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Netsrithong R, Garcia-Perez L, Themeli M. Engineered T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells: from research towards clinical implementation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325209. [PMID: 38283344 PMCID: PMC10811463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived T (iT) cells represent a groundbreaking frontier in adoptive cell therapies with engineered T cells, poised to overcome pivotal limitations associated with conventional manufacturing methods. iPSCs offer an off-the-shelf source of therapeutic T cells with the potential for infinite expansion and straightforward genetic manipulation to ensure hypo-immunogenicity and introduce specific therapeutic functions, such as antigen specificity through a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Importantly, genetic engineering of iPSC offers the benefit of generating fully modified clonal lines that are amenable to rigorous safety assessments. Critical to harnessing the potential of iT cells is the development of a robust and clinically compatible production process. Current protocols for genetic engineering as well as differentiation protocols designed to mirror human hematopoiesis and T cell development, vary in efficiency and often contain non-compliant components, thereby rendering them unsuitable for clinical implementation. This comprehensive review centers on the remarkable progress made over the last decade in generating functional engineered T cells from iPSCs. Emphasis is placed on alignment with good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards, scalability, safety measures and quality controls, which constitute the fundamental prerequisites for clinical application. In conclusion, the focus on iPSC as a source promises standardized, scalable, clinically relevant, and potentially safer production of engineered T cells. This groundbreaking approach holds the potential to extend hope to a broader spectrum of patients and diseases, leading in a new era in adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchapong Netsrithong
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Garcia-Perez
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Themeli
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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2
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Tabata Y, Joanna I, Higuchi A. Stem cell culture and differentiation in 3-D scaffolds. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 199:109-127. [PMID: 37678968 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional two-dimensional (2-D) cultivation are easy to utilize for human pluripotent stem (hPS) cell cultivation in standard techniques and are important for analysis or development of the signal pathways to keep pluripotent state of hPS cells cultivated on 2-D cell culture materials. However, the most efficient protocol to prepare hPS cells is the cell culture in a three dimensional (3-D) cultivation unit because huge numbers of hPS cells should be utilized in clinical treatment. Some 3-D cultivation strategies for hPS cells are considered: (a) microencapsulated cell cultivation in suspended hydrogels, (b) cell cultivation on microcarriers (MCs), (c) cell cultivation on self-aggregated spheroid [cell aggregates; embryoid bodies (EBs) and organoids], (d) cell cultivation on microfibers or nanofibers, and (e) cell cultivation in macroporous scaffolds. These cultivation ways are described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Idaszek Joanna
- Division of Materials Design, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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3
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Kwok CK, Sébastien I, Hariharan K, Meiser I, Wihan J, Altmaier S, Karnatz I, Bauer D, Fischer B, Feile A, Cabrera-Socorro A, Rasmussen M, Holst B, Neubauer JC, Clausen C, Verfaillie C, Ebneth A, Hansson M, Steeg R, Zimmermann H. Scalable expansion of iPSC and their derivatives across multiple lineages. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:23-35. [PMID: 35595152 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology enabled the production of pluripotent stem cell lines from somatic cells from a range of known genetic backgrounds. Their ability to differentiate and generate a wide variety of cell types has resulted in their use for various biomedical applications, including toxicity testing. Many of these iPSC lines are now registered in databases and stored in biobanks such as the European Bank for induced pluripotent Stem Cells (EBiSC), which can streamline the quality control and distribution of these individual lines. To generate the quantities of cells for banking and applications like high-throughput toxicity screening, scalable and robust methods need to be developed to enable the large-scale production of iPSCs. 3D suspension culture platforms are increasingly being used by stem cell researchers, owing to a higher cell output in a smaller footprint, as well as simpler scaling by increasing culture volume. Here we describe our strategies for successful scalable production of iPSCs using a benchtop bioreactor and incubator for 3D suspension cultures, while maintaining quality attributes expected of high-quality iPSC lines. Additionally, to meet the increasing demand for "ready-to-use" cell types, we report recent work to establish robust, scalable differentiation protocols to cardiac, neural, and hepatic fate to enable EBiSC to increase available research tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Keong Kwok
- Cell Therapy R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Isabelle Sébastien
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krithika Hariharan
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ina Meiser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Jeanette Wihan
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Altmaier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Isabell Karnatz
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Bauer
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Fischer
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Feile
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Socorro
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Bjørn Holst
- Bioneer A/S, Kogle Allé 2, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Julia C Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Ebneth
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mattias Hansson
- Cell Therapy R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Rachel Steeg
- Fraunhofer UK Research Ltd, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
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Truong HAT, Mothe SR, Min JL, Tan HM, Jackson AW, Nguyen DT, Ye DKJ, Kanaujia P, Thoniyot P, Dang TT. Immuno-modulatory Effects of Microparticles Formulated from Degradable Polystyrene Analogue. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100472. [PMID: 35261175 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental accumulation of non-degradable polystyrene (PS) microparticles from plastic waste poses potential adverse impact on marine life and human health. Herein, we formulate microparticles from a degradable polystyrene analogue (dePS) and comprehensively evaluate their immuno-modulatory characteristics. Both dePS copolymer and microparticles are chemically degradable under accelerated hydrolytic condition. In vitro studies show that dePS microparticles are non-toxic to three immortalized cell lines. While dePS microparticles do not induce macrophage polarization in vitro, dePS microparticles induce in vivo upregulation of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in immuno-competent mice, suggesting the coexistence of mixed phenotypes of macrophages in the host immune response to these microparticles. Interestingly, on day 7 post-injection, dePS microparticles induce a lower level of several immuno-modulatory biomarkers (MMPs activity, TNF-α, and arginase activity) compared to that of reference poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA microparticles. Remarkably, compared to PS microparticles, dePS microparticles exhibit similar in vitro and in vivo bioactivity while acquiring additional chemical degradability. Overall, our research gains new insights into the host immune response to dePS microparticles and suggests that this degradable polystyrene analogue might be explored as an alternative material choice for biomedical and consumer care applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Anh T Truong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Mothe
