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Carvalho SF, Pereiro AB, Araújo JMM. Simultaneous Purification of Human Interferon Alpha-2b and Serum Albumin Using Bioprivileged Fluorinated Ionic Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2751. [PMID: 38473998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon alpha-2b (IFN-α2b) is an essential cytokine widely used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C and hairy cell leukemia, and serum albumin is the most abundant plasma protein with numerous physiological functions. Effective single-step aqueous biphasic system (ABS) extraction for the simultaneous purification of IFN-α2b and BSA (serum albumin protein) was developed in this work. Effects of the ionic liquid (IL)-based ABS functionalization, fluorinated ILs (FILs; [C2C1Im][C4F9SO3] and [N1112(OH)][C4F9SO3]) vs. mere fluoro-containing IL ([C4C1Im][CF3SO3]), in combination with sucrose or [N1112(OH)][H2PO4] (well-known globular protein stabilizers), or high-charge-density salt K3PO4 were investigated. The effects of phase pH, phase water content (%wt), phase composition (%wt), and phase volume ratio were investigated. The phase pH was found to have a significant effect on IFN-α2b and BSA partition. Experimental results show that simultaneous single-step purification was achieved with a high yield (extraction efficiency up to 100%) for both proteins and a purification factor of IFN-α2b high in the enriched IFN-α2b phase (up to 23.22) and low in the BSA-enriched phase (down to 0.00). SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the purity of both recovered proteins. The stability and structure of IFN-α2b and BSA were preserved or even improved (FIL-rich phase) during the purification step, as evaluated by CD spectroscopy and DSC. Binding studies of IFN-α2b and BSA with the ABS phase-forming components were assessed by MST, showing the strong interaction between FILs aggregates and both proteins. In view of their biocompatibility, customizable properties, and selectivity, FIL-based ABSs are suggested as an improved purification step that could facilitate the development of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Carvalho
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana B Pereiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João M M Araújo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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2
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Liu X, Zhang P, Zhao Q, Huang AC. Making small molecules in plants: A chassis for synthetic biology-based production of plant natural products. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:417-443. [PMID: 35852486 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products have been extensively exploited in food, medicine, flavor, cosmetic, renewable fuel, and other industrial sectors. Synthetic biology has recently emerged as a promising means for the cost-effective and sustainable production of natural products. Compared with engineering microbes for the production of plant natural products, the potential of plants as chassis for producing these compounds is underestimated, largely due to challenges encountered in engineering plants. Knowledge in plant engineering is instrumental for enabling the effective and efficient production of valuable phytochemicals in plants, and also paves the way for a more sustainable future agriculture. In this manuscript, we briefly recap the biosynthesis of plant natural products, focusing primarily on industrially important terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids. We further summarize the plant hosts and strategies that have been used to engineer the production of natural products. The challenges and opportunities of using plant synthetic biology to achieve rapid and scalable production of high-value plant natural products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ancheng C Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Improving Protein Quantity and Quality—The Next Level of Plant Molecular Farming. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031326. [PMID: 35163249 PMCID: PMC8836236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants offer several unique advantages in the production of recombinant pharmaceuticals for humans and animals. Although numerous recombinant proteins have been expressed in plants, only a small fraction have been successfully put into use. The hugely distinct expression systems between plant and animal cells frequently cause insufficient yield of the recombinant proteins with poor or undesired activity. To overcome the issues that greatly constrain the development of plant-produced pharmaceuticals, great efforts have been made to improve expression systems and develop alternative strategies to increase both the quantity and quality of the recombinant proteins. Recent technological revolutions, such as targeted genome editing, deconstructed vectors, virus-like particles, and humanized glycosylation, have led to great advances in plant molecular farming to meet the industrial manufacturing and clinical application standards. In this review, we discuss the technological advances made in various plant expression platforms, with special focus on the upstream designs and milestone achievements in improving the yield and glycosylation of the plant-produced pharmaceutical proteins.
