1
|
D’Antona AM, Lee JM, Zhang M, Friedman C, He T, Mosyak L, Bennett E, Lin L, Silverman M, Cometa F, Meade C, Hageman T, Sousa E, Cohen J, Marquette K, Ferguson D, Zhong X. Tyrosine Sulfation at Antibody Light Chain CDR-1 Increases Binding Affinity and Neutralization Potency to Interleukine-4. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1931. [PMID: 38339208 PMCID: PMC10855961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Structure and function of therapeutic antibodies can be modulated by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTM). Tyrosine (Tyr) sulfation is a type of negatively charged PTM that occurs during protein trafficking through the Golgi. In this study, we discovered that an anti-interleukin (IL)-4 human IgG1, produced by transiently transfected HEK293 cells, contained a fraction of unusual negatively charged species. Interestingly, the isolated acidic species exhibited a two-fold higher affinity to IL-4 and a nearly four-fold higher potency compared to the main species. Mass spectrometry (MS) showed the isolated acidic species possessed an +80-Dalton from the expected mass, suggesting an occurrence of Tyr sulfation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show the ability to control the acidic species during transient expression with the addition of Tyr sulfation inhibitor sodium chlorate or, conversely, enriched the acidic species from 30% to 92% of the total antibody protein when the IL-4 IgG was co-transfected with tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase genes. Further MS and mutagenesis analysis identified a Tyr residue at the light chain complementarity-determining region-1 (CDRL-1), which was sulfated specifically. These results together have demonstrated for the first time that Tyr sulfation at CDRL-1 could modulate antibody binding affinity and potency to a human immune cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. D’Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Julie M. Lee
- Translational Clinical Sciences, Pfizer Discovery & Early Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melvin Zhang
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Clarence Friedman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Tao He
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Lidia Mosyak
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Eric Bennett
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Maddison Silverman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Funi Cometa
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Caryl Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Tyler Hageman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Kimberly Marquette
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Darren Ferguson
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boggiano-Ayo T, Palacios-Oliva J, Lozada-Chang S, Relova-Hernandez E, Gomez-Perez J, Oliva G, Hernandez L, Bueno-Soler A, Montes de Oca D, Mora O, Machado-Santisteban R, Perez-Martinez D, Perez-Masson B, Cabrera Infante Y, Calzadilla-Rosado L, Ramirez Y, Aymed-Garcia J, