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Liu B, Azfar M, Legchenko E, West JA, Martin S, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Wharton J, Howard L, Wilkins MR, Vangheluwe P, Morrell NW, Upton PD. ATP13A3 variants promote pulmonary arterial hypertension by disrupting polyamine transport. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:756-768. [PMID: 38626311 PMCID: PMC11135649 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Potential loss-of-function variants of ATP13A3, the gene encoding a P5B-type transport ATPase of undefined function, were recently identified in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). ATP13A3 is implicated in polyamine transport but its function has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we sought to determine the biological function of ATP13A3 in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and how PAH-associated variants may contribute to disease pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the impact of ATP13A3 deficiency and overexpression in EC models [human pulmonary ECs, blood outgrowth ECs (BOECs), and human microvascular EC 1], including a PAH patient-derived BOEC line harbouring an ATP13A3 variant (LK726X). We also generated mice harbouring an Atp13a3 variant analogous to a human disease-associated variant to establish whether these mice develop PAH. ATP13A3 localized to the recycling endosomes of human ECs. Knockdown of ATP13A3 in ECs generally reduced the basal polyamine content and altered the expression of enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism. Conversely, overexpression of wild-type ATP13A3 increased polyamine uptake. Functionally, loss of ATP13A3 was associated with reduced EC proliferation, increased apoptosis in serum starvation, and increased monolayer permeability to thrombin. The assessment of five PAH-associated missense ATP13A3 variants (L675V, M850I, V855M, R858H, and L956P) confirmed loss-of-function phenotypes represented by impaired polyamine transport and dysregulated EC function. Furthermore, mice carrying a heterozygous germline Atp13a3 frameshift variant representing a human variant spontaneously developed a PAH phenotype, with increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular remodelling, and muscularization of pulmonary vessels. CONCLUSION We identify ATP13A3 as a polyamine transporter controlling polyamine homeostasis in ECs, a deficiency of which leads to EC dysfunction and predisposes to PAH. This suggests a need for targeted therapies to alleviate the imbalances in polyamine homeostasis and EC dysfunction in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Section of Cardio and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, Papworth Road, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Mujahid Azfar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ekaterina Legchenko
- Section of Cardio and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, Papworth Road, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - James A West
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shaun Martin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1023, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1023, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1023, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - John Wharton
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, ICTEM Building, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Luke Howard
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, ICTEM Building, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, ICTEM Building, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Section of Cardio and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, Papworth Road, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Paul D Upton
- Section of Cardio and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, Papworth Road, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
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Zancanella V, Vallès A, Liefhebber JM, Paerels L, Tornero CV, Wattimury H, van der Zon T, van Rooijen K, Golinska M, Grevelink T, Ehlert E, Pieterman EJ, Keijzer N, Princen HMG, Stokman G, Liu YP. Proof-of-concept study for liver-directed miQURE technology in a dyslipidemic mouse model. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:454-467. [PMID: 37168797 PMCID: PMC10165407 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A gene-silencing platform (miQURE) has been developed and successfully used to deliver therapeutic microRNA (miRNA) to the brain, reducing levels of neurodegenerative disease-causing proteins/RNAs via RNA interference and improving the disease phenotype in animal models. This study evaluates the use of miQURE technology to deliver therapeutic miRNA for liver-specific indications. Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) was selected as the target mRNA because it is produced in the liver and because loss-of-function ANGPTL3 mutations and/or pharmacological inhibition of ANGPTL3 protein lowers lipid levels and reduces cardiovascular risk. Overall, 14 candidate miRNA constructs were tested in vitro, the most potent of which (miAngE) was further evaluated in mice. rAAV5-miAngE led to dose-dependent (≤-77%) decreases in Angptl3 mRNA in WT mice with ≤-90% reductions in plasma ANGPTL3 protein. In dyslipidemic APOE∗3-Leiden.CETP mice, AAV5-miAngE significantly reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels vs. vehicle and scrambled (miSCR) controls when administrated alone, with greater reductions when co-administered with lipid-lowering therapy (atorvastatin). A significant decrease in total atherosclerotic lesion area (-58% vs. miSCR) was observed in AAV5-miAngE-treated dyslipidemic mice, which corresponded with the maintenance of a non-diseased plaque phenotype and reduced lesion severity. These results support the development of this technology for liver-directed indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zancanella
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Vallès
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M.P. Liefhebber
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Paerels
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Vendrell Tornero
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrina Wattimury
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Zon
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel van Rooijen
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Golinska
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Grevelink
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erich Ehlert
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nanda Keijzer
- TNO Metabolic Health Research, Sylviusweg 71 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geurt Stokman
- TNO Metabolic Health Research, Sylviusweg 71 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Poi Liu
