1
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Jia X, Zhang H, Qin H, Li K, Liu X, Wang W, Ye M, Yin H. Protein O-GlcNAcylation impairment caused by N-acetylglucosamine phosphate mutase deficiency leads to growth variations in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:613-635. [PMID: 36799458 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As an essential enzyme in the uridine diphosphate (UDP)-GlcNAc biosynthesis pathway, the significant role of N-acetylglucosamine phosphate mutase (AGM) remains unknown in plants. In the present study, a functional plant AGM (AtAGM) was identified from Arabidopsis thaliana. AtAGM catalyzes the isomerization of GlcNAc-1-P and GlcNAc-6-P, and has broad catalytic activity on different phosphohexoses. UDP-GlcNAc contents were significantly decreased in AtAGM T-DNA insertional mutants, which caused temperature-dependent growth defects in seedlings and vigorous growth in adult plants. Further analysis revealed that protein O-GlcNAcylation but not N-glycosylation was dramatically impaired in Atagm mutants due to UDP-GlcNAc shortage. Combined with the results from O-GlcNAcylation or N-glycosylation deficient mutants, and O-GlcNAcase inhibitor all suggested that protein O-GlcNAcylation impairment mainly leads to the phenotypic variations of Atagm plants. In conclusion, based on the essential role in UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis, AtAGM is important for plant growth mainly via protein O-GlcNAcylation-level regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Jia
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kuikui Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
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2
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Romann P, Kolar J, Tobler D, Herwig C, Bielser JM, Villiger TK. Advancing Raman model calibration for perfusion bioprocesses using spiked harvest libraries. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2200184. [PMID: 35900328 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raman spectroscopy has gained popularity to monitor multiple process indicators simultaneously in biopharmaceutical processes. However, robust and specific model calibration remains a challenge due to insufficient analyte variability to train the models and high cross-correlation of various media components and artifacts throughout the process. MAIN METHODS A systematic Raman calibration workflow for perfusion processes enabling highly specific and fast model calibration was developed. Harvest libraries consisting of frozen harvest samples from multiple CHO cell culture bioreactors collected at different process times were established. Model calibration was subsequently performed in an offline setup using a flow cell by spiking process harvest with glucose, raffinose, galactose, mannose, and fructose. MAJOR RESULTS In a screening phase, Raman spectroscopy was proven capable not only to distinguish sugars with similar chemical structures in perfusion harvest but also to quantify them independently in process-relevant concentrations. In a second phase, a robust and highly specific calibration model for simultaneous glucose (RMSEP = 0.32 g/L) and raffinose (RMSEP = 0.17 g/L) real-time monitoring was generated and verified in a third phase during a perfusion process. IMPLICATION The proposed novel offline calibration workflow allowed proper Raman peak decoupling, reduced calibration time from months down to days, and can be applied to other analytes of interest including lactate, ammonia, amino acids, or product titer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Romann
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland.,Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakub Kolar
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland.,University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniela Tobler
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Marc Bielser
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Thomas K Villiger
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
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3
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Böttinger K, Esser-Skala W, Segl M, Herwig C, Huber CG. At-line quantitative profiling of monoclonal antibody products during bioprocessing using HPLC-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1207:339813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Šrom O, Trávníková V, Wutz J, Kuschel M, Unsoeld A, Wucherpfennig T, Šoóš M. Characterization of hydrodynamic stress in ambr250® bioreactor system and its impact on mammalian cell culture. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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MacDonald MA, Nöbel M, Roche Recinos D, Martínez VS, Schulz BL, Howard CB, Baker K, Shave E, Lee YY, Marcellin E, Mahler S, Nielsen LK, Munro T. Perfusion culture of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells for bioprocessing applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:1099-1115. [PMID: 34844499 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1998821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Much of the biopharmaceutical industry's success over the past 30 years has relied on products derived from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. During this time, improvements in mammalian cell cultures have come from cell line development and process optimization suited for large-scale fed-batch processes. Originally developed for high cell densities and sensitive products, perfusion processes have a long history. Driven by high volumetric titers and a small footprint, perfusion-based bioprocess research has regained an interest from academia and industry. The recent pandemic has further highlighted the need for such intensified biomanufacturing options. In this review, we outline the technical history of research in this field as it applies to biologics production in CHO cells. We demonstrate a number of emerging trends in the literature and corroborate these with underlying drivers in the commercial space. From these trends, we speculate that the future of perfusion bioprocesses is bright and that the fields of media optimization, continuous processing, and cell line engineering hold the greatest potential. Aligning in its continuous setup with the demands for Industry 4.0, perfusion biomanufacturing is likely to be a hot topic in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A MacDonald
