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Xiao M, Shen Z, Luo W, Tan B, Meng X, Wu X, Wu S, Nie K, Tong T, Hong J, Wang X, Wang X. A new colitis therapy strategy via the target colonization of magnetic nanoparticle-internalized Roseburia intestinalis. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:4174-4185. [PMID: 31380882 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis process in the gut tissue of humans relies on intestinal bacteria. However, the intestine is a complex structural tissue with a huge superficial area, and thus the effective application of probiotics in the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) is still challenging. Herein, we show the feasibility of probiotic target delivery and retention using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-internalized Roseburia intestinalis, which can be easily directed by a magnetic field in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the increased colonization of this core profitable flora not only resulted in a better therapy effect than traditional intragastric administration but also altered the bacterial composition, leading to a higher diversity in microbial taxa in rats with colitis. Our findings illustrate the exciting opportunities that nanotechnology offers for alternative strategies to modulate biological systems remotely and precisely, which represent a step towards the wireless magnetic manipulation of living biological entities in microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
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2
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Regulation of Electromagnetic Perceptive Gene Using Ferromagnetic Particles for the External Control of Calcium Ion Transport. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020308. [PMID: 32075263 PMCID: PMC7072303 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing synthetic biological devices to allow the noninvasive control of cell fate and function, in vivo can potentially revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine. To address this unmet need, we designed an artificial biological “switch” that consists of two parts: (1) the electromagnetic perceptive gene (EPG) and (2) magnetic particles. Our group has recently cloned the EPG from the Kryptopterus bicirrhis (glass catfish). The EPG gene encodes a putative membrane-associated protein that responds to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This gene’s primary mechanism of action is to raise the intracellular calcium levels or change in flux through EMF stimulation. Here, we developed a system for the remote regulation of [Ca2+]i (i.e., intracellular calcium ion concentration) using streptavidin-coated ferromagnetic particles (FMPs) under a magnetic field. The results demonstrated that the EPG-FMPs can be used as a molecular calcium switch to express target proteins. This technology has the potential for controlled gene expression, drug delivery, and drug developments.
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Sedlmayer F, Aubel D, Fussenegger M. Synthetic gene circuits for the detection, elimination and prevention of disease. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:399-415. [PMID: 31011195 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In living organisms, naturally evolved sensors that constantly monitor and process environmental cues trigger corrective actions that enable the organisms to cope with changing conditions. Such natural processes have inspired biologists to construct synthetic living sensors and signalling pathways, by repurposing naturally occurring proteins and by designing molecular building blocks de novo, for customized diagnostics and therapeutics. In particular, designer cells that employ user-defined synthetic gene circuits to survey disease biomarkers and to autonomously re-adjust unbalanced pathological states can coordinate the production of therapeutics, with controlled timing and dosage. Furthermore, tailored genetic networks operating in bacterial or human cells have led to cancer remission in experimental animal models, owing to the network's unprecedented specificity. Other applications of designer cells in infectious, metabolic and autoimmune diseases are also being explored. In this Review, we describe the biomedical applications of synthetic gene circuits in major disease areas, and discuss how the first genetically engineered devices developed on the basis of synthetic-biology principles made the leap from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Sedlmayer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Aubel
- IUTA Département Génie Biologique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Iranmanesh M, Hulliger J. Magnetic separation: its application in mining, waste purification, medicine, biochemistry and chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5925-5934. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of strong magnetic field gradients and high magnetic fields generated by permanent magnets or superconducting coils has found applications in many fields such as mining, solid state chemistry, biochemistry and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iranmanesh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | - J. Hulliger
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern
- Switzerland
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5
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Herrmann IK, Beck-Schimmer B, Schumacher CM, Gschwind S, Kaech A, Ziegler U, Clavien PA, Günther D, Stark WJ, Graf R, Schlegel AA. In vivo risk evaluation of carbon-coated iron carbide nanoparticles based on short- and long-term exposure scenarios. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:783-96. [PMID: 26979124 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While carbon-encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles exhibit strong magnetic properties appealing for biomedical applications, potential side effects of such materials remain comparatively poorly understood. Here, we assess the effects of iron-based nanoparticles in an in vivo long-term study in mice with observation windows between 1 week and 1 year. MATERIALS & METHODS Functionalized (PEG or IgG) carbon-encapsulated platinum-spiked iron carbide nanoparticles were injected intravenously in mice (single or repeated dose administration). RESULTS One week after administration, magnetic nanoparticles were predominantly localized in organs of the reticuloendothelial system, particularly the lung and liver. After 1 year, particles were still present in these organs, however, without any evident tissue alterations, such as inflammation, fibrosis, necrosis or carcinogenesis. Importantly, reticuloendothelial system organs presented with normal function. CONCLUSION This long-term exposure study shows high in vivo compatibility of intravenously applied carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles suggesting continuing investigations on such materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge K Herrmann
