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Shan CQ, Liu QC, Li J, Liu E, Li C, Yu HM, Jiang GT, Liu Y, Tian J. Expression of chicken epidermal growth factor (cEGF) in Escherichia coli regulates the microflora structure of the duodenum to improve growth performance and intestinal morphogenesis in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:179-190. [PMID: 38372614 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2308274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
1. A study used gene synthesis to obtain the functional domains of chicken epidermal growth factor (cEGF) and examined their impact on broiler growth performance, small intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and the structure of duodenal microflora.2. The pET-32a-cEGF recombinant expression vector was constructed. The specific band at 26 KDa was shown by SDS-PAGE analysis and WB results. The purified protein content was shown to be 1687 μg/ml by assay.3. A total of 180 healthy, one-day-old Arbor Acres male, white-feathered broilers were randomly divided into three dietary treatment groups (six replicate pens, 10 birds per replicate): A control diet (ND); cEGF diet (cEGF), control supplemented with 250 mg/kg cEGF and the control diet (CD) supplemented with 250 mg/kg chlortetracycline.4. The results showed that feeding the cEGF and CD diet reduced FCR of broilers aged 1-21 d, average daily feed intake (ADFI) at 22-42 d, and the FCR in the whole period (1-42 d; p < 0.05). Compared with the ND group, the cEGF diet increased duodenal α-amylase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the 1-21 d, duodenal lipase, alkaline phosphatase, and ileal alkaline phosphatase activities in the post-period and increased villus height in the duodenum and ileum (p < 0.05). In addition, the ACE and Chao1 index for the birds fed cEGF were higher than the ND group (p < 0.05). At the phyla level, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant in all groups. At the genus level, the dominant genus was Lactobacillus. The LEfSe analysis showed that the cEGF group was enriched by 11 species including Brevibacillus, Eisenbergiella, Cloacibacterium, Butyricoccus spp.5. The addition of 250 mg/kg cEGF to the diet can increase growth performance by improving intestinal development and digestive enzyme activity, which may be related to the duodenal intestinal microflora. Therefore, cEGF is an effective alternative to antibiotics in broiler farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Shan
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Q C Liu
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - J Li
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - E Liu
- Research Quality Control Centre, Jiangsu Sanyi Bioengineering Co Ltd, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Li
- Research Quality Control Centre, Jiangsu Sanyi Bioengineering Co Ltd, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - H M Yu
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - G T Jiang
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Y Liu
- Dalian Sanyi Bioengineering Research Institute, Dalian Pharmaceutical Sanyi Drugs Co Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - J Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Dietary Epidermal Growth Factor Supplementation Alleviates Intestinal Injury in Piglets with Intrauterine Growth Retardation via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Enhancing Intestinal Glucose Transport and Barrier Function. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172245. [PMID: 36077965 PMCID: PMC9454730 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
EGF plays an important role in the intestinal repair and nutrients transport of animals. However, the effect of EGF on the intestinal health of piglets with IUGR has not been reported. Thus, the present study was performed to investigate the effects of EGF on the intestinal morphology, glucose absorption, antioxidant capacity, and barrier function of piglets with IUGR. A total of 6 NBW piglets and 12 IUGR piglets were randomly divided into three treatments: NC group (NBW piglets fed with basal diet, n = 6), IC group (IUGR piglets fed with basal diet, n = 6), and IE group (IUGR piglets fed with basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg EGF, n = 6). Growth performance, serum biochemical profile, jejunum histomorphology, jejunum glucose absorption and antioxidant capacity, and jejunal barrier function were measured. The results showed that EGF supplementation significantly increased the final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of piglets with IUGR; EGF supplementation significantly increased the total protein (TP), glucose (GLU), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels compared with the IUGR piglets in the IC group; EGF administration effectively exhibited an increased jejunum villus height (VH) and the villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio (V/C) of IUGR piglets compared with the IC group; EGF supplementation significantly increased sodium/potassium-transporting adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) activity, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, glucose transporter sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPK-α1) mRNA expressions in the jejunum of IUGR piglets compared with the IC group; EGF supplementation exhibited increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels, tended to increase glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities, and tended to decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the jejunum of IUGR piglets compared with the IC group; EGF supplementation significantly increased ZO-1, Claudin-1, Occludin, and MUC2 mRNA expressions and improved secreted immunoglobulin A (sIgA) secretion in the jejunum of IUGR piglets compared with the IC group and tended to decrease the interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in the jejunum of IUGR piglets compared with the IC group. Pearson’s correlation analysis further showed that EGF can promote intestinal development and nutrient absorption by promoting intestinal barrier function, thus improving the growth performance of IUGR piglets.