- uniQure biopharma B.V., Department of Research and Development, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Xing Y, Sui Z, Liu Y, Wang MM, Wei X, Lu Q, Wang X, Liu N, Lu C, Chen R, Wu M, Wang Y, Zhao YH, Guo F, Cao JL, Qi J, Wang W. Blunting TRPML1 channels protects myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by restoring impaired cardiomyocyte autophagy. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:20. [PMID: 35389129 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy dysfunction plays a critical role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underling mechanism of malfunctional autophagy in the cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R has not been well defined. As a result, there is no effective therapeutic option by targeting autophagy to prevent myocardial I/R injury. Here, we used both an in vitro and an in vivo I/R model to monitor autophagic flux in the cardiomyocytes, by exposing neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation and by subjecting mice to I/R, respectively. We observed that the autophagic flux in the cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R was blocked in both in vitro and in vivo models. Down-regulating a lysosomal cationic channel, TRPML1, markedly restored the blocked myocardial autophagic flux induced by I/R, demonstrating that TRPML1 directly contributes to the blocked autophagic flux in the cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R. Mechanistically, TRPML1 is activated secondary to ROS elevation following ischemia/reperfusion, which in turn induces the release of lysosomal zinc into the cytosol and ultimately blocks the autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes, presumably by disrupting the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. As a result, the inhibited myocardial autophagic flux induced by TRPML1 disrupted mitochondria turnover and resulted in mass accumulation of damaged mitochondria and further ROS release, which directly led to cardiomyocyte death. More importantly, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of TRPML1 channels greatly reduced infarct size and rescued heart function in mice subjected to I/R in vivo by restoring impaired myocardial autophagy. In summary, our study demonstrates that secondary to ROS elevation, activation of TRPML1 results in autophagy inhibition in the cardiomyocytes subjected to I/R, which directly leads to cardiomyocyte death by disrupting mitochondria turnover. Therefore, targeting TRPML1 represents a novel therapeutic strategy to protect against myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Xing
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongheng Sui
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangqing Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixia Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmei Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, 8128582, Japan
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiansong Qi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Protein phosphatase 2A holoenzymes regulate leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 phosphorylation and accumulation. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 157:105426. [PMID: 34144124 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LRRK2 is a highly phosphorylated multidomain protein and mutations in the gene encoding LRRK2 are a major genetic determinant of Parkinson's disease (PD). Dephosphorylation at LRRK2's S910/S935/S955/S973 phosphosite cluster is observed in several conditions including in sporadic PD brain, in several disease mutant forms of LRRK2 and after pharmacological LRRK2 kinase inhibition. However, the mechanism of LRRK2 dephosphorylation is poorly understood. We performed a phosphatome-wide reverse genetics screen to identify phosphatases involved in the dephosphorylation of the LRRK2 phosphosite S935. Candidate phosphatases selected from the primary screen were tested in mammalian cells, Xenopus oocytes and in vitro. Effects of PP2A on endogenous LRRK2 phosphorylation were examined via expression modulation with CRISPR/dCas9. Our screening revealed LRRK2 phosphorylation regulators linked to the PP1 and PP2A holoenzyme complexes as well as CDC25 phosphatases. We showed that dephosphorylation induced by different kinase inhibitor triggered relocalisation of phosphatases PP1 and PP2A in LRRK2 subcellular compartments in HEK-293 T cells. We also demonstrated that LRRK2 is an authentic substrate of PP2A both in vitro and in Xenopus oocytes. We singled out the PP2A holoenzyme PPP2CA:PPP2R2 as a powerful phosphoregulator of pS935-LRRK2. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this specific PP2A holoenzyme induces LRRK2 relocalization and triggers LRRK2 ubiquitination, suggesting its involvement in LRRK2 clearance. The identification of the PPP2CA:PPP2R2 complex regulating LRRK2 S910/S935/S955/S973 phosphorylation paves the way for studies refining PD therapeutic strategies that impact LRRK2 phosphorylation.
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5
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Pathogenic LRRK2 requires secondary factors to induce cellular toxicity. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226517. [PMID: 32975566 PMCID: PMC7560525 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene belong to the most common genetic causes of inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD) and variations in its locus increase the risk to develop sporadic PD. Extensive research efforts aimed at understanding how changes in the LRRK2 function result in molecular alterations that ultimately lead to PD. Cellular LRRK2-based models revealed several potential pathophysiological mechanisms including apoptotic cell death, LRRK2 protein accumulation and deficits in neurite outgrowth. However, highly variable outcomes between different cellular models have been reported. Here, we have investigated the effect of different experimental conditions, such as the use of different tags and gene transfer methods, in various cellular LRRK2 models. Readouts included cell death, sensitivity to oxidative stress, LRRK2 relocalization, α-synuclein aggregation and neurite outgrowth in cell culture, as well as neurite maintenance in vivo. We show that overexpression levels and/or the tag fused to LRRK2 affect the relocalization of LRRK2 to filamentous and skein-like structures. We found that overexpression of LRRK2 per se is not sufficient to induce cellular toxicity or to affect α-synuclein-induced toxicity and aggregate formation. Finally, neurite outgrowth/retraction experiments in cell lines and in vivo revealed that secondary, yet unknown, factors are required for the pathogenic LRRK2 effects on neurite length. Our findings stress the importance of technical and biological factors in LRRK2-induced cellular phenotypes and hence imply that conclusions based on these types of LRRK2-based assays should be interpreted with caution.