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Jaclyn Lee Min
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Alexander W Jackson
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Dang Tri Nguyen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Danson Kwong Jia Ye
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Parijat Kanaujia
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Praveen Thoniyot
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Tram Thuy Dang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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Kulchar RJ, Denzer BR, Chavre BM, Takegami M, Patterson J. A Review of the Use of Microparticles for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10292. [PMID: 34638629 PMCID: PMC8508725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue and organ failure has induced immense economic and healthcare concerns across the world. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary biomedical approach which aims to address the issues intrinsic to organ donation by providing an alternative strategy to tissue and organ transplantation. This review is specifically focused on cartilage tissue. Cartilage defects cannot readily regenerate, and thus research into tissue engineering approaches is relevant as a potential treatment option. Cells, scaffolds, and growth factors are three components that can be utilized to regenerate new tissue, and in particular recent advances in microparticle technology have excellent potential to revolutionize cartilage tissue regeneration. First, microspheres can be used for drug delivery by injecting them into the cartilage tissue or joint space to reduce pain and stimulate regeneration. They can also be used as controlled release systems within tissue engineering constructs. Additionally, microcarriers can act as a surface for stem cells or chondrocytes to adhere to and expand, generating large amounts of cells, which are necessary for clinically relevant cell therapies. Finally, a newer application of microparticles is to form them together into granular hydrogels to act as scaffolds for tissue engineering or to use in bioprinting. Tissue engineering has the potential to revolutionize the space of cartilage regeneration, but additional research is needed to allow for clinical translation. Microparticles are a key enabling technology in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J. Kulchar
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; (R.J.K.); (B.M.C.)
| | - Bridget R. Denzer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
| | - Bharvi M. Chavre
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; (R.J.K.); (B.M.C.)
| | - Mina Takegami
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
| | - Jennifer Patterson
- Independent Consultant, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Group, IMDEA Materials Institute, 28906 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Polymethylmethacrylate Copolymer-Based Microcarriers for Culturing Mammalian Cells. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Borys BS, Dang T, So T, Rohani L, Revay T, Walsh T, Thompson M, Argiropoulos B, Rancourt DE, Jung S, Hashimura Y, Lee B, Kallos MS. Overcoming bioprocess bottlenecks in the large-scale expansion of high-quality hiPSC aggregates in vertical-wheel stirred suspension bioreactors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:55. [PMID: 33436078 PMCID: PMC7805206 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold enormous promise in accelerating breakthroughs in understanding human development, drug screening, disease modeling, and cell and gene therapies. Their potential, however, has been bottlenecked in a mostly laboratory setting due to bioprocess challenges in the scale-up of large quantities of high-quality cells for clinical and manufacturing purposes. While several studies have investigated the production of hiPSCs in bioreactors, the use of conventional horizontal-impeller, paddle, and rocking-wave mixing mechanisms have demonstrated unfavorable hydrodynamic environments for hiPSC growth and quality maintenance. This study focused on using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to aid in characterizing and optimizing the use of vertical-wheel bioreactors for hiPSC production. METHODS The vertical-wheel bioreactor was modeled with CFD simulation software Fluent at agitation rates between 20 and 100 rpm. These models produced fluid flow patterns that mapped out a hydrodynamic environment to guide in the development of hiPSC inoculation and in-vessel aggregate dissociation protocols. The effect of single-cell inoculation on aggregate formation and growth was tested at select CFD-modeled agitation rates and feeding regimes in the vertical-wheel bioreactor. An in-vessel dissociation protocol was developed through the testing of various proteolytic enzymes and agitation exposure times. RESULTS CFD modeling demonstrated the unique flow pattern and homogeneous distribution of hydrodynamic forces produced in the vertical-wheel bioreactor, making it the opportune environment for systematic bioprocess optimization of hiPSC expansion. We developed a scalable, single-cell inoculation protocol for the culture of hiPSCs as aggregates in vertical-wheel bioreactors, achieving over 30-fold expansion in 6 days without sacrificing cell quality. We have also provided the first published protocol for in-vessel hiPSC aggregate dissociation, permitting the entire bioreactor volume to be harvested into single cells for serial passaging into larger scale reactors. Importantly, the cells harvested and re-inoculated into scaled-up vertical-wheel bioreactors not only maintained consistent growth kinetics, they maintained a normal karyotype and pluripotent characterization and function. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these protocols provide a feasible solution for the culture of high-quality hiPSCs at a clinical and manufacturing scale by overcoming some of the major documented bioprocess bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna S Borys
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tiffany Dang
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tania So
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Leili Rohani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tamas Revay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Health Services, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Tylor Walsh
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Madalynn Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bob Argiropoulos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Health Services, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- PBS Biotech Inc, 1183 Calle Suerte, Camarillo, CA, 93012, USA
| | - Yas Hashimura
- PBS Biotech Inc, 1183 Calle Suerte, Camarillo, CA, 93012, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- PBS Biotech Inc, 1183 Calle Suerte, Camarillo, CA, 93012, USA