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthias Nöbel
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dinora Roche Recinos
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,CSL Limited, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Verónica S Martínez
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kym Baker
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Evan Shave
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Esteban Marcellin
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen Mahler
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lars Keld Nielsen
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Trent Munro
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,National Biologics Facility, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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6
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Tsopanoglou A, Jiménez del Val I. Moving towards an era of hybrid modelling: advantages and challenges of coupling mechanistic and data-driven models for upstream pharmaceutical bioprocesses. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Rameez S, Gowtham YK, Nayar G, Mostafa SS. Modulation of high mannose levels in N-linked glycosylation through cell culture process conditions to increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity for an antibody biosimilar. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3176. [PMID: 34021724 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory approval of a biosimilar product is contingent on the favorable comparability of its safety and efficacy to that of the innovator product. As such, it is important to match the critical quality attributes of the biosimilar product to that of the innovator product. The N-glycosylation profile of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) can influence effector function activities such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. In this study, we describe efforts to modulate the high-mannose (HM) levels of a biosimilar mAb produced in a Chinese hamster ovary cell fed-batch process. Because the HM level of the mAb was observed to impact ADCC activity, it was desirable to match it to the innovator mAb's levels. Several cell culture process related factors known to modulate the HM content of N-glycosylation were investigated, including osmolality, ammonium chloride (NH4 Cl) addition, glutamine concentration, monensin addition, and the addition of alternate sugars and amino sugars to the feed medium. The process conditions evaluated varied in impact on HM levels, process performance and product quality. One condition, the addition of alternate sugars and amino sugars to feed medium, was identified as the preferred method for increasing HM levels with minimal disruptions to process performance or other product quality attributes. Interestingly, a secondary interaction between sugar and amino sugar supplemented feeds and osmolality was observed during process scale-up. These studies demonstrate sugar and amino sugar concentrations and osmolality are critical variables to evaluate to match HM content in biosimilar and their innovator mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Rameez
- Process Development, KBI Biopharma Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Gautam Nayar
- Process Development, KBI Biopharma Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sigma S Mostafa
- Process Development, KBI Biopharma Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
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8
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Wei-Qi K, Yuan Z, Yu Z, Xue-Song F. An Overview of Pretreatment and Analysis of Nucleotides in Different Samples (Update since 2010). Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1624-1643. [PMID: 33840326 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1907173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides, which are important low-molecular-weight compounds present in organisms, are precursors of nucleic acids and participate in various regulatory and metabolic functions. Sensitive and valid methods for monitoring and determining nucleotides and nucleosides in different samples are urgently required. Due to the presence of numerous endogenous interferences in complex matrices and the high polarity of the molecules of the phosphate moiety, the determination of nucleotide content is challenging. This review summarizes the pretreatment and analysis methods of nucleotides in different samples. Advanced pretreatment methods, including different microextraction methods, solid-phase extraction based on novel materials, QuEChERS, are clearly displayed, and continuous progress which has been made in LC, LC-MS/MS and capillary electrophoresis methods are discussed. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses of different methods are discussed and compared. Highlight:Advanced pretreatment and detection methods of nucleotides were critically reviewed.Microextraction technology was one of the trends of nucleotides pretreatment in the future.Applications of novel materials and supercritical fluid were highlighted.The evolution and advance of HRMS analyzers were in detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei-Qi
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhang Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xue-Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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9
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Characterization of dynamic regulation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures in the late exponential phase. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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11