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Hamouda NN, Van den Haute C, Vanhoutte R, Sannerud R, Azfar M, Mayer R, Cortés Calabuig Á, Swinnen JV, Agostinis P, Baekelandt V, Annaert W, Impens F, Verhelst SHL, Eggermont J, Martin S, Vangheluwe P. ATP13A3 is a major component of the enigmatic mammalian polyamine transport system. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100182. [PMID: 33310703 PMCID: PMC7948421 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are physiologically important polycations, but the transporters responsible for their uptake in mammalian cells remain poorly characterized. Here, we reveal a new component of the mammalian polyamine transport system using CHO-MG cells, a widely used model to study alternative polyamine uptake routes and characterize polyamine transport inhibitors for therapy. CHO-MG cells present polyamine uptake deficiency and resistance to a toxic polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), but the molecular defects responsible for these cellular characteristics remain unknown. By genome sequencing of CHO-MG cells, we identified mutations in an unexplored gene, ATP13A3, and found disturbed mRNA and protein expression. ATP13A3 encodes for an orphan P5B-ATPase (ATP13A3), a P-type transport ATPase that represents a candidate polyamine transporter. Interestingly, ATP13A3 complemented the putrescine transport deficiency and MGBG resistance of CHO-MG cells, whereas its knockdown in WT cells induced a CHO-MG phenotype demonstrated as a decrease in putrescine uptake and MGBG sensitivity. Taken together, our findings identify ATP13A3, which has been previously genetically linked with pulmonary arterial hypertension, as a major component of the mammalian polyamine transport system that confers sensitivity to MGBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norin Nabil Hamouda
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roeland Vanhoutte
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ragna Sannerud
- VIB-KU Leuven Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mujahid Azfar
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rupert Mayer
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research & Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- VIB-KU Leuven Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Chemical Proteomics, Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences ISAS, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaun Martin
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Mutated ATP10B increases Parkinson's disease risk by compromising lysosomal glucosylceramide export. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:1001-1024. [PMID: 32172343 PMCID: PMC7244618 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease presenting with a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms, loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the occurrence of α-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies in surviving neurons. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing in 52 early-onset PD patients and identified 3 carriers of compound heterozygous mutations in the ATP10B P4-type ATPase gene. Genetic screening of a Belgian PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) cohort identified 4 additional compound heterozygous mutation carriers (6/617 PD patients, 0.97%; 1/226 DLB patients, 0.44%). We established that ATP10B encodes a late endo-lysosomal lipid flippase that translocates the lipids glucosylceramide (GluCer) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) towards the cytosolic membrane leaflet. The PD associated ATP10B mutants are catalytically inactive and fail to provide cellular protection against the environmental PD risk factors rotenone and manganese. In isolated cortical neurons, loss of ATP10B leads to general lysosomal dysfunction and cell death. Impaired lysosomal functionality and integrity is well known to be implicated in PD pathology and linked to multiple causal PD genes and genetic risk factors. Our results indicate that recessive loss of function mutations in ATP10B increase risk for PD by disturbed lysosomal export of GluCer and PC. Both ATP10B and glucocerebrosidase 1, encoded by the PD risk gene GBA1, reduce lysosomal GluCer levels, emerging lysosomal GluCer accumulation as a potential PD driver.