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Zidarič T, Milojević M, Vajda J, Vihar B, Maver U. Cultured Meat: Meat Industry Hand in Hand with Biomedical Production Methods. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-020-09253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bodiou V, Moutsatsou P, Post MJ. Microcarriers for Upscaling Cultured Meat Production. Front Nutr 2020; 7:10. [PMID: 32154261 PMCID: PMC7045063 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the considerable environmental impact and the controversial animal welfare associated with industrial meat production, combined with the ever-increasing global population and demand for meat products, sustainable production alternatives are indispensable. In 2013, the world's first laboratory grown hamburger made from cultured muscle cells was developed. However, coming at a price of $300.000, and being produced manually, substantial effort is still required to reach sustainable large-scale production. One of the main challenges is scalability. Microcarriers (MCs), offering a large surface/volume ratio, are the most promising candidates for upscaling muscle cell culture. However, although many MCs have been developed for cell lines and stem cells typically used in the medical field, none have been specifically developed for muscle stem cells and meat production. This paper aims to discuss the MCs' design criteria for skeletal muscle cell proliferation and subsequently for meat production based on three scenarios: (1) MCs are serving only as a temporary substrate for cell attachment and proliferation and therefore they need to be separated from the cells at some stage of the bioprocess, (2) MCs serve as a temporary substrate for cell proliferation but are degraded or dissolved during the bioprocess, and (3) MCs are embedded in the final product and therefore need to be edible. The particularities of each of these three bioprocesses will be discussed from the perspective of MCs as well as the feasibility of a one-step bioprocess. Each scenario presents advantages and drawbacks, which are discussed in detail, nevertheless the third scenario appears to be the most promising one for a production process. Indeed, using an edible material can limit or completely eliminate dissociation/degradation/separation steps and even promote organoleptic qualities when embedded in the final product. Edible microcarriers could also be used as a temporary substrate similarly to scenarios 1 and 2, which would limit the risk of non-edible residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bodiou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Mosa Meat BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
- CARIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Panagiota Moutsatsou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Mosa Meat BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Post
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Mosa Meat BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
- CARIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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10
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Xu Y, Chen C, Hellwarth PB, Bao X. Biomaterials for stem cell engineering and biomanufacturing. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:366-379. [PMID: 31872161 PMCID: PMC6909203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the expansion of tissue failures and diseases. The uprising of regenerative medicine converges the sight onto stem cell-biomaterial based therapy. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine proposes the strategy of constructing spatially, mechanically, chemically and biologically designed biomaterials for stem cells to grow and differentiate. Therefore, this paper summarized the basic properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and adult stem cells. The properties of frequently used biomaterials were also described in terms of natural and synthetic origins. Particularly, the combination of stem cells and biomaterials for tissue repair applications was reviewed in terms of nervous, cardiovascular, pancreatic, hematopoietic and musculoskeletal system. Finally, stem-cell-related biomanufacturing was envisioned and the novel biofabrication technologies were discussed, enlightening a promising route for the future advancement of large-scale stem cell-biomaterial based therapeutic manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoping Bao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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11
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Derakhti S, Safiabadi-Tali SH, Amoabediny G, Sheikhpour M. Attachment and detachment strategies in microcarrier-based cell culture technology: A comprehensive review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Le MNT, Hasegawa K. Expansion Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Production of Cardiomyocytes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E48. [PMID: 31137703 PMCID: PMC6632060 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSCs)-derived cardiomyocytes for the treatment of heart failure is a promising therapy. In order to implement this therapy requiring numerous cardiomyocytes, substantial production of hPSCs followed by cardiac differentiation seems practical. Conventional methods of culturing hPSCs involve using a 2D culture monolayer that hinders the expansion of hPSCs, thereby limiting their productivity. Advanced culture of hPSCs in 3D aggregates in the suspension overcomes the limitations of 2D culture and attracts immense attention. Although the hPSC production needs to be suitable for subsequent cardiac differentiation, many studies have independently focused on either expansion of hPSCs or cardiac differentiation protocols. In this review, we summarize the recent approaches to expand hPSCs in combination with cardiomyocyte differentiation. A comparison of various suspension culture methods and future prospects for dynamic culture of hPSCs are discussed in this study. Understanding hPSC characteristics in different models of dynamic culture helps to produce numerous cells that are useful for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen Tuyet Le
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Hasegawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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13
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Baakdhah T, van der Kooy D. Expansion of retinal stem cells and their progeny using cell microcarriers in a bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2800. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Baakdhah
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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14
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Lipsitz YY, Tonge PD, Zandstra PW. Chemically controlled aggregation of pluripotent stem cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2061-2066. [PMID: 29679475 PMCID: PMC6055717 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in pluripotent stem cell (PSC) aggregation leads to variability in mass transfer and signaling gradients between aggregates, which results in heterogeneous differentiation and therefore variability in product quality and yield. We have characterized a chemical‐based method to control aggregate size within a specific, tunable range with low heterogeneity, thereby reducing process variability in PSC expansion. This method enables controlled, scalable, stirred suspension‐based manufacturing of PSC cultures that are critical for the translation of regenerative medicine strategies to clinical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Y. Lipsitz
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter D. Tonge
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative MedicineTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter W. Zandstra
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative MedicineTorontoOntarioCanada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Medicine by Design: A Canada First Research Excellence Fund ProgramUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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15
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Shroff G. A review on stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: special focus on human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Cloning 2018; 11:1-11. [PMID: 29483778 PMCID: PMC5813951 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s135415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), is characterized with axonal loss underlying long-term progressive disability. Currently available therapies for its management are able to slow down the progression but fail to treat it completely. Moreover, these therapies are associated with major CNS and cardiovascular adverse events, and prolonged use of these treatments may cause life-threatening diseases. Recent research has shown that cellular therapies hold a potential for CNS repair and may be able to provide protection from inflammatory damage caused after injury. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) transplantation is one of the promising cell therapies; hESCs play an important role in remyelination and help in preventing demylenation of the axons. In this study, an overview of the current knowledge about the unique properties of hESC and their comparison with other cell therapies has been presented for the treatment of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Shroff
