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Carvia-Hermoso C, Cuéllar V, Bernabéu-Roda LM, van Dillewijn P, Soto MJ. Sinorhizobium meliloti GR4 Produces Chromosomal- and pSymA-Encoded Type IVc Pili That Influence the Interaction with Alfalfa Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:628. [PMID: 38475474 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Type IVc Pili (T4cP), also known as Tad or Flp pili, are long thin microbial filaments that are made up of small-sized pilins. These appendages serve different functions in bacteria, including attachment, biofilm formation, surface sensing, motility, and host colonization. Despite their relevant role in diverse microbial lifestyles, knowledge about T4cP in bacteria that establish symbiosis with legumes, collectively referred to as rhizobia, is still limited. Sinorhizobium meliloti contains two clusters of T4cP-related genes: flp-1 and flp-2, which are located on the chromosome and the pSymA megaplasmid, respectively. Bundle-forming pili associated with flp-1 are involved in the competitive nodulation of alfalfa plants, but the role of flp-2 remains elusive. In this work, we have performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of T4cP genes in the highly competitive S. meliloti GR4 strain and investigated the role of its flp clusters in pilus biogenesis, motility, and in the interaction with alfalfa. Single and double flp-cluster mutants were constructed on the wild-type genetic background as well as in a flagellaless derivative strain. Our data demonstrate that both chromosomal and pSymA flp clusters are functional in pili biogenesis and contribute to surface translocation and nodule formation efficiency in GR4. In this strain, the presence of flp-1 in the absence of flp-2 reduces the competitiveness for nodule occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carvia-Hermoso
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Cuéllar
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Lydia M Bernabéu-Roda
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Pieter van Dillewijn
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María J Soto
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Flagellotropic Bacteriophages: Opportunities and Challenges for Antimicrobial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137084. [PMID: 35806089 PMCID: PMC9266447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere. As viruses that solely infect bacteria, phages have myriad healthcare and agricultural applications including phage therapy and antibacterial treatments in the foodservice industry. Phage therapy has been explored since the turn of the twentieth century but was no longer prioritized following the invention of antibiotics. As we approach a post-antibiotic society, phage therapy research has experienced a significant resurgence for the use of phages against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, a growing concern in modern medicine. Phages are extraordinarily diverse, as are their host receptor targets. Flagellotropic (flagellum-dependent) phages begin their infection cycle by attaching to the flagellum of their motile host, although the later stages of the infection process of most of these phages remain elusive. Flagella are helical appendages required for swimming and swarming motility and are also of great importance for virulence in many pathogenic bacteria of clinical relevance. Not only is bacterial motility itself frequently important for virulence, as it allows pathogenic bacteria to move toward their host and find nutrients more effectively, but flagella can also serve additional functions including mediating bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Flagella are also a potent antigen recognized by the human immune system. Phages utilizing the flagellum for infections are of particular interest due to the unique evolutionary tradeoff they force upon their hosts: by downregulating or abolishing motility to escape infection by a flagellotropic phage, a pathogenic bacterium would also likely attenuate its virulence. This factor may lead to flagellotropic phages becoming especially potent antibacterial agents. This review outlines past, present, and future research of flagellotropic phages, including their molecular mechanisms of infection and potential future applications.
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Blifernez-Klassen O, Klassen V, Wibberg D, Cebeci E, Henke C, Rückert C, Chaudhari S, Rupp O, Blom J, Winkler A, Al-Dilaimi A, Goesmann A, Sczyrba A, Kalinowski J, Bräutigam A, Kruse O. Phytoplankton consortia as a blueprint for mutually beneficial eukaryote-bacteria ecosystems based on the biocoenosis of Botryococcus consortia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1726. [PMID: 33462312 PMCID: PMC7813871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria occupy all major ecosystems and maintain an intensive relationship to the eukaryotes, developing together into complex biomes (i.e., phycosphere and rhizosphere). Interactions between eukaryotes and bacteria range from cooperative to competitive, with the associated microorganisms affecting their host`s development, growth and health. Since the advent of non-culture dependent analytical techniques such as metagenome sequencing, consortia have been described at the phylogenetic level but rarely functionally. Multifaceted analysis of the microbial consortium of the ancient phytoplankton Botryococcus as an attractive model food web revealed that its all abundant bacterial members belong to a niche of biotin auxotrophs, essentially depending on the microalga. In addition, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria without vitamin auxotrophies seem adversely to affect the algal cell morphology. Synthetic rearrangement of a minimal community consisting of an alga, a mutualistic and a parasitic bacteria underpins the model of a eukaryote that maintains its own mutualistic microbial community to control its surrounding biosphere. This model of coexistence, potentially useful for defense against invaders by a eukaryotic host could represent ecologically relevant interactions that cross species boundaries. Metabolic and system reconstruction is an opportunity to unravel the relationships within the consortia and provide a blueprint for the construction of mutually beneficial synthetic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Blifernez-Klassen
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany ,grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Viktor Klassen
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany ,grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Enis Cebeci
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Henke
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany ,grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Computational Metagenomics, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Rückert
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Swapnil Chaudhari
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany ,grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Oliver Rupp
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Arwa Al-Dilaimi
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Alexander Sczyrba
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany ,grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Computational Metagenomics, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany ,grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Computational Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Olaf Kruse
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany ,grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Aroney STN, Poole PS, Sánchez-Cañizares C. Rhizobial Chemotaxis and Motility Systems at Work in the Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:725338. [PMID: 34512702 PMCID: PMC8429497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.725338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria navigate their way often as individual cells through their chemical and biological environment in aqueous medium or across solid surfaces. They swim when starved or in response to physical and chemical stimuli. Flagella-driven chemotaxis in bacteria has emerged as a paradigm for both signal transduction and cellular decision-making. By altering motility, bacteria swim toward nutrient-rich environments, movement modulated by their chemotaxis systems with the addition of pili for surface movement. The numbers and types of chemoreceptors reflect the bacterial niche and lifestyle, with those adapted to complex environments having diverse metabolic capabilities, encoding far more chemoreceptors in their genomes. The Alpha-proteobacteria typify the latter case, with soil bacteria such as rhizobia, endosymbionts of legume plants, where motility and chemotaxis are essential for competitive symbiosis initiation, among other processes. This review describes the current knowledge of motility and chemotaxis in six model soil bacteria: Sinorhizobium meliloti, Agrobacterium fabacearum, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum brasilense, and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens. Although motility and chemotaxis systems have a conserved core, rhizobia possess several modifications that optimize their movements in soil and root surface environments. The soil provides a unique challenge for microbial mobility, since water pathways through particles are not always continuous, especially in drier conditions. The effectiveness of symbiont inoculants in a field context relies on their mobility and dispersal through the soil, often assisted by water percolation or macroorganism movement or networks. Thus, this review summarizes the factors that make it essential to consider and test rhizobial motility and chemotaxis for any potential inoculant.
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Youseif SH, Abd El-Megeed FH, Mohamed AH, Ageez A, Veliz E, Martínez-Romero E. Diverse Rhizobium strains isolated from root nodules of Trifolium alexandrinum in Egypt and symbiovars. Syst Appl Microbiol 2020; 44:126156. [PMID: 33232849 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2020.126156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Berseem clover (T. alexandrinum) is the main forage legume crop used as animal feed in Egypt. Here, eighty rhizobial isolates were isolated from root nodules of berseem clover grown in different regions in Egypt and were grouped by RFLP-16S rRNA ribotyping. Representative isolates were characterized using phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, glnA, pgi, and nodC genes. We also investigated the performance of these isolates using phenotypic tests and nitrogen fixation efficiency assays. The majority of strains (<90%) were closely related to Rhizobium aegyptiacum and Rhizobium aethiopicum and of the remaining strains, six belonged to the Rhizobium leguminosarum genospecies complex and only one strain was assigned to Agrobacterium fabacearum. Despite their heterogeneous chromosomal background, most of the strains shared nodC gene alleles corresponding to symbiovar trifolii. Some of the strains closely affiliated to R. aegyptiacum and R. aethiopicum had superior nodulation and nitrogen fixation capabilities in berseem clover, compared to the commercial inoculant (Okadein®) and N-added treatments. R. leguminosarum strain NGB-CR 17 that harbored a nodC allele typical of symbiovar viciae, was also able to form an effective symbiosis with clover. Two strains with nodC alleles of symbiovar trifolii, R. aegyptiacum strains NGB-CR 129 and 136, were capable of forming effective nodules in Phaseolus vulgaris in axenic greenhouse conditions. This adds the symbiovar trifolii which is well-established in the Egyptian soils to the list of symbiovars that form nodules in P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh H Youseif
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt.