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Zürcher P, Sokolov M, Brühlmann D, Ducommun R, Stettler M, Souquet J, Jordan M, Broly H, Morbidelli M, Butté A. Cell culture process metabolomics together with multivariate data analysis tools opens new routes for bioprocess development and glycosylation prediction. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3012. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering ETH Zürich Switzerland
| | - Michael Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering ETH Zürich Switzerland
- DataHow AG Zurich Switzerland
| | - David Brühlmann
- Merck Biopharma, Biotech Process Sciences Corsier‐sur‐Vevey Switzerland
| | - Raphael Ducommun
- Merck Biopharma, Biotech Process Sciences Corsier‐sur‐Vevey Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Stettler
- Merck Biopharma, Biotech Process Sciences Corsier‐sur‐Vevey Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Merck Biopharma, Biotech Process Sciences Corsier‐sur‐Vevey Switzerland
| | - Martin Jordan
- Merck Biopharma, Biotech Process Sciences Corsier‐sur‐Vevey Switzerland
| | - Hervé Broly
- Merck Biopharma, Biotech Process Sciences Corsier‐sur‐Vevey Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering ETH Zürich Switzerland
- DataHow AG Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Butté
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering ETH Zürich Switzerland
- DataHow AG Zurich Switzerland
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12
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Kotidis P, Kontoravdi C. Harnessing the potential of artificial neural networks for predicting protein glycosylation. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 10:e00131. [PMID: 32489858 PMCID: PMC7256630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic models offer incomparable insight on cellular mechanisms controlling protein glycosylation. However, their ability to reproduce site-specific glycoform distributions depends on accurate estimation of a large number of protein-specific kinetic parameters and prior knowledge of enzyme and transport protein levels in the Golgi membrane. Herein we propose an artificial neural network (ANN) for protein glycosylation and apply this to four recombinant glycoproteins produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, two monoclonal antibodies and two fusion proteins. We demonstrate that the ANN model accurately predicts site-specific glycoform distributions of up to eighteen glycan species with an average absolute error of 1.1%, correctly reproducing the effect of metabolic perturbations as part of a hybrid, kinetic/ANN, glycosylation model (HyGlycoM), as well as the impact of manganese supplementation and glycosyltransferase knock out experiments as a stand-alone machine learning algorithm. These results showcase the potential of machine learning and hybrid approaches for rapidly developing performance-driven models of protein glycosylation.
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13
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Sha S, Handelman G, Agarabi C, Yoon S. A high-resolution measurement of nucleotide sugars by using ion-pair reverse chromatography and tandem columns. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3683-3693. [PMID: 32300845 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-Linked glycosylation is a cellular process transferring sugars from glycosyl donors to proteins or lipids. Biopharmaceutical products widely produced by culturing mammalian cells such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are typically glycosylated during biosynthesis. For some biologics, the N-linked glycan is a critical quality attribute of the drugs. Nucleotide sugars are the glycan donors and impact the intracellular glycosylation process. In current analytical methods, robust separation of nucleotide sugar isomers such as UDP glucose and UDP galactose remains a challenge because of their structural similarity. In this study, we developed a strategy to resolve the separation of major nucleotide sugars including challenging isomers based on the use of ion-pair reverse phase (IP-RP) chromatography. The strategy applies core-shell columns and connects multiple columns in tandem to increase separation power and ultimately enables high-resolution detection of nucleotide sugars from cell extracts. The key parameters in the IP-RP method, including temperature, mobile phase, and flow rates, have been systematically evaluated in this work and the theoretical mechanisms of the chromatographic behavior were proposed. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sha
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Garry Handelman
- Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Cyrus Agarabi
- U.S. FDA, CDER/OBP/Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA. .,Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
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14
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15
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Prediction of N-linked Glycoform Profiles of Monoclonal Antibody with Extracellular Metabolites and Two-Step Intracellular Models. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly glycosylated and show varying levels of galactose attachment. A set of experiments in our work showed that the galactosylation level of mAbs was altered by the culture conditions of hybridoma cells. The uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal) is one of the substrates of galactosylation. Based on that, we proposed a two-step model to predict N-linked glycoform profiles by solely using extracellular metabolites from cell culture. At the first step, the flux level of UDP-Gal in each culture was estimated based on a computational flux balance analysis (FBA); its level was found to be linear with the galactosylation degree on mAbs. At the second step, the glycoform profiles especially for G0F (agalactosylated), G1F (monogalactosylated) and G2F (digalactosylated) were predicted by a kinetic model. The model outputs well matched with the experimental data. Our study demonstrated that the integrated mathematical approach combining FBA and kinetic model is a promising strategy to predict glycoform profiles for mAbs during cell culture processes.