- Department of Stem Cell Therapy, Nutech Mediworld, New Delhi, India
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16
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Meng G, Liu S, Poon A, Rancourt DE. Optimizing Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion in Stirred-Suspension Culture. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1804-1817. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Meng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shiying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anna Poon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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17
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18
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Gupta P, Hourigan K, Jadhav S, Bellare J, Verma P. Effect of lactate and pH on mouse pluripotent stem cells: Importance of media analysis. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Miyagawa S, Fukushima S, Imanishi Y, Kawamura T, Mochizuki-Oda N, Masuda S, Sawa Y. Building A New Treatment For Heart Failure-Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cells into the Heart. Curr Gene Ther 2016; 16:5-13. [PMID: 26785736 PMCID: PMC4997929 DOI: 10.2174/1566523216666160119094143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced cardiac failure is a progressive intractable disease and is the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Since this pathology is represented by a definite decrease in cardiomyocyte number, supplementation of functional cardiomyocytes into the heart would hypothetically be an ideal therapeutic option. Recently, unlimited in vitro production of human functional cardiomyocytes was established by using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, which avoids the use of human embryos. A number of basic studies including ours have shown that transplantation of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) into the damaged heart leads to recovery of cardiac function, thereby establishing “proof-of-concept” of this iPSC-transplantation therapy. However, considering clinical application of this therapy, its feasibility, safety, and therapeutic efficacy need to be further investigated in the pre-clinical stage. This review summarizes up-to-date important topics related to safety and efficacy of iPSC-CMs transplantation therapy for cardiac disease and discusses the prospects for this treatment in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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20
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Mazzotta S, Neves C, Bonner RJ, Bernardo AS, Docherty K, Hoppler S. Distinctive Roles of Canonical and Noncanonical Wnt Signaling in Human Embryonic Cardiomyocyte Development. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:764-776. [PMID: 27641648 PMCID: PMC5063467 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a key regulator of vertebrate heart development; however, specific roles for human cardiomyocyte development remain uncertain. Here we use human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to analyze systematically in human cardiomyocyte development the expression of endogenous Wnt signaling components, monitor pathway activity, and dissect stage-specific requirements for canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling mechanisms using small-molecule inhibitors. Our analysis suggests that WNT3 and WNT8A, via FZD7 and canonical signaling, regulate BRACHYURY expression and mesoderm induction; that WNT5A/5B, via ROR2 and noncanonical signaling, regulate MESP1 expression and cardiovascular development; and that later in development WNT2, WNT5A/5B, and WNT11, via FZD4 and FZD6, regulate functional cardiomyocyte differentiation via noncanonical Wnt signaling. Our findings confirm in human development previously proposed roles for canonical Wnt signaling in sequential stages of vertebrate cardiomyogenesis, and identify more precise roles for noncanonical signaling and for individual Wnt signal and Wnt receptor genes in human cardiomyocyte development. hESCs were used to study Wnt signaling during human cardiomyocyte development Previously proposed roles for canonical Wnt signaling were confirmed in human Specific roles for noncanonical Wnt signaling were identified in cardiomyogenesis Individual Wnt signal and receptor genes were identified in human cardiomyogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mazzotta
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Carlos Neves
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Rory J Bonner
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Andreia S Bernardo
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, UK; Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Kevin Docherty
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Stefan Hoppler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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21
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Microcarrier-based platforms for in vitro expansion and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells in bioreactor culture systems. J Biotechnol 2016; 234:71-82. [PMID: 27480342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have attracted a great attention as an unlimited source of cells for cell therapies and other in vitro biomedical applications such as drug screening, toxicology assays and disease modeling. The implementation of scalable culture platforms for the large-scale production of hPSC and their derivatives is mandatory to fulfill the requirement of obtaining large numbers of cells for these applications. Microcarrier technology has been emerging as an effective approach for the large scale ex vivo hPSC expansion and differentiation. This review presents recent achievements in hPSC microcarrier-based culture systems and discusses the crucial aspects that influence the performance of these culture platforms. Recent progress includes addressing chemically-defined culture conditions for manufacturing of hPSC and their derivatives, with the development of xeno-free media and microcarrier coatings to meet good manufacturing practice (GMP) quality requirements. Finally, examples of integrated platforms including hPSC expansion and directed differentiation to specific lineages are also presented in this review.
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22
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Karimian S.A. M, Mashayekhan S, Baniasadi H. Fabrication of porous gelatin-chitosan microcarriers and modeling of process parameters via the RSM method. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:288-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Qiu L, Lim YM, Chen AK, Reuveny S, Oh SKW, Tan EK, Zeng L. Microcarrier-Expanded Neural Progenitor Cells Can Survive, Differentiate, and Innervate Host Neurons Better When Transplanted as Aggregates. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1343-57. [DOI: 10.3727/096368915x690378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are an excellent cell source for transplantation therapy due to their availability and ethical acceptability. However, the traditional method of expansion and differentiation of hESCs into NPCs in monolayer cultures requires a long time, and the cell yield is low. A microcarrier (MC) platform can improve the expansion of hESCs and increase the yield of NPCs. In this study, for the first time, we transplanted microcarrier-expanded hESC-derived NPCs into the striatum of adult NOD-SCID IL2Rgc null mice, either as single cells or as cell aggregates. The recipient mice were perfused, and the in vivo survival, differentiation, and targeted innervation of the transplanted cells were assessed by immunostaining. We found that both the transplanted single NPCs and aggregate NPCs were able to survive 1 month posttransplantation, as revealed by human-specific neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and human nuclear antigen staining. Compared to the single cells, the transplanted cell aggregates showed better survival over a 3-month period. In addition, both the transplanted single NPCs and the aggregate NPCs were able to differentiate into DCX-positive immature neurons and Tuj1-positive neurons in vivo by 1 month posttransplantation. However, only the transplantation of aggregate NPCs was shown to result in mature neurons at 3 months posttransplantation. Furthermore, we found that the cell aggregates were able to send long axons to innervate their targets. Our study provides preclinical evidence that the use of MCs to expand and differentiate hESC-derived NPCs and transplantation of these cells as aggregates produce longer survival in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Qiu
