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Li J, Wang S, Miao Y, Wan Y, Li C, Wang Y. Mining and modification of Oryza sativa-derived squalene epoxidase for improved β-amyrin production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 2023; 375:1-11. [PMID: 37597655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
β-Amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and has anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The synthetic pathway of β-amyrin has been analyzed and its heterogeneous synthesis has been achieved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Squalene epoxidase (SQE) catalyzes the oxygenation of squalene to form 2,3-oxidosqualene and is rate-limiting in the synthetic pathways of β-amyrin. The endogenous SQE in S. cerevisiae is insufficient for high production of β-amyrin. Herein, eight squalene epoxidases derived from different plants were selected and characterized in S. cerevisiae for improved biosynthesis of β-amyrin. Among them, the squalene epoxidase from Oryza sativa (OsSQE52) showed the best performance compared to other plant-derived sources. Through protein remodeling, the mutant OsSQE52L256R, obtained based on modeling analysis, increased the titer of β-amyrin by 2.43-fold compared to that in the control strain with ERG1 overexpressed under the same conditions. Moreover, the expression of OsSQE52L256R was optimized with the improvement of precursor supply to further increase the production of β-amyrin. Finally, the constructed strains produced 66.97 mg/L β-amyrin in the shake flask, which was 6.45-fold higher than the original strain. Our study provides alternative SQEs for efficient production of β-amyrin as well as other triterpenoids derived from 2,3-oxidosqualene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ya Wan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Zhou Y, Wei Y, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Jiao X. A ( S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase Belonging to the 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Family Facilitates Hydroxyacid Degradation in Anaerobic Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0036623. [PMID: 37255440 PMCID: PMC10305046 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00366-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies, including acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone, are produced in the liver of animals during glucose starvation. Enzymes for the metabolism of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate have been extensively studied, but little is known about the metabolism of its enantiomer (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate. Here, we report the characterization of a novel pathway for the degradation of (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate in anaerobic bacteria. We identify and characterize a stereospecific (S)-3-hydroxylbutyrate dehydrogenase (3SHBDH) from Desulfotomaculum ruminis, which catalyzes the reversible NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of acetoacetate to form (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate. 3SHBDH also catalyzes oxidation of d-threonine (2R, 3S) and l-allo-threonine (2S, 3S), consistent with its specificity for β-(3S)-hydroxy acids. Isothermal calorimetry experiments support a sequential mechanism involving binding of NADH prior to (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate. Homologs of 3SHBDH are present in anaerobic fermenting and sulfite-reducing bacteria, and experiments with Clostridium pasteurianum showed that 3SHBDH, acetate CoA-transferase (YdiF), and (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (Hbd) are involved together in the degradation of (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate as a carbon and energy source for growth. (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate is a human metabolic marker and a chiral precursor for chemical synthesis, suggesting potential applications of 3SHBDH in diagnostics or the chemicals industry. IMPORTANCE (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate is well studied as a component of ketone bodies produced by the liver and of bacterial polyesters. However, the biochemistry of its enantiomer (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate is poorly understood. This study describes the identification and characterization of a stereospecific (S)-3-hydroxylbutyrate dehydrogenase and its function in a metabolic pathway for the degradation of (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate as a carbon and energy source in anaerobic bacteria. (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate is a mammalian metabolic marker and a precursor for chemical synthesis and bioplastics, suggesting potential applications of these enzymes in diagnostics and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture of China), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yifeng Wei
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality (Ministry of Agriculture of China), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Hoang Trung Chau T, Duc Nguyen A, Lee EY. Engineering type I methanotrophic bacteria as novel platform for sustainable production of 3-hydroxybutyrate and biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate from methane and xylose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127898. [PMID: 36108944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum20Z recombinant strain co-utilizing methane and xylose from anthropogenic activities and lignocellulose biomassis a promising cell factory platform. In this study, the production of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) inM. alcaliphilum20Z was demonstrated. The production of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate was optimized by introducing additional thioesterase, and a tunable genetic module. The final recombinant strain produced the highest titer of 334.52 ± 2 mg/L (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (yield of 1,853 ± 429 mg/g dry cell weight). The poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) yielded 1.29 ± 0.08% (w/w) from methane and xylose in one-stage cultivation. Moreover, the study demonstrated the importance of pathway reversibility as an effective design strategy for balancing the driving force and intermediate accumulation. This is the first demonstration of the production ofbiodegradablepoly (3-hydroxybutyrate) from methane in type I methanotrophs, which is a key step toward sustainable biomanufacturing and carbon-neutral society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Hoang Trung Chau
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Anh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea.