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16
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Naik HM, Majewska NI, Betenbaugh MJ. Impact of nucleotide sugar metabolism on protein N-glycosylation in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell culture. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Prabhu A, Gadgil M. Nickel and cobalt affect galactosylation of recombinant IgG expressed in CHO cells. Biometals 2018; 32:11-19. [PMID: 30327978 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important product quality attribute of antibody biopharmaceuticals. It involves enzymatic addition of oligosaccharides on proteins by sequential action of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases in the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi. Some of these enzymes like galactosyltransferase and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I require trace metal cofactors. Variations in trace metal availability during production can thus affect glycosylation of recombinant glycoproteins such as monoclonal antibodies. Variability in trace metal concentrations can be introduced at multiple stages during production such as due to impurities in raw materials for culture medium and leachables from bioreactors. Knowledge of the effect of various trace metals on glycosylation can help in root-cause analysis of unintended variability in glycosylation. In this study, we investigated the effect of nickel and cobalt on glycosylation of recombinant IgG expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Nickel concentrations below 500 µM did not affect glycosylation, but above 500 µM it significantly decreases galactosylation of IgG. Cobalt at 50 µM concentration causes slight increase in G1F glycans (mono galactosylated) as previously reported. However, higher concentrations result in a small increase in G0F (non galactosylated) glycans. This effect of nickel and cobalt on galactosylation of recombinant IgG can be reversed by supplementation of uridine and galactose which are precursors to UDP-Galactose, a substrate for the enzymatic galactosylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Prabhu
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Mugdha Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.
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18
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Walther J, Lu J, Hollenbach M, Yu M, Hwang C, McLarty J, Brower K. Perfusion Cell Culture Decreases Process and Product Heterogeneity in a Head‐to‐Head Comparison With Fed‐Batch. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1700733. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Walther
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Jiuyi Lu
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Myles Hollenbach
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Marcella Yu
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Chris Hwang
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Jean McLarty
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
| | - Kevin Brower
- Bioprocess DevelopmentSanofi31 New York AvenueFraminghamMA 01701USA
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19
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Prabhu A, Gadre R, Gadgil M. Zinc supplementation decreases galactosylation of recombinant IgG in CHO cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5989-5999. [PMID: 29749563 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Trace element composition of culture medium can be altered to modulate glycoform of recombinant glycoproteins. In this study, we show that Zn2+ supplementation at or above 100 μM decreases galactosylation of recombinant IgG expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. This decrease in galactosylation is not due to reduced galactosyltransferase expression. This effect persists upon supplementation of galactose and uridine to the culture, indicating that it may not be due to reduced UDP-Gal availability. Measurements of galactosyltransferase activity in the cell lysate show that activity decreases with increasing Zn2+/Mn2+ ratio. This suggests that one possible explanation of the effect of Zn2+ may be reduced intracellular galactosyltransferase activity due to increase in Zn2+/Mn2+ ratio. Consistent with this, the decrease in galactosylation of IgG could be reversed by supplementation of Mn2+ (a cofactor of galactosyltransferase) which increases intracellular Mn2+ content. Measurement of total intracellular Zn2+ content, however, indicates no significant upregulation of total intracellular Zn2+ content and no significant downregulation of intracellular Mn2+ content with Zn2+ supplementation. One possible explanation could be that cellular detoxification response to higher extracellular Zn2+ concentration might lead to changes in intracellular distribution of Mn2+. In this case, Zn2+ supplementation would be expected to interfere with other known effects of Mn2+. Indeed, the previously reported increase in high mannose glycans upon Mn2+ supplementation in the absence of glucose is reversed by Zn2+ supplementation. This study also suggests the use of Mn2+ supplementation as a strategy to overcome the effect of lot-to-lot variability in trace element concentrations on galactosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Prabhu
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ramchandra Gadre
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Mugdha Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.