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Structural and Biochemical Features of Human Serum Albumin Essential for Eukaryotic Cell Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168411. [PMID: 34445120 PMCID: PMC8395139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin physically interacts with fatty acids, small molecules, metal ions, and several other proteins. Binding with a plethora of bioactive substances makes it a critical transport molecule. Albumin also scavenges the reactive oxygen species that are harmful to cell survival. These properties make albumin an excellent choice to promote cell growth and maintain a variety of eukaryotic cells under in vitro culture environment. Furthermore, purified recombinant human serum albumin is mostly free from impurities and modifications, providing a perfect choice as an additive in cell and tissue culture media while avoiding any regulatory constraints. This review discusses key features of human serum albumin implicated in cell growth and survival under in vitro conditions.
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Karki U, Fang H, Guo W, Unnold-Cofre C, Xu J. Cellular engineering of plant cells for improved therapeutic protein production. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1087-1099. [PMID: 33837823 PMCID: PMC8035600 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cultured plant cells, in particular the tobacco BY-2 cell, have demonstrated their potential to provide a promising bioproduction platform for therapeutic proteins by integrating the merits of whole-plant cultivation systems with those of microbial and mammalian cell cultures. Over the past three decades, substantial progress has been made in improving the plant cell culture system, resulting in a few commercial success cases, such as taliglucerase alfa (Elelyso®), the first FDA-approved recombinant pharmaceutical protein derived from plant cells. However, compared to the major expression hosts (bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells), plant cells are still largely underutilized, mainly due to low productivity and non-human glycosylation. Modern molecular biology tools, in particular RNAi and the latest genome editing technology CRISPR/Cas9, have been used to modulate the genome of plant cells to create new cell lines that exhibit desired "traits" for producing therapeutic proteins. This review highlights the recent advances in cellular engineering of plant cells towards improved recombinant protein production, including creating cell lines with deficient protease levels or humanized glycosylation, and considers potential development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddhab Karki
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Hong Fang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
- College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Wenzheng Guo
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Carmela Unnold-Cofre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA.
- College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72401, USA.
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Huang LF, Sinaga DS, Tan CC, Hsieh SJM, Huang CH. Expression of Recombinant Human Octamer-Binding Transcription Factor 4 in Rice Suspension Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031409. [PMID: 33573352 PMCID: PMC7866794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice cell suspension culture system is a good way to produce recombinant human proteins, owing to its high biosafety and low production cost. Human Octamer-binding Transcription Factor 4 (Oct4) is a fundamental transcription factor responsible for maintaining human pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Recombinant Oct4 protein has been used to induce pluripotent stem cells. In this study, recombinant Oct4 proteins are produced via a sugar starvation-inducible αAmy3/RAmy3D promoter-signal peptide-based rice recombinant protein expression system. Oct4 mRNAs accumulate in the transgenic rice suspension cells under sugar starvation. The Oct4 recombinant protein is detected in the transgenic rice suspension cells, and its highest yield is approximately 0.41% of total cellular soluble proteins after one day of sugar starvation. The rice cell-synthesized recombinant human Oct4 protein show DNA-binding activity in vitro, which implies that the protein structure is correct for enabling specific binding to the target DNA motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Huang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan; (D.S.S.); (C.-C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-463-8800 (ext. 2189); Fax: +886-3-433-4667
| | - Desyanti Saulina Sinaga
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan; (D.S.S.); (C.-C.T.)
| | - Chia-Chun Tan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan; (D.S.S.); (C.-C.T.)
- Taiwan Advance Bio-Pharmaceutical Inc., 12F, No. 25, Ln. 169, Kangning St, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan; (S.-J.M.H.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Shu-Ju Micky Hsieh
- Taiwan Advance Bio-Pharmaceutical Inc., 12F, No. 25, Ln. 169, Kangning St, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan; (S.-J.M.H.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chi-Hung Huang
- Taiwan Advance Bio-Pharmaceutical Inc., 12F, No. 25, Ln. 169, Kangning St, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan; (S.-J.M.H.); (C.-H.H.)