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Xue J, Xie L, Liu B, Zhou L, Hu Y, Ajuwon KM, Fang R. Dietary Supplementation of EGF Ameliorates the Negatively Effects of LPS on Early-Weaning Piglets: From Views of Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Microelement Absorption and Possible Mechanisms. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061598. [PMID: 34071588 PMCID: PMC8227379 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aims to investigate how epidermal growth factor (EGF) attenuates the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microelement absorption of early-weaned pigs. A total of 48 early weaned piglets were randomly distributed to four groups consisting of a 2 × 2 factorial design. The main factors were the level of LPS (HLPS = high LPS: 100 μg/kg body weight; ZLPS = low LPS: 0 μg/kg body weight) and EGF (HEGF = high EGF: 2 mg/kg diet; ZEGF = low EGF: 0 mg/kg diet). Each group had four replicates and each replicate consisted of three piglets. The results showed that HLPS level decreased the growth performance and the apparent digestibility of crude fat, while HEGF level increased the average daily feed intake. The concentration of most microelements in the gastrointestinal tract chyme and feces were increased by HLPS level and decreased by HEGF level. The expression levels of most microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues were decreased by HLPS level and increased by HEGF level. In conclusion, dietary EGF could attenuate the negative effect of LPS exposure on the apparent digestibility of crude fat and microelement absorption through changing the expression levels of microelement transport-relative genes. EGF can be used as an additive to increase the essential trace elements absorption in the early weaning piglets. Abstract Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in nutrients absorption. However, whether it can be an effective additive to improve the growth performance and nutrients absorption in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged early weaning piglets is still unknown. A 14-days trial was conducted to investigate how EGF attenuates the effect of LPS on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microelement absorption of early-weaned pigs, and study the underlying mechanism. A total of 48 early weaned piglets, aged 25 days, were randomly distributed to four groups (control, EGF, LPS and EGF + LPS groups) consisting of a 2 × 2 factorial design. The main factors were the level of LPS (HLPS = high LPS: 100 μg/kg body weight; ZLPS = low LPS: 0 μg/kg body weight) and EGF (HEGF = high EGF: 2 mg/kg diet; ZEGF = low EGF: 0 mg/kg diet). Each group had four replicates and each replicate consisted of three piglets. The results showed that piglets injected with HLPS level significantly decreased the average daily gain (ADG), and significantly increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the piglets injected with ZLPS level, while piglets fed HEGF level significantly increased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with the piglets fed ZEGF level (p < 0.05). Piglets injected with HLPS level significantly decreased the apparent digestibility of crude fat compared with the piglets injected with ZLPS level (p < 0.05). Piglets injected with HLPS level significantly increased the concentration of most microelements in the gastrointestinal tract chyme and feces, and significantly decreased the expression levels of most microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues compared with the piglets injected with ZLPS level (p < 0.05). Piglets fed HEGF level significantly decreased the concentration of microelement in the gastrointestinal tract chyme and feces, and significantly increased the expression levels of the microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues compared with the piglets fed ZEGF level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary EGF could attenuate the negative effect of LPS exposure on the apparent digestibility of crude fat and microelement absorption of early-weaning piglets. EGF and LPS influenced the absorption of essential trace element through changing the expression levels of microelement transport-relative genes in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tissues. In the early weaning piglets, EGF can be used as an additive to increase the essential trace elements absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.X.); (B.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liang Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.X.); (B.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.X.); (B.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.X.); (B.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yajun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.X.); (B.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kolapo Matthew Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA;
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.X.); (B.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0)731-8618177
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Zhou J, Yao J, Bai L, Sun C, Lu J. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of gEGF on the Growth Performance and Immunity of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051394. [PMID: 34068418 PMCID: PMC8153569 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