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Bertrand V, Vogg S, Villiger TK, Stettler M, Broly H, Soos M, Morbidelli M. Proteomic analysis of micro-scale bioreactors as scale-down model for a mAb producing CHO industrial fed-batch platform. J Biotechnol 2018; 279:27-36. [PMID: 29719200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical production of recombinant proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies, is rather complex and requires proper development work. Accordingly, it is essential to develop appropriate scale-down models, which can mimic the corresponding production scale. In this work, we investigated the impact of the bioreactor scale on intracellular micro-heterogeneities of a CHO cell line producing monoclonal antibodies in fed-batch mode, using a 10 mL micro-bioreactor (ambr™) scale-down model and the corresponding 300 L pilot-scale bioreactor. For each scale, we measured the time evolution of the proteome, which enabled us to compare the impact of the bioreactor scale on the intracellular processes. Nearly absolute accordance between the scales was verified by data mining methods, such as hierarchical clustering and in-detail analysis on a single protein base. The time response of principal enzymes related to N-glycosylation was discussed, emphasizing major dissimilarities between the glycan fractions adorning the heavy chain and the corresponding protein abundance. The enzyme expression displayed mainly a constant profile, whereas the resulting glycan pattern changed over time. It is concluded that the enzymatic activity is influenced by the changing environmental conditions present in the fed-batch processes leading to the observed time-dependent variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Bertrand
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Vogg
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas K Villiger
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Stettler
- Merck, Biotech Process Sciences, Corsier-sur -Vevey, ZI B 1809, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Broly
- Merck, Biotech Process Sciences, Corsier-sur -Vevey, ZI B 1809, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Soos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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Sokolov M, Morbidelli M, Butté A, Souquet J, Broly H. Sequential Multivariate Cell Culture Modeling at Multiple Scales Supports Systematic Shaping of a Monoclonal Antibody Toward a Quality Target. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700461. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sokolov
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Butté
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- DataHow AG Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Merck Serono SA, Biotech Process Sciences Route de Fenil 25; 1804 Corsier-sur-Vevey Switzerland
| | - Hervé Broly
- Merck Serono SA, Biotech Process Sciences Route de Fenil 25; 1804 Corsier-sur-Vevey Switzerland
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22
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Stolfa G, Smonskey MT, Boniface R, Hachmann AB, Gulde P, Joshi AD, Pierce AP, Jacobia SJ, Campbell A. CHO-Omics Review: The Impact of Current and Emerging Technologies on Chinese Hamster Ovary Based Bioproduction. Biotechnol J 2017; 13:e1700227. [PMID: 29072373 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CHO cells are the most prevalent platform for modern bio-therapeutic production. Currently, there are several CHO cell lines used in bioproduction with distinct characteristics and unique genotypes and phenotypes. These differences limit advances in productivity and quality that can be achieved by the most common approaches to bioprocess optimization and cell line engineering. Incorporating omics-based approaches into current bioproduction processes will complement traditional methodologies to maximize gains from CHO engineering and bioprocess improvements. In order to highlight the utility of omics technologies in CHO bioproduction, the authors discuss current applications as well as limitations of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, fluxomics, glycomics, and multi-omics approaches and the potential they hold for the future of bioproduction. Multiple omics approaches are currently being used to improve CHO bioprocesses; however, the application of these technologies is still limited. As more CHO-omic datasets become available and integrated into systems models, the authors expect significant gains in product yield and quality. While individual omics technologies provide incremental improvements in bioproduction, the authors will likely see the most significant gains by applying multi-omics and systems biology approaches to individual CHO cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Stolfa
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | | | - Ryan Boniface
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | | | - Paul Gulde
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Atul D Joshi
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Anson P Pierce
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Scott J Jacobia
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
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23
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Karst DJ, Scibona E, Serra E, Bielser JM, Souquet J, Stettler M, Broly H, Soos M, Morbidelli M, Villiger TK. Modulation and modeling of monoclonal antibody N-linked glycosylation in mammalian cell perfusion reactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1978-1990. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Karst
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; HCI F-129, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ernesto Scibona
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; HCI F-129, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Elisa Serra
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; HCI F-129, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Bielser
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; HCI F-129, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Merck Serono SA; Biotech Process Sciences, ZI B 1809; Corsier-sur-Vevey Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Merck Serono SA; Biotech Process Sciences, ZI B 1809; Corsier-sur-Vevey Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Stettler
- Merck Serono SA; Biotech Process Sciences, ZI B 1809; Corsier-sur-Vevey Switzerland
| | - Hervé Broly
- Merck Serono SA; Biotech Process Sciences, ZI B 1809; Corsier-sur-Vevey Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Soos
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; HCI F-129, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Chemistry and Technology; Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; HCI F-129, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas K. Villiger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; HCI F-129, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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24
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Abstract
Sugar nucleotides are essential building blocks for the glycobiology of all living organisms. Detailed information on the types of sugar nucleotides present in a particular cell and how they change as a function of metabolic, developmental, or disease status is vital. The extraction, identification, and quantification of sugar nucleotides in a given sample present formidable challenges. In this chapter, currently used techniques for sugar nucleotide extraction from cells, separation from complex biological matrices, and detection by optical and mass spectrometry methods are discussed.