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology & Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Beck-Schimmer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology & Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Schumacher
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical & Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Gschwind
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andres Kaech
- Center for Microscopy & Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Ziegler
- Center for Microscopy & Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Swiss HPB & Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Detlef Günther
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical & Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss HPB & Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea A Schlegel
- Swiss HPB & Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Balla DZ, Gottschalk S, Shajan G, Ueberberg S, Schneider S, Hardtke-Wolenski M, Jaeckel E, Hoerr V, Faber C, Scheffler K, Pohmann R, Engelmann J. In vivo visualization of single native pancreatic islets in the mouse. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 8:495-504. [PMID: 24375905 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of a novel targeted contrast agent (CA) for the in vivo visualization of single native pancreatic islets, the sites of insulin production, in the pancreas of mice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The CA for intravenous administration was composed of the β-cell-specific single-chain antibody fragment, SCA B1, and ferromagnetic carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticles. MRI experiments were performed at 7, 9.4 and 16.4 T in excised organs (pancreas, liver, kidney, spleen), at 7 T in mice fixed in formalin and at 9.4 and 16.4 T in living mice. Image contrast in untreated control animals was compared with images from mice treated with unspecific and specific CA. For the validation of MRI results, selected pancreases were subjected to immunohistochemical staining and numerical contrast simulations were performed. Ex vivo results and the outcome of immunohistochemistry suggest that islets are marked only by the CA containing SCA B1. Strong accumulation of particles was found also in other investigated organs owing to the uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, but the contrast in the MR images is clearly distinguishable from the islet specific contrast in pancreases and numerical predictions. In vivo experiments based on averaged dynamic sampling with 66 × 66 × 100 µm³ and triggered acquisition with 90 × 90 × 200 µm³ nominal resolution resulted in similar particle contrast to in in vitro measurements. The newly developed CA and MRI strategies have the potential to be used for studying mouse diabetes models by visualizing single native pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Z Balla
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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Fuhrer R, Hofmann S, Hild N, Vetsch JR, Herrmann IK, Grass RN, Stark WJ. Pressureless mechanical induction of stem cell differentiation is dose and frequency dependent. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81362. [PMID: 24278427 PMCID: PMC3836961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement is a key characteristic of higher organisms. During mammalian embryogenesis fetal movements have been found critical to normal tissue development. On the single cell level, however, our current understanding of stem cell differentiation concentrates on inducing factors through cytokine mediated biochemical signaling. In this study, human mesenchymal stem cells and chondrogenesis were investigated as representative examples. We show that pressureless, soft mechanical stimulation precipitated by the cyclic deformation of soft, magnetic hydrogel scaffolds with an external magnetic field, can induce chondrogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells without any additional chondrogenesis transcription factors (TGF-β1 and dexamethasone). A systematic study on the role of movement frequency revealed a classical dose-response relationship for human mesenchymal stem cells differentiation towards cartilage using mere mechanical stimulation. This effect could even be synergistically amplified when exogenous chondrogenic factors and movement were combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Fuhrer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora Hild
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Inge K. Herrmann
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N. Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Ghiazza M, Tomatis M, Doublier S, Grendene F, Gazzano E, Ghigo D, Fubini B. Carbon in Intimate Contact with Quartz Reduces the Biological Activity of Crystalline Silica Dusts. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 26:46-54. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300299v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ghiazza
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Sophie Doublier
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Italy
| | - Francesca Grendene
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Italy
| | - Dario Ghigo
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Italy
| | - Bice Fubini
- “G. Scansetti”
Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy
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9
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Genetically programmed superparamagnetic behavior of mammalian cells. J Biotechnol 2012; 162:237-45. [PMID: 23036923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although magnetic fields and paramagnetic inorganic materials were abundant on planet earth during the entire evolution of living species the interaction of organisms with these physical forces remains a little-understood phenomenon. Interestingly, rather than being genetically encoded, organisms seem to accumulate and take advantage of inorganic nanoparticles to sense or react to magnetic fields. Using a synthetic biology-inspired approach we have genetically programmed mammalian cells to show superparamagnetic behavior. The combination of ectopic production of the human ferritin heavy chain 1 (hFTH1), engineering the cells for expression of an iron importer, the divalent metal ion transferase 1 (DMT1) and the design of an iron-loading culture medium to maximize cellular iron uptake enabled efficient iron mineralization in intracellular ferritin particles and conferred superparamagnetic behavior to the entire cell. When captured by a magnetic field the superparamagnetic cells reached attraction velocities of up to 30 μm/s and could be efficiently separated from complex cell mixtures using standard magnetic cell separation equipment. Technology that enables magnetic separation of genetically programmed superparamagnetic cells in the absence of inorganic particles could foster novel opportunities in diagnostics and cell-based therapies.