EGF has been shown to stimulate the growth of animals. In this study, the content of EGF in chicken embryos (gallus EGF, gEGF) aged from 1 to 20 days of incubation were determined by ELISA kit, and the 5-day-old chicken embryos with the highest content of 5593 pg/g were selected to make gEGF crude extracts. A total of 1500 1-day-old Xianju chickens were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates of 50 chickens each. The control group was fed a basal diet, and other treatment diets were supplemented with 4, 8, 16 and 32 ng/kg gEGF crude extract, respectively. The experiment lasted for 30 days. Chicks were harvested at the end of the experiment, and liver, spleen, thymus, bursa and serum samples were collected. Results showed that average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of 16 ng/kg group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The serum uric acid (UA) of the 16 ng/kg group was reduced (p < 0.01), and the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of the 16 ng/kg group increased (p < 0.01). The gEGF extract also increased chick's antioxidant capacity, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased catalase (CAT) in the liver and serum of 16 ng/kg groups in compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, immunity was improved by the addition of gEGF to broiler diets. The serum immunoglobin A (IgA) content of 8 and 16 ng/kg groups and the serum immunoglobin M (IgM) content of 4 and 8 ng/kg groups were increased (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. The bursa index of each experimental group was higher than the control group (p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that the crude extract of gEGF prepared in this experiment could improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhou
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yongyou Industry Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572000, China;
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Y.); (L.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Jingyi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Y.); (L.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Luhong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Y.); (L.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Chuansong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Y.); (L.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.Y.); (L.B.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88982511
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Expression of Gallus Epidermal Growth Factor (gEGF) with Food-Grade Lactococcus lactis Expression System and Its Biological Effects on Broiler Chickens. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010103. [PMID: 33466817 PMCID: PMC7829775 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a multifunctional polypeptide, epidermal growth factor (EGF) increases growth performance or enhances resistance to diseases in commercial broilers under adverse conditions. In this study, a recombinant Lactococcus lactis was established to produce the secretory form of bioactive gEGF. The results of in vitro testing showed that gEGF promoted the proliferation of chicken embryo fibroblast cells. A total of 63 5-day-old broiler chickens were evenly divided into three groups and treated with either M17 medium (the control group), supernatant of LL-pNZ8149 fermentation product (the P-LL group), or supernatant of LL-pNZ8149-gEGF fermentation product (the gEGF group). In two weeks, many measurements of growth, immunity and the intestines were significantly higher in the gEGF group than those in the control and the P-LL groups. Our study showed that the bioactive gEGF could be expressed with Lactococcus lactis expression system with the potential to enhance growth performance, immune function, and intestinal development in broiler chickens.
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A Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Biological Pathways and Candidate Genes for Feed Efficiency in DLY Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090725. [PMID: 31540540 PMCID: PMC6771153 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed cost accounts for approximately 65–75% of overall commercial pork production costs. Therefore, improving the feed efficiency of pig production is important. In this study, 12 individuals with either extremely high (HE) or low (LE) feed efficiency were selected from 225 Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) pigs. After the pigs were slaughtered, we collected small intestine mucosal tissue. Next, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was used to reveal the presence and quantity of genes expressed between these extremely HE- and LE-groups. We found 433 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the HE- and LE-groups. Of these, 389 and 44 DEGs were upregulated and downregulated in the HE-group, respectively. An enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in functions related to apical plasma membrane composition, transporter activity, transport process and hormone regulation of digestion and absorption. Protein network interaction and gene function analyses revealed that SLC2A2 was an important candidate gene for FE in pigs, which may give us a deeper understanding of the mechanism of feed efficiency. Furthermore, some significant DEGs identified in the current study could be incorporated into artificial selection programs for increased feeding efficiency in pigs.