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Xia P, Hu W, Liang T, Yang D, Liang Z. An attempt to establish an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in medicinal plants. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1497-1505. [PMID: 32564134 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genetic transformation has always been an important method for studying medical plant secondary metabolic regulation, among which stable transformation has a good reproducibility. However, it was time-consuming to obtain a stable transformed hairy root or transgenic plants, which was difficult to satisfy the great demand of researches on medical plant secondary metabolism-related genes. Moreover, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient transformation has been extensively applied in studies of functional genes because of its simpleness, low cost, and short period. However, presently, researches on medical plant functional genes commonly used stable genetic transformation and some high-cost and high-difficulty transient transformation methods, such as gene gun and protoplast transformation. Thus, in this study, we selected the seedlings of Nicotiana benthamiana, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Prunella vulgaris as the experimental material, with the methods of Agrobacterium tumefaciens injection, fast Agrobacterium-mediated seedling transformation (FAST), and FAST and mechanical damage. The results demonstrated that the injection transient transformation system of pCAMBIA1301 vector mediated by A. tumefaciens and the transient transformation of seedling system were not established in S. miltiorrhiza. In addition, the instantaneous transformation system of N. benthamiana and P. vulgaris seedlings was basically set up by FAST method. Besides, using the method of FAST and mechanical damage, the transient genetic transformation system of P. vulgaris seedlings was established for the first time. A. tumefaciens-mediated transient transformation of seedlings with pEAQ vectors provided an effective way and reference for the further study of functional genes of the medicinal plants N. benthamiana and P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengguo Xia
- Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Wanying Hu
- Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Tongyao Liang
- Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Sedaghati B, Haddad R, Bandehpour M. Transient expression of human serum albumin (HSA) in tobacco leaves. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7169-7177. [PMID: 32642917 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Today, recombinant human proteins make up a considerable part of FDA-approved biotechnological drugs. The selection of proper expression platform for manufacturing recombinant protein is a vital factor in achieving the optimal yield and quality of a biopharmaceutical in a timely fashion. This experiment was aimed to compare the transient expression level of human serum albumin gene in different tobacco genotype. For this, the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LB4404 and GV3101 harboring pBI121-HSA binary vector were infiltered in leaves of three tobacco genotypes, including Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum cv Xanthi and Samsun. The qRT-PCR, SDS-PAGE, western blotting and ELISA analysis were performed to evaluate the expression of HSA gene in transgenic plantlets. Our results illustrated that the expression level of rHSA in tobacco leaves was highly dependent on Agrobacterium strains, plant genotypes and harvesting time. The highest production of recombinant HSA protein was obtained in Samsun leaves infected with A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 after 3 days of infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Sedaghati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheem Haddad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Marsian J, Hurdiss DL, Ranson NA, Ritala A, Paley R, Cano I, Lomonossoff GP. Plant-Made Nervous Necrosis Virus-Like Particles Protect Fish Against Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:880. [PMID: 31354759 PMCID: PMC6629939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) of the fish virus, Atlantic Cod Nervous necrosis virus (ACNNV), were successfully produced by transient expression of the coat protein in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. VLPs could also be produced in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells. The protein extracted from plants self-assembled into T = 3 particles, that appeared to be morphologically similar to previously analyzed NNV VLPs when analyzed by high resolution cryo-electron microscopy. Administration of the plant-produced VLPs to sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) showed that they could protect the fish against subsequent virus challenge, indicating that plant-produced vaccines may have a substantial future role in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Marsian
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel L. Hurdiss
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A. Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anneli Ritala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Richard Paley
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Cano
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
