting that the observed phenotype originated from a higher mycosubtilin synthetase turnover at lower temperature. We also point out that lower growth temperature leads to an increased proportion of odd-numbered fatty acid homologues as a consequence of de novo synthesis of C17 anteiso fatty acid following cell adaptation to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fickers
- Laboratoire de Procédés biologiques, Génie enzymatique et microbien (ProBioGEM, UPRES EA 1026), Polytech'Lille, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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