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Chen X, Yang Z, Hu H, Duan W, Wang A, Dong Y, Gao W, Deng S, Cheng B, Li J, Sun N, Cheng Z, Guo W, Li Y, Gao Y. Differentiation and Proliferation of Intestinal Stem Cells and its Underlying Regulated Mechanisms during Weaning. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:690-695. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190125101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Weaning is a stressful event associated with gastrointestinal disorders and increased disease
susceptibility. Many studies have reported the changes that happened in the gut of various mammals such
as pigs and rats after weaning. These findings suggest that the development of intestinal tract mainly is
affected at the time of weaning through interfering in the differentiation and proliferation of intestinal
stem cells. Weaning stress stimulates the rapid differentiation and proliferation of intestinal stem cells in
order to adjust to changes caused by weaning, which are mainly manifested as deeper crypt depth and
decreased intestine villus height. However, the accelerated cellular process may lead to an increase in
the proportion of immature intestinal epithelial cells and goblet cells, which affect intestinal permeability
and reduce the gut-barrier function against toxins and pathogens. This review briefly describes the effects
coforticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and polyamines on the differentiation
and proliferation of intestinal stem cells after weaning and discusses its possible underlying regulatory
mechanisms. Firstly, weaning stress activates CRF to binds its receptors, which induces proinflammatory
responses and promote rapid differentiation and proliferation of intestinal stem cells to a
larger fraction of immature intestinal epithelial cells and goblet cells. Secondly, the lack of EGF after
weaning inhibits the expression of goblet cell maturation factors and makes it difficult for goblet cells
and intestinal epithelial cells to mature. Finally, diet and endogenous synthesis lead to excessive polyamines
in the intestine, which promote the proliferation of intestinal stem cells by regulating the expression
of human antigen R (HuR) and other related genes at the time of weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zehong Yang
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Wentao Duan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Weihang Gao
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Song Deng
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Nannan Sun
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhibin Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Wenfeng Guo
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yanwu Li
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Piwei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
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Wang L, Zhu F, Yang H, Li J, Li Y, Ding X, Xiong X, Yin Y. Effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor on nutrient digestibility, intestinal development and expression of nutrient transporters in early-weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:618-625. [PMID: 30659707 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The abnormalities in intestinal morphology and digestive function during weaning are associated with the loss of milk-borne growth factors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to stimulate the growth of animals. This study was to determine the effect of dietary EGF on nutrient digestibility, intestinal development and the expression of genes encoding nutrient transporters in weaned piglets. Forty-two piglets were weaned at 21 days and assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet + 200 µg/kg EGF or (3) basal diet + 400 µg/kg EGF. Each treatment consisted of 14 replicates, and seven piglets from each treatment were sampled on day 7 and 14. The EGF supplementation significantly elevated (p < 0.05) the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, but tended to decrease sucrase activity (p < 0.10) than the control group. At day 7 post-weaning, animals receiving EGF diets showed a tendency (p < 0.10) towards greater ileal villus height (VH), jejunal crypt depth (CD) and duodenal VH:CD when compared with the control group. Moreover, the mRNA levels of glucose transporter 2 (Slc2a2), neutral amino acid transporter (Slc6a19) and calbindin D9k (S100G) tended to be higher (p < 0.10) for EGF groups than the control group. By day 14, EGF supplementation markedly enhanced (p < 0.05) the VH, CD and VH:CD in the jejunum compared to the control group. This addition also up-regulated (p < 0.05) the mRNA level and the protein abundance of peptide transporter 1 than the control group. These findings demonstrated that dietary EGF beneficially enhanced nutrient digestibility, improved intestinal development and increased the mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueqin Ding
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
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Levesque CL, Akhtar N, Huynh E, Walk C, Wilcock P, Zhang Z, Dyce PW, de Lange CFM, Khafipour E, Li J. The impact of epidermal growth factor supernatant on pig performance and ileal microbiota. Transl Anim Sci 2018; 2:184-194. [PMID: 32704702 PMCID: PMC7200883 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Weaning of pigs can lead to low-feed intake resulting in a lag in growth performance, reduced gut health, and diarrheal diseases. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), the most abundant growth factor in milk, increased weaned pig BW gain and feed efficiency in our previous work. It is believed that intestinal microbiota plays an important role in gut health and pig growth, but limited data are available on the impact of feed additives, such as EGF, on the microbial communities of the intestines. The objective of the study was to investigate if the positive influence of EGF supplementation on weight gain and gut health was related to differences in intestinal microbiota. To examine the efficacy of EGF, a 21-d animal trial was performed using 72 pigs (two equal blocks of 36 pigs with three barrows and three gilts/pen). Pigs were assigned to one of two dietary treatments at weaning (20 ± 2 d of age; n = 6 pens/treatment) balancing across treatment for litter, gender, and initial BW. Recombinant yeast supernatant containing EGF at 120 μg/kg BW/d and without EGF (control) was added to the feed for 21 d, followed by a common diet for 7 d. Pig performance was measured weekly and ileal digesta was collected at day 21 from six pigs/treatment for microbiome analysis. Pigs fed diets containing EGF fermentation supernatant had greater (P = 0.01) daily gain in week 3 and overall resulting in heavier (P = 0.029) BW at day 28, which was consistent to our previous finding. No difference in alpha-diversity (Chao1, Shanon, and Simpson indices) and beta-diversity (weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances) of ileal digesta microbiota between EGF supplemented and control pigs were observed. The relative abundances of bacterial taxa did not differ among treatment groups at the phylum level. The relative abundances of Corynebacterium (0.0 vs. 0.9%), Blautia (0.003 vs. 0.26%), and Coprococcus (0.0 vs. 0.05%) genera, and Rumminococcaceae family (0.001 vs. 0.08%) were decreased (P < 0.05) in EGF group compared to control and were negatively correlated (P < 0.05, r > 0.60) with growth performance. Pathways related to detoxification and carbohydrate metabolism were differentially represented in the luminal bacterial populations. The improved growth of pigs supplemented with EGF supernatant produced by Pichia pastoris may be related to changes in functional capacity of the gut microbial populations. However, the impact on mucosa-associated or large intestinal communities is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Levesque