| | - Fayrouz H Abd El-Megeed
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Akram H Mohamed
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Amr Ageez
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; Faculty of Biotechnology, MSA University, 6 October City, Egypt
| | - Esteban Veliz
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Life Sciences Addition, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Delamuta JRM, Scherer AJ, Ribeiro RA, Hungria M. Genetic diversity of Agrobacterium species isolated from nodules of common bean and soybean in Brazil, Mexico, Ecuador and Mozambique, and description of the new species Agrobacterium fabacearum sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4233-4244. [PMID: 32568030 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium strains are associated with soil, plants and animals, and known mainly by their pathogenicity. We studied 14 strains isolated from nodules of healthy soybean and common bean plants in Brazil, Mexico, Ecuador and Mozambique. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene positioned the strains as Agrobacterium, but with low phylogenetic resolution. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of three partial housekeeping genes (glnII, gyrB and recA) positioned the strains in four distinct clades, with Agrobacterium pusense, Agrobacterium deltaense, Agrobacterium radiobacter and Agrobacterium sp. genomospecies G1. Analysis by BOX-PCR revealed high intraspecies diversity. Genomic analysis of representative strains of the three clades indicated that they carry the protelomerase telA gene, and MLSA analysis with six complete housekeeping genes (atpD, glnII, gyrB, recA, rpoB and thrC), as well as average nucleotide identity (less than 90 % with closest species) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (less than 41 % with closest species) revealed that strain CNPSo 675T and Agrobacterium sp. genomospecies G1 compose a new species. Other phenotypic and genotypic characteristics were determined for the new clade. Although not able to re-nodulate the host, we hypothesize that several strains of Agrobacterium are endophytes in legume nodules, where they might contribute to plant growth. Our data support the description of the CNPSo 675T and Agrobacterium sp. genomospecies G1 strains as a new species, for which the name Agrobacterium fabacearum is proposed. The type strain is CNPSo 675T (=UMR 1457T=LMG 31642T) and is also deposited in other culture collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakeline Renata Marçon Delamuta
- CNPq, SHIS QI 1 Conjunto B, Blocos A, B, C and D, Lago Sul, 71605-001, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anderson José Scherer
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renan Augusto Ribeiro
- CNPq, SHIS QI 1 Conjunto B, Blocos A, B, C and D, Lago Sul, 71605-001, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Hungria
- Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- CNPq, SHIS QI 1 Conjunto B, Blocos A, B, C and D, Lago Sul, 71605-001, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C.P. 10011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Jacoby RP, Succurro A, Kopriva S. Nitrogen Substrate Utilization in Three Rhizosphere Bacterial Strains Investigated Using Proteomics. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:784. [PMID: 32411116 PMCID: PMC7198800 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen metabolism in the rhizosphere microbiome plays an important role in mediating plant nutrition, particularly under low inputs of mineral fertilizers. However, there is relatively little mechanistic information about which genes and metabolic pathways are induced by rhizosphere bacterial strains to utilize diverse nitrogen substrates. Here we investigate nitrogen substrate utilization in three taxonomically diverse bacterial strains previously isolated from Arabidopsis roots. The three strains represent taxa that are consistently detected as core members of the plant microbiome: Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Rhizobium. We use phenotype microarrays to determine the nitrogen substrate preferences of these strains, and compare the experimental results vs. computational simulations of genome-scale metabolic network models obtained with EnsembleFBA. Results show that all three strains exhibit generalistic nitrogen substrate preferences, with substrate utilization being well predicted by EnsembleFBA. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, we document hundreds of proteins in each strain that exhibit differential abundance values following cultivation on five different nitrogen sources: ammonium, glutamate, lysine, serine, and urea. The proteomic response to these nitrogen sources was strongly strain-dependent, with lysine nutrition eliciting widespread protein-level changes in Pseudomonas sp. Root9, whereas Rhizobium sp. Root491 showed relatively stable proteome composition across different nitrogen sources. Our results give new protein-level information about the specific transporters and enzymes induced by diverse rhizosphere bacterial strains to utilize organic nitrogen substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Jacoby
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
Prokaryotes commonly undergo genome reduction, particularly in the case of symbiotic bacteria. Genome reductions tend toward the energetically favorable removal of unnecessary, redundant, or nonfunctional genes. However, without mechanisms to compensate for these losses, deleterious mutation and genetic drift might otherwise overwhelm a population. Among the mechanisms employed to counter gene loss and share evolutionary success within a population, gene transfer agents (GTAs) are increasingly becoming recognized as important contributors. Although viral in origin, GTA particles package fragments of their "host" genome for distribution within a population of cells, often in a synchronized manner, rather than selfishly packaging genes necessary for their spread. Microbes as diverse as archaea and alpha-proteobacteria have been known to produce GTA particles, which are capable of transferring selective advantages such as virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. In this review, we discuss the various types of GTAs identified thus far, focusing on a defined set of symbiotic alpha-proteobacteria known to carry them. Drawing attention to the predicted presence of these genes, we discuss their potential within the selective marine and terrestrial environments occupied by mutualistic, parasitic, and endosymbiotic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Christensen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura R Serbus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA. .,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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Genome Analyses and Genome-Centered Metatranscriptomics of Methanothermobacter wolfeii Strain SIV6, Isolated from a Thermophilic Production-Scale Biogas Fermenter. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010013. [PMID: 31861790 PMCID: PMC7022856 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the thermophilic biogas-producing microbial community, the genus Methanothermobacter was previously described to be frequently abundant. The aim of this study was to establish and analyze the genome sequence of the archaeal strain Methanothermobacter wolfeii SIV6 originating from a thermophilic industrial-scale biogas fermenter and compare it to related reference genomes. The circular chromosome has a size of 1,686,891 bases, featuring a GC content of 48.89%. Comparative analyses considering three completely sequenced Methanothermobacter strains revealed a core genome of 1494 coding sequences and 16 strain specific genes for M. wolfeii SIV6, which include glycosyltransferases and CRISPR/cas associated genes. Moreover, M. wolfeii SIV6 harbors all genes for the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway and genome-centered metatranscriptomics indicates the high metabolic activity of this strain, with 25.18% of all transcripts per million (TPM) belong to the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway and 18.02% of these TPM exclusively belonging to the mcr operon. This operon encodes the different subunits of the enzyme methyl-coenzyme M reductase (EC: 2.8.4.1), which catalyzes the final and rate-limiting step during methanogenesis. Finally, fragment recruitment of metagenomic reads from the thermophilic biogas fermenter on the SIV6 genome showed that the strain is abundant (1.2%) within the indigenous microbial community. Detailed analysis of the archaeal isolate M. wolfeii SIV6 indicates its role and function within the microbial community of the thermophilic biogas fermenter, towards a better understanding of the biogas production process and a microbial-based management of this complex process.
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Wu CF, Santos MNM, Cho ST, Chang HH, Tsai YM, Smith DA, Kuo CH, Chang JH, Lai EM. Plant-Pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strains Have Diverse Type VI Effector-Immunity Pairs and Vary in In-Planta Competitiveness. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:961-971. [PMID: 30830835 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-19-0021-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is used by gram-negative bacteria to translocate effectors that can antagonize other bacterial cells. Models predict the variation in collections of effector and cognate immunity genes determine competitiveness and can affect the dynamics of populations and communities of bacteria. However, the outcomes of competition cannot be entirely explained by compatibility of effector-immunity (EI) pairs. Here, we characterized the diversity of T6SS loci of plant-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens and showed that factors other than EI pairs can impact interbacterial competition. All examined strains encode T6SS active in secretion and antagonism against Escherichia coli. The spectra of EI pairs as well as compositions of gene neighborhoods are diverse. Almost 30 in-planta competitions were tested between different genotypes of A. tumefaciens. Fifteen competitions between members of different species-level groups resulted in T6SS-dependent suppression in in-planta growth of prey genotypes. In contrast, ten competitions between members within species-level groups resulted in no significant effect on the growth of prey genotypes. One strain was an exceptional case and, despite encoding a functional T6SS and toxic effector protein, could not compromise the growth of the four tested prey genotypes. The data suggest T6SS-associated EI pairs can influence the competitiveness of strains of A. tumefaciens, but genetic features have a significant role on the efficacy of interbacterial antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Wu
- 1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- 2Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A
| | - Mary Nia M Santos
- 1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Cho
- 1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hua Chang
- 1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Tsai
- 1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Delaney A Smith
- 2Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- 1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jeff H Chang
- 2Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A
- 3Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University
| | - Erh-Min Lai
- 1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Haryono M, Cho ST, Fang MJ, Chen AP, Chou SJ, Lai EM, Kuo CH. Differentiations in Gene Content and Expression Response to Virulence Induction Between Two Agrobacterium Strains. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1554. [PMID: 31354658 PMCID: PMC6629968 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is important in biotechnology due to its ability to transform eukaryotic cells. Although the molecular mechanisms have been studied extensively, previous studies were focused on the model strain C58. Consequently, nearly all of the commonly used strains for biotechnology application were derived from C58 and share similar host ranges. To overcome this limitation, better understanding of the natural genetic variation could provide valuable insights. In this study, we conducted comparative analysis between C58 and 1D1609. These two strains belong to different genomospecies within the species complex and have distinct infectivity profiles. Genome comparisons revealed that each strain has >1,000 unique genes in addition to the 4,115 shared genes. Furthermore, the divergence in gene content and sequences vary among replicons. The circular chromosome is much more conserved compared to the linear chromosome. To identify the genes that may contribute to their differentiation in virulence, we compared the transcriptomes to screen for genes differentially expressed in response to the inducer acetosyringone. Based on the RNA-Seq results with three biological replicates, ∼100 differentially expressed genes were identified in each strain. Intriguingly, homologous genes with the same expression pattern account for <50% of these differentially expressed genes. This finding indicated that phenotypic variation may be partially explained by divergence in expression regulation. In summary, this study characterized the genomic and transcriptomic differences between two representative Agrobacterium strains. Moreover, the short list of differentially expressed genes are promising candidates for future characterization, which could improve our understanding of the genetic mechanisms for phenotypic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindia Haryono
