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Liu B, Azfar M, Legchenko E, West JA, Martin S, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Wharton J, Howard L, Wilkins MR, Vangheluwe P, Morrell NW, Upton PD. ATP13A3 variants promote pulmonary arterial hypertension by disrupting polyamine transport. Cardiovasc Res 2024:cvae068. [PMID: 38626311 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Potential loss-of-function variants of ATP13A3, the gene encoding a P5B-type transport ATPase of undefined function, were recently identified in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. ATP13A3 is implicated in polyamine transport but its function has not been fully elucidated. Here, we sought to determine the biological function of ATP13A3 in vascular endothelial cells and how PAH-associated variants may contribute to disease pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the impact of ATP13A3 deficiency and overexpression in endothelial cell (EC) models (human pulmonary ECs, blood outgrowth ECs (BOECs) and HMEC-1 cells), including a PAH patient-derived BOEC line harbouring an ATP13A3 variant (LK726X). We also generated mice harbouring an Atp13a3 variant analogous to a human disease-associated variant to establish whether these mice develop PAH.ATP13A3 localised to the recycling endosomes of human ECs. Knockdown of ATP13A3 in ECs generally reduced the basal polyamine content and altered the expression of enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism. Conversely, overexpression of wild-type ATP13A3 increased polyamine uptake. Functionally, loss of ATP13A3 was associated with reduced EC proliferation, increased apoptosis in serum starvation and increased monolayer permeability to thrombin. Assessment of five PAH-associated missense ATP13A3 variants (L675V, M850I, V855M, R858H, L956P) confirmed loss-of-function phenotypes represented by impaired polyamine transport and dysregulated EC function. Furthermore, mice carrying a heterozygous germ-line Atp13a3 frameshift variant representing a human variant spontaneously developed a PAH phenotype, with increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular remodelling and muscularisation of pulmonary vessels. CONCLUSION We identify ATP13A3 as a polyamine transporter controlling polyamine homeostasis in ECs, deficiency of which leads to EC dysfunction and predisposes to PAH. This suggests a need for targeted therapies to alleviate the imbalances in polyamine homeostasis and EC dysfunction in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Section of Cardio and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mujahid Azfar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ekaterina Legchenko
- Section of Cardio and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - James A West
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shaun Martin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John Wharton
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Luke Howard
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Section of Cardio and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D Upton
- Section of Cardio and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Wouters R, Beletchi I, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Martin S, Eggermont J, Vangheluwe P. The lipid flippase ATP10B enables cellular lipid uptake under stress conditions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119652. [PMID: 38086447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic ATP10B variants have been described in patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy body disease, and we previously established ATP10B as a late endo-/lysosomal lipid flippase transporting both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and glucosylceramide (GluCer) from the lysosomal exoplasmic to cytoplasmic membrane leaflet. Since several other lipid flippases regulate cellular lipid uptake, we here examined whether also ATP10B impacts cellular lipid uptake. Transient co-expression of ATP10B with its obligatory subunit CDC50A stimulated the uptake of fluorescently (NBD-) labeled PC in HeLa cells. This uptake is dependent on the transport function of ATP10B, is impaired by disease-associated variants and appears specific for NBD-PC. Uptake of non-ATP10B substrates, such as NBD-sphingomyelin or NBD-phosphatidylethanolamine is not increased. Remarkably, in stable cell lines co-expressing ATP10B/CDC50A we only observed increased NBD-PC uptake following treatment with rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that induces transport-dependent ATP10B phenotypes. Conversely, Im95m and WM-115 cells with endogenous ATP10B expression, present a decreased NBD-PC uptake following ATP10B knockdown, an effect that is exacerbated under rotenone stress. Our data show that the endo-/lysosomal lipid flippase ATP10B contributes to cellular PC uptake under specific cell stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Wouters
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Igor Beletchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Research Group for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaun Martin
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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3
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Cabezudo D, Tsafaras G, Van Acker E, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. Mutant LRRK2 exacerbates immune response and neurodegeneration in a chronic model of experimental colitis. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:245-261. [PMID: 37289222 PMCID: PMC10328902 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The link between the gut and the brain in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis is currently a subject of intense research. Indeed, gastrointestinal dysfunction is known as an early symptom in PD and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has recently been recognised as a risk factor for PD. The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a PD- and IBD-related protein with highest expression in immune cells. In this study, we provide evidence for a central role of LRRK2 in gut inflammation and PD. The presence of the gain-of-function G2019S mutation significantly increases the disease phenotype and inflammatory response in a mouse model of experimental colitis based on chronic dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) administration. Bone marrow transplantation of wild-type cells into G2019S knock-in mice fully rescued this exacerbated response, proving the key role of mutant LRRK2 in immune cells in this experimental colitis model. Furthermore, partial pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity also reduced the colitis phenotype and inflammation. Moreover, chronic experimental colitis also induced neuroinflammation and infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain of G2019S knock-in mice. Finally, combination of experimental colitis with overexpression of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra aggravated motor deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in G2019S knock-in mice. Taken together, our results link LRRK2 with the immune response in colitis and provide evidence that gut inflammation can impact brain homeostasis and contribute to neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cabezudo
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - George Tsafaras
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Acker
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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van Veen S, Kourti A, Ausloos E, Van Asselberghs J, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Eggermont J, Vangheluwe P. ATP13A4 Upregulation Drives the Elevated Polyamine Transport System in the Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF7. Biomolecules 2023; 13:918. [PMID: 37371498 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamine homeostasis is disturbed in several human diseases, including cancer, which is hallmarked by increased intracellular polyamine levels and an upregulated polyamine transport system (PTS). Thus far, the polyamine transporters contributing to the elevated levels of polyamines in cancer cells have not yet been described, despite the fact that polyamine transport inhibitors are considered for cancer therapy. Here, we tested whether the upregulation of candidate polyamine transporters of the P5B transport ATPase family is responsible for the increased PTS in the well-studied breast cancer cell line MCF7 compared to the non-tumorigenic epithelial breast cell line MCF10A. We found that MCF7 cells presented elevated expression of a previously uncharacterized P5B-ATPase, ATP13A4, which was responsible for the elevated polyamine uptake activity. Furthermore, MCF7 cells were more sensitive to polyamine cytotoxicity, as demonstrated by cell viability, cell death and clonogenic assays. Importantly, the overexpression of ATP13A4 WT in MCF10A cells induced a MCF7 polyamine phenotype, with significantly higher uptake of BODIPY-labeled polyamines and increased sensitivity to polyamine toxicity. In conclusion, we established ATP13A4 as a new polyamine transporter in the human PTS and showed that ATP13A4 may play a major role in the increased polyamine uptake of breast cancer cells. ATP13A4 therefore emerges as a candidate therapeutic target for anticancer drugs that block the PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah van Veen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antria Kourti
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Ausloos
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Asselberghs
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Peelaerts W, Mercado G, George S, Villumsen M, Kasen A, Aguileta M, Linstow C, Sutter AB, Kuhn E, Stetzik L, Sheridan R, Bergkvist L, Meyerdirk L, Lindqvist A, Gavis MLE, Van den Haute C, Hultgren SJ, Baekelandt V, Pospisilik JA, Brudek T, Aznar S, Steiner JA, Henderson MX, Brundin L, Ivanova MI, Hannan TJ, Brundin P. Urinary tract infections trigger synucleinopathy via the innate immune response. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:541-559. [PMID: 36991261 PMCID: PMC10119259 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms in the urogenital organs are common in multiple system atrophy (MSA), also in the years preceding the MSA diagnosis. It is unknown how MSA is triggered and these observations in prodromal MSA led us to hypothesize that synucleinopathy could be triggered by infection of the genitourinary tract causing ɑ-synuclein (ɑSyn) to aggregate in peripheral nerves innervating these organs. As a first proof that peripheral infections could act as a trigger in MSA, this study focused on lower urinary tract infections (UTIs), given the relevance and high frequency of UTIs in prodromal MSA, although other types of infection might also be important triggers of MSA. We performed an epidemiological nested-case control study in the Danish population showing that UTIs are associated with future diagnosis of MSA several years after infection and that it impacts risk in both men and women. Bacterial infection of the urinary bladder triggers synucleinopathy in mice and we propose a novel role of ɑSyn in the innate immune system response to bacteria. Urinary tract infection with uropathogenic E. coli results in the de novo aggregation of ɑSyn during neutrophil infiltration. During the infection, ɑSyn is released extracellularly from neutrophils as part of their extracellular traps. Injection of MSA aggregates into the urinary bladder leads to motor deficits and propagation of ɑSyn pathology to the central nervous system in mice overexpressing oligodendroglial ɑSyn. Repeated UTIs lead to progressive development of synucleinopathy with oligodendroglial involvement in vivo. Our results link bacterial infections with synucleinopathy and show that a host response to environmental triggers can result in ɑSyn pathology that bears semblance to MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Peelaerts
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Laboratory for Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Gabriela Mercado
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sonia George
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Marie Villumsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Disease Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alysa Kasen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Miguel Aguileta
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Christian Linstow
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra B Sutter
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Kuhn
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lucas Stetzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Rachel Sheridan
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Liza Bergkvist
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lindsay Meyerdirk
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Allison Lindqvist
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Martha L Escobar Gavis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | | | - Tomasz Brudek
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susana Aznar
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Steiner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Michael X Henderson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lena Brundin
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Magdalena I Ivanova
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tom J Hannan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Parkinson's Disease Center, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
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6
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Sassano ML, van Vliet AR, Vervoort E, Van Eygen S, Van den Haute C, Pavie B, Roels J, Swinnen JV, Spinazzi M, Moens L, Casteels K, Meyts I, Pinton P, Marchi S, Rochin L, Giordano F, Felipe-Abrio B, Agostinis P. PERK recruits E-Syt1 at ER-mitochondria contacts for mitochondrial lipid transport and respiration. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213891. [PMID: 36821088 PMCID: PMC9998969 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of ER-mitochondria appositions ensures transfer of ions and phospholipids (PLs) between these organelles and exerts crucial effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Malfunctions within the ER-mitochondria contacts altering lipid trafficking homeostasis manifest in diverse pathologies, but the molecular effectors governing this process remain ill-defined. Here, we report that PERK promotes lipid trafficking at the ER-mitochondria contact sites (EMCS) through a non-conventional, unfolded protein response-independent, mechanism. PERK operates as an adaptor for the recruitment of the ER-plasma membrane tether and lipid transfer protein (LTP) Extended-Synaptotagmin 1 (E-Syt1), within the EMCS. In resting cells, the heterotypic E-Syt1-PERK interaction endorses transfer of PLs between the ER and mitochondria. Weakening the E-Syt1-PERK interaction or removing the lipid transfer SMP-domain of E-Syt1, compromises mitochondrial respiration. Our findings unravel E-Syt1 as a PERK interacting LTP and molecular component of the lipid trafficking machinery of the EMCS, which critically maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander R van Vliet
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Vervoort