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Sharma A, Chaudhuri TK. Physicochemical characterization of E. coli -derived human serum albumin and its comparison with the human plasma counterpart reveals it as a promising biosimilar. J Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Santos RB, Chandrasekar B, Mandal MK, Kaschani F, Kaiser M, Both L, van der Hoorn RAL, Schiermeyer A, Abranches R. Low Protease Content in Medicago truncatula Cell Cultures Facilitates Recombinant Protein Production. Biotechnol J 2018. [PMID: 29528190 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula is an established model for studying legume biology. More recently, it has also been exploited as a Molecular Farming platform for the production of recombinant proteins, with the successful expression of fungal and human proteins in plants and cell suspension cultures of this species. One of the challenges that now must be overcome is the degradation of final products during production and downstream processing stages. In the M. truncatula genome, there are more than 400 putative protease-encoding genes, but to date, the proteolytic content of Medicago cell cultures has not been studied. In this report, the proteolytic activities that can potentially hamper the successful production of recombinant proteins in this system are evaluated. The potential proteases responsible for the degradation of target proteins are identified. Interestingly, the number of proteases found in Medicago spent medium is considerably lower than that of the well-established tobacco bright yellow 2 (BY-2) system. Papain-like cysteine proteases are found to be the major contributors to recombinant protein degradation in Medicago. This knowledge is used to engineer a cell line with reduced endogenous protease activity by expressing a selective protease inhibitor, further improving this expression platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita B Santos
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Balakumaran Chandrasekar
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - Manoj K Mandal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, ZMB, Universitätsstraße 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, ZMB, Universitätsstraße 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Leonard Both
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Schiermeyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rita Abranches
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Sharma A, Chaudhuri TK. Revisiting Escherichia coli as microbial factory for enhanced production of human serum albumin. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:173. [PMID: 28982367 PMCID: PMC5629808 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human serum albumin (HSA)-one of the most demanded therapeutic proteins with immense biotechnological applications-is a large multidomain protein containing 17 disulfide bonds. The current source of HSA is human blood plasma which is a limited and unsafe source. Thus, there exists an indispensable need to promote non-animal derived recombinant HSA (rHSA) production. Escherichia coli is one of the most convenient hosts which had contributed to the production of more than 30% of the FDA approved recombinant pharmaceuticals. It grows rapidly and reaches high cell density using inexpensive and simple subst-rates. E. coli derived recombinant products have more economic potential as fermentation processes are cheaper compared to the other expression hosts. The major bottleneck in exploiting E. coli as a host for a disulfide-rich multidomain protein is the formation of aggregates of overexpressed protein. The majority of the expressed HSA forms inclusion bodies (more than 90% of the total expressed rHSA) in the E. coli cytosol. Recovery of functional rHSA from inclusion bodies is not preferred because it is difficult to obtain a large multidomain disulfide bond rich protein like rHSA in its functional native form. Purification is tedious, time-consuming, laborious and expensive. Because of such limitations, the E. coli host system was neglected for rHSA production for the past few decades despite its numerous advantages. RESULTS In the present work, we have exploited the capabilities of E. coli as a host for the enhanced functional production of rHSA (~ 60% of the total expressed rHSA in the soluble fraction). Parameters like intracellular environment, temperature, induction type, duration of induction, cell lysis conditions etc. which play an important role in enhancing the level of production of the desired protein in its native form in vivo have been optimized. We have studied the effect of assistance of different types of exogenously employed chaperone systems on the functional expression of rHSA in the E. coli host system. Different aspects of cell growth parameters during the production of rHSA in presence and absence of molecular chaperones in E. coli have also been studied. CONCLUSION In the present case, we have filled in the gap in the literature by exploiting the E. coli host system, which is fast-growing and scalable at the low cost of fermentation, as a microbial factory for the enhancement of functional production of rHSA, a crucial protein for therapeutic and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Sharma
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Tapan K Chaudhuri
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Mandal MK, Ahvari H, Schillberg S, Schiermeyer A. Tackling Unwanted Proteolysis in Plant Production Hosts Used for Molecular Farming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:267. [PMID: 27014293 PMCID: PMC4782010 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the field of molecular farming has significantly matured over the last years, some obstacles still need to be resolved. A major limiting factor for a broader application of plant hosts for the production of valuable recombinant proteins is the low yield of intact recombinant proteins. These low yields are at least in part due to the action of endogenous plant proteases on the foreign recombinant proteins. This mini review will present the current knowledge of the proteolytic enzymes involved in the degradation of different target proteins and strategies that are applied to suppress undesirable proteolytic activities in order to safeguard recombinant proteins during the production process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Schiermeyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied EcologyAachen, Germany