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Cho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jane Fang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ping Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chou
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Erh-Min Lai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Gan HM, Lee MVL, Savka MA. Improved genome of Agrobacterium radiobacter type strain provides new taxonomic insight into Agrobacterium genomospecies 4. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6366. [PMID: 30775173 PMCID: PMC6369824 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reported Agrobacterium radiobacter DSM 30174T genome is highly fragmented, hindering robust comparative genomics and genome-based taxonomic analysis. We re-sequenced the Agrobacterium radiobacter type strain, generating a dramatically improved genome with high contiguity. In addition, we sequenced the genome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens B6T, enabling for the first time, a proper comparative genomics of these contentious Agrobacterium species. We provide concrete evidence that the previously reported Agrobacterium radiobacter type strain genome (Accession Number: ASXY01) is contaminated which explains its abnormally large genome size and fragmented assembly. We propose that Agrobacterium tumefaciens be reclassified as Agrobacterium radiobacter subsp. tumefaciens and that Agrobacterium radiobacter retains it species status with the proposed name of Agrobacterium radiobacter subsp. radiobacter. This proposal is based, first on the high pairwise genome-scale average nucleotide identity supporting the amalgamation of both Agrobacterium radiobacter and Agrobacterium tumefaciens into a single species. Second, maximum likelihood tree construction based on the concatenated alignment of shared genes (core genes) among related strains indicates that Agrobacterium radiobacter NCPPB3001 is sufficiently divergent from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to propose two independent sub-clades. Third, Agrobacterium tumefaciens demonstrates the genomic potential to synthesize the L configuration of fucose in its lipid polysaccharide, fostering its ability to colonize plant cells more effectively than Agrobacterium radiobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ming Gan
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Melvin V L Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Michael A Savka
- College of Science, The Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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13
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Haryono M, Tsai YM, Lin CT, Huang FC, Ye YC, Deng WL, Hwang HH, Kuo CH. Presence of an Agrobacterium-Type Tumor-Inducing Plasmid in Neorhizobium sp. NCHU2750 and the Link to Phytopathogenicity. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:3188-3195. [PMID: 30398651 PMCID: PMC6286910 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Agrobacterium contains a group of plant-pathogenic bacteria that have been developed into an important tool for genetic transformation of eukaryotes. To further improve this biotechnology application, a better understanding of the natural genetic variation is critical. During the process of isolation and characterization of wild-type strains, we found a novel strain (i.e., NCHU2750) that resembles Agrobacterium phenotypically but exhibits high sequence divergence in several marker genes. For more comprehensive characterization of this strain, we determined its complete genome sequence for comparative analysis and performed pathogenicity assays on plants. The results demonstrated that this strain is closely related to Neorhizobium in chromosomal organization, gene content, and molecular phylogeny. However, unlike the characterized species within Neorhizobium, which all form root nodules with legume hosts and are potentially nitrogen-fixing mutualists, NCHU2750 is a gall-forming pathogen capable of infecting plant hosts across multiple families. Intriguingly, this pathogenicity phenotype could be attributed to the presence of an Agrobacterium-type tumor-inducing plasmid in the genome of NCHU2750. These findings suggest that these different lineages within the family Rhizobiaceae are capable of transitioning between ecological niches by having novel combinations of replicons. In summary, this work expanded the genomic resources available within Rhizobiaceae and provided a strong foundation for future studies of this novel lineage. With an infectivity profile that is different from several representative Agrobacterium strains, this strain may be useful for comparative analysis to better investigate the genetic determinants of host range among these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindia Haryono
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Tsai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ting Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chen Ye
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Deng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Hsuan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Raja I, Kumar V, Sabapathy H, Kumariah M, Rajendran K, Tennyson J. Prediction and identification of novel sRNAs involved in Agrobacterium strains by integrated genome-wide and transcriptome-based methods. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5127044. [PMID: 30307512 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are a class of gene regulators in bacteria, playing a central role in their response to environmental changes. Bioinformatic prediction facilitates the identification of sRNAs expressed under different conditions. We propose a novel method of prediction of sRNAs from the genome of Agrobacterium based on a positional weight matrix of conditional sigma factors. sRNAs predicted from the genome are integrated with the virulence-specific transcriptome data to identify putative sRNAs that are overexpressed during Agrobacterial virulence induction. A total of 384 sRNAs are predicted from transcriptome data analysis of Agrobacterium fabrum and 100-500 sRNAs from the genome of different Agrobacterial strains. In order to refine our study, a final set of 10 novel sRNAs with best features across different replicons targeting virulence genes were experimentally identified using semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Since Ti plasmid plays a major role in virulence, out of 10 sRNAs across the replicons, 4 novel sRNAs differentially expressed under virulence induced and non-induced conditions are predicted to be present in the Ti plasmid T-DNA region flanking virulence-related genes like agrocinopine synthase, indole 3-lactate synthase, mannopine synthase and tryptophan monooxygenase. Further validation of the function of these sRNAs in conferring virulence would be relevant to explore their role in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilamathi Raja
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune-411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hariharan Sabapathy
- DBT-IPLS Program, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manoharan Kumariah
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasthuri Rajendran
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jebasingh Tennyson
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Lassalle F, Planel R, Penel S, Chapulliot D, Barbe V, Dubost A, Calteau A, Vallenet D, Mornico D, Bigot T, Guéguen L, Vial L, Muller D, Daubin V, Nesme X. Ancestral Genome Estimation Reveals the History of Ecological Diversification in Agrobacterium. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 9:3413-3431. [PMID: 29220487 PMCID: PMC5739047 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered as a major source of innovation in bacteria, and as such is expected to drive adaptation to new ecological niches. However, among the many genes acquired through HGT along the diversification history of genomes, only a fraction may have actively contributed to sustained ecological adaptation. We used a phylogenetic approach accounting for the transfer of genes (or groups of genes) to estimate the history of genomes in Agrobacterium biovar 1, a diverse group of soil and plant-dwelling bacterial species. We identified clade-specific blocks of cotransferred genes encoding coherent biochemical pathways that may have contributed to the evolutionary success of key Agrobacterium clades. This pattern of gene coevolution rejects a neutral model of transfer, in which neighboring genes would be transferred independently of their function and rather suggests purifying selection on collectively coded acquired pathways. The acquisition of these synapomorphic blocks of cofunctioning genes probably drove the ecological diversification of Agrobacterium and defined features of ancestral ecological niches, which consistently hint at a strong selective role of host plant rhizospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Lassalle
- Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.,Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Planel
- Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Simon Penel
- Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Chapulliot
- Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Valérie Barbe
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Biologie Francois-Jacob (IBFJ), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | - Audrey Dubost
- Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandra Calteau
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Biologie Francois-Jacob (IBFJ), Genoscope, Evry, France.,Laboratoire d'Analyse Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, CNRS, UMR 8030, Evry, France.,UEVE, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, France
| | - David Vallenet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Biologie Francois-Jacob (IBFJ), Genoscope, Evry, France.,Laboratoire d'Analyse Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, CNRS, UMR 8030, Evry, France.,UEVE, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, France
| | - Damien Mornico
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Biologie Francois-Jacob (IBFJ), Genoscope, Evry, France.,Laboratoire d'Analyse Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, CNRS, UMR 8030, Evry, France.,UEVE, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, France
| | - Thomas Bigot
- Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Guéguen
- Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ludovic Vial
- Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Daniel Muller
- Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Daubin
- Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xavier Nesme
- Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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16
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Pathogenicity, Phylogenetic relationship and NGS based identification and assembly of tumorigenic Agrobacterium radiabacter plasmidic and chromosomic reads isolated from Prunus duclcis. Genomics 2018; 111:1423-1430. [PMID: 30287402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although many Agrobacterium radiobacter strains have already been identified, only a few genomes of strains belonging to genomovar G4 have been sequenced so far. In this study, we report the first virulent genome sequence of Agrobacterium radiobacter strain tun 183, which is highly virulent to almond specie. The genome size was estimated to be 5.53 Mb, with 57.9%GC content. In total, 6486 genes encoding proteins and 61 genes encoding RNAs were identified in this genome. Comparisons with the available sequenced genomes of genomovar G4 as well as with other A. sp. were conducted, revealing a hexapartite genome containing circular and linear chromosomes in addition to two accessory plasmids and a tumor inducing plasmid (pTi) in strain tun 183. The phylogenetic analysis of recA gene clearly showed the clustering of tun 183 strain within genomovar G4, supporting the monophyly within this genomovar.