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Van Eygen
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Research Group for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Joris Roels
- VIB-bioimaging Center UGent , Ghent, Belgium.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Angers , Angers, France
| | - Leen Moens
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristina Casteels
- Woman and Child, Department for Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University , Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Blanca Felipe-Abrio
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology , Leuven, Belgium
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7
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de Coene Y, Jooken S, Deschaume O, Van Steenbergen V, Vanden Berghe P, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Callewaert G, Van Cleuvenbergen S, Verbiest T, Bartic C, Clays K. Label-Free Imaging of Membrane Potentials by Intramembrane Field Modulation, Assessed by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Small 2022; 18:e2200205. [PMID: 35355419 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical interrogation of cellular electrical activity has proven itself essential for understanding cellular function and communication in complex networks. Voltage-sensitive dyes are important tools for assessing excitability but these highly lipophilic sensors may affect cellular function. Label-free techniques offer a major advantage as they eliminate the need for these external probes. In this work, it is shown that endogenous second-harmonic generation (SHG) from live cells is highly sensitive to changes in transmembrane potential (TMP). Simultaneous electrophysiological control of a living human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cell, through a whole-cell voltage-clamp reveals a linear relation between the SHG intensity and membrane voltage. The results suggest that due to the high ionic strengths and fast optical response of biofluids, membrane hydration is not the main contributor to the observed field sensitivity. A conceptual framework is further provided that indicates that the SHG voltage sensitivity reflects the electric field within the biological asymmetric lipid bilayer owing to a nonzero χeff(2) tensor. Changing the TMP without surface modifications such as electrolyte screening offers high optical sensitivity to membrane voltage (≈40% per 100 mV), indicating the power of SHG for label-free read-out. These results hold promise for the design of a non-invasive label-free read-out tool for electrogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovan de Coene
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Stijn Jooken
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Valérie Van Steenbergen
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TAGRID, Department of Chronic Diseases Metabolism and Ageing, Ku Leuven, ON I Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TAGRID, Department of Chronic Diseases Metabolism and Ageing, Ku Leuven, ON I Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Ku Leuven, RK-Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Ku Leuven, RK-Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Callewaert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ku Leuven, KULAK Kortrijk Campus, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk, 8500, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Cleuvenbergen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
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8
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Szegö EM, Van den Haute C, Höfs L, Baekelandt V, Van der Perren A, Falkenburger BH. Rab7 reduces α-synuclein toxicity in rats and primary neurons. Exp Neurol 2021; 347:113900. [PMID: 34695425 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) induces a vicious cycle of cellular impairments that lead to neurodegeneration. Consequently, removing toxic αSyn aggregates constitutes a plausible strategy against PD. In this work, we tested whether stimulating the autolysosomal degradation of αSyn aggregates through the Ras-related in brain 7 (Rab7) pathway can reverse αSyn-induced cellular impairment and prevent neurodegeneration in vivo. The disease-related A53T mutant of αSyn was expressed in primary neurons and in dopaminergic neurons of the rat brain simultaneously with wild type (WT) Rab7 or the T22N mutant as negative control. The cellular integrity was quantified by morphological and biochemical analyses. In primary neurons, WT Rab7 rescued the αSyn-induced loss of neurons and neurites. Furthermore, Rab7 decreased the amount of reactive oxygen species and the amount of Triton X-100 insoluble αSyn. In rat brain, WT Rab7 reduced αSyn-induced loss of dopaminergic axon terminals in the striatum and the loss of dopaminergic dendrites in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Further, WT Rab7 lowered αSyn pathology as quantified by phosphorylated αSyn staining. Finally, WT Rab7 attenuated αSyn-induced DNA damage in primary neurons and rat brain. In brief, Rab7 reduced αSyn-induced pathology, ameliorated αSyn-induced neuronal degeneration, oxidative stress and DNA damage. These findings indicate that Rab7 is able to disrupt the vicious cycle of cellular impairment, αSyn pathology and neurodegeneration present in PD. Stimulation of Rab7 and the autolysosomal degradation pathway could therefore constitute a beneficial strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Szegö
- Department of Neurology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lennart Höfs
- Department of Neurology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Dresden, Germany; Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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9
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Libbrecht S, Van den Haute C, Welkenhuysen M, Braeken D, Haesler S, Baekelandt V. Chronic chemogenetic stimulation of the anterior olfactory nucleus reduces newborn neuron survival in the adult mouse olfactory bulb. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1186-1198. [PMID: 34338310 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During adult rodent life, newborn neurons are added to the olfactory bulb (OB) in a tightly controlled manner. Upon arrival in the OB, input synapses from the local bulbar network and the higher olfactory cortex precede the formation of functional output synapses, indicating a possible role for these regions in newborn neuron survival. An interplay between the environment and the piriform cortex in the regulation of newborn neuron survival has been suggested. However, the specific network and the neuronal cell types responsible for this effect have not been elucidated. Furthermore, the role of the other olfactory cortical areas in this process is not known. Here we demonstrate that pyramidal neurons in the mouse anterior olfactory nucleus, the first cortical area for odor processing, have a key role in the survival of newborn neurons. Using DREADD (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) technology, we applied chronic stimulation to the anterior olfactory nucleus and observed a decrease in newborn neurons in the OB through induction of apoptosis. These findings provide further insight into the network regulating neuronal survival in adult neurogenesis and strengthen the importance of the surrounding network for sustained integration of new neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Libbrecht
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Life Science Technologies Department, Imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dries Braeken
- Life Science Technologies Department, Imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Haesler
- Research Group Neurophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Peelaerts W, Brito F, Van den Haute C, Barber Janer A, Steiner JA, Brundin P, Baekelandt V. Widespread, Specific, and Efficient Transgene Expression in Oligodendrocytes After Intracerebral and Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Viral Vectors in Rodent Brain. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:616-627. [PMID: 34006117 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by oligodendroglial pathology and myelin loss. Oligodendrogliopathies are a group of rare diseases for which there currently is no therapy. Gene delivery through viral vectors to oligodendrocytes is a potential strategy to deliver therapeutic molecules to oligodendrocytes for disease modification. However, targeting oligodendroglial cells in vivo is challenging due to their widespread distribution in white and gray matter. In this study, we aimed to address several of these difficulties by designing and testing different oligodendroglial targeting vectors in rat and mouse brain, utilizing different promoters, serotypes, and delivery routes. We found that different oligodendroglial promoters (myelin basic protein [MBP], cytomegalovirus-enhanced MBP, and myelin-associated glycoprotein [MAG]) vary considerably in their ability to drive oligodendroglial transgene expression and different viral vector serotypes (rAAV2/7, rAAV2/8, and rAAV2/9) exhibit varying efficacies in transducing oligodendrocytes. Different administration routes through intracerebral or intraventricular injection allow widespread targeting of mature oligodendrocytes. Delivery of rAAV2/9-MAG-GFP into the cerebrospinal fluid results in GFP expression along the entire rostrocaudal axis of the spinal cord. Collectively, these results show that oligodendrocytes can be targeted with high specificity and widespread expression, which will be useful for gene therapeutic interventions or disease modeling purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Peelaerts
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Filipa Brito
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core (LVVC), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Barber Janer
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer A Steiner
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Vara‐Pérez M, Rossi M, Van den Haute C, Maes H, Sassano ML, Venkataramani V, Michalke B, Romano E, Rillaerts K, Garg AD, Schepkens C, Bosisio FM, Wouters J, Oliveira AI, Vangheluwe P, Annaert W, Swinnen JV, Colet JM, van den Oord JJ, Fendt S, Mazzone M, Agostinis P. BNIP3 promotes HIF-1α-driven melanoma growth by curbing intracellular iron homeostasis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106214. [PMID: 33932034 PMCID: PMC8126921 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BNIP3 is a mitophagy receptor with context-dependent roles in cancer, but whether and how it modulates melanoma growth in vivo remains unknown. Here, we found that elevated BNIP3 levels correlated with poorer melanoma patient's survival and depletion of BNIP3 in B16-F10 melanoma cells compromised tumor growth in vivo. BNIP3 depletion halted mitophagy and enforced a PHD2-mediated downregulation of HIF-1α and its glycolytic program both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that BNIP3-deprived melanoma cells displayed increased intracellular iron levels caused by heightened NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, which fostered PHD2-mediated HIF-1α destabilization. These effects were not phenocopied by ATG5 or NIX silencing. Restoring HIF-1α levels in BNIP3-depleted melanoma cells rescued their metabolic phenotype and tumor growth in vivo, but did not affect NCOA4 turnover, underscoring that these BNIP3 effects are not secondary to HIF-1α. These results unravel an unexpected role of BNIP3 as upstream regulator of the pro-tumorigenic HIF-1α glycolytic program in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Vara‐Pérez
- Cell Death Research and Therapy GroupDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology ResearchLeuvenBelgium
| | - Matteo Rossi
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Research Group for Neurobiology and Gene TherapyDepartment of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Leuven Viral Vector CoreDepartment of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Hannelore Maes
- Cell Death Research and Therapy GroupDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maria Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy GroupDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology ResearchLeuvenBelgium
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center Göttingen (UMG)GöttingenGermany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH – German Research Center for Environmental HealthResearch Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistryNeuherbergGermany
| | - Erminia Romano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy GroupDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kristine Rillaerts
- Cell Death Research and Therapy GroupDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology ResearchLeuvenBelgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy GroupDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Corentin Schepkens
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and CancerDepartment of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Human Biology and Toxicology UnitUniversity of MonsMonsBelgium
| | - Francesca M Bosisio
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue ResearchDepartment of Imaging and PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jasper Wouters
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue ResearchDepartment of Imaging and PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ana Isabel Oliveira
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and AngiogenesisDepartment of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport SystemsDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane TraffickingDepartment of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and CancerDepartment of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Joost J van den Oord
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue ResearchDepartment of Imaging and PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sarah‐Maria Fendt
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and AngiogenesisDepartment of OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy GroupDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology ResearchLeuvenBelgium
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12
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Van der Perren A, Cabezudo D, Gelders G, Peralta Ramos JM, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Lobbestael E. LRRK2 Ablation Attenuates Αlpha-Synuclein-Induced Neuroinflammation Without Affecting Neurodegeneration or Neuropathology In Vivo. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:949-961. [PMID: 33594532 PMCID: PMC8423964 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease is a major challenge which would be facilitated by a better understanding of the pathogenesis. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and α-synuclein are key players in Parkinson's disease, but their relationship remains incompletely resolved. Previous studies investigating the effect of LRRK2 on α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in preclinical Parkinson's disease models have reported conflicting results. Here, we aimed to further explore the functional interaction between α-synuclein and LRRK2 and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting physiological LRRK2 levels. We studied the effects of total LRRK2 protein loss as well as pharmacological LRRK2 kinase inhibition in viral vector-mediated α-synuclein-based Parkinson's disease models developing early- and late-stage neurodegeneration. Surprisingly, total LRRK2 ablation or in-diet treatment with the LRRK2 kinase inhibitor MLi-2 did not significantly modify α-synuclein-induced motor deficits, dopaminergic cell loss, or α-synuclein pathology. Interestingly, we found a significant effect on α-synuclein-induced neuroinflammatory changes in the absence of LRRK2, with a reduced microglial activation and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration. This observed lack of protection against α-synuclein-induced toxicity should be well considered in light of the ongoing therapeutic development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Future studies will be crucial to understand the link between these neuroinflammatory processes and disease progression as well as the role of α-synuclein and LRRK2 in these pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diego Cabezudo