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Son J, Joo JC, Baritugo KA, Jeong S, Lee JY, Lim HJ, Lim SH, Yoo JI, Park SJ. Consolidated microbial production of four-, five-, and six-carbon organic acids from crop residues: Current status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127001. [PMID: 35292386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The production of platform organic acids has been heavily dependent on petroleum-based industries. However, petrochemical-based industries that cannot guarantee a virtuous cycle of carbons released during various processes are now facing obsolescence because of the depletion of finite fossil fuel reserves and associated environmental pollutions. Thus, the transition into a circular economy in terms of the carbon footprint has been evaluated with the development of efficient microbial cell factories using renewable feedstocks. Herein, the recent progress on bio-based production of organic acids with four-, five-, and six-carbon backbones, including butyric acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid (C4), 5-aminolevulinic acid and citramalic acid (C5), and hexanoic acid (C6), is discussed. Then, the current research on the production of C4-C6 organic acids is illustrated to suggest future directions for developing crop-residue based consolidated bioprocessing of C4-C6 organic acids using host strains with tailor-made capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kei-Anne Baritugo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seona Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Karim AS, Dudley QM, Juminaga A, Yuan Y, Crowe SA, Heggestad JT, Garg S, Abdalla T, Grubbe WS, Rasor BJ, Coar DN, Torculas M, Krein M, Liew F, Quattlebaum A, Jensen RO, Stuart JA, Simpson SD, Köpke M, Jewett MC. In vitro prototyping and rapid optimization of biosynthetic enzymes for cell design. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:912-919. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Yañez L, Conejeros R, Vergara-Fernández A, Scott F. Beyond Intracellular Accumulation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Chiral Hydroxyalkanoic Acids and Polymer Secretion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:248. [PMID: 32318553 PMCID: PMC7147478 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are ubiquitous prokaryotic storage compounds of carbon and energy, acting as sinks for reducing power during periods of surplus of carbon source relative to other nutrients. With close to 150 different hydroxyalkanoate monomers identified, the structure and properties of these polyesters can be adjusted to serve applications ranging from food packaging to biomedical uses. Despite its versatility and the intensive research in the area over the last three decades, the market share of PHAs is still low. While considerable rich literature has accumulated concerning biochemical, physiological, and genetic aspects of PHAs intracellular accumulation, the costs of substrates and processing costs, including the extraction of the polymer accumulated in intracellular granules, still hampers a more widespread use of this family of polymers. This review presents a comprehensive survey and critical analysis of the process engineering and metabolic engineering strategies reported in literature aimed at the production of chiral (R)-hydroxycarboxylic acids (RHAs), either from the accumulated polymer or by bypassing the accumulation of PHAs using metabolically engineered bacteria, and the strategies developed to recover the accumulated polymer without using conventional downstream separations processes. Each of these topics, that have received less attention compared to PHAs accumulation, could potentially improve the economy of PHAs production and use. (R)-hydroxycarboxylic acids can be used as chiral precursors, thanks to its easily modifiable functional groups, and can be either produced de-novo or be obtained from recycled PHA products. On the other hand, efficient mechanisms of PHAs release from bacterial cells, including controlled cell lysis and PHA excretion, could reduce downstream costs and simplify the polymer recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Yañez
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Conejeros
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alberto Vergara-Fernández
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Scott
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Song X, Wang Y, Diao J, Li S, Chen L, Zhang W. Direct Photosynthetic Production of Plastic Building Block Chemicals from CO 2. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1080:215-238. [PMID: 30091097 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxy acids have attracted attention as building block chemicals due to their roles as precursors for the production of various pharmaceuticals, vitamins, antibiotics, and flavor compounds as well as monomers for biodegradable plastic polyesters. The current approach to hydroxy acid production relies on nonrenewable fossil resources such as petroleum for raw materials, raising issues such as the rising costs of starting materials and environmental incompatibility. Recently, synthetic biology approaches based on the rational design and reconstruction of new biological systems were implemented to produce chemicals from a variety of renewable substrates. In addition to research using heterotrophic organic carbon-dependent Escherichia coli or yeasts, photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria possessing the ability to absorb solar radiation and fix carbon dioxide (CO2) as a sole carbon source have been engineered into a new type of microbial cell factory to directly produce hydroxy acids from CO2. In this chapter, recent progress regarding the direct photosynthetic production of three important hydroxy acids-3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP), 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3-HV)-from CO2 in cyanobacteria is summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Song
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinjin Diao
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Shubin Li
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China.