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Fan J, Feng Y, Zhang R, Zhang W, Shu Y, Zeng Z, Huang S, Zhang L, Huang B, Wu D, Zhang B, Wang X, Lei Y, Ye Z, Zhao L, Cao D, Yang L, Chen X, Liu B, Wagstaff W, He F, Wu X, Zhang J, Moriatis Wolf J, Lee MJ, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Huang A, He TC, Yan S. A simplified system for the effective expression and delivery of functional mature microRNAs in mammalian cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:424-437. [PMID: 31222181 PMCID: PMC6923634 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22 nucleotide noncoding RNAs that are involved in virtually all aspects of cellular process as their deregulations are associated with many pathological conditions. Mature miRNAs (mMIRs) are generated through a series of tightly-regulated nuclear and cytoplasmic processing events of the transcribed primary, precursor and mMIRs. Effective manipulations of miRNA expression enable us to gain insights into miRNA functions and to explore potential therapeutic applications. Currently, overexpression of miRNAs is achieved by using chemically-synthesized miRNA mimics, or shRNA-like stem-loop vectors to express primary or precursor miRNAs, which are limited by low transfection efficacy or rate-limiting miRNA processing. To overcome rate-limiting miRNA processing, we developed a novel strategy to express mMIRs which are driven by converging U6/H1 dual promoters. As a proof-of-concept study, we constructed mMIR expression vectors for hsa-miR-223 and hsa-Let-7a-1, and demonstrated that the expressed mMIRs effectively silenced target gene expression, specifically suppressed miRNA reporter activity, and significantly affected cell proliferation, similar to respective primary and precursor miRNAs. Furthermore, these mMIR expression vectors can be easily converted into retroviral and adenoviral vectors. Collectively, our simplified mMIR expression system should be a valuable tool to study miRNA functions and/or to deliver miRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yixiao Feng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 550001, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shifeng Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Linghuan Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Surgery of Gansu Province, and the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First and Second Hospitals of Lanzhou University, 730030, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yan Lei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenyu Ye
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Daigui Cao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, 400021, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Surgery of Gansu Province, and the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First and Second Hospitals of Lanzhou University, 730030, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266061, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Fang He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ailong Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital and Guizhou University, 550004, Guiyang, China.
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9
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ATP13A2 deficiency disrupts lysosomal polyamine export. Nature 2020; 578:419-424. [PMID: 31996848 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ATP13A2 (PARK9) is a late endolysosomal transporter that is genetically implicated in a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including Kufor-Rakeb syndrome-a parkinsonism with dementia1-and early-onset Parkinson's disease2. ATP13A2 offers protection against genetic and environmental risk factors of Parkinson's disease, whereas loss of ATP13A2 compromises lysosomes3. However, the transport function of ATP13A2 in lysosomes remains unclear. Here we establish ATP13A2 as a lysosomal polyamine exporter that shows the highest affinity for spermine among the polyamines examined. Polyamines stimulate the activity of purified ATP13A2, whereas ATP13A2 mutants that are implicated in disease are functionally impaired to a degree that correlates with the disease phenotype. ATP13A2 promotes the cellular uptake of polyamines by endocytosis and transports them into the cytosol, highlighting a role for endolysosomes in the uptake of polyamines into cells. At high concentrations polyamines induce cell toxicity, which is exacerbated by ATP13A2 loss due to lysosomal dysfunction, lysosomal rupture and cathepsin B activation. This phenotype is recapitulated in neurons and nematodes with impaired expression of ATP13A2 or its orthologues. We present defective lysosomal polyamine export as a mechanism for lysosome-dependent cell death that may be implicated in neurodegeneration, and shed light on the molecular identity of the mammalian polyamine transport system.
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10
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Rousset F, Salmon P, Bredl S, Cherpin O, Coelho M, Myburgh R, Alessandrini M, Perny M, Roccio M, Speck RF, Senn P, Krause KH. Optimizing Synthetic miRNA Minigene Architecture for Efficient miRNA Hairpin Concatenation and Multi-target Gene Knockdown. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 14:351-363. [PMID: 30665184 PMCID: PMC6350225 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic microRNA (miRNA) minigenes (SMIGs) have a major potential for molecular therapy; however, their optimal architecture still needs to be determined. We have previously optimized the stem structure of miRNA hairpins for efficient gene knockdown. Here, we investigate the overall architecture of SMIGs driven by polymerase II-dependent promoters. When miRNA hairpins were placed directly behind the promoter, gene knockdown was inefficient as compared with constructs containing an intercalated sequence (“spacer”). Spacer sequence was relevant for knockdown efficiency and concatenation potential: GFP-based sequences (even when truncated or including stop codons) were particularly efficient. In contrast, a spacer of similar length based on a CD4 intronic sequence was entirely inefficient. Spacer sequences influenced miRNA steady-state levels without affecting transcript stability. We demonstrate that with an optimized spacer, up to five concatenated hairpins targeting two different genes are efficiently expressed and able to knock down their respective targets. Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells containing a CCR5 knockdown SMIG demonstrated a sustained in vivo efficacy of our approach. In summary, we have defined features that optimize SMIG efficiency. Based on these results, optimized knockdown of genes of interest, such as the HIV co-receptor CCR5 and the NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox, was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Rousset