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Yu Ming Lim
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Allen K. Chen
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Steve K. W. Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, SGH Campus, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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24
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Langhans MT, Yu S, Tuan RS. Stem Cells in Skeletal Tissue Engineering: Technologies and Models. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 11:453-474. [PMID: 26423296 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x10666151001115248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys the use of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells in skeletal tissue engineering. Specific emphasis is focused on evaluating the function and activities of these cells in the context of development in vivo, and how technologies and methods of stem cell-based tissue engineering for stem cells must draw inspiration from developmental biology. Information on the embryonic origin and in vivo differentiation of skeletal tissues is first reviewed, to shed light on the persistence and activities of adult stem cells that remain in skeletal tissues after embryogenesis. Next, the development and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is discussed, and some of their advantages and disadvantages in the context of tissue engineering are presented. The final section highlights current use of multipotent adult mesenchymal stem cells, reviewing their origin, differentiation capacity, and potential applications to tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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25
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Badenes SM, Fernandes TG, Cordeiro CSM, Boucher S, Kuninger D, Vemuri MC, Diogo MM, Cabral JMS. Defined Essential 8™ Medium and Vitronectin Efficiently Support Scalable Xeno-Free Expansion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Stirred Microcarrier Culture Systems. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151264. [PMID: 26999816 PMCID: PMC4801338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell culture using Essential 8™ xeno-free medium and the defined xeno-free matrix vitronectin was successfully implemented under adherent conditions. This matrix was able to support hiPS cell expansion either in coated plates or on polystyrene-coated microcarriers, while maintaining hiPS cell functionality and pluripotency. Importantly, scale-up of the microcarrier-based system was accomplished using a 50 mL spinner flask, under dynamic conditions. A three-level factorial design experiment was performed to identify optimal conditions in terms of a) initial cell density b) agitation speed, and c) to maximize cell yield in spinner flask cultures. A maximum cell yield of 3.5 is achieved by inoculating 55,000 cells/cm2 of microcarrier surface area and using 44 rpm, which generates a cell density of 1.4x106 cells/mL after 10 days of culture. After dynamic culture, hiPS cells maintained their typical morphology upon re-plating, exhibited pluripotency-associated marker expression as well as tri-lineage differentiation capability, which was verified by inducing their spontaneous differentiation through embryoid body formation, and subsequent downstream differentiation to specific lineages such as neural and cardiac fates was successfully accomplished. In conclusion, a scalable, robust and cost-effective xeno-free culture system was successfully developed and implemented for the scale-up production of hiPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Badenes
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Cláudia S. M. Cordeiro
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Shayne Boucher
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cell Biology, Life Sciences Solutions, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Kuninger
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cell Biology, Life Sciences Solutions, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mohan C. Vemuri
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cell Biology, Life Sciences Solutions, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Margarida Diogo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cell Biology, Life Sciences Solutions, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cell Biology, Life Sciences Solutions, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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26
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Human cardiomyocyte generation from pluripotent stem cells: A state-of-art. Life Sci 2015; 145:98-113. [PMID: 26682938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human heart is considered a non-regenerative organ. Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death. Despite advances in cardiac treatment, myocardial repair remains severely limited by the lack of an appropriate source of viable cardiomyocytes (CMs) to replace damaged tissue. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can efficiently be differentiated into functional CMs necessary for cell replacement therapy and other potential applications. The number of protocols that derive CMs from hPSCs has increased exponentially over the past decade following observation of the first human beating CMs. A number of highly efficient, chemical based protocols have been developed to generate human CMs (hCMs) in small-scale and large-scale suspension systems. To reduce the heterogeneity of hPSC-derived CMs, the differentiation protocols were modulated to exclusively generate atrial-, ventricular-, and nodal-like CM subtypes. Recently, remarkable advances have been achieved in hCM generation including chemical-based cardiac differentiation, cardiac subtype specification, large-scale suspension culture differentiation, and development of chemically defined culture conditions. These hCMs could be useful particularly in the context of in vitro disease modeling, pharmaceutical screening and in cellular replacement therapies once the safety issues are overcome. Herein we review recent progress in the in vitro generation of CMs and cardiac subtypes from hPSCs and discuss their potential applications and current limitations.
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27
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Production of human pluripotent stem cell therapeutics under defined xeno-free conditions: progress and challenges. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 11:96-109. [PMID: 25077810 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have brought us closer to the realization of their clinical potential. Nonetheless, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications will require the generation of hPSC products well beyond the laboratory scale. This also mandates the production of hPSC therapeutics in fully-defined, xeno-free systems and in a reproducible manner. Toward this goal, we summarize current developments in defined media free of animal-derived components for hPSC culture. Bioinspired and synthetic extracellular matrices for the attachment, growth and differentiation of hPSCs are also reviewed. Given that most progress in xeno-free medium and substrate development has been demonstrated in two-dimensional rather than three dimensional culture systems, translation from the former to the latter poses unique difficulties. These challenges are discussed in the context of cultivation platforms of hPSCs as aggregates, on microcarriers or after encapsulation in biocompatible scaffolds.