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17
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More than Rotating Flagella: Lipopolysaccharide as a Secondary Receptor for Flagellotropic Phage 7-7-1. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00363-18. [PMID: 30012730 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00363-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage 7-7-1, a member of the family Myoviridae, infects the soil bacterium Agrobacterium sp. strain H13-3. Infection requires attachment to actively rotating bacterial flagellar filaments, with flagellar number, length, and rotation speed being important determinants for infection efficiency. To identify the secondary receptor(s) on the cell surface, we isolated motile, phage-resistant Agrobacterium sp. H13-3 transposon mutants. Transposon insertion sites were pinpointed using arbitrary primed PCR and bioinformatics analyses. Three genes were recognized, whose corresponding proteins had the following computationally predicted functions: AGROH133_07337, a glycosyltransferase; AGROH133_13050, a UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; and AGROH133_08824, an integral cytoplasmic membrane protein. The first two gene products are part of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis pathway, while the last is predicted to be a relatively small (13.4-kDa) cytosolic membrane protein with up to four transmembrane helices. The phenotypes of the transposon mutants were verified by complementation and site-directed mutagenesis. Additional characterization of motile, phage-resistant mutants is also described. Given these findings, we propose a model for Agrobacterium sp. H13-3 infection by bacteriophage 7-7-1 where the phage initially attaches to the flagellar filament and is propelled down toward the cell surface by clockwise flagellar rotation. The phage then attaches to and degrades the LPS to reach the outer membrane and ejects its DNA into the host using its syringe-like contractile tail. We hypothesize that the integral membrane protein plays an important role in events following viral DNA ejection or in LPS processing and/or deployment. The proposed two-step attachment mechanism may be conserved among other flagellotropic phages infecting Gram-negative bacteria.IMPORTANCE Flagellotropic bacteriophages belong to the tailed-phage order Caudovirales, the most abundant phages in the virome. While it is known that these viruses adhere to the bacterial flagellum and use flagellar rotation to reach the cell surface, their infection mechanisms are poorly understood. Characterizing flagellotropic-phage-host interactions is crucial to understanding how microbial communities are shaped. Using a transposon mutagenesis approach combined with a screen for motile, phage-resistant mutants, we identified lipopolysaccharides as the secondary cell surface receptor for phage 7-7-1. This is the first cell surface receptor identified for flagellotropic phages. One hypothetical membrane protein was also recognized as essential for infection. These new findings, together with previous results, culminated in an infection model for phage 7-7-1.
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18
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Complete Genome Sequencing of Acinetobacter baumannii Strain K50 Discloses the Large Conjugative Plasmid pK50a Encoding Carbapenemase OXA-23 and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase GES-11. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00212-18. [PMID: 29463529 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00212-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii strains appeared as serious emerging nosocomial pathogens in clinical environments and especially in intensive care units (ICUs). A. baumannii strain K50, recovered from a hospitalized patient in Kuwait, exhibited resistance to carbapenems and additionally to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, amikacin, and gentamicin. Genome sequencing revealed that the strain possesses two plasmids, pK50a (79.6 kb) and pK50b (9.5 kb), and a 3.75-Mb chromosome. A. baumannii K50 exhibits an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 99.98% to the previously reported Iraqi clinical isolate AA-014, even though the latter strain lacked plasmid pK50a. Strain K50 belongs to sequence type 158 (ST158) (Pasteur scheme) and ST499 (Oxford scheme). Plasmid pK50a is a member of the Aci6 (replication group 6 [RG6]) group of Acinetobacter plasmids and carries a conjugative transfer module and two antibiotic resistance gene regions. The transposon Tn2008 carries the carbapenemase gene blaOXA-23, whereas a class 1 integron harbors the resistance genes blaGES-11, aacA4, dfrA7, qacEΔ1, and sul1, conferring resistance to all β-lactams and reduced susceptibility to carbapenems and resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, quaternary ammonium compounds, and sulfamethoxazole, respectively. The class 1 integron is flanked by MITEs (miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements) delimiting the element at its insertion site.
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19
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Stępkowski T, Banasiewicz J, Granada CE, Andrews M, Passaglia LMP. Phylogeny and Phylogeography of Rhizobial Symbionts Nodulating Legumes of the Tribe Genisteae. Genes (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29538303 PMCID: PMC5867884 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The legume tribe Genisteae comprises 618, predominantly temperate species, showing an amphi-Atlantic distribution that was caused by several long-distance dispersal events. Seven out of the 16 authenticated rhizobial genera can nodulate particular Genisteae species. Bradyrhizobium predominates among rhizobia nodulating Genisteae legumes. Bradyrhizobium strains that infect Genisteae species belong to both the Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium elkanii superclades. In symbiotic gene phylogenies, Genisteae bradyrhizobia are scattered among several distinct clades, comprising strains that originate from phylogenetically distant legumes. This indicates that the capacity for nodulation of Genisteae spp. has evolved independently in various symbiotic gene clades, and that it has not been a long-multi-step process. The exception is Bradyrhizobium Clade II, which unlike other clades comprises strains that are specialized in nodulation of Genisteae, but also Loteae spp. Presumably, Clade II represents an example of long-lasting co-evolution of bradyrhizobial symbionts with their legume hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Stępkowski
- Autonomous Department of Microbial Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Banasiewicz
- Autonomous Department of Microbial Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Camille E Granada
- Universidade do Vale do Taquari-UNIVATES, Rua Avelino Tallini, 171, 95900-000 Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mitchell Andrews
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Luciane M P Passaglia
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Caixa Postal 15.053, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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20
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Zirpel B, Degenhardt F, Zammarelli C, Wibberg D, Kalinowski J, Stehle F, Kayser O. Optimization of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase production in Komagataella phaffii via post-translational bottleneck identification. J Biotechnol 2018; 272-273:40-47. [PMID: 29549004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) is a secondary natural product from the plant Cannabis sativa L. with therapeutic indications like analgesics for cancer pain or reducing spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis. Here, we investigated the influence of the co-expression of 12 helper protein genes from Komagataella phaffii (formerly Pichia pastoris) on the functional expression of the Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCAS) heterologously expressed in K. phaffii by screening 21 clones of each transformation. Our findings substantiate the necessity of a suitable screening system when interfering with the secretory network of K. phaffii. We found that co-production of the chaperones CNE1p and Kar2p, the foldase PDI1p, the UPR-activator Hac1p as well as the FAD synthetase FAD1p enhanced THCAS activity levels within the K. phaffii cells. The strongest influence showed co-expression of Hac1s - increasing the volumetric THCAS activities 4.1-fold on average. We also combined co-production of Hac1p with the other beneficial helper proteins to further enhance THCAS activity levels. An optimized strain overexpressing Hac1s, FAD1 and CNE1 was isolated that showed 20-fold increased volumetric, intracellular THCAS activity compared to the starting strain. We used this strain for a whole cell bioconversion of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) to THCA. After 8 h of incubation at 37 °C, the cells produced 3.05 g L-1 THCA corresponding to 12.5% gTHCA gCDW-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Zirpel
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Friederike Degenhardt
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Chantale Zammarelli
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Felix Stehle
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Kayser
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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21
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Verwaaijen B, Wibberg D, Nelkner J, Gordin M, Rupp O, Winkler A, Bremges A, Blom J, Grosch R, Pühler A, Schlüter A. Assembly of the Lactuca sativa, L. cv. Tizian draft genome sequence reveals differences within major resistance complex 1 as compared to the cv. Salinas reference genome. J Biotechnol 2018; 267:12-18. [PMID: 29278726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) is an important annual plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae). The commercial lettuce cultivar Tizian has been used in various scientific studies investigating the interaction of the plant with phytopathogens or biological control agents. Here, we present the de novo draft genome sequencing and gene prediction for this specific cultivar derived from transcriptome sequence data. The assembled scaffolds amount to a size of 2.22 Gb. Based on RNAseq data, 31,112 transcript isoforms were identified. Functional predictions for these transcripts were determined within the GenDBE annotation platform. Comparison with the cv. Salinas reference genome revealed a high degree of sequence similarity on genome and transcriptome levels, with an average amino acid identity of 99%. Furthermore, it was observed that two large regions are either missing or are highly divergent within the cv. Tizian genome compared to cv. Salinas. One of these regions covers the major resistance complex 1 region of cv. Salinas. The cv. Tizian draft genome sequence provides a valuable resource for future functional and transcriptome analyses focused on this lettuce cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Verwaaijen
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universitätsstr. 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany; Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universitätsstr. 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johanna Nelkner
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universitätsstr. 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Miriam Gordin
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universitätsstr. 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Oliver Rupp
- Justus Liebig University, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universitätsstr. 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Bremges
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universitätsstr. 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- Justus Liebig University, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rita Grosch
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universitätsstr. 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlüter
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universitätsstr. 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Genome Sequence of the Bile Salt-Degrading Bacterium Novosphingobium sp. Strain Chol11, a Model Organism for Bacterial Steroid Catabolism. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/1/e01372-17. [PMID: 29301902 PMCID: PMC5754482 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01372-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Many bacteria from different phylogenetic groups are able to degrade eukaryotic steroid compounds, but the underlying metabolic pathways are still not well understood. Novosphingobium sp. strain Chol11 is a steroid-degrading alphaproteobacterium. Its genome sequence reveals that it lacks several genes for steroid degradation known to exist in other model organisms.