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Gelders
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Evy Lobbestael
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Goossens MG, Boon P, Wadman W, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Verstraete AG, Vonck K, Larsen LE, Sprengers M, Carrette E, Desloovere J, Meurs A, Delbeke J, Vanhove C, Raedt R. Long-term chemogenetic suppression of seizures in a multifocal rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62:659-670. [PMID: 33570167 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One third of epilepsy patients do not become seizure-free using conventional medication. Therefore, there is a need for alternative treatments. Preclinical research using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) has demonstrated initial success in suppressing epileptic activity. Here, we evaluated whether long-term chemogenetic seizure suppression could be obtained in the intraperitoneal kainic acid rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy, when DREADDs were selectively expressed in excitatory hippocampal neurons. METHODS Epileptic male Sprague Dawley rats received unilateral hippocampal injections of adeno-associated viral vector encoding the inhibitory DREADD hM4D(Gi), preceded by a cell-specific promotor targeting excitatory neurons. The effect of clozapine-mediated DREADD activation on dentate gyrus evoked potentials and spontaneous electrographic seizures was evaluated. Animals were systemically treated with single (.1 mg/kg/24 h) or repeated (.1 mg/kg/6 h) injections of clozapine. In addition, long-term continuous release of clozapine and olanzapine (2.8 mg/kg/7 days) using implantable minipumps was evaluated. All treatments were administered during the chronic epileptic phase and between 1.5 and 13.5 months after viral transduction. RESULTS In the DREADD group, dentate gyrus evoked potentials were inhibited after clozapine treatment. Only in DREADD-expressing animals, clozapine reduced seizure frequency during the first 6 h postinjection. When administered repeatedly, seizures were suppressed during the entire day. Long-term treatment with clozapine and olanzapine both resulted in significant seizure-suppressing effects for multiple days. Histological analysis revealed DREADD expression in both hippocampi and some cortical regions. However, lesions were also detected at the site of vector injection. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that inhibition of the hippocampus using chemogenetics results in potent seizure-suppressing effects in the intraperitoneal kainic acid rat model, even 1 year after viral transduction. Despite a need for further optimization, chemogenetic neuromodulation represents a promising treatment prospect for temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Boon
- 4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wytse Wadman
- 4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Center for Molecular Medicine and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, Center for Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Center for Molecular Medicine and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alain G Verstraete
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristl Vonck
- 4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lars E Larsen
- 4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Sprengers
- 4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Carrette
- 4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Desloovere
- 4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfred Meurs
- 4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean Delbeke
- 4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- IBiTech, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- 4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Hamouda NN, Van den Haute C, Vanhoutte R, Sannerud R, Azfar M, Mayer R, Cortés Calabuig Á, Swinnen JV, Agostinis P, Baekelandt V, Annaert W, Impens F, Verhelst SHL, Eggermont J, Martin S, Vangheluwe P. ATP13A3 is a major component of the enigmatic mammalian polyamine transport system. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100182. [PMID: 33310703 PMCID: PMC7948421 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are physiologically important polycations, but the transporters responsible for their uptake in mammalian cells remain poorly characterized. Here, we reveal a new component of the mammalian polyamine transport system using CHO-MG cells, a widely used model to study alternative polyamine uptake routes and characterize polyamine transport inhibitors for therapy. CHO-MG cells present polyamine uptake deficiency and resistance to a toxic polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), but the molecular defects responsible for these cellular characteristics remain unknown. By genome sequencing of CHO-MG cells, we identified mutations in an unexplored gene, ATP13A3, and found disturbed mRNA and protein expression. ATP13A3 encodes for an orphan P5B-ATPase (ATP13A3), a P-type transport ATPase that represents a candidate polyamine transporter. Interestingly, ATP13A3 complemented the putrescine transport deficiency and MGBG resistance of CHO-MG cells, whereas its knockdown in WT cells induced a CHO-MG phenotype demonstrated as a decrease in putrescine uptake and MGBG sensitivity. Taken together, our findings identify ATP13A3, which has been previously genetically linked with pulmonary arterial hypertension, as a major component of the mammalian polyamine transport system that confers sensitivity to MGBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norin Nabil Hamouda
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roeland Vanhoutte
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ragna Sannerud
- VIB-KU Leuven Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mujahid Azfar
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rupert Mayer
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research & Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- VIB-KU Leuven Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Chemical Proteomics, Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences ISAS, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaun Martin
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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De Meulenaere E, de Coene Y, Russier-Antoine I, Vanpraet L, Van den Haute C, Thevissen K, Baekelandt V, Bartic C, Hofkens J, Brevet PF, Clays K. Fluorescence-free First Hyperpolarizability Values of Fluorescent Proteins and Channel Rhodopsins. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Hennes M, Lombaert N, Wahis J, Van den Haute C, Holt MG, Arckens L. Astrocytes shape the plastic response of adult cortical neurons to vision loss. Glia 2020; 68:2102-2118. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maroussia Hennes
- Department of BiologyKU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- VIB KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Jérôme Wahis
- VIB KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute Leuven Belgium
- Department of NeurosciencesKU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Department of Biomedical SciencesKU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- KU Leuven Viral Vector Core Leuven Belgium
| | - Matthew G. Holt
- VIB KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute Leuven Belgium
- Department of NeurosciencesKU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Department of BiologyKU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute Leuven Belgium
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17
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Stevens L, Vonck K, Larsen LE, Van Lysebettens W, Germonpré C, Baekelandt V, Van den Haute C, Carrette E, Wadman WJ, Boon P, Raedt R. A Feasibility Study to Investigate Chemogenetic Modulation of the Locus Coeruleus by Means of Single Unit Activity. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:162. [PMID: 32210746 PMCID: PMC7067893 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Selective chemogenetic modulation of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons would allow dedicated investigation of the role of the LC-NA pathway in brain excitability and disorders such as epilepsy. This study investigated the feasibility of an experimental set-up where chemogenetic modification of the brainstem locus coeruleus NA neurons is aimed at and followed by LC unit activity recording in response to clozapine. Methods The LC of male Sprague-Dawley rats was injected with 10 nl of adeno-associated viral vector AAV2/7-PRSx8-hM3Dq-mCherry (n = 19, DREADD group) or AAV2/7-PRSx8-eGFP (n = 13, Controls). Three weeks later, LC unit recordings were performed in anesthetized rats. We investigated whether clozapine, a drug known to bind to modified neurons expressing hM3Dq receptors, was able to increase the LC firing rate. Baseline unit activity was recorded followed by subsequent administration of 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg of clozapine in all rats. hM3Dq-mcherry expression levels were investigated using immunofluorescence staining of brainstem slices at the end of the experiment. Results Unit recordings could be performed in 12 rats and in a total of 12 neurons (DREADDs: n = 7, controls: n = 5). Clozapine 0.01 mg/kg did not affect the mean firing rate of recorded LC-neurons; 0.1 mg/kg induced an increased firing rate, irrespective whether neurons were recorded from DREADD or control rats (p = 0.006). Co-labeling of LC neurons and mCherry-tag showed that 20.6 ± 2.3% LC neurons expressed the hM3Dq receptor. Aspecific expression of hM3Dq-mCherry was also observed in non-LC neurons (26.0 ± 4.1%). Conclusion LC unit recording is feasible in an experimental set-up following manipulations for DREADD induction. A relatively low transduction efficiency of the used AAV was found. In view of this finding, the effect of injected clozapine on LC-NA could not be investigated as a reliable outcome parameter for activation of chemogenetically modified LC neurons. The use of AAV2/7, a vector previously applied successfully to target dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leads to insufficient chemogenetic modification of the LC compared to transduction with AAV2/9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latoya Stevens
- 4BRAIN, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristl Vonck
- 4BRAIN, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lars Emil Larsen
- 4BRAIN, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Lysebettens
- 4BRAIN, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Germonpré
- 4BRAIN, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Center for Molecular Medicine, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Center for Molecular Medicine, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, Centre for Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Carrette
- 4BRAIN, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wytse Jan Wadman
- 4BRAIN, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Boon
- 4BRAIN, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- 4BRAIN, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Torre-Muruzabal T, Devoght J, Van den Haute C, Brône B, Van der Perren A, Baekelandt V. Chronic nigral neuromodulation aggravates behavioral deficits and synaptic changes in an α-synuclein based rat model for Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:160. [PMID: 31640762 PMCID: PMC6805517 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) is the pathological hallmark of several diseases named synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), which is the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder. Alpha-SYN has been linked to synaptic function both in physiological and pathological conditions. However, the exact link between neuronal activity, α-SYN toxicity and disease progression in PD is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of chronic neuromodulation in an α-SYN-based rat model for PD using chemogenetics. To do this, we expressed excitatory Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) combined with mutant A53T α-SYN, using two different recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors (serotypes 2/7 and 2/8) in rat substantia nigra (SN) and investigated the effect on motor behavior, synapses and neuropathology. We found that chronic neuromodulation aggravates motor deficits induced by α-SYN, without altering dopaminergic neurodegeneration. In addition, neuronal activation led to changes in post-translational modification and subcellular localization of α-SYN, linking neuronal activity to the pathophysiological role of α-SYN in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Torre-Muruzabal
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Chris Van den Haute
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Anke Van der Perren
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Desloovere J, Boon P, Larsen LE, Merckx C, Goossens MG, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, De Bundel D, Carrette E, Delbeke J, Meurs A, Vonck K, Wadman W, Raedt R. Long-term chemogenetic suppression of spontaneous seizures in a mouse model for temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2019; 60:2314-2324. [PMID: 31608439 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More than one-third of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) continue to have seizures despite treatment with antiepileptic drugs, and many experience severe drug-related side effects, illustrating the need for novel therapies. Selective expression of inhibitory Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) allows cell-type-specific reduction of neuronal excitability. In this study, we evaluated the effect of chemogenetic suppression of excitatory pyramidal and granule cell neurons of the sclerotic hippocampus in the intrahippocampal mouse model (IHKA) for temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS Intrahippocampal IHKA mice were injected with an adeno-associated viral vector carrying the genes for an inhibitory DREADD hM4Di in the sclerotic hippocampus or control vector. Next, animals were treated systemically with different single doses of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) and clozapine (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg) and the effect on spontaneous hippocampal seizures, hippocampal electroencephalography (EEG) power, fast ripples (FRs) and behavior in the open field test was evaluated. Finally, animals received prolonged treatment with clozapine for 3 days and the effect on seizures was monitored. RESULTS Treatment with both CNO and clozapine resulted in a robust suppression of hippocampal seizures for at least 15 hours only in DREADD-expressing animals. Moreover, total EEG power and the number of FRs were significantly reduced. CNO and/or clozapine had no effects on interictal hippocampal EEG, seizures, or locomotion/anxiety in the open field test in non-DREADD epileptic IHKA mice. Repeated clozapine treatment every 8 hours for 3 days resulted in almost complete seizure suppression in DREADD animals. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows the potency of chemogenetics to robustly and sustainably suppress spontaneous epileptic seizures and pave the way for an epilepsy therapy in which a systemically administered exogenous drug selectively modulates specific cell types in a seizure network, leading to a potent seizure suppression devoid of the typical drug-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Desloovere