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10
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Bhattacharya D, Panda A, Shil S, Goswami T, Misra A. A theoretical study on photomagnetic fluorescent protein chromophore coupled diradicals and their possible applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6905-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Kilgus C, Heidsieck A, Ottersbach A, Roell W, Trueck C, Fleischmann BK, Gleich B, Sasse P. Local gene targeting and cell positioning using magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic tips: comparison of mathematical simulations with experiments. Pharm Res 2011; 29:1380-91. [PMID: 22207208 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnets can be used to enhance gene transfer or cell attachment but gene or cell delivery to confined areas has not been addressed. We therefore searched for an optimal method to simulate and perform local gene targeting and cell delivery in vitro. METHODS Localized gene transfer or cell positioning was achieved using permanent magnets with newly designed soft iron tips and MNP/lentivirus complexes or MNP-loaded cells, respectively. Their distribution was simulated with a mathematical model calculating magnetic flux density gradients and particle trajectories. RESULTS Soft iron tips generated strong confined magnetic fields and could be reliably used for local (~500 μm diameter) gene targeting and positioning of bone marrow cells or cardiomyocytes. The calculated distribution of MNP/lentivirus complexes and MNP-loaded cells concurred very well with the experimental results of local gene expression and cell attachment, respectively. CONCLUSION MNP-based gene targeting and cell positioning can be reliably performed in vitro using magnetic soft iron tips, and computer simulations are effective methods to predict and optimize experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Kilgus
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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12
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Delyagina E, Li W, Ma N, Steinhoff G. Magnetic targeting strategies in gene delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1593-604. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery is a process of the insertion of transgenes into cells with the purpose to obtain the expression of encoded protein. The therapeutic application of this process is termed gene therapy, which is becoming a promising instrument to treat genetic and acquired diseases. Although numerous methods of gene transfer have already been developed, including biological, physical and chemical approaches, the optimal strategy has to be discovered. Importantly, it should be effective, selective and safe to be translated to the clinic. Magnetic targeting has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to decrease side effects of gene transfer, while increasing the selectivity and efficiency of the applied vector. This article will focus on the latest progress in the development of different magnetic vectors, based on both viral and nonviral gene delivery agents. It will also include a description of magnetic targeting applications in stem cells and in vivo, which has gained interest in recent years due to the rapid development of technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenya Delyagina
- Reference & Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wenzhong Li
- Reference & Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Reference & Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Herrmann IK, Urner M, Hasler M, Roth-Z’Graggen B, Aemisegger C, Baulig W, Athanassiou EK, Regenass S, Stark WJ, Beck-Schimmer B. Iron core/shell nanoparticles as magnetic drug carriers: possible interactions with the vascular compartment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1199-213. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Nanomagnets with metal cores have recently been shown to be promising candidates for magnetic drug delivery due to higher magnetic moments compared with commonly used metal oxides. Successful application strongly relies on a safe implementation that goes along with detailed knowledge of interactions and effects that nanomagnets might impart once entering the body. Materials & Methods: In this work, we put a particular focus on the interactions of ultra-strong metal nanomagnets (≥ three-times higher in magnetization compared with oxide nanoparticles) within the vascular compartment. Individual aspects of possible effects are addressed, including interactions with the coagulation cascade, the complement system, phagocytes and toxic or inflammatory reactions both by blood and endothelial cells in response to nanomagnet exposure. Results: We show that carbon-coated metal nanomagnets are well-tolerated by cells of the vascular compartment and have only minor effects on blood coagulation. Conclusion: These findings provide the fundament to initiate successful first in vivo evaluations opening metal nanomagnets with improved magnetic properties to fascinating applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge K Herrmann
- Institute for Chemical & Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Urner
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Hof E 111, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Hasler
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Hof E 111, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Roth-Z’Graggen
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Hof E 111, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Werner Baulig
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Hof E 111, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evagelos K Athanassiou
- Institute for Chemical & Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Regenass