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28
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Knöspel F, Freyer N, Stecklum M, Gerlach JC, Zeilinger K. Periodic harvesting of embryonic stem cells from a hollow-fiber membrane based four-compartment bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 32:141-51. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Knöspel
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Nora Freyer
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Stecklum
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH; Berlin Germany
| | - Jörg C. Gerlach
- McGowan Inst. for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA
| | - Katrin Zeilinger
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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29
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Elanzew A, Sommer A, Pusch-Klein A, Brüstle O, Haupt S. A reproducible and versatile system for the dynamic expansion of human pluripotent stem cells in suspension. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1589-99. [PMID: 26110829 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of patient cells to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) has facilitated in vitro disease modeling studies aiming at deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to disease pathogenesis and progression. To fully exploit the potential of hiPSC for biomedical applications, technologies that enable the standardized generation and expansion of hiPSC from large numbers of donors are required. Paralleled automated processes for the expansion of hiPSC could provide an opportunity to maximize the generation of hiPSC collections from patient cohorts while minimizing hands-on time and costs. In order to develop a simple method for the parallel expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) we established a protocol for their cultivation as undifferentiated aggregates in a bench-top bioreactor system (BioLevitator™). We show that long-term expansion (10 passages) of hPSCs either in mTeSR or E8 medium preserved a normal karyotype, three-germ-layer differentiation potential and high expression of pluripotency-associated markers. The system enables the expansion from low inoculation densities (0.3 × 10(5) cells/mL) and provides a simplified, cost-efficient and time-saving method for the provision of hiPSC at midi-scale. Implementation of this protocol in cell production schemes has the potential to advance cell manufacturing in many areas of hiPSC-based medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Elanzew
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE&BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,LIFE&BRAIN GmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE&BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,LIFE&BRAIN GmbH, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Simone Haupt
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE&BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,LIFE&BRAIN GmbH, Bonn, Germany.
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30
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Zhang J, Cui Z, Field R, Moloney MG, Rimmer S, Ye H. Thermo-responsive microcarriers based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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31
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Crook JM, Wallace G, Tomaskovic-Crook E. The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in models of neurological disorders: implications on future therapy. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:295-304. [PMID: 25664599 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1013096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new and advanced approaches to modeling the pathological mechanisms of complex human neurological disorders. This is underscored by the decline in pharmaceutical research and development efficiency resulting in a relative decrease in new drug launches in the last several decades. Induced pluripotent stem cells represent a new tool to overcome many of the shortcomings of conventional methods, enabling live human neural cell modeling of complex conditions relating to aberrant neurodevelopment, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy and autism as well as age-associated neurodegeneration. This review considers the current status of induced pluripotent stem cell-based modeling of neurological disorders, canvassing proven and putative advantages, current constraints, and future prospects of next-generation culture systems for biomedical research and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Micah Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, New South Wales 2519, Australia
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32
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Jenkins MJ, Farid SS. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived products: advances towards robust, scalable and cost-effective manufacturing strategies. Biotechnol J 2014; 10:83-95. [PMID: 25524780 PMCID: PMC4674985 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to develop cost-effective, scalable and robust bioprocesses for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) will be key to their commercial success as cell therapies and tools for use in drug screening and disease modelling studies. This review outlines key process economic drivers for hPSCs and progress made on improving the economic and operational feasibility of hPSC bioprocesses. Factors influencing key cost metrics, namely capital investment and cost of goods, for hPSCs are discussed. Step efficiencies particularly for differentiation, media requirements and technology choice are amongst the key process economic drivers identified for hPSCs. Progress made to address these cost drivers in hPSC bioprocessing strategies is discussed. These include improving expansion and differentiation yields in planar and bioreactor technologies, the development of xeno-free media and microcarrier coatings, identification of optimal bioprocess operating conditions to control cell fate and the development of directed differentiation protocols that reduce reliance on expensive morphogens such as growth factors and small molecules. These approaches offer methods to further optimise hPSC bioprocessing in terms of its commercial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jenkins
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Lam ATL, Chen AKL, Li J, Birch WR, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. Conjoint propagation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to cardiomyocytes in a defined microcarrier spinner culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:110. [PMID: 25223792 PMCID: PMC4183116 DOI: 10.1186/scrt498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myocardial infarction is accompanied by a significant loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs). Functional CMs, differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), offer a potentially unlimited cell source for cardiac disease therapies and regenerative cardiovascular medicine. However, conventional production methods on monolayer culture surfaces cannot adequately supply the large numbers of cells required for such treatments. To this end, an integrated microcarrier (MC) bioprocessing system for hESC propagation and subsequent CM differentiation was developed. Methods Production of hESC-derived CMs was initially established in monolayer cultures. This control condition was compared against hESC expansion on laminin-coated MC with cationic surface charge, in a stirred serum-free defined culture. Following expansion, the hESC/MC aggregates were placed in a CM differentiation medium, using Wnt signalling modulators in four different culture conditions. This process eliminated the need for manual colony cutting. The final optimized protocol was tested in stirred spinner flasks, combining expansion and differentiation on the same MC, with only media changes during the culture process. Results In the propagation phase, a 15-fold expansion of viable pluripotent HES-3 was achieved, with homogeneous sized aggregates of 316 ± 11 μm. Of the four differentiation conditions, stirred spinner flask cultures (MC-Sp) provided the best controlled aggregate sizes and yielded 1.9 × 106 CM/ml, as compared to 0.5 × 106 CM/ml using the monolayer cultures method: a four-fold increase in CM/ml. Similar results (1.3 × 106 CM/ml) were obtained with an alternative hESC H7 line. The hESC/MC-derived CM expressed cardiac-specific transcription factors, structural, ion channel genes, and exhibited cross-striations of sarcomeric proteins, thus confirming their cardiac ontogeny. Moreover, E-4031 (0.3 μM) prolonged the QT-interval duration by 40% and verapamil (3 μM) reduced it by 45%, illustrating the suitability of these CM for pharmacological assays. Conclusions We have demonstrated a robust and scalable microcarrier system for generating hESC-derived CM. This platform is enabled by defined microcarrier matrices and it integrates cell propagation and differentiation within a continuous process, in serum-free culture media. It can generate significant numbers of CM, which are potentially suitable for future clinical therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/scrt498) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Higuchi A, Ling QD, Kumar SS, Chang Y, Kao TC, Munusamy MA, Alarfaj AA, Hsu ST, Umezawa A. External stimulus-responsive biomaterials designed for the culture and differentiation of ES, iPS, and adult stem cells. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gupta P, Ismadi MZ, Verma PJ, Fouras A, Jadhav S, Bellare J, Hourigan K. Optimization of agitation speed in spinner flask for microcarrier structural integrity and expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:45-59. [PMID: 25062986 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, the study and use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have become important in order to avoid the ethical issues surrounding the use of embryonic stem cells. Therapeutic, industrial and research based use of iPSC requires large quantities of cells generated in vitro. Mammalian cells, including pluripotent stem cells, have been expanded using 3D culture, however current limitations have not been overcome to allow a uniform, optimized platform for dynamic culture of pluripotent stem cells to be achieved. In the current work, we have expanded mouse iPSC in a spinner flask using Cytodex 3 microcarriers. We have looked at the effect of agitation on the microcarrier survival and optimized an agitation speed that supports bead suspension and iPS cell expansion without any bead breakage. Under the optimized conditions, the mouse iPSC were able to maintain their growth, pluripotency and differentiation capability. We demonstrate that microcarrier survival and iPS cell expansion in a spinner flask are reliant on a very narrow range of spin rates, highlighting the need for precise control of such set ups and the need for improved design of more robust systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- IITB Monash Research Academy, Mumbai, India. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Division of Biological Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mohd-Zulhilmi Ismadi
- Division of Biological Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J Verma
- Division of Biological Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,South Australian Research and Development Institute, Rosedale, SA, Australia
| | - Andreas Fouras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sameer Jadhav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Kerry Hourigan
- Division of Biological Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Higuchi A, Ling QD, Kumar SS, Munusamy M, Alarfajj AA, Umezawa A, Wu GJ. Design of polymeric materials for culturing human pluripotent stem cells: Progress toward feeder-free and xeno-free culturing. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Liu N, Li Y, Yang ST. Expansion of embryonic stem cells in suspension and fibrous bed bioreactors. J Biotechnol 2014; 178:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lam ATL, Li J, Chen AKL, Reuveny S, Oh SKW, Birch WR. Cationic surface charge combined with either vitronectin or laminin dictates the evolution of human embryonic stem cells/microcarrier aggregates and cell growth in agitated cultures. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1688-703. [PMID: 24641164 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) for biomedical applications generally compels a defined, reliable, and scalable platform. Bioreactors offer a three-dimensional culture environment that relies on the implementation of microcarriers (MC), as supports for cell anchorage and their subsequent growth. Polystyrene microspheres/MC coated with adhesion-promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, vitronectin (VN), or laminin (LN) have been shown to support hPSC expansion in a static environment. However, they are insufficient to promote human embryonic stem cells (hESC) seeding and their expansion in an agitated environment. The present study describes an innovative technology, consisting of a cationic charge that underlies the ECM coatings. By combining poly-L-lysine (PLL) with a coating of ECM protein, cell attachment efficiency and cell spreading are improved, thus enabling seeding under agitation in a serum-free medium. This coating combination also critically enables the subsequent formation and evolution of hPSC/MC aggregates, which ensure cell viability and generate high yields. Aggregate dimensions of at least 300 μm during early cell growth give rise to ≈15-fold expansion at 7 days' culture. Increasing aggregate numbers at a quasi-constant size of ≈300 μm indicates hESC growth within a self-regulating microenvironment. PLL+LN enables cell seeding and aggregate evolution under constant agitation, whereas PLL+VN requires an intermediate 2-day static pause to attain comparable aggregate sizes and correspondingly high expansion yields. The cells' highly reproducible bioresponse to these defined and characterized MC surface properties is universal across multiple cell lines, thus confirming the robustness of this scalable expansion process in a defined environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Tin-Lun Lam
- 1 Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore , Singapore
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Chen X, Prowse ABJ, Jia Z, Tellier H, Munro TP, Gray PP, Monteiro MJ. Thermoresponsive Worms for Expansion and Release of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:844-55. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401702h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew B. J. Prowse
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Helena Tellier
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Trent P. Munro
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter P. Gray
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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Matsuura K, Shimizu T, Okano T. Toward the development of bioengineered human three-dimensional vascularized cardiac tissue using cell sheet technology. Int Heart J 2014; 55:1-7. [PMID: 24463919 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.13-337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered cardiac tissue is expected to be applied to regenerative medicine and tissue models for disease research and drug screening. Recent and rapid progress in technologies for tissue engineering approaches, including cell sheet technology, vascularization of thickened tissues, and large-scale expansion and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, is about to realize the fabrication of human three-dimensional cardiac tissue. However, a remaining challenge is to make these fabricated tissues closely resemble the phenotypes, and to perform the functions of human cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University
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41
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Chen A, Ting S, Seow J, Reuveny S, Oh S. Considerations in designing systems for large scale production of human cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:12. [PMID: 24444355 PMCID: PMC4055057 DOI: 10.1186/scrt401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes have attracted attention as an unlimited source of cells for cardiac therapies. One of the factors to surmount to achieve this is the production of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes at a commercial or clinical scale with economically and technically feasible platforms. Given the limited proliferation capacity of differentiated cardiomyocytes and the difficulties in isolating and culturing committed cardiac progenitors, the strategy for cardiomyocyte production would be biphasic, involving hPSC expansion to generate adequate cell numbers followed by differentiation to cardiomyocytes for specific applications. This review summarizes and discusses up-to-date two-dimensional cell culture, cell-aggregate and microcarrier-based platforms for hPSC expansion. Microcarrier-based platforms are shown to be the most suitable for up-scaled production of hPSCs. Subsequently, different platforms for directing hPSC differentiation to cardiomyocytes are discussed. Monolayer differentiation can be straightforward and highly efficient and embryoid body-based approaches are also yielding reasonable cardiomyocyte efficiencies, whereas microcarrier-based approaches are in their infancy but can also generate high cardiomyocyte yields. The optimal target is to establish an integrated scalable process that combines hPSC expansion and cardiomyocyte differentiation into a one unit operation. This review discuss key issues such as platform selection, bioprocess parameters, medium development, downstream processing and parameters that meet current good manufacturing practice standards.