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Salmon
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bredl
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ophélie Cherpin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Coelho
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renier Myburgh
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Perny
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inselspital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marta Roccio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inselspital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roberto F Speck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Senn
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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11
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Weydert C, van Heertum B, Dirix L, De Houwer S, De Wit F, Mast J, Husson SJ, Busschots K, König R, Gijsbers R, De Rijck J, Debyser Z. Y-box-binding protein 1 supports the early and late steps of HIV replication. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200080. [PMID: 29995936 PMCID: PMC6040738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) depends on cellular proteins, so-called cofactors, to complete its replication cycle. In search for new therapeutic targets we identified the DNA and RNA binding protein Y-box-binding Protein 1 (YB-1) as a cofactor supporting early and late steps of HIV replication. YB-1 depletion resulted in a 10-fold decrease in HIV-1 replication in different cell lines. Dissection of the replication defects revealed that knockdown of YB-1 is associated with a 2- to 5-fold decrease in virion production due to interference with the viral RNA metabolism. Using single-round virus infection experiments we demonstrated that early HIV-1 replication also depends on the cellular YB-1 levels. More precisely, using quantitative PCR and an in vivo nuclear import assay with fluorescently labeled viral particles, we showed that YB-1 knockdown leads to a block between reverse transcription and nuclear import of HIV-1. Interaction studies revealed that YB-1 associates with integrase, although a direct interaction with HIV integrase could not be unambiguously proven. In conclusion, our results indicate that YB-1 affects multiple stages of HIV replication. Future research on the interaction between YB-1 and the virus will reveal whether this protein qualifies as a new antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Weydert
- Division of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart van Heertum
- Division of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Dirix
- Division of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie De Houwer
- Division of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flore De Wit
- Division of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Mast
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, VAR-CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven J. Husson
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Systemic Physiological & Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katrien Busschots
- Division of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen-Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Division of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan De Rijck
- Division of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Division of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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12
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Du X, Cai Y, Xi W, Zhang R, Jia L, Yang A, Zhao J, Yan B. Multi‑target inhibition by four tandem shRNAs embedded in homo‑ or hetero‑miRNA backbones. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:307-314. [PMID: 29115602 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional influence of microRNA (miRNA)backbone selection remains unclear with respect to multiplexing miRNA‑based short hairpin RNAs (shRNAmiRs), due to a lack of comparative studies. To this end, a pair of shRNAmiR tetramers were designed in the present study that targeted four genes with a shared miR30a backbone (homo‑BB) or four miRNA backbones (hetero‑BB). A PBLT+ 293A cell line overexpressing four targets was established, which permitted simultaneous dissection of individual gene knockdown. Multi‑target inhibition was confirmed by a decrease in positive cell populations of the relative gene and mean fluorescence intensities, with almost comparable activities of homo‑ and hetero‑BB tetramers. Of note, this multi‑inhibition was sustained over a 1‑month period, with no notable difference, particularly in the late‑phased inhibitory effects between homo‑ and hetero‑BB tetra‑shRNA miRs. These preliminary data may indicate little influence of scaffold substitution in the functionalities of multiplexed shRNAmiRs and little recombination‑depleted risk of repetitively adopting the same miRNA backbone in this artificial in vitro system. More comparative studies are further required to explore extended repertoires of scaffold‑paralleled multi‑shRNAmiRs in more physiologically relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Xi
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Angang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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13
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Adams FF, Heckl D, Hoffmann T, Talbot SR, Kloos A, Thol F, Heuser M, Zuber J, Schambach A, Schwarzer A. An optimized lentiviral vector system for conditional RNAi and efficient cloning of microRNA embedded short hairpin RNA libraries. Biomaterials 2017; 139:102-115. [PMID: 28599149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR-Cas9-based screening systems have emerged as powerful and complementary tools to unravel genetic dependencies through systematic gain- and loss-of-function studies. In recent years, a series of technical advances helped to enhance the performance of virally delivered RNAi. For instance, the incorporation of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) into endogenous microRNA contexts (shRNAmiRs) allows the use of Tet-regulated promoters for synchronous onset of gene knockdown and precise interrogation of gene dosage effects. However, remaining challenges include lack of efficient cloning strategies, inconsistent knockdown potencies and leaky expression. Here, we present a simple, one-step cloning approach for rapid and efficient cloning of miR-30 shRNAmiR libraries. We combined a human miR-30 backbone retaining native flanking sequences with an optimized all-in-one lentiviral vector system for conditional RNAi to generate a versatile toolbox characterized by higher doxycycline sensitivity, reduced leakiness and enhanced titer. Furthermore, refinement of existing shRNA design rules resulted in substantially improved prediction of powerful shRNAs. Our approach was validated by accurate quantification of the knockdown potency of over 250 single shRNAmiRs. To facilitate access and use by the scientific community, an online tool was developed for the automated design of refined shRNA-coding oligonucleotides ready for cloning into our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix F Adams