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25
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Villiger TK, Scibona E, Stettler M, Broly H, Morbidelli M, Soos M. Controlling the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation - Part II: Model-based predictions. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1135-1148. [PMID: 27273889 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is known to be a crucial factor for the therapeutic efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and many other glycoproteins. The nontemplate process of glycosylation is influenced by external factors which have to be tightly controlled during the manufacturing process. In order to describe and predict mAb N-linked glycosylation patterns in a CHO-S cell fed-batch process, an existing dynamic mathematical model has been refined and coupled to an unstructured metabolic model. High-throughput cell culture experiments carried out in miniaturized bioreactors in combination with intracellular measurements of nucleotide sugars were used to tune the parameter configuration of the coupled models as a function of extracellular pH, manganese and galactose addition. The proposed modeling framework is able to predict the time evolution of N-linked glycosylation patterns during a fed-batch process as a function of time as well as the manipulated variables. A constant and varying mAb N-linked glycosylation pattern throughout the culture were chosen to demonstrate the predictive capability of the modeling framework, which is able to quantify the interconnected influence of media components and cell culture conditions. Such a model-based evaluation of feeding regimes using high-throughput tools and mathematical models gives rise to a more rational way to control and design cell culture processes with defined glycosylation patterns. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1135-1148, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Villiger
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernesto Scibona
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Stettler
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck-Serono S.A., Corsier-sur-Vevey, 1809, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Broly
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck-Serono S.A., Corsier-sur-Vevey, 1809, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Soos
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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26
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Villiger TK, Roulet A, Périlleux A, Stettler M, Broly H, Morbidelli M, Soos M. Controlling the time evolution of mAb N-linked glycosylation, Part I: Microbioreactor experiments. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1123-1134. [PMID: 27254475 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is of key importance for the efficacy of many biotherapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Media components and cell culture conditions have been shown to significantly affect N-linked glycosylation during the production of glycoproteins using mammalian cell fed-batch cultures. These parameters inevitably change in modern industrial processes with concentrated feed additions and cell densities beyond 2 × 107 cells/mL. In order to control the time-dependent changes of protein glycosylation, an automated microbioreactor system was used to investigate the effects of culture pH, ammonia, galactose, and manganese chloride supplementation on nucleotide sugars as well as mAb N-linked glycosylation in a time-dependent way. Two different strategies comprising of a single shift of culture conditions as well as multiple media supplementations along the culture duration were applied to obtain changing and constant glycosylation profiles. The different feeding approaches enabled constant glycosylation patterns throughout the entire culture duration at different levels. By modulating the time evolution of the mAb glycan pattern, not only the endpoint but also the ratios between different glycosylation structures could be modified. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1123-1134, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Villiger
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Roulet
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck-Serono S.A., Corsier-sur-Vevey, ZI B 1809, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Périlleux
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck-Serono S.A., Corsier-sur-Vevey, ZI B 1809, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Stettler
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck-Serono S.A., Corsier-sur-Vevey, ZI B 1809, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Broly
- Biotech Process Sciences, Merck-Serono S.A., Corsier-sur-Vevey, ZI B 1809, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Soos
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Inst. for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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