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23
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Schwarzhans JP, Luttermann T, Wibberg D, Winkler A, Hübner W, Huser T, Kalinowski J, Friehs K. A Mitochondrial Autonomously Replicating Sequence from Pichia pastoris for Uniform High Level Recombinant Protein Production. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:780. [PMID: 28512458 PMCID: PMC5411459 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is a non-conventional methylotrophic yeast that is widely used for recombinant protein production, typically by stably integrating the target gene into the genome as part of an expression cassette. However, the comparatively high clonal variability associated with this approach usually necessitates a time intense screening step in order to find strains with the desired productivity. Some of the factors causing this clonal variability can be overcome using episomal vectors containing an autonomously replicating sequence (ARS). Here, we report on the discovery, characterization, and application of a fragment of mitochondrial DNA from P. pastoris for use as an ARS. First encountered as an off-target event in an experiment aiming for genomic integration, the newly created circular plasmid named “pMito” consists of the expression cassette and a fragment of mitochondrial DNA. Multiple matches to known ARS consensus sequence motifs, but no exact match to known chromosomal ARS from P. pastoris were detected on the fragment, indicating the presence of a novel ARS element. Different variants of pMito were successfully used for transformation and their productivity characteristics were assayed. All analyzed clones displayed a highly uniform expression level, exceeding by up to fourfold that of a reference with a single copy integrated in its genome. Expressed GFP could be localized exclusively to the cytoplasm via super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, indicating that pMito is present in the nucleus. While expression levels were homogenous among pMito clones, an apparent upper limit of expression was visible that could not be explained based on the gene dosage. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the bottle-neck hindering this and other ARS vectors in P. pastoris from reaching their full capability. Lastly, we could demonstrate that the mitochondrial ARS from P. pastoris is also suitable for episomal vector transformation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, widening the potential for biotechnological application. pMito displayed strong potential to reduce clonal variability in experiments targeting recombinant protein production. These findings also showcase the as of yet largely untapped potential of mitochondrial ARS from different yeasts for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philipp Schwarzhans
- Fermentation Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany.,Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Luttermann
- Fermentation Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany.,Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, CeBiTec, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Biomolecular Photonics, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Huser
- Biomolecular Photonics, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl Friehs
- Fermentation Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
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Kushkevych I, Vítězová M, Vítěz T, Bartoš M. Production of biogas: relationship between methanogenic and sulfate-reducing microorganisms. Open Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe production of high-quality methane depends on many factors, including temperature, pH, substrate, composition and relationship of the microorganisms. The qualitative and quantitative composition of methanogenic and sulfate-reducing microorganisms and their relationship in the experimental bioreactors has never been studied. The aim of this research was to characterize, for the first time, the diversity of the methanogenic microorganisms and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and study their relationship and biogas production in experimental bioreactors. Amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragments was carried out. Purified amplicons were paired-end sequenced on an Illumina Mi-Seq platform. The dominant morphotypes of these microorganisms in the bioreactor were homologous (99%) by the sequences of 16S rRNA gene to theMethanosarcina,Thermogymnomonas,Methanoculleusgenera andArchaeondeposited in GenBank. Three dominant genera of sulfate-reducing bacteria,Desulfomicrobium,DesulfobulbusandDesulfovibrio, were detected in the bioreactor. The phylogenetic trees showing their genetic relationship were constructed. The diversity and number of the genera, production of methane, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen in the bioreactor was investigated. This research is important for understanding the relationship between methanogenic microbial populations and other bacterial physiological groups, their substrate competition and, in turn, can be helpful for controlling methanogenesis in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kushkevych
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Vítězová
- Section of Microbiology and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vítěz
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Bartoš
- Section of Microbiology and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Cicatelli A, Guarino F, Baldan E, Castiglione S. Genetic and biochemical characterization of rhizobacterial strains and their potential use in combination with chelants for assisted phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8866-8878. [PMID: 27822692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper and zinc are essential micronutrients in plants but, at high concentrations, they are toxic. Assisted phytoremediation is an emerging "green" technology that aims to improve the efficiency of tolerant species to remove metals from soils through the use of chelants or microorganisms. Rhizobacteria can promote plant growth and tolerance and also affect the mobility, bioavailability, and complexation of metals. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation effectiveness of sunflowers cultivated in a Cu- and Zn-spiked soil, in the presence or absence of bacterial consortium and/or chelants. The consortium was constituted of two Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains and one of Agrobacterium sp. These strains were previously isolated from the rhizosphere of maize plants cultivated on a metal-polluted soil and here molecularly and biochemically characterized. Results showed that the consortium improved sunflower growth and biomass production on the spiked soils. Sunflowers accumulated large amounts of metals in their roots and leaves; however, neither the bacterial consortium nor the chelants, singularly added to pots, influenced significantly Cu and Zn plant uptake. Furthermore, the consecutive soil amendment with the EDTA and bacterial consortium determined a consistent accumulation of metals in sunflowers, and it might be an alternative strategy to limit the use of EDTA and its associated environmental risks in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cicatelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Fisciano, 84084, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Guarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Fisciano, 84084, Salerno, Italy
| | - Enrico Baldan
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Fisciano, 84084, Salerno, Italy.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Donghicola sp. Strain KarMa, a Model Organism for Monomethylamine-Degrading Nonmethylotrophic Bacteria. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/7/e01623-16. [PMID: 28209825 PMCID: PMC5313617 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01623-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The C1-compound monomethylamine can serve as a nitrogen, carbon, and energy source for heterotrophic bacteria. The marine alphaproteobacterium Donghicola sp. strain KarMa can use monomethylamine as a source only for nitrogen and not for carbon. Its draft genome sequence is presented here and reveals putative gene clusters for the methylamine dehydrogenase and the N-methylglutamate pathways for monomethylamine metabolism.
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27
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Genome sequence of Methanobacterium congolense strain Buetzberg, a hydrogenotrophic, methanogenic archaeon, isolated from a mesophilic industrial-scale biogas plant utilizing bio-waste. J Biotechnol 2017; 247:1-5. [PMID: 28216101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Methanogenic Archaea are of importance at the end of the anaerobic digestion (AD) chain for biomass conversion. They finally produce methane, the end-product of AD. Among this group of microorganisms, members of the genus Methanobacterium are ubiquitously present in anaerobic habitats, such as bioreactors. The genome of a novel methanogenic archaeon, namely Methanobacterium congolense Buetzberg, originally isolated from a mesophilic biogas plant, was completely sequenced to analyze putative adaptive genome features conferring competitiveness of this isolate within the biogas reactor environment. Sequencing and assembly of the M. congolense Buetzberg genome yielded a chromosome with a size of 2,451,457bp and a mean GC-content of 38.51%. Additionally, a plasmid with a size of 18,118bp, featuring a GC content of 36.05% was identified. The M. congolense Buetzberg plasmid showed no sequence similarities with the plasmids described previously suggesting that it represents a new plasmid type. Analysis of the M. congolense Buetzberg chromosome architecture revealed a high collinearity with the Methanobacterium paludis chromosome. Furthermore, annotation of the genome and functional predictions disclosed several genes involved in cell wall and membrane biogenesis. Compilation of specific genes among Methanobacterium strains originating from AD environments revealed 474 genetic determinants that could be crucial for adaptation of these strains to specific conditions prevailing in AD habitats.