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evanna Huynh
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carrie Walk
- AB Vista, Woodstock Court Blenheim Road, Mariborough Busiess Park, Mariborough Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Wilcock
- AB Vista, Woodstock Court Blenheim Road, Mariborough Busiess Park, Mariborough Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Paul W Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Cornelius F M de Lange
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,AB Vista, Woodstock Court Blenheim Road, Mariborough Busiess Park, Mariborough Wiltshire, United Kingdom.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Lu Y, Yan H, Deng J, Huang Z, Jin X, Yu Y, Hu Q, Hu F, Wang J. Development and evaluation of an efficient heterologous gene knock-in reporter system in Lactococcus lactis. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:154. [PMID: 28923077 PMCID: PMC5604289 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lactococcus lactis is a food grade probiotics and widely used to express heterologous proteins. Generally, target genes are knocked into the L. lactis genome through double-crossover recombination to express heterologous proteins stably. However, creating marker-less heterologous genes knocked-in clones is laborious. In this study, an efficient heterologous gene knock-in reporter system was developed in L. lactis NZ9000. Results Our knock-in reporter system consists of a temperature-sensitive plasmid pJW and a recombinant L. lactis strain named NZB. The pJW contains homologous arms, and was constructed to knock-in heterologous genes at a fixed locus of NZ9000 genome. lacZ (β-galactosidase) gene was knocked into the chromosome of NZ9000 as a counter-selective marker through the plasmid pJW to generate NZB. The engineered NZB strain formed blue colonies on X-Gal plate. The desired double-crossover mutants formed white colonies distinctive from the predominantly blue colonies (parental and plasmid-integrated clones) when the embedded lacZ was replaced with the target heterologous genes carried by pJW in NZB. Conclusions By using the system, the heterologous gene knocked-in clones are screened by colony phenotype change rather than by checking colonies individually. Our new knock-in reporter system provides an efficient method to create heterologous genes knocked-in clones. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0770-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongxiang Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiezhong Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xurui Jin
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanlan Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qiwen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fuquan Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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11
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Zhang Y, Yu B, Lu Y, Wang J, Liang J, Tufarelli V, Laudadio V, Liao X. Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions to Reduce Anti-Nutritive Factors in Soybean Meal. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.T. Zhang
- College of Animal Science; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - B. Yu
- Shenzhen Agro-Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd.; Shenzhen China
| | - Y.H. Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - J. Wang
- College of Food Science; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - J.B. Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
| | - V. Tufarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO); Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Study of Bari Aldo Moro; Bari Italy
| | - V. Laudadio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO); Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Study of Bari Aldo Moro; Bari Italy
| | - X.D. Liao
- College of Animal Science; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
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12
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Pluske JR. Invited review: Aspects of gastrointestinal tract growth and maturation in the pre- and postweaning period of pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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13
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Effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor-expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae on duodenal development in weaned piglets. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1509-20. [PMID: 26983845 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae on duodenal development in weaned piglets. In total, forty piglets weaned at 21-26 d of age were assigned to one of the five groups that were provided basic diet (control group) or diet supplemented with S. cerevisiae expressing either empty-vector (INVSc1(EV) group), tagged EGF (T-EGF) (INVSc1-TE(-) group), extracellular EGF (EE-EGF) (INVSc1-EE(+) group) or intracellular EGF (IE-EGF) (INVSc1-IE(+) group). All treatments were delivered as 60·00 μg/kg body weight EGF/d. On 0, 7, 14 and 21 d, eight piglets per treatment were sacrificed to analyse the morphology, activities and mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes, as well as Ig levels (IgA, IgM, IgG) in duodenal mucosa. The results showed significant improvement on 7, 14 and 21 d, with respect to average daily gain (P<0·05), mucosa morphology (villus height and crypt depth) (P<0·05), Ig levels (P<0·01), activities and mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes (creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and sucrase) (P<0·05) and the mRNA expression of EGF-receptor (P<0·01) in NVSc1-TE(-), INVSc1-EE(+) and INVSc1-IE(+) groups compared with control and INVSc1(EV) groups. In addition, a trend was observed in which the INVSc1-IE(+) group showed an improvement in Ig levels (0·05<P<0·10), mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes and EGF-receptor (P<0·05) compared with NVSc1-TE(-) and INVSc1-EE(+) groups. These results indicate that supplementing recombinant EGF-expressing S. cerevisiae to the diet of weaned piglets enhanced duodenal development. Moreover, biological activity (Ig levels, mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes and EGF-receptor) of IE-EGF was better than either EE-EGF or T-EGF.