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Boon
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lars E Larsen
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Medical Image and Signal Processing, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Merckx
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, Centre for Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evelien Carrette
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean Delbeke
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfred Meurs
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristl Vonck
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wytse Wadman
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Slezak M, Kandler S, Van Veldhoven PP, Van den Haute C, Bonin V, Holt MG. Distinct Mechanisms for Visual and Motor-Related Astrocyte Responses in Mouse Visual Cortex. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3120-3127.e5. [PMID: 31495587 PMCID: PMC6859477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a major cell type in the mammalian nervous system, are in close proximity to neurons, and show rich Ca2+ activity thought to mediate cellular outputs. Astrocytes show activity linked to sensory [1, 2] and motor [3, 4] events, reflecting local neural activity and brain-wide neuromodulatory inputs. Sensory responses are highly variable [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], which may reflect interactions between distinct input types [6, 7, 9]. However, the diversity of inputs generating astrocyte activity, particularly during sensory stimulation and behavior, is not fully understood [11, 12]. Using a combination of Ca2+ imaging, a treadmill assay, and visual stimulation, we examined the properties of astrocyte activity in mouse visual cortex associated with motor or sensory events. Consistent with previous work, motor activity activated astrocytes across the cortex with little specificity, reflecting a diffuse neuromodulatory mechanism. In contrast, moving visual stimuli generated specific activity patterns that reflected the stimulus' trajectory within the visual field, precisely as one would predict if astrocytes reported local neural activity. Visual responses depended strongly on behavioral state, with astrocytes showing high amplitude Ca2+ transients during locomotion and little activity during stillness. Furthermore, the amplitudes of visual responses were highly correlated with pupil size, suggesting a role of arousal. Interestingly, while depletion of cortical noradrenaline abolished locomotor responses, visual responses were only reduced in amplitude and their spatiotemporal organization remained intact, suggesting two distinct types of inputs underlie visual responses. We conclude that cortical astrocytes integrate local sensory information and behavioral state, suggesting a role in information processing. Astrocytes of moving mice display robust retinotopic responses to visual stimuli Sensory responses are distinguishable from responses to locomotion Vision-driven responses are correlated to arousal Vision- and arousal-driven responses are differentially regulated by noradrenaline
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Slezak
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders (NERF), Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49-Box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffen Kandler
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders (NERF), Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, LIPIT, Herestraat 49-Box 601, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy and Leuven Brain Institute, RK-Herestraat 49-Box 1023, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, RK-Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Bonin
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders (NERF), Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Biology and Leuven Brain Institute, Naamsestraat 59-Box 2465, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Matthew G Holt
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49-Box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience and Leuven Brain Institute, Herestraat 49-Box 1021, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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Pironet A, Syam N, Vandewiele F, Van den Haute C, Kerselaers S, Pinto S, Vande Velde G, Gijsbers R, Vennekens R. AAV9-Mediated Overexpression of TRPM4 Increases the Incidence of Stress-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias in Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:802. [PMID: 31316392 PMCID: PMC6610516 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ activated non-selective (CAN) cation channels have been described in cardiomyocytes since the advent of the patch clamp technique. It has been hypothesized that this type of ion channel contributes to the triggering of cardiac arrhythmias. TRPM4 is to date the only molecular candidate for a CAN cation channel in cardiomyocytes. Its significance for arrhythmogenesis in living animals remains, however, unclear. In this study, we have tested whether increased expression of wild-type (WT) TRPM4 augments the risk of arrhythmias in living mice. Overexpression of WT TRPM4 was achieved via tail vein injection of adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9) particles, which have been described to be relatively cardiac specific in mice. Subsequently, we performed ECG-measurements in freely moving mice to determine their in vivo cardiac phenotype. Though cardiac muscle was transduced with TRPM4 viral particles, the majority of viral particles accumulated in the liver. We did not observe any difference in arrhythmic incidents during baseline conditions. Instead, WT mice that overexpress TRPM4 were more vulnerable to develop premature ventricular ectopic beats during exercise-induced β-adrenergic stress. Conduction abnormalities were rare and not more frequent in transduced mice compare to WT mice. Taken together, we provide evidence that overexpression of TRPM4 increases the susceptibility of living mice to stress-induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Pironet
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, TRP Research Platform Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ninda Syam
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, TRP Research Platform Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frone Vandewiele
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, TRP Research Platform Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Kerselaers
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, TRP Research Platform Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Pinto
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, TRP Research Platform Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, TRP Research Platform Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Fabbrini F, Van den Haute C, De Vitis M, Baekelandt V, Vanduffel W, Vogels R. Probing the Mechanisms of Repetition Suppression in Inferior Temporal Cortex with Optogenetics. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1988-1998.e4. [PMID: 31178318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in macaque inferior temporal (IT) cortex show a decrease in the response with stimulus repetition, known as repetition suppression (RS). Several mechanisms may contribute to RS in IT, such as firing rate-dependent fatigue and transsynaptic mechanisms, like synaptic depression or reduced input from neurons within the same area or from up- or downstream areas. We examined the role of firing rate fatigue and transsynaptic mechanisms by stimulating directly IT neurons using optogenetics and measured the effect of photo-stimulation on their responses using timing parameters that resulted in RS for visual stimuli. Photo-stimulation of IT neurons resulted in a marginally decreased probability of spiking activity to a subsequent photo-stimulation or to a subsequent low-contrast visual stimulus. This response reduction was small relative to that for repeated visual stimuli and was related to post-stimulation inhibition of the activity during the interval between adapter and test stimuli. Presentation of a visual adapter did not change the response to subsequent photo-stimulation. In neurons whose response to the visual adapter was inhibited by simultaneous photo-stimulation, RS to visual stimuli was unaffected. Overall, these data imply that RS in IT has a transsynaptic origin, with little or no contribution of intrinsic firing rate fatigue. In addition, they suggest a limited contribution of both local synaptic depression and reduced input from nearby IT neurons, whose responses were postulated to be decreased by firing rate fatigue, to RS in IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fabbrini
- Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Marina De Vitis
- Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rufin Vogels
- Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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23
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Geeraerts E, Claes M, Dekeyster E, Salinas-Navarro M, De Groef L, Van den Haute C, Scheyltjens I, Baekelandt V, Arckens L, Moons L. Optogenetic Stimulation of the Superior Colliculus Confers Retinal Neuroprotection in a Mouse Glaucoma Model. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2313-2325. [PMID: 30655352 PMCID: PMC6433760 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0872-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the eye, which ultimately results in visual impairment or even blindness. Because current therapies often fail to halt disease progression, there is an unmet need for novel neuroprotective therapies to support RGC survival. Various research lines suggest that visual target centers in the brain support RGC functioning and survival. Here, we explored whether increasing neuronal activity in one of these projection areas could improve survival of RGCs in a mouse glaucoma model. Prolonged activation of an important murine RGC target area, the superior colliculus (SC), was established via a novel optogenetic stimulation paradigm. By leveraging the unique channel kinetics of the stabilized step function opsin (SSFO), protracted stimulation of the SC was achieved with only a brief light pulse. SSFO-mediated collicular stimulation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry for the immediate-early gene c-Fos and behavioral tracking, which both demonstrated consistent neuronal activity upon repeated stimulation. Finally, the neuroprotective potential of optogenetic collicular stimulation was investigated in mice of either sex subjected to a glaucoma model and a 63% reduction in RGC loss was found. This work describes a new paradigm for optogenetic collicular stimulation and a first demonstration that increasing target neuron activity can increase survival of the projecting neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite glaucoma being a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide, no curative therapies exist. This study describes a novel paradigm to reduce retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration underlying glaucoma. Building on previous observations that RGC survival is supported by the target neurons to which they project and using an innovative optogenetic approach, we increased neuronal activity in the mouse superior colliculus, a main projection target of rodent RGCs. This proved to be efficient in reducing RGC loss in a glaucoma model. Our findings establish a new optogenetic paradigm for target stimulation and encourage further exploration of the molecular signaling pathways mediating retrograde neuroprotective communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel Geeraerts
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Claes
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Dekeyster
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel Salinas-Navarro
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Viral Vector Core Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and
| | - Isabelle Scheyltjens
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology; KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology; KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium,
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Li Z, Hao MM, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Boesmans W, Vanden Berghe P. Regional complexity in enteric neuron wiring reflects diversity of motility patterns in the mouse large intestine. eLife 2019; 8:42914. [PMID: 30747710 PMCID: PMC6391068 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system controls a variety of gastrointestinal functions including intestinal motility. The minimal neuronal circuit necessary to direct peristalsis is well-characterized but several intestinal regions display also other motility patterns for which the underlying circuits and connectivity schemes that coordinate the transition between those patterns are poorly understood. We investigated whether in regions with a richer palette of motility patterns, the underlying nerve circuits reflect this complexity. Using Ca2+ imaging, we determined the location and response fingerprint of large populations of enteric neurons upon focal network stimulation. Complemented by neuronal tracing and volumetric reconstructions of synaptic contacts, this shows that the multifunctional proximal colon requires specific additional circuit components as compared to the distal colon, where peristalsis is the predominant motility pattern. Our study reveals that motility control is hard-wired in the enteric neural networks and that circuit complexity matches the motor pattern portfolio of specific intestinal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Li
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlene M Hao
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Werend Boesmans