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Biernacki M, Riechen J, Hähnel U, Roick T, Baronian K, Bode R, Kunze G. Production of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid by Arxula adeninivorans. AMB Express 2017; 7:4. [PMID: 28050847 PMCID: PMC5209319 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid can be used in industrial and health applications. The synthesis pathway comprises two enzymes, β-ketothiolase and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase which convert cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid [(R)-3-HB] which is released into the culture medium. In the present study we used the non-conventional yeast, Arxula adeninivorans, for the synthesis enantiopure (R)-3-HB. To establish optimal production, we investigated three different endogenous yeast thiolases (Akat1p, Akat2p, Akat4p) and three bacterial thiolases (atoBp, thlp, phaAp) in combination with an enantiospecific reductase (phaBp) from Cupriavidus necator H16 and endogenous yeast reductases (Atpk2p, Afox2p). We found that Arxula is able to release (R)-3-HB used an existing secretion system negating the need to engineer membrane transport. Overexpression of thl and phaB genes in organisms cultured in a shaking flask resulted in 4.84 g L−1 (R)-3-HB, at a rate of 0.023 g L−1 h−1 over 214 h. Fed-batch culturing with glucose as a carbon source did not improve the yield, but a similar level was reached with a shorter incubation period [3.78 g L−1 of (R)-3-HB at 89 h] and the rate of production was doubled to 0.043 g L−1 h−1 which is higher than any levels in yeast reported to date. The secreted (R)-3-HB was 99.9% pure. This is the first evidence of enantiopure (R)-3-HB synthesis using yeast as a production host and glucose as a carbon source.
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Gulevich AY, Skorokhodova AY, Sukhozhenko AV, Debabov VG. Biosynthesis of enantiopure (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate from glucose through the inverted fatty acid β-oxidation pathway by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2017; 244:16-24. [PMID: 28131860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomers of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HB) can be used as the chiral precursors for the production of various optically active fine chemicals, including drugs, perfumes, and pheromones. In this study, Escherichia coli was engineered to produce (S)-3-HB from glucose through the inverted reactions of the native aerobic fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. Expression of only specific genes encoding enzymes responsible for the conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA, reduction of acetoacetyl-CoA to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and subsequent hydrolysis of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to 3-HB was directly upregulated in an engineered strain. The operation of multiple turns of the inverted fatty acid β-oxidation was precluded by the deletion of gene encoding enzyme that catalyse the terminal stage of the respective cycle. While the overexpression of the C-acetyltransferase gene enabled 3-HB biosynthesis through the inverted fatty acid β-oxidation, the efficient conversion of glucose to the target product was achieved resulting from the additional overexpression of the gene encoding appropriate termination thioesterase II. The engineered strain synthesised the (S)-stereoisomer of 3-HB with an enantiomeric excess of more than 99%. Under microaerobic conditions, up to 9.58g/L of enantiopure (S)-3-HB was produced from glucose, with a yield of 66% of the theoretical maximum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Gulevich
- Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, 1-st Dorozhniy pr., 1, 117545 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexandra Yu Skorokhodova
- Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, 1-st Dorozhniy pr., 1, 117545 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Sukhozhenko
- Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, 1-st Dorozhniy pr., 1, 117545 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Debabov
- Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, 1-st Dorozhniy pr., 1, 117545 Moscow, Russia
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