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Huynh E, Li J. Generation of Lactococcus lactis capable of coexpressing epidermal growth factor and trefoil factor to enhance in vitro wound healing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4667-77. [PMID: 25833182 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) are peptides that actively support the restitution and repair of mucosal epithelial barriers. Previous studies have shown that TFF3 enhanced EGF effect in wound healing, suggesting that the combined application of the two factors may be advantageous in clinical tissue repair. Expression of multiple proteins in a single host is a desirable approach in a biotechnological process, allowing to reduce cost and increase production efficiency. The aim of the present study was to study the feasibility of coexpressing EGF and TFF3 in food grade bacteria, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis). Using an expression construct allowing simultaneous translation of two separate recombinant peptides, we generated a L. lactis that coexpressed and secreted EGF and TFF3 dually (LL-ET). Western blot analysis revealed that LL-ET secreted 45-54 % more total recombinant peptides (EGF+TFF3) per flask fermentation and 21-37 % more total recombinant proteins in bioreactor fermentation compared to their single factor expressing L. lactis counterparts (LL-EGF and LL-TFF3, respectively). The resulted recombinant EGF and TFF3 showed enhancement in wound healing activity in vitro. Our data suggest that the dual expression and secretion of EGF and TFF3 by L. lactis effectively accelerated cell migration, demonstrating potential future oral application of L. lactis fermentation product containing dual factors or a cocktail of factors to potentially treat intestinal damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanna Huynh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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15
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Comparison of the biological activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-expressed intracellular EGF, extracellular EGF, and tagged EGF in early-weaned pigs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7125-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Bedford A, Chen T, Huynh E, Zhu C, Medeiros S, Wey D, de Lange C, Li J. Epidermal growth factor containing culture supernatant enhances intestine development of early-weaned pigs in vivo: potential mechanisms involved. J Biotechnol 2015; 196-197:9-19. [PMID: 25615942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously generated epidermal factor expressing Lactococcus lactis (EGF-LL) using a bioengineering approach, and shown that EGF-LL fermentation supernatant enhanced newly weaned pigs growth. The objective of the current study was to further understand the mechanisms behind this improved performance. Sixty-four piglets were weaned at 3 weeks of age and then fed ad libitum according to a 2-phase feeding program. Four pens with 8 pigs per pen were assigned to each of two treatments for 3 weeks: (1) EGF containing supernatant from EGF-LL culture (SuperEGF) or (2) blank M17GE media (Control). Consistent with previous findings, SuperEGF pigs had an increased average daily gain during week 3 post-weaning (433.4 ± 10.86 vs 388.7 ± 7.76 g; P<0.05) and overall gain:feed ratio (0.757 ± 0.03 vs 0.677 ± 0.01 kg/kg, P < 0.05). Moreover, jejunal structure development was enhanced, and inflammation index was minimized in SuperEGF pigs as indicated by increased villi height (P<0.05), decreased lamina propria width (P<0.05), and higher expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-13 (P<0.05). Further, goblet cell numbers and Muc2 levels were increased in SuperEGF pigs. Interestingly, the weaning-induced decrease of glucose cotransporter sodium-glucose linked transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP2) levels was reversed by SuperEGF supplementation. Our findings add to our understanding of the mechanisms behind enhancing piglet performance by EGF containing fermentation product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bedford
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Canada; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Evanna Huynh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Cuilan Zhu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Samantha Medeiros
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Doug Wey
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Cornelis de Lange
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Canada.
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Wang S, Zhou L, Chen H, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Yang J, Huang Y, Guo C. Analysis of the biological activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing intracellular EGF, extracellular EGF, and tagged EGF in early-weaned rats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2179-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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