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28
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Maus I, Bremges A, Stolze Y, Hahnke S, Cibis KG, Koeck DE, Kim YS, Kreubel J, Hassa J, Wibberg D, Weimann A, Off S, Stantscheff R, Zverlov VV, Schwarz WH, König H, Liebl W, Scherer P, McHardy AC, Sczyrba A, Klocke M, Pühler A, Schlüter A. Genomics and prevalence of bacterial and archaeal isolates from biogas-producing microbiomes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:264. [PMID: 29158776 PMCID: PMC5684752 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate biogas microbial communities and processes, the application of high-throughput DNA analysis approaches is becoming increasingly important. Unfortunately, generated data can only partialy be interpreted rudimentary since databases lack reference sequences. RESULTS Novel cellulolytic, hydrolytic, and acidogenic/acetogenic Bacteria as well as methanogenic Archaea originating from different anaerobic digestion communities were analyzed on the genomic level to assess their role in biomass decomposition and biogas production. Some of the analyzed bacterial strains were recently described as new species and even genera, namely Herbinix hemicellulosilytica T3/55T, Herbinix luporum SD1DT, Clostridium bornimense M2/40T, Proteiniphilum saccharofermentans M3/6T, Fermentimonas caenicola ING2-E5BT, and Petrimonas mucosa ING2-E5AT. High-throughput genome sequencing of 22 anaerobic digestion isolates enabled functional genome interpretation, metabolic reconstruction, and prediction of microbial traits regarding their abilities to utilize complex bio-polymers and to perform specific fermentation pathways. To determine the prevalence of the isolates included in this study in different biogas systems, corresponding metagenome fragment mappings were done. Methanoculleus bourgensis was found to be abundant in three mesophilic biogas plants studied and slightly less abundant in a thermophilic biogas plant, whereas Defluviitoga tunisiensis was only prominent in the thermophilic system. Moreover, several of the analyzed species were clearly detectable in the mesophilic biogas plants, but appeared to be only moderately abundant. Among the species for which genome sequence information was publicly available prior to this study, only the species Amphibacillus xylanus, Clostridium clariflavum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus are of importance for the biogas microbiomes analyzed, but did not reach the level of abundance as determined for M. bourgensis and D. tunisiensis. CONCLUSIONS Isolation of key anaerobic digestion microorganisms and their functional interpretation was achieved by application of elaborated cultivation techniques and subsequent genome analyses. New isolates and their genome information extend the repository covering anaerobic digestion community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Maus
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Bremges
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunscheig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stolze
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sarah Hahnke
- Department Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katharina G. Cibis
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research, Johann-Joachim Becherweg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela E. Koeck
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Yong S. Kim
- Faculty Life Sciences/Research Center ‘Biomass Utilization Hamburg’, University of Applied Sciences Hamburg (HAW), Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg-Bergedorf, Germany
| | - Jana Kreubel
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research, Johann-Joachim Becherweg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Hassa
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Aaron Weimann
- Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Sandra Off
- Faculty Life Sciences/Research Center ‘Biomass Utilization Hamburg’, University of Applied Sciences Hamburg (HAW), Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg-Bergedorf, Germany
| | - Robbin Stantscheff
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research, Johann-Joachim Becherweg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Forensische Genetik GmbH, Im Derdel 8, 48168 Münster, Germany
| | - Vladimir V. Zverlov
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - Wolfgang H. Schwarz
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Helmut König
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research, Johann-Joachim Becherweg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Liebl
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Paul Scherer
- Faculty Life Sciences/Research Center ‘Biomass Utilization Hamburg’, University of Applied Sciences Hamburg (HAW), Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg-Bergedorf, Germany
| | - Alice C. McHardy
- Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Alexander Sczyrba
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Klocke
- Department Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlüter
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Schwarzhans JP, Wibberg D, Winkler A, Luttermann T, Kalinowski J, Friehs K. Non-canonical integration events in Pichia pastoris encountered during standard transformation analysed with genome sequencing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38952. [PMID: 27958335 PMCID: PMC5154183 DOI: 10.1038/srep38952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-conventional yeast Pichia pastoris is a popular host for recombinant protein production in scientific research and industry. Typically, the expression cassette is integrated into the genome via homologous recombination. Due to unknown integration events, a large clonal variability is often encountered consisting of clones with different productivities as well as aberrant morphological or growth characteristics. In this study, we analysed several clones with abnormal colony morphology and discovered unpredicted integration events via whole genome sequencing. These include (i) the relocation of the locus targeted for replacement to another chromosome (ii) co-integration of DNA from the E. coli plasmid host and (iii) the disruption of untargeted genes affecting colony morphology. Most of these events have not been reported so far in literature and present challenges for genetic engineering approaches in this yeast. Especially, the presence and independent activity of E. coli DNA elements in P. pastoris is of concern. In our study, we provide a deeper insight into these events and their potential origins. Steps preventing or reducing the risk for these phenomena are proposed and will help scientists working on genetic engineering of P. pastoris or similar non-conventional yeast to better understand and control clonal variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philipp Schwarzhans
- Fermentation Engineering, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Tobias Luttermann
- Fermentation Engineering, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Karl Friehs
- Fermentation Engineering, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
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Deep Sequencing Analysis Reveals the Mycoviral Diversity of the Virome of an Avirulent Isolate of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 IV. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165965. [PMID: 27814394 PMCID: PMC5096721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani represents an important plant pathogenic Basidiomycota species complex and the host of many different mycoviruses, as indicated by frequent detection of dsRNA elements in natural populations of the fungus. To date, eight different mycoviruses have been characterized in Rhizoctonia and some of them have been reported to modulate its virulence. DsRNA extracts of the avirulent R. solani isolate DC17 (AG2-2-IV) displayed a diverse pattern, indicating multiple infections with mycoviruses. Deep sequencing analysis of the dsRNA extract, converted to cDNA, revealed that this isolate harbors at least 17 different mycovirus species. Based on the alignment of the conserved RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) domain, this viral community included putative members of the families Narnaviridae, Endornaviridae, Partitiviridae and Megabirnaviridae as well as of the order Tymovirales. Furthermore, viruses, which could not be assigned to any existing family or order, but showed similarities to so far unassigned species like Sclerotinia sclerotiorum RNA virus L, Rhizoctonia solani dsRNA virus 1, Aspergillus foetidus slow virus 2 or Rhizoctonia fumigata virus 1, were identified. This is the first report of a fungal isolate infected by 17 different viral species and a valuable study case to explore the diversity of mycoviruses infecting R. solani.
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Aguilar A, Peralta H, Mora Y, Díaz R, Vargas-Lagunas C, Girard L, Mora J. Genomic Comparison of Agrobacterium pusense Strains Isolated from Bean Nodules. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1720. [PMID: 27833604 PMCID: PMC5081363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Aguilar
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Humberto Peralta
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Mora
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rafael Díaz
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Carmen Vargas-Lagunas
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Girard
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jaime Mora
- Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Identification of a novel mycovirus isolated from Rhizoctonia solani (AG 2-2 IV) provides further information about genome plasticity within the order Tymovirales. Arch Virol 2016; 162:555-559. [PMID: 27734236 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome of a novel mycovirus, named Rhizoctonia solani flexivirus 1 (RsFV-1), which infects an avirulent strain of Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2 IV, was sequenced and analyzed. Its RNA genome consists of 10,621 nucleotides, excluding the poly-A tail, and encodes a single protein of 3477 amino acids. The identification of conserved motifs of methyltransferase, helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase revealed its relatedness to members of the alphavirus-like superfamily of positive-strand RNA viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of these fused domains suggested that this virus should be assigned to the order Tymovirales. The recently described Fusarium graminearum deltaflexivirus 1 was found to be its closest relative. However, the whole genome, as well as the encoded protein of RsFV-1, is larger than that of other known members of the order Tymovirales, and unlike all other viruses belonging to this order, its methyltransferase domain is not located at the N-terminus of the replicase. Although genome diversity, as a result of recombination and gene loss, is a well-documented trait in members of the order Tymovirales, no related virus with a comparable genome alteration has been reported before. For these reasons, RsFV-1 broadens our perception about genome plasticity and diversity within the order Tymovirales.
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Nguyen TV, Wibberg D, Battenberg K, Blom J, Vanden Heuvel B, Berry AM, Kalinowski J, Pawlowski K. An assemblage of Frankia Cluster II strains from California contains the canonical nod genes and also the sulfotransferase gene nodH. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:796. [PMID: 27729005 PMCID: PMC5059922 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to establish root nodule symbioses is restricted to four different plant orders. Soil actinobacteria of the genus Frankia can establish a symbiotic relationship with a diverse group of plants within eight different families from three different orders, the Cucurbitales, Fagales and Rosales. Phylogenetically, Frankia strains can be divided into four clusters, three of which (I, II, III) contain symbiotic strains. Members of Cluster II nodulate the broadest range of host plants with species from four families from two different orders, growing on six continents. Two Cluster II genomes were sequenced thus far, both from Asia. RESULTS In this paper we present the first Frankia cluster II genome from North America (California), Dg2, which represents a metagenome of two major and one minor strains. A phylogenetic analysis of the core genomes of 16 Frankia strains shows that Cluster II the ancestral group in the genus, also ancestral to the non-symbiotic Cluster IV. Dg2 contains the canonical nod genes nodABC for the production of lipochitooligosaccharide Nod factors, but also two copies of the sulfotransferase gene nodH. In rhizobial systems, sulfation of Nod factors affects their host specificity and their stability. CONCLUSIONS A comparison with the nod gene region of the previously sequenced Dg1 genome from a Cluster II strain from Pakistan shows that the common ancestor of both strains should have contained nodABC and nodH. Phylogenetically, Dg2 NodH proteins are sister to rhizobial NodH proteins. A glnA-based phylogenetic analysis of all Cluster II strains sampled thus far supports the hypothesis that Cluster II Frankia strains came to North America with Datisca glomerata following the Madrean-Tethyan pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Van Nguyen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kai Battenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Alison M Berry