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Wu QC, Lin DQ, Shi W, Zhang QL, Yao SJ. A mixed-mode resin with tryptamine ligand for human serum albumin separation. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1431:145-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Peyret H, Lomonossoff GP. When plant virology met Agrobacterium: the rise of the deconstructed clones. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1121-35. [PMID: 26073158 PMCID: PMC4744784 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the early days of molecular farming, Agrobacterium-mediated stable genetic transformation and the use of plant virus-based vectors were considered separate and competing technologies with complementary strengths and weaknesses. The demonstration that 'agroinfection' was the most efficient way of delivering virus-based vectors to their target plants blurred the distinction between the two technologies and permitted the development of 'deconstructed' vectors based on a number of plant viruses. The tobamoviruses, potexviruses, tobraviruses, geminiviruses and comoviruses have all been shown to be particularly well suited to the development of such vectors in dicotyledonous plants, while the development of equivalent vectors for use in monocotyledonous plants has lagged behind. Deconstructed viral vectors have proved extremely effective at the rapid, high-level production of a number of pharmaceutical proteins, some of which are currently undergoing clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Peyret
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Moustafa K, Makhzoum A, Trémouillaux-Guiller J. Molecular farming on rescue of pharma industry for next generations. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:840-50. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1049934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Liu YK, Li YT, Lu CF, Huang LF. Enhancement of recombinant human serum albumin in transgenic rice cell culture system by cultivation strategy. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:328-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Wieczorek P, Obrępalska-Stęplowska A. Suppress to Survive-Implication of Plant Viruses in PTGS. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER 2015; 33:335-346. [PMID: 25999662 PMCID: PMC4432016 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-014-0755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, evolutionarily conserved processes playing an essential role during gene expression rely on small noncoding RNA molecules (sRNA). Within a wide range of sRNA-dependent cellular events, there is posttranscriptional gene silencing, the process that is activated in response to the presence of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in planta. The sequence-specific mechanism of silencing is based on RNase-mediated trimming of dsRNAs into translationally inactive short molecules. Viruses invading and replicating in host are also a source of dsRNAs and are recognized as such by cellular posttranscriptional silencing machinery leading to degradation of the pathogenic RNA. However, viruses are not totally defenseless. In parallel with evolving plant defense strategies, viruses have managed a wide range of multifunctional proteins that efficiently impede the posttranscriptional gene silencing. These viral counteracting factors are known as suppressors of RNA silencing. The aim of this review is to summarize the role and the mode of action of several functionally characterized RNA silencing suppressors encoded by RNA viruses directly involved in plant-pathogen interactions. Additionally, we point out that the widely diverse functions, structures, and modes of action of viral suppressors can be performed by different proteins, even in related viruses. All those adaptations have been evolved to achieve the same goal: to maximize the rate of viral genetic material replication by interrupting the evolutionary conserved plant defense mechanism of posttranscriptional gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Wieczorek
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, 20 Władysława Węgorka St, 60-318 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, 20 Władysława Węgorka St, 60-318 Poznań, Poland
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19
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Kampmeier T, Rehberg S, Ertmer C. Evolution of fluid therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2014; 28:207-16. [PMID: 25208956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human organism consists of evolutionary conserved mechanisms to prevent death from hypovolaemia. Intravenous fluid therapy to support these mechanisms had first been published about 180 years ago. The present review depicts the evolution of fluid therapy from early, not well-defined solutions up to modern balanced fluids. Notably, evidence accumulates that the most commonly used fluid (i.e. 0.9% saline) has no advantage over balanced solutions, increases the risk of acute kidney injury and should therefore be abandoned. Notably, in published trials, the prognostically important 'golden hours' of shock, where fluid therapy may be essential, have not been adequately addressed. It is therefore unclear whether negative data on colloids in some trials reflect real harm or rather inadequate use. Future studies should focus on optimal protocols for initiation, dosing and discontinuation of fluid therapy in specific disease entities. Moreover, the practice of de-resuscitation after fluid-based haemodynamic stabilization should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kampmeier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rehberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Ertmer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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20
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Reuter LJ, Bailey MJ, Joensuu JJ, Ritala A. Scale-up of hydrophobin-assisted recombinant protein production in tobacco BY-2 suspension cells. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:402-10. [PMID: 24341724 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant suspension cell cultures are emerging as an alternative to mammalian cells for production of complex recombinant proteins. Plant cell cultures provide low production cost, intrinsic safety and adherence to current regulations, but low yields and costly purification technology hinder their commercialization. Fungal hydrophobins have been utilized as fusion tags to improve yields and facilitate efficient low-cost purification by surfactant-based aqueous two-phase separation (ATPS) in plant, fungal and insect cells. In this work, we report the utilization of hydrophobin fusion technology in tobacco bright yellow 2 (BY-2) suspension cell platform and the establishment of pilot-scale propagation and downstream processing including first-step purification by ATPS. Green fluorescent protein-hydrophobin fusion (GFP-HFBI) induced the formation of protein bodies in tobacco suspension cells, thus encapsulating the fusion protein into discrete compartments. Cultivation of the BY-2 suspension cells was scaled up in standard stirred tank bioreactors up to 600 L production volume, with no apparent change in growth kinetics. Subsequently, ATPS was applied to selectively capture the GFP-HFBI product from crude cell lysate, resulting in threefold concentration, good purity and up to 60% recovery. The ATPS was scaled up to 20 L volume, without loss off efficiency. This study provides the first proof of concept for large-scale hydrophobin-assisted production of recombinant proteins in tobacco BY-2 cell suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri J Reuter