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Boesmans W, Hao MM, Fung C, Li Z, Van den Haute C, Tack J, Pachnis V, Vanden Berghe P. Structurally defined signaling in neuro-glia units in the enteric nervous system. Glia 2019; 67:1167-1178. [PMID: 30730592 PMCID: PMC6593736 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of gastrointestinal function relies on joint efforts of enteric neurons and glia, whose crosstalk is vital for the integration of their activity. To investigate the signaling mechanisms and to delineate the spatial aspects of enteric neuron-to-glia communication within enteric ganglia we developed a method to stimulate single enteric neurons while monitoring the activity of neighboring enteric glial cells. We combined cytosolic calcium uncaging of individual enteric neurons with calcium imaging of enteric glial cells expressing a genetically encoded calcium indicator and demonstrate that enteric neurons signal to enteric glial cells through pannexins using paracrine purinergic pathways. Sparse labeling of enteric neurons and high-resolution analysis of the structural relation between neuronal cell bodies, varicose release sites and enteric glia uncovered that this form of neuron-to-glia communication is contained between the cell body of an enteric neuron and its surrounding enteric glial cells. Our results reveal the spatial and functional foundation of neuro-glia units as an operational cellular assembly in the enteric nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werend Boesmans
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marlene M Hao
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Candice Fung
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhiling Li
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vassilis Pachnis
- Development and Homeostasis of the Nervous System Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Libbrecht S, Hoffman L, Welkenhuysen M, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Braeken D, Haesler S. Proximal and distal modulation of neural activity by spatially confined optogenetic activation with an integrated high-density optoelectrode. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:149-161. [PMID: 29589813 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00888.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic manipulations are widely used for investigating the contribution of genetically identified cell types to behavior. Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings are less common, although they are critical for characterizing the specific impact of optogenetic manipulations on neural circuits in vivo. This is at least in part because combining photostimulation with large-scale electrophysiological recordings remains technically challenging, which also poses a limitation for performing extracellular identification experiments. Currently available interfaces that guide light of the appropriate wavelength into the brain combined with an electrophysiological modality suffer from various drawbacks such as a bulky size, low spatial resolution, heat dissipation, or photovoltaic artifacts. To address these challenges, we have designed and fabricated an integrated ultrathin neural interface with 12 optical outputs and 24 electrodes. We used the device to measure the effect of localized stimulation in the anterior olfactory cortex, a paleocortical structure involved in olfactory processing. Our experiments in adult mice demonstrate that because of its small dimensions, our novel tool causes far less tissue damage than commercially available devices. Moreover, optical stimulation and recording can be performed simultaneously, with no measurable electrical artifact during optical stimulation. Importantly, optical stimulation can be confined to small volumes with approximately single-cortical layer thickness. Finally, we find that even highly localized optical stimulation causes inhibition at more distant sites. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we establish a novel tool for simultaneous extracellular recording and optogenetic photostimulation. Because the device is built using established microchip technology, it can be fabricated with high reproducibility and reliability. We further show that even very localized stimulation affects neural firing far beyond the stimulation site. This demonstrates the difficulty in predicting circuit-level effects of optogenetic manipulations and highlights the importance of closely monitoring neural activity in optogenetic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Libbrecht
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven , Belgium
| | - Luis Hoffman
- Life Science Technologies and Imaging Department, Imec, Leuven , Belgium.,Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven , Belgium
| | | | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven , Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven , Belgium
| | - Dries Braeken
- Life Science Technologies and Imaging Department, Imec, Leuven , Belgium
| | - Sebastian Haesler
- Research Group Neurophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven , Belgium.,VIB, Leuven , Belgium.,Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, Leuven , Belgium
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27
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Scheyltjens I, Vreysen S, Van den Haute C, Sabanov V, Balschun D, Baekelandt V, Arckens L. Transient and localized optogenetic activation of somatostatin-interneurons in mouse visual cortex abolishes long-term cortical plasticity due to vision loss. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2073-2095. [PMID: 29372324 PMCID: PMC5968055 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Unilateral vision loss through monocular enucleation (ME) results in partial reallocation of visual cortical territory to another sense in adult mice. The functional recovery of the visual cortex occurs through a combination of spared-eye potentiation and cross-modal reactivation driven by whisker-related, somatosensory inputs. Brain region-specific intracortical inhibition was recently recognized as a crucial regulator of the cross-modal component, yet the contribution of specific inhibitory neuron subpopulations remains poorly understood. Somatostatin (SST)-interneurons are ideally located within the cortical circuit to modulate sensory integration. Here we demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation of visual cortex SST-interneurons prior to eye removal decreases ME-induced cross-modal recovery at the stimulation site. Our results suggest that SST-interneurons act as local hubs, which are able to control the influx and extent of cortical cross-modal inputs into the deprived cortex. These insights critically expand our understanding of SST-interneuron-specific regulation of cortical plasticity induced by sensory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Scheyltjens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Samme Vreysen
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Victor Sabanov
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Detlef Balschun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2467, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Vazquez-Martin A, Van den Haute C, Cufí S, Corominas-Faja B, Cuyàs E, Lopez-Bonet E, Rodriguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Joven J, Baekelandt V, Menendez JA. Mitophagy-driven mitochondrial rejuvenation regulates stem cell fate. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1330-52. [PMID: 27295498 PMCID: PMC4993334 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding on how selective mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, can sustain the archetypal properties of stem cells is incomplete. PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) plays a key role in the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and function and in the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. Here, using embryonic fibroblasts from PINK1 gene-knockout (KO) mice, we evaluated whether mitophagy is a causal mechanism for the control of cell-fate plasticity and maintenance of pluripotency. Loss of PINK1-dependent mitophagy was sufficient to dramatically decrease the speed and efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming. Mitophagy-deficient iPSC colonies, which were characterized by a mixture of mature and immature mitochondria, seemed unstable, with a strong tendency to spontaneously differentiate and form heterogeneous populations of cells. Although mitophagy-deficient iPSC colonies normally expressed pluripotent markers, functional monitoring of cellular bioenergetics revealed an attenuated glycolysis in mitophagy-deficient iPSC cells. Targeted metabolomics showed a notable alteration in numerous glycolysis- and TCA-related metabolites in mitophagy-deficient iPSC cells, including a significant decrease in the intracellular levels of α-ketoglutarate -a key suppressor of the differentiation path in stem cells. Mitophagy-deficient iPSC colonies exhibited a notably reduced teratoma-initiating capacity, but fully retained their pluripotency and multi-germ layer differentiation capacity in vivo. PINK1-dependent mitophagy pathway is an important mitochondrial switch that determines the efficiency and quality of somatic reprogramming. Mitophagy-driven mitochondrial rejuvenation might contribute to the ability of iPSCs to suppress differentiation by directing bioenergetic transition and metabolome remodeling traits. These findings provide new insights into how mitophagy might influence the stem cell decisions to retain pluripotency or differentiate in tissue regeneration and aging, tumor growth, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sílvia Cufí
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Stem Cell Lab, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruna Corominas-Faja
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Eugeni Lopez-Bonet
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Rodriguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.,ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
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29
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Vidović D, Carlon MS, da Cunha MF, Dekkers JF, Hollenhorst MI, Bijvelds MJC, Ramalho AS, Van den Haute C, Ferrante M, Baekelandt V, Janssens HM, De Boeck K, Sermet-Gaudelus I, de Jonge HR, Gijsbers R, Beekman JM, Edelman A, Debyser Z. rAAV-CFTRΔR Rescues the Cystic Fibrosis Phenotype in Human Intestinal Organoids and Cystic Fibrosis Mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:288-98. [PMID: 26509335 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201505-0914oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Gene therapy holds promise for a curative mutation-independent treatment applicable to all patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The various viral vector-based clinical trials conducted in the past have demonstrated safety and tolerance of different vectors, but none have led to a clear and persistent clinical benefit. Recent clinical breakthroughs in recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV)-based gene therapy encouraged us to reexplore an rAAV approach for CF. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the preclinical potential of rAAV gene therapy for CF to restore chloride and fluid secretion in two complementary models: intestinal organoids derived from subjects with CF and a CF mouse model, an important milestone toward the development of a clinical rAAV candidate for CF gene therapy. METHODS We engineered an rAAV vector containing a truncated CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTRΔR) combined with a short promoter (CMV173) to ensure optimal gene expression. A rescue in chloride and fluid secretion after rAAV-CFTRΔR treatment was assessed by forskolin-induced swelling in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-deficient organoids and by nasal potential differences in ΔF508 mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS rAAV-CFTRΔR transduction of human CFTR-deficient organoids resulted in forskolin-induced swelling, indicating a restoration of CFTR function. Nasal potential differences demonstrated a clear response to low chloride and forskolin perfusion in most rAAV-CFTRΔR-treated CF mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides robust evidence that rAAV-mediated gene transfer of a truncated CFTR functionally rescues the CF phenotype across the nasal mucosa of CF mice and in patient-derived organoids. These results underscore the clinical potential of rAAV-CFTRΔR in offering a cure for all patients with CF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mélanie F da Cunha
- 2 INSERM U1151, University Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Johanna F Dekkers
- 3 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, and.,4 Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika I Hollenhorst
- 2 INSERM U1151, University Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marcel J C Bijvelds
- 5 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marc Ferrante
- 9 Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | | | - Hettie M Janssens
- 10 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus University Medical Centre/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | | | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- 2 INSERM U1151, University Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- 5 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- 1 Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy.,8 Leuven Viral Vector Core, and
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- 3 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, and.,4 Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aleksander Edelman
- 2 INSERM U1151, University Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
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30
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Libbrecht S, Van den Haute C, Malinouskaya L, Gijsbers R, Baekelandt V. Evaluation of WGA-Cre-dependent topological transgene expression in the rodent brain. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:717-733. [PMID: 27259586 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel neuromodulation techniques in the field of brain research, such as optogenetics, prompt to target specific cell populations. However, not every subpopulation can be distinguished based on brain area or activity of specific promoters, but rather on topology and connectivity. A fascinating tool to detect neuronal circuitry is based on the transsynaptic tracer, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). When expressed in neurons, it is transported throughout the neuron, secreted, and taken up by synaptically connected neurons. Expression of a WGA and Cre recombinase fusion protein using a viral vector technology in Cre-dependent transgenic animals allows to trace neuronal network connections and to induce topological transgene expression. In this study, we applied and evaluated this technology in specific areas throughout the whole rodent brain, including the hippocampus, striatum, substantia nigra, and the motor cortex. Adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) encoding the WGA-Cre fusion protein under control of a CMV promoter were stereotactically injected in Rosa26-STOP-EYFP transgenic mice. After 6 weeks, both the number of transneuronally labeled YFP+/mCherry- cells and the transduced YFP+/mCherry+ cells were quantified in the connected regions. We were able to trace several connections using WGA-Cre transneuronal labeling; however, the labeling efficacy was region-dependent. The observed transneuronal labeling mostly occurred in the anterograde direction without the occurrence of multi-synaptic labeling. Furthermore, we were able to visualize a specific subset of newborn neurons derived from the subventricular zone based on their connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Libbrecht