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Chen KG, Mallon BS, McKay RDG, Robey PG. Human pluripotent stem cell culture: considerations for maintenance, expansion, and therapeutics. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 14:13-26. [PMID: 24388173 PMCID: PMC3915741 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide powerful resources for application in regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical development. In the past decade, various methods have been developed for large-scale hPSC culture that rely on combined use of multiple growth components, including media containing various growth factors, extracellular matrices, 3D environmental cues, and modes of multicellular association. In this Protocol Review, we dissect these growth components by comparing cell culture methods and identifying the benefits and pitfalls associated with each one. We further provide criteria, considerations, and suggestions to achieve optimal cell growth for hPSC expansion, differentiation, and use in future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Chen
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Barbara S Mallon
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald D G McKay
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kamei KI. Cutting-Edge Microfabricated Biomedical Tools for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:469-81. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068213495394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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44
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Application of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell microcarrier cultures in cellular therapy: Achievements and future direction. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1032-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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45
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Sart S, Agathos SN, Li Y. Engineering stem cell fate with biochemical and biomechanical properties of microcarriers. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1354-66. [PMID: 24124017 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microcarriers have been widely used for various biotechnology applications because of their high scale-up potential, high reproducibility in regulating cellular behavior, and well-documented compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). Recently, microcarriers have been emerging as a novel approach for stem cell expansion and differentiation, enabling potential scale-up of stem cell-derived products in large bioreactors. This review summarizes recent advances of using microcarriers in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and pluripotent stem cell (PSC) cultures. From the reported data, efficient expansion and differentiation of stem cells on microcarriers rely on their ability to modulate cell shape (i.e. round or spreading) and cell organization (i.e. aggregate size). Nonetheless, current screening of microcarriers remains empirical, and accurate understanding of how stem cells interact with microcarriers still remains unknown. This review suggests that accurate characterization of biochemical and biomechanical properties of microcarriers is required to fully exploit their potential in regulating stem cell fate decision. Due to the variety of microcarriers, such detailed analyses should lead to the rational design of application-specific microcarriers, enabling the exploitation of reproducible effects for large scale biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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46
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Wang Y, Cheng L, Gerecht S. Efficient and scalable expansion of human pluripotent stem cells under clinically compliant settings: a view in 2013. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:1357-72. [PMID: 24132657 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for revolutionizing regenerative medicine for their potential applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and cellular therapy. Many their applications require robust and scalable expansion of hPSCs, even under settings compliant to good clinical practices. Rapid evolution of media and substrates provided safer and more defined culture conditions for long-term expansion of undifferentiated hPSCs in either adhesion or suspension. With well-designed automatic systems or fully controlled bioreactors, production of a clinically relevant quantity of hPSCs could be achieved in the near future. The goal is to find a scalable, xeno-free, chemically defined, and economic culture system for clinical-grade expansion of hPSCs that complies the requirements of current good manufacturing practices. This review provides an updated overview of the current development and challenges on the way to accomplish this goal, including discussions on basic principles for bioprocess design, serum-free media, extracellular matric or synthesized substrate, microcarrier- or cell aggregate-based suspension culture, and scalability and practicality of equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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47
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Joddar B, Ito Y. Artificial niche substrates for embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell cultures. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:218-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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48
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Liu N, Zang R, Yang ST, Li Y. Stem cell engineering in bioreactors for large-scale bioprocessing. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Ru Zang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; FAMU-FSU College of Engineering; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL USA
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Jang M, Lee ST, Kim JW, Yang JH, Yoon JK, Park JC, Ryoo HM, van der Vlies AJ, Ahn JY, Hubbell JA, Song YS, Lee G, Lim JM. A feeder-free, defined three-dimensional polyethylene glycol-based extracellular matrix niche for culture of human embryonic stem cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3571-80. [PMID: 23422594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report optimization of a serum- and feeder-free, three-dimensional (3D) niche created with a synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based extracellular matrix for self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Three hESC lines (H9, H1 and Novo) were cultured in hydrogels of different mechanical properties, and cellular morphology and activity were compared to culture in feeder-free or feeder-containing two-dimensional (2D) niches. Significant effects of PEG concentration (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 or 15%) and vinyl sulfone-functionalized PEG multiarm number (3, 4 or 8) on hESC morphology were detected in the H9 line. Cell growth was maximal with an 8 multiarm architecture of any PEG concentration, which yielded the highest expression of stemness-related genes. Alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured H9 cells was similar between the optimized feeder-free 3D and the feeder-containing 2D systems. However, increased expression of the KLF4, CDH1, TERT, SOX2, and UTF1 genes and expression of pluripotency-specific SSEA-4, Oct3/4, Nanog, Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81 were detected in the 3D-cultured hESC clumps. H1 and Novo cell lines also expanded in the optimized 3D system, which maintain stemness properties. Although different proliferation activities were detected among three lines, the difference was decreased after the 3D culture. These results demonstrate that chemically defined, acellular niches created using PEG-based hydrogels have the potential to support hESC self-renewal. Modulation of 3D properties can create various models for cell transformation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jang
- WCU Biomodulation Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bardy J, Chen AK, Lim YM, Wu S, Wei S, Weiping H, Chan K, Reuveny S, Oh SK. Microcarrier Suspension Cultures for High-Density Expansion and Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Neural Progenitor Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 19:166-80. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jo'an Bardy
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Allen K. Chen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Ming Lim
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Selena Wu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shunhui Wei
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Weiping
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ken Chan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steve K.W. Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
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