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Kloos
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Felicitas Thol
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Wang T, Xie Y, Tan A, Li S, Xie Z. Construction and Characterization of a Synthetic MicroRNA Cluster for Multiplex RNA Interference in Mammalian Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1193-1200. [PMID: 26639786 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology is widely used in basic and translational research. By mimicking a natural primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) cluster, multiple engineered hairpins can be transcribed as a single transcript from the same Pol II promoter, enabling the formation of multiplex RNAi in mammalian cells. However, constructing a synthetic miRNA cluster is still time-consuming, and the processing and function of a miRNA cluster are incompletely understood. Here, we identified a miRNA precursor architecture that allows precise miRNA maturation. We established a hierarchical cloning method for the efficient construction of a synthetic miRNA cluster harboring up to 18 miRNA precursors. We demonstrated that the maturation and function of individual miRNA precursors were independent of their positions in the cluster. We then analyzed the integration efficiency of miRNA clusters having a varied number of miRNA precursors by using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated integration, a piggyBac transposon system, and a lentiviral system. This synthetic miRNA cluster system provides an important tool for multiplex RNAi in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory
of Bioinformatics
and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology,
TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory
of Bioinformatics
and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology,
TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aidi Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory
of Bioinformatics
and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology,
TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory
of Bioinformatics
and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology,
TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory
of Bioinformatics
and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology,
TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Towards a Safer, More Randomized Lentiviral Vector Integration Profile Exploring Artificial LEDGF Chimeras. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164167. [PMID: 27788138 PMCID: PMC5082951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity to integrate transgenes into the host cell genome makes retroviral vectors an interesting tool for gene therapy. Although stable insertion resulted in successful correction of several monogenic disorders, it also accounts for insertional mutagenesis, a major setback in otherwise successful clinical gene therapy trials due to leukemia development in a subset of treated patients. Despite improvements in vector design, their use is still not risk-free. Lentiviral vector (LV) integration is directed into active transcription units by LEDGF/p75, a host-cell protein co-opted by the viral integrase. We engineered LEDGF/p75-based hybrid tethers in an effort to elicit a more random integration pattern to increase biosafety, and potentially reduce proto-oncogene activation. We therefore truncated LEDGF/p75 by deleting the N-terminal chromatin-reading PWWP-domain, and replaced this domain with alternative pan-chromatin binding peptides. Expression of these LEDGF-hybrids in LEDGF-depleted cells efficiently rescued LV transduction and resulted in LV integrations that distributed more randomly throughout the host-cell genome. In addition, when considering safe harbor criteria, LV integration sites for these LEDGF-hybrids distributed more safely compared to LEDGF/p75-mediated integration in wild-type cells. This approach should be broadly applicable to introduce therapeutic or suicide genes for cell therapy, such as patient-specific iPS cells.
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16
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Vranckx LS, Demeulemeester J, Saleh S, Boll A, Vansant G, Schrijvers R, Weydert C, Battivelli E, Verdin E, Cereseto A, Christ F, Gijsbers R, Debyser Z. LEDGIN-mediated Inhibition of Integrase-LEDGF/p75 Interaction Reduces Reactivation of Residual Latent HIV. EBioMedicine 2016; 8:248-264. [PMID: 27428435 PMCID: PMC4919729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of latent, replication-competent Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus is the main impediment towards a cure for HIV/AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Therefore, different therapeutic strategies to eliminate the viral reservoirs are currently being explored. We here propose a novel strategy to reduce the replicating HIV reservoir during primary HIV infection by means of drug-induced retargeting of HIV integration. A novel class of integration inhibitors, referred to as LEDGINs, inhibit the interaction between HIV integrase and the LEDGF/p75 host cofactor, the main determinant of lentiviral integration site selection. We show for the first time that LEDGF/p75 depletion hampers HIV-1 reactivation in cell culture. Next we demonstrate that LEDGINs relocate and retarget HIV integration resulting in a HIV reservoir that is refractory to reactivation by different latency-reversing agents. Taken together, these results support the potential of integrase inhibitors that modulate integration site targeting to reduce the likeliness of viral rebound. LEDGF/p75 depletion hampers HIV reactivation in cell culture. LEDGINs relocate and retarget authentic HIV integration. LEDGIN treatment results in quiescent residual HIV provirus which is less susceptible to reactivation. LEDGIN treatment during primary HIV infection may lead to an HIV remission.