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lina Malinouskaya
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology & Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Pulizzi R, Musumeci G, Van den Haute C, Van De Vijver S, Baekelandt V, Giugliano M. Brief wide-field photostimuli evoke and modulate oscillatory reverberating activity in cortical networks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24701. [PMID: 27099182 PMCID: PMC4838830 DOI: 10.1038/srep24701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell assemblies manipulation by optogenetics is pivotal to advance neuroscience and neuroengineering. In in vivo applications, photostimulation often broadly addresses a population of cells simultaneously, leading to feed-forward and to reverberating responses in recurrent microcircuits. The former arise from direct activation of targets downstream, and are straightforward to interpret. The latter are consequence of feedback connectivity and may reflect a variety of time-scales and complex dynamical properties. We investigated wide-field photostimulation in cortical networks in vitro, employing substrate-integrated microelectrode arrays and long-term cultured neuronal networks. We characterized the effect of brief light pulses, while restricting the expression of channelrhodopsin to principal neurons. We evoked robust reverberating responses, oscillating in the physiological gamma frequency range, and found that such a frequency could be reliably manipulated varying the light pulse duration, not its intensity. By pharmacology, mathematical modelling, and intracellular recordings, we conclude that gamma oscillations likely emerge as in vivo from the excitatory-inhibitory interplay and that, unexpectedly, the light stimuli transiently facilitate excitatory synaptic transmission. Of relevance for in vitro models of (dys)functional cortical microcircuitry and in vivo manipulations of cell assemblies, we give for the first time evidence of network-level consequences of the alteration of synaptic physiology by optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Pulizzi
- Theoretical Neurobiology &Neuroengineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Musumeci
- Theoretical Neurobiology &Neuroengineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michele Giugliano
- Theoretical Neurobiology &Neuroengineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, S1 4DP Sheffield, UK.,Laboratory of Neural Microcircuitry, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Van der Perren A, Casteels C, Van Laere K, Gijsbers R, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. Development of an Alpha-synuclein Based Rat Model for Parkinson's Disease via Stereotactic Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Vector. J Vis Exp 2016:53670. [PMID: 26967677 PMCID: PMC4828209 DOI: 10.3791/53670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study the molecular pathways of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to develop novel therapeutic strategies, scientific investigators rely on animal models. The identification of PD-associated genes has led to the development of genetic PD models. Most transgenic α-SYN mouse models develop gradual α-SYN pathology but fail to display clear dopaminergic cell loss and dopamine-dependent behavioral deficits. This hurdle was overcome by direct targeting of the substantia nigra with viral vectors overexpressing PD-associated genes. Local gene delivery using viral vectors provides an attractive way to express transgenes in the central nervous system. Specific brain regions can be targeted (e.g. the substantia nigra), expression can be induced in the adult setting and high expression levels can be achieved. Further, different vector systems based on various viruses can be used. The protocol outlines all crucial steps to perform a viral vector injection in the substantia nigra of the rat to develop a viral vector-based alpha-synuclein animal model for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven
| | - Cindy Casteels
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Leuven University Hospital - KU Leuven
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Leuven University Hospital - KU Leuven
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven;
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33
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Vidović D, Gijsbers R, Quiles-Jimenez A, Dooley J, Van den Haute C, Van der Perren A, Liston A, Baekelandt V, Debyser Z, Carlon MS. Noninvasive Imaging Reveals Stable Transgene Expression in Mouse Airways After Delivery of a Nonintegrating Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vector. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:60-71. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Vidović
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Ana Quiles-Jimenez
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - James Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie, Translational Immunology Laboratory, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Marianne Sylvia Carlon
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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34
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Macchi F, Deleersnijder A, Van den Haute C, Munck S, Pottel H, Michiels A, Debyser Z, Gerard M, Baekelandt V. High-content analysis of α-synuclein aggregation and cell death in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 261:117-27. [PMID: 26620202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) aggregates represent a key feature of Parkinson's disease, but the exact relationship between α-SYN aggregation and neurodegeneration remains incompletely understood. Therefore, the availability of a cellular assay that allows medium-throughput analysis of α-SYN-linked pathology will be of great value for studying the aggregation process and for advancing α-SYN-based therapies. NEW METHOD Here we describe a high-content neuronal cell assay that simultaneously measures oxidative stress-induced α-SYN aggregation and apoptosis. RESULTS We optimized an automated and reproducible assay to quantify both α-SYN aggregation and cell death in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Quantification of α-SYN aggregates in cells has typically relied on manual imaging and counting or cell-free assays, which are time consuming and do not allow a concurrent analysis of cell viability. Our high-content analysis method for quantification of α-SYN aggregation allows simultaneous measurements of multiple cell parameters at a single-cell level in a fast, objective and automated manner. CONCLUSIONS The presented analysis approach offers a rapid, objective and multiparametric approach for the screening of compounds and genes that might alter α-SYN aggregation and/or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Macchi
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven B-3000, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Angélique Deleersnijder
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven B-3000, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven B-3000, Flanders, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Munck
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven B-3000, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Hans Pottel
- KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Public Health and Primary Care, Interdisciplinary Research Facility Life Sciences, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk B-8500, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Annelies Michiels
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven B-3000, Flanders, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Melanie Gerard
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven B-3000, Flanders, Belgium; KU Leuven campus Kulak Kortrijk, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Research Facility Life Sciences, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk B-8500, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven B-3000, Flanders, Belgium.
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35
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Aelvoet SA, Pascual-Brazo J, Libbrecht S, Reumers V, Gijsbers R, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. Long-Term Fate Mapping Using Conditional Lentiviral Vectors Reveals a Continuous Contribution of Radial Glia-Like Cells to Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143772. [PMID: 26600383 PMCID: PMC4658138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn neurons are generated throughout life in two neurogenic regions, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Stimulation of adult neurogenesis is considered as an attractive endogenous repair mechanism to treat different neurological disorders. Although tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, important questions remain unanswered, regarding the identity and the behavior of neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus. We previously showed that conditional Cre-Flex lentiviral vectors can be used to label neural stem cells in the subventricular zone and to track the migration of their progeny with non-invasive bioluminescence imaging. Here, we applied these Cre-Flex lentiviral vectors to study neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus with bioluminescence imaging and histological techniques. Stereotactic injection of the Cre-Flex vectors into the dentate gyrus of transgenic Nestin-Cre mice resulted in specific labeling of the nestin-positive neural stem cells. The labeled cell population could be detected with bioluminescence imaging until 9 months post injection, but no significant increase in the number of labeled cells over time was observed with this imaging technique. Nevertheless, the specific labeling of the nestin-positive neural stem cells, combined with histological analysis at different time points, allowed detailed analysis of their neurogenic potential. This long-term fate mapping revealed that a stable pool of labeled nestin-positive neural stem cells continuously contributes to the generation of newborn neurons in the mouse brain until 9 months post injection. In conclusion, the Cre-Flex technology is a valuable tool to address remaining questions regarding neural stem cell identity and behavior in the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Ann Aelvoet
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jesus Pascual-Brazo
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sarah Libbrecht
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Veerle Reumers
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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36
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Dekeyster E, Geeraerts E, Buyens T, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, De Groef L, Salinas-Navarro M, Moons L. Tackling Glaucoma from within the Brain: An Unfortunate Interplay of BDNF and TrkB. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142067. [PMID: 26560713 PMCID: PMC4641732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the neurotrophin deprivation hypothesis, diminished retrograde delivery of neurotrophic support during an early stage of glaucoma pathogenesis is one of the main triggers that induce retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. Therefore, interfering with neurotrophic signaling seems an attractive strategy to achieve neuroprotection. Indeed, exogenous neurotrophin administration to the eye has been shown to reduce loss of RGCs in animal models of glaucoma; however, the neuroprotective effect was mostly insufficient for sustained RGC survival. We hypothesized that treatment at the level of neurotrophin-releasing brain areas might be beneficial, as signaling pathways activated by target-derived neurotrophins are suggested to differ from pathways that are initiated at the soma membrane. In our study, first, the spatiotemporal course of RGC degeneration was characterized in mice subjected to optic nerve crush (ONC) or laser induced ocular hypertension (OHT). Subsequently, the well-known neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was chosen as the lead molecule, and the levels of BDNF and its high-affinity receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), were examined in the mouse retina and superior colliculus (SC) upon ONC and OHT. Both models differentially influenced BDNF and TrkB levels. Next, we aimed for RGC protection through viral vector-mediated upregulation of collicular BDNF, thought to boost the retrograde neurotrophin delivery. Although the previously reported temporary neuroprotective effect of intravitreally delivered recombinant BDNF was confirmed, viral vector-induced BDNF overexpression in the SC did not result in protection of the RGCs in the glaucoma models used. These findings most likely relate to decreased neurotrophin responsiveness upon vector-mediated BDNF overexpression. Our results highlight important insights concerning the complexity of neurotrophic factor treatments that should surely be considered in future neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Dekeyster
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emiel Geeraerts
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Buyens
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Neurobiology and Gene Therapy Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Neurobiology and Gene Therapy Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel Salinas-Navarro
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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37
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Civiero L, Cirnaru MD, Beilina A, Rodella U, Russo I, Belluzzi E, Lobbestael E, Reyniers L, Hondhamuni G, Lewis PA, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Bandopadhyay R, Bubacco L, Piccoli G, Cookson MR, Taymans JM, Greggio E. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 interacts with p21-activated kinase 6 to control neurite complexity in mammalian brain. J Neurochem 2015; 135:1242-56. [PMID: 26375402 PMCID: PMC4715492 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a causative gene for Parkinson's disease, but the physiological function and the mechanism(s) by which the cellular activity of LRRK2 is regulated are poorly understood. Here, we identified p21‐activated kinase 6 (PAK6) as a novel interactor of the GTPase/ROC domain of LRRK2. p21‐activated kinases are serine‐threonine kinases that serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac1 and have been implicated in different morphogenetic processes through remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton such as synapse formation and neuritogenesis. Using an in vivo neuromorphology assay, we show that PAK6 is a positive regulator of neurite outgrowth and that LRRK2 is required for this function. Analyses of post‐mortem brain tissue from idiopathic and LRRK2 G2019S carriers reveal an increase in PAK6 activation state, whereas knock‐out LRRK2 mice display reduced PAK6 activation and phosphorylation of PAK6 substrates. Taken together, these results support a critical role of LRRK2 GTPase domain in cytoskeletal dynamics in vivo through the novel interactor PAK6, and provide a valuable platform to unravel the mechanism underlying LRRK2‐mediated pathophysiology.