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Licata NA, Mohari B, Fuqua C, Setayeshgar S. Diffusion of Bacterial Cells in Porous Media. Biophys J 2016; 110:247-57. [PMID: 26745427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotaxis signal transduction network regulates the biased random walk of many bacteria in favorable directions and away from harmful ones through modulating the frequency of directional reorientations. In mutants of diverse bacteria lacking the chemotaxis response, migration in classic motility agar, which constitutes a fluid-filled porous medium, is compromised; straight-swimming cells unable to tumble become trapped within the agar matrix. Spontaneous mutations that restore spreading have been previously observed in the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli, and recent work in other bacterial species has isolated and quantified different classes of nonchemotacting mutants exhibiting the same spreading phenotype. We present a theoretical description of bacterial diffusion in a porous medium-the natural habitat for many cell types-which elucidates how diverse modifications of the motility apparatus resulting in a nonzero tumbling frequency allows for unjamming of otherwise straight-swimming cells at internal boundaries and leads to net migration. A unique result of our analysis is increasing diffusive spread with increasing tumbling frequency in the small pore limit, consistent with earlier experimental observations but not captured by previous models. Our theoretical results, combined with a simple model of bacterial diffusion and growth in agar, are compared with our experimental measurements of swim ring expansion as a function of time, demonstrating good quantitative agreement. Our results suggest that the details of the cellular tumbling process may be adapted to enable bacteria to propagate efficiently through complex environments. For engineered, self-propelled microswimmers that navigate via alternating straight runs and changes in direction, these results suggest an optimal reorientation strategy for efficient migration in a porous environment with a given microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Licata
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan
| | - Bitan Mohari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Clay Fuqua
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Sima Setayeshgar
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
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Maus I, Koeck DE, Cibis KG, Hahnke S, Kim YS, Langer T, Kreubel J, Erhard M, Bremges A, Off S, Stolze Y, Jaenicke S, Goesmann A, Sczyrba A, Scherer P, König H, Schwarz WH, Zverlov VV, Liebl W, Pühler A, Schlüter A, Klocke M. Unraveling the microbiome of a thermophilic biogas plant by metagenome and metatranscriptome analysis complemented by characterization of bacterial and archaeal isolates. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:171. [PMID: 27525040 PMCID: PMC4982221 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most promising technologies to sustainably produce energy and to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from combustion of fossil energy carriers is the anaerobic digestion and biomethanation of organic raw material and waste towards biogas by highly diverse microbial consortia. In this context, the microbial systems ecology of thermophilic industrial-scale biogas plants is poorly understood. RESULTS The microbial community structure of an exemplary thermophilic biogas plant was analyzed by a comprehensive approach comprising the analysis of the microbial metagenome and metatranscriptome complemented by the cultivation of hydrolytic and acido-/acetogenic Bacteria as well as methanogenic Archaea. Analysis of metagenome-derived 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the bacterial genera Defluviitoga (5.5 %), Halocella (3.5 %), Clostridium sensu stricto (1.9 %), Clostridium cluster III (1.5 %), and Tepidimicrobium (0.7 %) were most abundant. Among the Archaea, Methanoculleus (2.8 %) and Methanothermobacter (0.8 %) were predominant. As revealed by a metatranscriptomic 16S rRNA analysis, Defluviitoga (9.2 %), Clostridium cluster III (4.8 %), and Tepidanaerobacter (1.1 %) as well as Methanoculleus (5.7 %) mainly contributed to these sequence tags indicating their metabolic activity, whereas Hallocella (1.8 %), Tepidimicrobium (0.5 %), and Methanothermobacter (<0.1 %) were transcriptionally less active. By applying 11 different cultivation strategies, 52 taxonomically different microbial isolates representing the classes Clostridia, Bacilli, Thermotogae, Methanomicrobia and Methanobacteria were obtained. Genome analyses of isolates support the finding that, besides Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium stercorarium, Defluviitoga tunisiensis participated in the hydrolysis of hemicellulose producing ethanol, acetate, and H2/CO2. The latter three metabolites are substrates for hydrogentrophic and acetoclastic archaeal methanogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Obtained results showed that high abundance of microorganisms as deduced from metagenome analysis does not necessarily indicate high transcriptional or metabolic activity, and vice versa. Additionally, it appeared that the microbiome of the investigated thermophilic biogas plant comprised a huge number of up to now unknown and insufficiently characterized species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Maus
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniela E. Koeck
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Katharina G. Cibis
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Becherweg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarah Hahnke
- Dept. Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yong S. Kim
- Faculty Life Sciences/Research Center ‚‘Biomass Utilization Hamburg’, University of Applied Sciences Hamburg (HAW), Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg-Bergedorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Dept. Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jana Kreubel
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Becherweg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Erhard
- RIPAC-LABOR GmbH, Am Mühlenberg 11, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Andreas Bremges
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sandra Off
- Faculty Life Sciences/Research Center ‚‘Biomass Utilization Hamburg’, University of Applied Sciences Hamburg (HAW), Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg-Bergedorf, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stolze
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jaenicke
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Sczyrba
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Paul Scherer
- Faculty Life Sciences/Research Center ‚‘Biomass Utilization Hamburg’, University of Applied Sciences Hamburg (HAW), Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg-Bergedorf, Germany
| | - Helmut König
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Becherweg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Schwarz
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Vladimir V. Zverlov
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Liebl
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlüter
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Klocke
- Dept. Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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Gren T, Ortseifen V, Wibberg D, Schneiker-Bekel S, Bednarz H, Niehaus K, Zemke T, Persicke M, Pühler A, Kalinowski J. Genetic engineering in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 − development of an intergeneric conjugation system for the introduction of actinophage-based integrative vectors. J Biotechnol 2016; 232:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Finished genome sequence and methylome of the cyanide-degrading Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain CECT5344 as resolved by single-molecule real-time sequencing. J Biotechnol 2016; 232:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Complete Genome Sequence of Herbinix luporum SD1D, a New Cellulose-Degrading Bacterium Isolated from a Thermophilic Biogas Reactor. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/4/e00687-16. [PMID: 27445379 PMCID: PMC4956452 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00687-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel cellulolytic bacterial strain was isolated from an industrial-scale biogas plant. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain SD1D showed 96.4% similarity to Herbinix hemicellulosilytica T3/55(T), indicating a novel species within the genus Herbinix (family Lachnospiraceae). Here, the complete genome sequence of Herbinix luporum SD1D is reported.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Propionispora sp. Strain 2/2-37, a New Xylan-Degrading Bacterium Isolated from a Mesophilic Biogas Reactor. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00609-16. [PMID: 27340074 PMCID: PMC4919413 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00609-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The novel mesophilic bacterial strain Propionispora sp. 2/2-37 was isolated from an industrial-scale biogas plant. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the isolate constitutes a new subcluster within the order Selenomonadales. The 2/2-37 draft genome sequence was established and provides the genetic basis for application of this microorganism in degradation of biomass for bio-fuel production.
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40
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Complete Genome Sequence of the Methanogen Methanoculleus bourgensis BA1 Isolated from a Biogas Reactor. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00568-16. [PMID: 27340059 PMCID: PMC4919398 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00568-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methanoculleus bourgensis BA1, a hydrogenotrophic methanogen, was isolated from a laboratory-scale biogas reactor operating under an elevated ammonium concentration. Here, the complete genome sequence of M. bourgensis BA1 is reported. The availability of the BA1 genome sequence enables detailed comparative analyses involving other Methanoculleus spp. representing important members of microbial biogas communities.
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Martini MC, Wibberg D, Lozano M, Torres Tejerizo G, Albicoro FJ, Jaenicke S, van Elsas JD, Petroni A, Garcillán-Barcia MP, de la Cruz F, Schlüter A, Pühler A, Pistorio M, Lagares A, Del Papa MF. Genomics of high molecular weight plasmids isolated from an on-farm biopurification system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28284. [PMID: 27321040 PMCID: PMC4913263 DOI: 10.1038/srep28284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biopurification systems (BPS) constitutes an efficient strategy to eliminate pesticides from polluted wastewaters from farm activities. BPS environments contain a high microbial density and diversity facilitating the exchange of information among bacteria, mediated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which play a key role in bacterial adaptation and evolution in such environments. Here we sequenced and characterized high-molecular-weight plasmids from a bacterial collection of an on-farm BPS. The high-throughput-sequencing of the plasmid pool yielded a total of several Mb sequence information. Assembly of the sequence data resulted in six complete replicons. Using in silico analyses we identified plasmid replication genes whose encoding proteins represent 13 different Pfam families, as well as proteins involved in plasmid conjugation, indicating a large diversity of plasmid replicons and suggesting the occurrence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events within the habitat analyzed. In addition, genes conferring resistance to 10 classes of antimicrobial compounds and those encoding enzymes potentially involved in pesticide and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation were found. Global analysis of the plasmid pool suggest that the analyzed BPS represents a key environment for further studies addressing the dissemination of MGEs carrying catabolic genes and pathway assembly regarding degradation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Martini
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CONICET- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mauricio Lozano
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CONICET- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Torres Tejerizo
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CONICET- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Albicoro
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CONICET- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Jaenicke
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Alejandro Petroni
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Departamento de Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Pilar Garcillán-Barcia
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Cruz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Andreas Schlüter
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mariano Pistorio
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CONICET- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Antonio Lagares
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CONICET- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - María F Del Papa
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CONICET- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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Complete Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genome Sequences of the Hydrocarbon Oil-Producing Green Microalga Botryococcus braunii Race B (Showa). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00524-16. [PMID: 27284138 PMCID: PMC4901229 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00524-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The green alga Botryococcus braunii is capable of the production and excretion of high quantities of long-chain hydrocarbons and exopolysaccharides. In this study, we present the complete plastid and mitochondrial genomes of the hydrocarbon-producing microalga Botryococcus braunii race B (Showa), with a total length of 156,498 and 129,356 bp, respectively.