Different strategies to cure HIV infection are being explored. Although complete eradication of the HIV provirus is the ultimate goal, disease remission allowing treatment interruption without viral rebound would constitute a significant leap forward. HIV integration site selection is orchestrated by LEDGF/p75. The advent of LEDGINs, that block the interaction between integrase and LEDGF/p75, allowed us to examine the hypothesis that interference with HIV integration site selection would yield integration sites that are less optimal for productive infection. Here we provide evidence in cell culture that LEDGIN treatment during acute HIV infection yields an HIV reservoir refractory to reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenard S Vranckx
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 VTCB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 VTCB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Suha Saleh
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 VTCB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Annegret Boll
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Gerlinde Vansant
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 VTCB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 VTCB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Caroline Weydert
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 VTCB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Emilie Battivelli
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, 1650 Owens St., 94158 San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, 1650 Owens St., 94158 San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Anna Cereseto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Frauke Christ
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 VTCB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 VTCB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 VTCB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
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17
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Fowler DK, Williams C, Gerritsen AT, Washbourne P. Improved knockdown from artificial microRNAs in an enhanced miR-155 backbone: a designer's guide to potent multi-target RNAi. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:e48. [PMID: 26582923 PMCID: PMC4797272 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial microRNA (amiRNA) sequences embedded in natural microRNA (miRNA) backbones have proven to be useful tools for RNA interference (RNAi). amiRNAs have reduced off-target and toxic effects compared to other RNAi-based methods such as short-hairpin RNAs (shRNA). amiRNAs are often less effective for knockdown, however, compared to their shRNA counterparts. We screened a large empirically-designed amiRNA set in the synthetic inhibitory BIC/miR-155 RNA (SIBR) scaffold and show common structural and sequence-specific features associated with effective amiRNAs. We then introduced exogenous motifs into the basal stem region which increase amiRNA biogenesis and knockdown potency. We call this modified backbone the enhanced SIBR (eSIBR) scaffold. Using chained amiRNAs for multi-gene knockdown, we show that concatenation of miRNAs targeting different genes is itself sufficient for increased knockdown efficacy. Further, we show that eSIBR outperforms wild-type SIBR (wtSIBR) when amiRNAs are chained. Finally, we use a lentiviral expression system in cultured neurons, where we again find that eSIBR amiRNAs are more potent for multi-target knockdown of endogenous genes. eSIBR will be a valuable tool for RNAi approaches, especially for studies where knockdown of multiple targets is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Fowler
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Carly Williams
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Alida T Gerritsen
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Philip Washbourne
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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18
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Abstract
ATP13A2 is a lysosomal P-type transport ATPase that has been implicated in Kufor-Rakeb syndrome and Parkinson's disease (PD), providing protection against α-synuclein, Mn(2+), and Zn(2+) toxicity in various model systems. So far, the molecular function and regulation of ATP13A2 remains undetermined. Here, we demonstrate that ATP13A2 contains a unique N-terminal hydrophobic extension that lies on the cytosolic membrane surface of the lysosome, where it interacts with the lysosomal signaling lipids phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylinositol(3,5)bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]. We further demonstrate that ATP13A2 accumulates in an inactive autophosphorylated state and that PA and PI(3,5)P2 stimulate the autophosphorylation of ATP13A2. In a cellular model of PD, only catalytically active ATP13A2 offers cellular protection against rotenone-induced mitochondrial stress, which relies on the availability of PA and PI(3,5)P2. Thus, the N-terminal binding of PA and PI(3,5)P2 emerges as a key to unlock the activity of ATP13A2, which may offer a therapeutic strategy to activate ATP13A2 and thereby reduce α-synuclein toxicity or mitochondrial stress in PD or related disorders.
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19
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Van Rompuy AS, Oliveras-Salvá M, Van der Perren A, Corti O, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. Nigral overexpression of alpha-synuclein in the absence of parkin enhances alpha-synuclein phosphorylation but does not modulate dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:23. [PMID: 26099628 PMCID: PMC4477319 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-synuclein is a key protein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Mutations in the parkin gene are the most common cause of early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease, probably through a loss-of-function mechanism. However, the molecular mechanism by which loss of parkin function leads to the development of the disease and the role of alpha-synuclein in parkin-associated Parkinson's disease is still not elucidated. Conflicting results were reported about the effect of the absence of parkin on alpha-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity using a transgenic approach. In this study, we investigated the effect of loss of parkin on alpha-synuclein neuropathology and toxicity in adult rodent brain using viral vectors. Therefore, we overexpressed human wild type alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra of parkin knockout and wild type mice using two different doses of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors. RESULTS No difference was observed in nigral dopaminergic cell loss between the parkin knockout mice and wild type mice up to 16 weeks after viral vector injection. However, the level of alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine residue 129 in the substantia nigra was significantly increased in the parkin knockout mice compared to the wild type mice while the total expression level of alpha-synuclein was similar in both groups. The increased alpha-synuclein phosphorylation was confirmed in a parkin knockdown cell line. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a functional relationship between parkin and alpha-synuclein phosphorylation in rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Van Rompuy
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Marusela Oliveras-Salvá
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Olga Corti
- Inserm, U 975, CRICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France. .,UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S975, F-75013, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium. .,Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
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20
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Sustained inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication in vivo using RNAi-activating lentiviruses. Gene Ther 2014; 22:163-71. [PMID: 25338920 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) puts individuals at high risk for complicating cirrhosis and liver cancer, but available treatment to counter the virus rarely eliminates infection. Although harnessing RNA interference (RNAi) to silence HBV genes has shown the potential, achieving efficient and durable silencing of viral genes remains an important goal. Here we report on the propagation of lentiviral vectors (LVs) that successfully deliver HBV-targeting RNAi activators to liver cells. Mono- and tricistronic artificial primary microRNAs (pri-miRs) derived from pri-miR-31, placed under transcriptional control of the liver-specific modified murine transthyretin (mTTR) promoter, caused efficient inhibition of HBV replication markers. The tricistronic cassette was capable of silencing a mutant viral target and the effects were observed without disrupting the function of an endogenous miR (miR-16). The mTTR promoter stably expressed a reporter transgene in mouse livers over a study period of 1 year. Good silencing of HBV genes, without evidence of toxicity, was demonstrated following intravenous injection of LVs into neonatal HBV transgenic mice. Collectively, these data indicate that LVs may achieve sustained inhibition of HBV replication that is appealing for their therapeutic use.