We propose p21‐activated kinase 6 (PAK6) as a novel interactor of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a kinase involved in Parkinson's disease (PD). In health, PAK6 regulates neurite complexity in the brain and LRRK2 is required for its function, (a) whereas PAK6 is aberrantly activated in LRRK2‐linked PD brain (b) suggesting that LRRK2 toxicity is mediated by PAK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Civiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alexandra Beilina
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Umberto Rodella
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Evy Lobbestael
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lauran Reyniers
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geshanthi Hondhamuni
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience UCL, Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Patrick A Lewis
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rina Bandopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience UCL, Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- San Raffaele Science Park and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Taymans
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Scheyltjens I, Laramée ME, Van den Haute C, Gijsbers R, Debyser Z, Baekelandt V, Vreysen S, Arckens L. Evaluation of the expression pattern of rAAV2/1, 2/5, 2/7, 2/8, and 2/9 serotypes with different promoters in the mouse visual cortex. J Comp Neurol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Scheyltjens
- KU Leuven; Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics; Department of Biology; Leuven Belgium
| | - Marie-Eve Laramée
- KU Leuven; Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics; Department of Biology; Leuven Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- KU Leuven; Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy; Department of Neurosciences; Leuven Belgium
- KU Leuven; Leuven Viral Vector Core; Leuven Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- KU Leuven; Leuven Viral Vector Core; Leuven Belgium
- KU Leuven; Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy; Leuven Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- KU Leuven; Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy; Leuven Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- KU Leuven; Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy; Department of Neurosciences; Leuven Belgium
| | - Samme Vreysen
- KU Leuven; Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics; Department of Biology; Leuven Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- KU Leuven; Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics; Department of Biology; Leuven Belgium
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Gerits A, Vancraeyenest P, Vreysen S, Laramée ME, Michiels A, Gijsbers R, Van den Haute C, Moons L, Debyser Z, Baekelandt V, Arckens L, Vanduffel W. Serotype-dependent transduction efficiencies of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors in monkey neocortex. Neurophotonics 2015; 2:031209. [PMID: 26839901 PMCID: PMC4729112 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.3.031209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Viral vector-mediated expression of genes (e.g., coding for opsins and designer receptors) has grown increasingly popular. Cell-type specific expression is achieved by altering viral vector tropism through crosspackaging or by cell-specific promoters driving gene expression. Detailed information about transduction properties of most recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) serotypes in macaque cortex is gradually becoming available. Here, we compare transduction efficiencies and expression patterns of reporter genes in two macaque neocortical areas employing different rAAV serotypes and promoters. A short version of the calmodulin-kinase-II (CaMKIIα0.4) promoter resulted in reporter gene expression in cortical neurons for all tested rAAVs, albeit with different efficiencies for spread: rAAV2/5>>rAAV2/7>rAAV2/8>rAAV2/9>>rAAV2/1 and proportion of transduced cells: rAAV2/1>rAAV2/5>rAAV2/7=rAAV2/9>rAAV2/8. In contrast to rodent studies, the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter appeared least efficient in macaque cortex. The human synapsin-1 promoter preceded by the CMV enhancer (enhSyn1) produced homogeneous reporter gene expression across all layers, while two variants of the CaMKIIα promoter resulted in different laminar transduction patterns and cell specificities. Finally, differences in expression patterns were observed when the same viral vector was injected in two neocortical areas. Our results corroborate previous findings that reporter-gene expression patterns and efficiency of rAAV transduction depend on serotype, promoter, cortical layer, and area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Gerits
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, O&N2 Herestraat 49 bus 10.21, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascaline Vancraeyenest
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, O&N2 Herestraat 49 bus 10.21, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samme Vreysen
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Faculty of Science, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie-Eve Laramée
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Faculty of Science, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Michiels
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Science, Naamsestraat 61, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Kapucijnenvoer 33, VCTB +5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Faculty of Science, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, O&N2 Herestraat 49 bus 10.21, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 13th street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 13th street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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40
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Van Rompuy AS, Oliveras-Salvá M, Van der Perren A, Corti O, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. Nigral overexpression of alpha-synuclein in the absence of parkin enhances alpha-synuclein phosphorylation but does not modulate dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:23. [PMID: 26099628 PMCID: PMC4477319 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-synuclein is a key protein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Mutations in the parkin gene are the most common cause of early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease, probably through a loss-of-function mechanism. However, the molecular mechanism by which loss of parkin function leads to the development of the disease and the role of alpha-synuclein in parkin-associated Parkinson's disease is still not elucidated. Conflicting results were reported about the effect of the absence of parkin on alpha-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity using a transgenic approach. In this study, we investigated the effect of loss of parkin on alpha-synuclein neuropathology and toxicity in adult rodent brain using viral vectors. Therefore, we overexpressed human wild type alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra of parkin knockout and wild type mice using two different doses of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors. RESULTS No difference was observed in nigral dopaminergic cell loss between the parkin knockout mice and wild type mice up to 16 weeks after viral vector injection. However, the level of alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine residue 129 in the substantia nigra was significantly increased in the parkin knockout mice compared to the wild type mice while the total expression level of alpha-synuclein was similar in both groups. The increased alpha-synuclein phosphorylation was confirmed in a parkin knockdown cell line. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a functional relationship between parkin and alpha-synuclein phosphorylation in rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Van Rompuy
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Marusela Oliveras-Salvá
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Olga Corti
- Inserm, U 975, CRICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France. .,UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S975, F-75013, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium. .,Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
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41
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Scheyltjens I, Laramée ME, Van den Haute C, Gijsbers R, Debyser Z, Baekelandt V, Vreysen S, Arckens L. Evaluation of the expression pattern of rAAV2/1, 2/5, 2/7, 2/8, and 2/9 serotypes with different promoters in the mouse visual cortex. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:2019-42. [PMID: 26012540 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the expression pattern, laminar distribution, and cell specificity of several rAAV serotypes (2/1, 2/5, 2/7, 2/8, and 2/9) injected in the primary visual cortex (V1) of adult C57Bl/6J mice. In order to obtain specific expression in certain neuron subtypes, different promoter sequences were evaluated for excitatory cell specificity: a universal cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, and two versions of the excitatory neuron-specific Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent kinase subunit α (CaMKIIα) promoter, CaMKIIα 0.4 and CaMKIIα 1.3. The spatial distribution as well as the cell type specificity was immunohistochemically verified. Depending on the rAAV serotype used, the transduced volume expressing reporter protein differed substantially (rAAV2/5 ≫ 2/7 ≈ 2/9 ≈ 2/8 ≫ 2/1). Excitatory neuron-specific targeting was promoter-dependent, with a surprising difference between the 1.3 kb and 0.4 kb CaMKIIα promoters. While CaMKIIα 1.3 and CMV carrying vectors were comparable, with 78% of the transduced neurons being excitatory for CMV and 82% for CaMKIIα 1.3, the shorter CaMKIIα 0.4 version resulted in 95% excitatory specificity. This study therefore puts forward the CaMKIIα 0.4 promoter as the best choice to target excitatory neurons with rAAVs. Together, these results can be used as an aid to select the most optimal vector system to deliver transgenes into specific rodent neocortical circuits, allowing further elucidation of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Scheyltjens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie-Eve Laramée
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samme Vreysen
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, Leuven, Belgium
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42
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Janssens K, Maheshwari A, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Stinissen P, Hendriks JJA, Slaets H, Hellings N. Oncostatin M protects against demyelination by inducing a protective microglial phenotype. Glia 2015; 63:1729-37. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Janssens
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Anurag Maheshwari
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy; KU Leuven; Kapucijnenvoer 33 Leuven Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven; Kapucijnenvoer 33 Leuven Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy; KU Leuven; Kapucijnenvoer 33 Leuven Belgium
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jerome J. A. Hendriks
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Helena Slaets
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
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Van der Perren A, Toelen J, Casteels C, Macchi F, Van Rompuy AS, Sarre S, Casadei N, Nuber S, Himmelreich U, Osorio Garcia MI, Michotte Y, D'Hooge R, Bormans G, Van Laere K, Gijsbers R, Van den Haute C, Debyser Z, Baekelandt V. Longitudinal follow-up and characterization of a robust rat model for Parkinson's disease based on overexpression of alpha-synuclein with adeno-associated viral vectors. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1543-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pereira L, Font-Nieves M, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Planas AM, Pozas E. IL-10 regulates adult neurogenesis by modulating ERK and STAT3 activity. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:57. [PMID: 25762897 PMCID: PMC4340210 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) contains Nestin+ progenitors that differentiate mainly into neuroblasts. Our previous data showed that interleukin-10 (IL-10) regulates SVZ adult neurogenesis by up-regulating the expression of pro-neural genes and modulating cell cycle exit. Here we addressed the specific mechanism through which IL-10 carries out its signaling on SVZ progenitors. We found that, in vitro and in vivo, IL-10 targets Nestin+ progenitors and activates the phosphorylation of ERK and STAT3. The action of IL-10 on Nestin+ progenitors is reversed by treatment with a MEK/ERK inhibitor, thus restoring neurogenesis to normal levels. Silencing STAT3 expression by lentiviral vectors also impaired neurogenesis by blocking the effects of IL-10. Our findings unveil ERK and STAT3 as effectors of IL-10 in adult SVZ neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Pereira
- Unit of Brain Ischemia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona Spain ; Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona Spain
| | - Miriam Font-Nieves
- Unit of Brain Ischemia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona Spain ; Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona Spain
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium ; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium
| | - Anna M Planas
- Unit of Brain Ischemia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona Spain ; Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona Spain
| | - Esther Pozas
- Unit of Brain Ischemia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona Spain ; Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona Spain