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
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21
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Hara M, Uchida S, Murata T, Wätzig H. Efficient purification of cryoprotective dehydrin protein from the radish (Raphanus sativus) taproot. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Chen Z, He Y, Shi B, Yang D. Human serum albumin from recombinant DNA technology: Challenges and strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5515-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Peyret H, Lomonossoff GP. The pEAQ vector series: the easy and quick way to produce recombinant proteins in plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:51-8. [PMID: 23479085 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pEAQ vectors are a series of plasmids designed to allow easy and quick production of recombinant proteins in plants. Their main feature is the use of the Cowpea Mosaic Virus hypertranslational "CPMV-HT" expression system, which provides high yields of recombinant protein through extremely high translational efficiency without the need for viral replication. Since their creation, the pEAQ vectors have been used to produce a wide variety of proteins in plants. Viral proteins and Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) have been of particular interest, but other types of proteins including active enzymes have also been expressed. While the pEAQ vectors have mostly been used in a transient expression context, through agroinfiltration of leaves, they have also been shown to be suitable for the production of stably transformed lines of both cell cultures and whole plants. This paper looks back on the genesis of the pEAQ vectors and reviews their use so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Peyret
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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Kuo YC, Tan CC, Ku JT, Hsu WC, Su SC, Lu CA, Huang LF. Improving pharmaceutical protein production in Oryza sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8719-39. [PMID: 23615467 PMCID: PMC3676753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14058719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of plant expression systems in the production of recombinant proteins has several advantages, such as low maintenance cost, absence of human pathogens, and possession of complex post-translational glycosylation capabilities. Plants have been successfully used to produce recombinant cytokines, vaccines, antibodies, and other proteins, and rice (Oryza sativa) is a potential plant used as recombinant protein expression system. After successful transformation, transgenic rice cells can be either regenerated into whole plants or grown as cell cultures that can be upscaled into bioreactors. This review summarizes recent advances in the production of different recombinant protein produced in rice and describes their production methods as well as methods to improve protein yield and quality. Glycosylation and its impact in plant development and protein production are discussed, and several methods of improving yield and quality that have not been incorporated in rice expression systems are also proposed. Finally, different bioreactor options are explored and their advantages are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Kuo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Chia-Chun Tan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Rd., Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jung-Ting Ku
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Wei-Cho Hsu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Sung-Chieh Su
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Chung-An Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Rd., Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Li-Fen Huang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
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Stable plastid transformation for high-level recombinant protein expression: promises and challenges. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:158232. [PMID: 23093835 PMCID: PMC3474547 DOI: 10.1155/2012/158232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are a promising expression system for the production of recombinant proteins. However, low protein productivity remains a major obstacle that limits extensive commercialization of whole plant and plant cell bioproduction platform. Plastid genetic engineering offers several advantages, including high levels of transgenic expression, transgenic containment via maternal inheritance, and multigene expression in a single transformation event. In recent years, the development of optimized expression strategies has given a huge boost to the exploitation of plastids in molecular farming. The driving forces behind the high expression level of plastid bioreactors include codon optimization, promoters and UTRs, genotypic modifications, endogenous enhancer and regulatory elements, posttranslational modification, and proteolysis. Exciting progress of the high expression level has been made with the plastid-based production of two particularly important classes of pharmaceuticals: vaccine antigens, therapeutic proteins, and antibiotics and enzymes. Approaches to overcome and solve the associated challenges of this culture system that include low transformation frequencies, the formation of inclusion bodies, and purification of recombinant proteins will also be discussed.