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Schwarzhans JP, Wibberg D, Winkler A, Luttermann T, Kalinowski J, Friehs K. Integration event induced changes in recombinant protein productivity in Pichia pastoris discovered by whole genome sequencing and derived vector optimization. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:84. [PMID: 27206580 PMCID: PMC4874018 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The classic AOX1 replacement approach is still one of the most often used techniques for expression of recombinant proteins in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Although this approach is largely successful, it frequently delivers clones with unpredicted production characteristics and a work-intense screening process is required to find the strain with desired productivity. Results In this project 845 P. pastoris clones, transformed with a GFP expression cassette, were analyzed for their methanol-utilization (Mut)-phenotypes, GFP gene expression levels and gene copy numbers. Several groups of strains with irregular features were identified. Such features include GFP expression that is markedly higher or lower than expected based on gene copy number as well as strains that grew under selective conditions but where the GFP gene cassette and its expression could not be detected. From these classes of strains 31 characteristic clones were selected and their genomes sequenced. By correlating the assembled genome data with the experimental phenotypes novel insights were obtained. These comprise a clear connection between productivity and cassette-to-cassette orientation in the genome, the occurrence of false-positive clones due to a secondary recombination event, and lower total productivity due to the presence of untransformed cells within the isolates were discovered. To cope with some of these problems, the original vector was optimized by replacing the AOX1 terminator, preventing the occurrence of false-positive clones due to the secondary recombination event. Conclusions Standard methods for transformation of P. pastoris led to a multitude of unintended and sometimes detrimental integration events, lowering total productivity. By documenting the connections between productivity and integration event we obtained a deeper understanding of the genetics of mutation in P. pastoris. These findings and the derived improved mutagenesis and transformation procedures and tools will help other scientists working on recombinant protein production in P. pastoris and similar non-conventional yeasts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0486-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philipp Schwarzhans
- Fermentation Engineering, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.,Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Luttermann
- Fermentation Engineering, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.,CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl Friehs
- Fermentation Engineering, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany. .,CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Celis JS, Wibberg D, Winkler A, Wilke T, Kalinowski J. Complete mitochondrial genome of the scleractinian coral Porites rus. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 27:3695-6. [PMID: 27158873 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1079860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Scleractinian corals of the genus Porites are found across a wide geographical range along the tropical seas. Some species of the genus such as Porites rus are important reef builders in coral reef ecosystems and display a remarkable stress tolerance. Despite their physiological particularities and ecological importance, there is a scarcity of molecular data for members of this genus. Here, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome of Porites rus (Genbank accession number LN864762) which is 18 647 bp in size. It has the typical coral mitochondrial gene arrangement, consisting of 14 protein-coding genes, with a GC content of 36.2%, 12 tRNAs and two rRNAs. The P. rus mitochondrial genome displays two groups: 1 intron in cox1 and nad5 genes. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the genus Porites. The complete mitochondrial genome will be helpful for addressing questions regarding mitochondrial gene evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastián Celis
- a Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany and
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- b Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University , Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- b Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University , Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Thomas Wilke
- a Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany and
| | - Joern Kalinowski
- b Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University , Bielefeld , Germany
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Intraspecies Transfer of the Chromosomal Acinetobacter baumannii blaNDM-1 Carbapenemase Gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:3032-40. [PMID: 26953198 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00124-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important multidrug-resistant human pathogens. To determine its virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants, the genome of the nosocomial blaNDM-1-positive A. baumannii strain R2090 originating from Egypt was completely sequenced. Genome analysis revealed that strain R2090 is highly related to the community-acquired Australian A. baumannii strain D1279779. The two strains belong to sequence type 267 (ST267). Isolate R2090 harbored the chromosomally integrated transposon Tn125 carrying the carbapenemase gene blaNDM-1 that is not present in the D1279779 genome. To test the transferability of the metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene region, the clinical isolate R2090 was mated with the susceptible A. baumannii recipient CIP 70.10, and the carbapenem-resistant derivative R2091 was obtained. Genome sequencing of the R2091 derivative revealed that it had received an approximately 66-kb region comprising the transposon Tn125 embedding the blaNDM-1 gene. This region had integrated into the chromosome of the recipient strain CIP 70.10. From the four known mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer (conjugation, outer membrane vesicle-mediated transfer, transformation, and transduction), conjugation could be ruled out, since strain R2090 lacks any plasmid, and a type IV secretion system is not encoded in its chromosome. However, strain R2090 possesses three putative prophages, two of which were predicted to be complete and therefore functional. Accordingly, it was supposed that the transfer of the resistance gene region from the clinical isolate R2090 to the recipient occurred by general transduction facilitated by one of the prophages present in the R2090 genome. Hence, phage-mediated transduction has to be taken into account for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes within the species A. baumannii.
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46
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Complete genome sequence of Streptomyces reticuli, an efficient degrader of crystalline cellulose. J Biotechnol 2016; 222:13-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Complete Genome Sequence of the Clinical Strain Acinetobacter baumannii R2090 Carrying the Chromosomally Encoded Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene blaNDM-1. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01008-15. [PMID: 26358593 PMCID: PMC4566175 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01008-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging human pathogen causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of the clinical A. baumannii strain R2090 carrying the metallo-β-lactamase gene blaNDM-1 in its chromosome within the transposon Tn125.
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Nabi N, Chaouachi M, Zellama MS, Ben Hafsa A, Mrabet B, Saïd K, Fathia HS. A new QRT-PCR assay designed for the differentiation between elements provided from Agrobacterium sp. in GMOs plant events and natural Agrobacterium sp. bacteria. Food Chem 2015; 196:58-65. [PMID: 26593465 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The question asked in the present work was how to differentiate between contamination of field samples with and GM plants contained sequences provided from this bacterium in order to avoid false positives in the frame of the detection and the quantification of GMO. For this, new set of primers and corresponding TaqMan Minor Groove Binder (MGB) probes were designed to target Agrobacterium sp. using the tumor-morphology-shooty gene (TMS1). Final standard curves were calculated for each pathogen by plotting the threshold cycle value against the bacterial number (log (colony forming units) per milliliter) via linear regression. The method designed was highly specific and sensitive, with a detection limit of 10CFU/ml. No significant cross-reaction was observed. Results from this study showed that TaqMan real-time PCR, is potentially an effective method for the rapid and reliable quantification of Agrobacterium sp. in samples containing GMO or non GMO samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Nabi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maher Chaouachi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Salem Zellama
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Ben Hafsa
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Besma Mrabet
- Laboratoire de Phytiatri, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Mahrajène Tunisia
| | - Khaled Saïd
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Harzallah Skhiri Fathia
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000, BP74, Monastir, Tunisia
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49
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Tomazetto G, Hahnke S, Koeck DE, Wibberg D, Maus I, Pühler A, Klocke M, Schlüter A. Complete genome analysis of Clostridium bornimense strain M2/40(T): A new acidogenic Clostridium species isolated from a mesophilic two-phase laboratory-scale biogas reactor. J Biotechnol 2015; 232:38-49. [PMID: 26256097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Taxonomic and functional profiling based on metagenome analyses frequently revealed that members of the class Clostridia dominate biogas reactor communities and perform different essential metabolic pathways in the biogas fermentation process. Clostridium bornimense strain M2/40(T) was recently isolated from a mesophilic two-phase lab-scale biogas reactor continuously fed with maize silage and wheat straw. The genome of the strain was completely sequenced and manually annotated to reconstruct its metabolic potential regarding carbohydrate active enzyme production and fermentation of organic compounds for consolidated biofuel production from biomass. The C. bornimense M2/40(T) genome consists of a chromosome (2,917,864bp in size) containing 2613 protein coding sequences, and a 699,161bp chromid (secondary replicon) harboring 680 coding sequences. Both replicons feature very similar GC-contents of approximately 29%. The complex genome comprises three prophage regions, two CRISPR-cas systems and a putative cellulosomal gene cluster that is located on the second replicon (chromid) of the strain. The overexpressed glycosyl hydrolases (GH) CelK (GH9) and CelA (GH48) encoded in the cellulosomal gene cluster were shown to be active on the substrates xylan and xyloglucan whereas XghA (GH74) is highly active on xyloglucan. Reconstruction of fermentation pathways from genome sequence data revealed that strain M2/40(T) encodes all enzymes for hydrogen, acetate, formate, lactate, butyrate, and ethanol production, leading to the classification of the isolate as acidogenic bacterium. Phylogenetic analyses uncovered that the closest characterized relative of C. bornimense is C. cellulovorans. Comparative analyses of the C. bornimense and C. cellulovorans genomes revealed considerable rearrangements within their chromosomes suggesting that both species evolved separately for a relatively long period of time and adapted to specific tasks within microbial consortia responsible for anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geizecler Tomazetto
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sarah Hahnke
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniela E Koeck
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Irena Maus
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Klocke
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlüter
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Complete Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii CIP 70.10, a Susceptible Reference Strain for Comparative Genome Analyses. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/4/e00850-15. [PMID: 26227605 PMCID: PMC4520903 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00850-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence for the reference strain Acinetobacter baumannii CIP 70.10 (ATCC 15151) was established. The strain was isolated in France in 1970, is susceptible to most antimicrobial compounds, and is therefore of importance for comparative genome analyses with clinical multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii strains to study resistance development and acquisition in this emerging human pathogen.
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