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Van der Perren A, Macchi F, Toelen J, Carlon MS, Maris M, de Loor H, Kuypers DRJ, Gijsbers R, Van den Haute C, Debyser Z, Baekelandt V. FK506 reduces neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in an α-synuclein-based rat model for Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1559-68. [PMID: 25660193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) is considered a key player in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the exact relationship between α-synuclein aggregation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration remains unresolved. There is increasing evidence that neuroinflammatory processes are closely linked to dopaminergic cell death, but whether the inflammatory process is causally involved in PD or rather reflects secondary consequences of nigrostriatal pathway injury is still under debate. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of the immunophilin ligand FK506 in a rAAV2/7 α-synuclein overexpression rat model. Treatment with FK506 significantly increased the survival of dopaminergic neurons in a dose-dependent manner. No reduction in α-synuclein aggregation was apparent in this time window, but FK506 significantly lowered the infiltration of both T helper and cytotoxic T cells and the number and subtype of microglia and macrophages. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of FK506 decrease neurodegeneration in this α-synuclein-based PD model, pointing to a causal role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Francesca Macchi
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jaan Toelen
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Marianne S Carlon
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Michael Maris
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Henriette de Loor
- Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven University Hospital and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk R J Kuypers
- Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven University Hospital and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Oliveras-Salvá M, Van Rompuy AS, Heeman B, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. Loss-of-function rodent models for parkin and PINK1. J Parkinsons Dis 2014; 1:229-51. [PMID: 23939304 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-2011-11041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder whose aetiology is not yet fully understood. In the past ten years, the discovery of genes linked to hereditary forms of the disease has impelled the development of animal models. These should lead to the identification of novel pathways that provide insight into the functionality of the proteins involved and the pathogenesis of the sporadic forms of the disease. In particular, loss-of-function mutations in the parkin and PINK1 (phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase 1) genes account for most of the cases of familial autosomal recessive parkinsonism. Both parkin and PINK1 knockout rodent models are now available, which display an overall mild phenotype consisting of a mitochondrial dysfunction together with changes in dopamine metabolism and oxidative stress. However, up till now these models fail to reproduce the main hallmarks of Parkinson's disease: the dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions, named Lewy bodies, in the remaining dopaminergic neurons. We here review the most important knockout and knockdown rodent models generated so far for these two recessive Parkinson's disease-causing genes. We critically feature their main characteristics and their impact on the research field, and propose some future directions for the study and modelling of the loss of function of parkin and PINK1 in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marusela Oliveras-Salvá
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Division of Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Oliveras-Salvá M, Macchi F, Coessens V, Deleersnijder A, Gérard M, Van der Perren A, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. Alpha-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration is exacerbated in PINK1 knockout mice. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2625-2636. [PMID: 25037286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the PINK1 gene lead to recessive forms of Parkinson's disease. Animal models with depleted PINK1 expression have failed to reproduce significant nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration and clear alpha-synuclein pathology, main characteristics of the disease. In this study, we investigated whether alpha-synuclein pathology is altered in the absence of PINK1 in cell culture and in vivo. We observed that downregulation of PINK1 enhanced alpha-synuclein aggregation and apoptosis in a neuronal cell culture model for synucleinopathy. Silencing of PINK1 expression in mouse substantia nigra using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors did not induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a long-term study up to 10 months, nor did it enhance or accelerate dopaminergic neurodegeneration after alpha-synuclein overexpression. However, in PINK1 knockout mice, overexpression of alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra resulted in enhanced dopaminergic neurodegeneration as well as significantly higher levels of alpha-synuclein phosphorylation at serine 129 at 4 weeks postinjection. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that total loss of PINK1 leads to an increased sensitivity to alpha-synuclein-induced neuropathology and cell death in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marusela Oliveras-Salvá
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Macchi
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Coessens
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angélique Deleersnijder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Research Centre KU Leuven-Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Melanie Gérard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Research Centre KU Leuven-Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Vandeputte C, Reumers V, Aelvoet SA, Thiry I, De Swaef S, Van den Haute C, Pascual-Brazo J, Farr TD, Vande Velde G, Hoehn M, Himmelreich U, Van Laere K, Debyser Z, Gijsbers R, Baekelandt V. Bioluminescence imaging of stroke-induced endogenous neural stem cell response. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 69:144-55. [PMID: 24878507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain injury following stroke affects neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain. However, a complete understanding of the origin and fate of the endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) in vivo is missing. Tools and technology that allow non-invasive imaging and tracking of eNSCs in living animals will help to overcome this hurdle. In this study, we aimed to monitor eNSCs in a photothrombotic (PT) stroke model using in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI). In a first strategy, inducible transgenic mice expressing firefly luciferase (Fluc) in the eNSCs were generated. In animals that received stroke, an increased BLI signal originating from the infarct region was observed. However, due to histological limitations, the identity and exact origin of cells contributing to the increased BLI signal could not be revealed. To overcome this limitation, we developed an alternative strategy employing stereotactic injection of conditional lentiviral vectors (Cre-Flex LVs) encoding Fluc and eGFP in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of Nestin-Cre transgenic mice, thereby specifically labeling the eNSCs. Upon induction of stroke, increased eNSC proliferation resulted in a significant increase in BLI signal between 2days and 2weeks after stroke, decreasing after 3months. Additionally, the BLI signal relocalized from the SVZ towards the infarct region during the 2weeks following stroke. Histological analysis at 90days post stroke showed that in the peri-infarct area, 36% of labeled eNSC progeny differentiated into astrocytes, while 21% differentiated into mature neurons. In conclusion, we developed and validated a novel imaging technique that unequivocally demonstrates that nestin(+) eNSCs originating from the SVZ respond to stroke injury by increased proliferation, migration towards the infarct region and differentiation into both astrocytes and neurons. In addition, this new approach allows non-invasive and specific monitoring of eNSCs over time, opening perspectives for preclinical evaluation of candidate stroke therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vandeputte
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; KU Leuven, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, MOSAIC, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Veerle Reumers
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Ann Aelvoet
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Irina Thiry
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sylvie De Swaef
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jesus Pascual-Brazo
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Tracy D Farr
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- KU Leuven, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, MOSAIC, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; KU Leuven, Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- KU Leuven, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, MOSAIC, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; KU Leuven, Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- KU Leuven, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, MOSAIC, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- KU Leuven, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, MOSAIC, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Viral Vector Core, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium; KU Leuven, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, MOSAIC, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
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Carlon MS, Vidović D, Dooley J, da Cunha MM, Maris M, Lampi Y, Toelen J, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Deprest J, Verbeken E, Liston A, Gijsbers R, Debyser Z. Immunological ignorance allows long-term gene expression after perinatal recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer to murine airways. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:517-28. [PMID: 24548076 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy of the lung has the potential to treat life-threatening diseases such as cystic fibrosis and α(1)-antitrypsin or surfactant deficiencies. A major hurdle for successful gene therapy is the development of an immune response against the transgene and/or viral vector. We hypothesized that by targeting the airways in the perinatal period, induction of an immune response against the vector particle could be prevented because of immaturity of the immune system, in turn allowing repeated gene transfer later in adult life to ensure long-term gene expression. Therefore, we readministered recombinant adeno-associated viral vector serotype 5 (rAAV2/5) to mouse airways 3 and 6 months after initial perinatal gene transfer. Our findings demonstrate that perinatal rAAV2/5-mediated gene transfer to the airways avoids a strong immune response. This immunological ignorance allows the readministration of an autologous vector later in adult life, resulting in efficient and stable gene transfer up to 7 months, without evidence of a decrease in transgene expression. Together, these data provide a basis to further explore perinatal gene therapy for pulmonary conditions with adequate gene expression up to 7 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne S Carlon
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
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Oliveras-Salvá M, Van der Perren A, Casadei N, Stroobants S, Nuber S, D'Hooge R, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. rAAV2/7 vector-mediated overexpression of alpha-synuclein in mouse substantia nigra induces protein aggregation and progressive dose-dependent neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2013; 8:44. [PMID: 24267638 PMCID: PMC4222878 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alpha-synuclein is a key protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is the main component of the Lewy bodies, a cardinal neuropathological feature in the disease. In addition, whole locus multiplications and point mutations in the gene coding for alpha-synuclein lead to autosomal dominant monogenic PD. Over the past decade, research on PD has impelled the development of new animal models based on alpha-synuclein. In this context, transgenic mouse lines have failed to reproduce several hallmarks of PD, especially the strong and progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration over time that occurs in the patients. In contrast, viral vector-based models in rats and non-human primates display prominent, although highly variable, nigral dopaminergic neuron loss. However, the few studies available on viral vector-mediated overexpression of alpha-synuclein in mice report a weak neurodegenerative process and no clear Lewy body-like pathology. To address this issue, we performed a comprehensive comparative study of alpha-synuclein overexpression by means of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors serotype 2/7 (rAAV2/7) at different doses in adult mouse substantia nigra. Results We noted a significant and dose-dependent alpha-synucleinopathy over time upon nigral viral vector-mediated alpha-synuclein overexpression. We obtained a strong, progressive and dose-dependent loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, reaching a maximum of 82% after 8 weeks. This effect correlated with a reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the striatum. Moreover, behavioural analysis revealed significant motor impairments from 12 weeks after injection on. In addition, we detected the presence of alpha-synuclein-positive aggregates in the remaining surviving neurons. When comparing wild-type to mutant A53T alpha-synuclein at the same vector dose, both induced a similar degree of cell death. These data were supported by a biochemical analysis that showed a net increase in soluble and insoluble alpha-synuclein expression over time to the same extent for both alpha-synuclein variants. Conclusions In conclusion, our in vivo data provide evidence that strong and significant alpha-synuclein-induced neuropathology and progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration can be achieved in mouse brain by means of rAAV2/7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marusela Oliveras-Salvá
- Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Kapucijnenvoer 33, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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