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26
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Navarre C, De Muynck B, Alves G, Vertommen D, Magy B, Boutry M. Identification, gene cloning and expression of serine proteases in the extracellular medium of Nicotiana tabacum cells. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:1959-68. [PMID: 22801865 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins secreted from plant suspension cells into the medium are susceptible to degradation by host proteases secreted during growth. Some degradation phenomena are inhibited in the presence of various protease inhibitors, such as EDTA or AEBSF/PMSF, suggesting the presence of different classes of proteases in the medium. Here, we report the results of a proteomic analysis of the extracellular medium of a Nicotiana tabacum bright yellow 2 culture. Several serine proteases belonging to a Solanaceae-specific subtilase subfamily were identified and the genes for four cloned. Their expression at the RNA level during culture growth varied depending on the gene. An in-gel protease assay (zymography) demonstrated serine protease activity in the extracellular medium from cultures. This was confirmed by testing the degradation of an antibody added to the culture medium. This particular subtilase subfamily, therefore, represents an interesting target for gene silencing to improve recombinant protein production. Key message The extracellular medium of Nicotiana tabacum suspension cells contains serine proteases that degrade antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Navarre
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, 1348, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
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27
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Larsen JS, Curtis WR. RNA viral vectors for improved Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of heterologous proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana cell suspensions and hairy roots. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:21. [PMID: 22559055 PMCID: PMC3403893 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant cell suspensions and hairy root cultures represent scalable protein expression platforms. Low protein product titers have thus far limited the application of transient protein expression in these hosts. The objective of this work was to overcome this limitation by harnessing A. tumefaciens to deliver replicating and non-replicating RNA viral vectors in plant tissue co-cultures. RESULTS Replicating vectors derived from Potato virus X (PVX) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) were modified to contain the reporter gene β-glucuronidase (GUS) with a plant intron to prevent bacterial expression. In cell suspensions, a minimal PVX vector retaining only the viral RNA polymerase gene yielded 6.6-fold more GUS than an analogous full-length PVX vector. Transient co-expression of the minimal PVX vector with P19 of Tomato bushy stunt virus or HC-Pro of Tobacco etch virus to suppress post-transcriptional gene silencing increased GUS expression by 44 and 83%, respectively. A non-replicating vector containing a leader sequence from Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV-HT) modified for enhanced translation led to 70% higher transient GUS expression than a control treatment. In hairy roots, a TRV vector capable of systemic movement increased GUS accumulation by 150-fold relative to the analogous PVX vector. Histochemical staining for GUS in TRV-infected hairy roots revealed the capacity for achieving even higher productivity per unit biomass. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, replicating PVX vectors and a non-replicating CPMV-HT vector were successfully applied toward transient heterologous protein expression in cell suspensions. A replicating TRV vector achieved transient GUS expression levels in hairy roots more than an order of magnitude higher than the highest level previously reported with a viral vector delivered by A. tumefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Larsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Wayne R Curtis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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Sainsbury F, Saxena P, Geisler K, Osbourn A, Lomonossoff GP. Using a virus-derived system to manipulate plant natural product biosynthetic pathways. Methods Enzymol 2012; 517:185-202. [PMID: 23084939 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404634-4.00009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of vectors (the pEAQ series) based on cowpea mosaic virus has been developed which allows the rapid transient expression of high levels of foreign protein in plants without the need for viral replication. The plasmids are small binary vectors, which are introduced into plant leaves by agroinfiltration. They are modular in design and allow the insertion of multiple coding sequences on the same segment of T-DNA. These properties make the pEAQ vectors particularly suitable for use in situations, such as the investigation and manipulation of metabolic pathways, where the coexpression of multiple proteins within a cell is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Sainsbury
- Département de Phytologie, Pavillon des Services, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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