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21
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Reyniers L, Del Giudice MG, Civiero L, Belluzzi E, Lobbestael E, Beilina A, Arrigoni G, Derua R, Waelkens E, Li Y, Crosio C, Iaccarino C, Cookson MR, Baekelandt V, Greggio E, Taymans JM. Differential protein-protein interactions of LRRK1 and LRRK2 indicate roles in distinct cellular signaling pathways. J Neurochem 2014; 131:239-50. [PMID: 24947832 PMCID: PMC4272680 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies show that LRRK2, and not its closest paralogue LRRK1, is linked to Parkinson's disease. To gain insight into the molecular and cellular basis of this discrepancy, we searched for LRRK1- and LRRK2-specific cellular processes by identifying their distinct interacting proteins. A protein microarray-based interaction screen was performed with recombinant 3xFlag-LRRK1 and 3xFlag-LRRK2 and, in parallel, co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry was performed from SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines stably expressing 3xFlag-LRRK1 or 3xFlag-LRRK2. We identified a set of LRRK1- and LRRK2-specific as well as common interactors. One of our most prominent findings was that both screens pointed to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) as a LRRK1-specific interactor, while 14-3-3 proteins were LRRK2-specific. This is consistent with phosphosite mapping of LRRK1, revealing phosphosites outside of 14-3-3 consensus binding motifs. To assess the functional relevance of these interactions, SH-SY5Y-LRRK1 and -LRRK2 cell lines were treated with LRRK2 kinase inhibitors that disrupt 14-3-3 binding, or with EGF, an EGF-R agonist. Redistribution of LRRK2, not LRRK1, from diffuse cytoplasmic to filamentous aggregates was observed after inhibitor treatment. Similarly, EGF induced translocation of LRRK1, but not of LRRK2, to endosomes. Our study confirms that LRRK1 and LRRK2 can carry out distinct functions by interacting with different cellular proteins. LRRK1 and LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase) interaction partners were identified by two different protein-protein interaction screens. These confirmed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGR-R) as a LRRK1-specific interactor, while 14-3-3 proteins were LRRK2-specific. Functional analysis of these interactions and the pathways they mediate shows that LRRK1 and LRRK2 signaling do not intersect, reflective of the differential role of both LRRKs in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauran Reyniers
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Laura Civiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Evy Lobbestael
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Beilina
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Proteomics Center of Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Rita Derua
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of protein phosphorylation and proteomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of protein phosphorylation and proteomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yan Li
- Protein/Peptide Sequencing Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia Crosio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciro Iaccarino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Taymans
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Oliveras-Salvá M, Macchi F, Coessens V, Deleersnijder A, Gérard M, Van der Perren A, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. Alpha-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration is exacerbated in PINK1 knockout mice. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2625-2636. [PMID: 25037286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the PINK1 gene lead to recessive forms of Parkinson's disease. Animal models with depleted PINK1 expression have failed to reproduce significant nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration and clear alpha-synuclein pathology, main characteristics of the disease. In this study, we investigated whether alpha-synuclein pathology is altered in the absence of PINK1 in cell culture and in vivo. We observed that downregulation of PINK1 enhanced alpha-synuclein aggregation and apoptosis in a neuronal cell culture model for synucleinopathy. Silencing of PINK1 expression in mouse substantia nigra using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors did not induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a long-term study up to 10 months, nor did it enhance or accelerate dopaminergic neurodegeneration after alpha-synuclein overexpression. However, in PINK1 knockout mice, overexpression of alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra resulted in enhanced dopaminergic neurodegeneration as well as significantly higher levels of alpha-synuclein phosphorylation at serine 129 at 4 weeks postinjection. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that total loss of PINK1 leads to an increased sensitivity to alpha-synuclein-induced neuropathology and cell death in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marusela Oliveras-Salvá
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Macchi
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Coessens
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angélique Deleersnijder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Research Centre KU Leuven-Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Melanie Gérard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Research Centre KU Leuven-Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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