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinics for Immunology, Diagnostics AKI, Häldeliweg 4, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Beatrice Beck-Schimmer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Hof E 111, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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HERRANZ FERNANDO, ALMARZA ELENA, RODRÍGUEZ IGNACIO, SALINAS BEATRIZ, ROSELL YAMILKA, DESCO MANUEL, BULTE JEFFW, RUIZ-CABELLO JESÚS. The application of nanoparticles in gene therapy and magnetic resonance imaging. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:577-91. [PMID: 21484943 PMCID: PMC3422774 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nanoparticles, gene therapy, and medical imaging has given rise to a new field known as gene theranostics, in which a nanobioconjugate is used to diagnose and treat the disease. The process generally involves binding between a vector carrying the genetic information and a nanoparticle, which provides the signal for imaging. The synthesis of this probe generates a synergic effect, enhancing the efficiency of gene transduction and imaging contrast. We discuss the latest approaches in the synthesis of nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging, gene therapy strategies, and their conjugation and in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- FERNANDO HERRANZ
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañ ón,” Madrid, Spain
| | - ELENA ALMARZA
- División de Hematopoyesis y Terapia Génica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), y Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - IGNACIO RODRÍGUEZ
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - BEATRIZ SALINAS
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañ ón,” Madrid, Spain
| | - YAMILKA ROSELL
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - MANUEL DESCO
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañ ón,” Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - JEFF W. BULTE
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - JESÚS RUIZ-CABELLO
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Aleksandrova GP, Grishchenko LA, Bogomyakov AS, Sukhov BG, Ovcharenko VI, Trofimov BA. Magnetic activity of nanostructured biopolymeric nanomagnets. Russ Chem Bull 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-010-0394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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17
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Stark WJ. Nanoparticles in Biological Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1242-58. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Bhattacharya D, Shil S, Misra A. Photoresponsive magnetization reversal in green fluorescent protein chromophore based diradicals. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Orlando C, Castellani S, Mykhaylyk O, Copreni E, Zelphati O, Plank C, Conese M. Magnetically guided lentiviral-mediated transduction of airway epithelial cells. J Gene Med 2010; 12:747-54. [PMID: 20821745 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentiviral (LV) vectors are able to only slowly and inefficiently transduce nondividing cells such as those of the airway epithelium. To address this issue, we have exploited the magnetofection technique in in vitro models of airway epithelium. METHODS Magnetofectins were formed by noncovalent interaction between LV particles and polycation-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Efficiency of LV-mediated transduction (as evaluated through green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression by cytofluorimetric analysis) was measured in bronchial epithelial cells in the presence or absence of a magnetic field. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release; cell monolayer integrity by measurement of transepithelial resistance (TER) and evaluation of correct zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) localization at tight junctions (TJs) by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. RESULTS In nonpolarized cells, magnetofectins enhanced LV-mediated transduction at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 50 up to 3.9-fold upon a 24-h incubation, to levels that approached those achieved at MOI of 200 for LV alone, in the presence or absence of the magnetic field. Magnetofection significantly increased the percentage of transduced cells up to 186-fold already after 15 min of incubation. In polarized cells, magnetofection increased GFP+ cells up to 24-fold compared to LV alone. Magnetofection did not enhance LDH release and slightly altered TER but not ZO-1 localization at the TJs. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that magnetofection can facilitate in vitro LV-mediated transduction of airway epithelial cells, in the absence of overt cytotoxicity and maintaining epithelial integrity, by lowering the necessary vector dose and reducing the incubation time required to achieve efficient transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Orlando
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, HS Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Herrmann IK, Grass RN, Stark WJ. High-strength metal nanomagnets for diagnostics and medicine: carbon shells allow long-term stability and reliable linker chemistry. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 4:787-98. [PMID: 19839814 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly growing applications of nanomagnets in magnetic drug delivery and separation in clinical diagnostics require strong and reliable magnetic vehicles. Strength conveys rapid processing, high delivery/targeting yield and rapid results when used in clinics. Reliability enables recycling of nanomagnets, regulatory-conforming drug formulations and efficient use of (expensive) antibodies in diagnostics, combined with reduced leaching (reagent loss). The present work illustrates how metal-based nanomagnets provide a two-three-times stronger magnetic particle than conventional magnetite-based materials. Ligands, antibodies or drugs can be anchored to such carbon/metal core/shell nanomagnets over covalent, hydrolysis-resistant carbon-carbon bonds. This linker chemistry resists strong acids, sterilization and prolonged storage or aggressive treatment. As dispersions, functional nanomagnets rapidly scan liquids/tissue by Brownian diffusion, capture/deliver/react at a target and are efficiently recollected after use. Metal iron-based, carbon-coated nanomagnets consist of particularly well-accepted materials and now open stable nanomagnets to a broad range of fascinating separation problems in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge K Herrmann
- Institute for Chemical & Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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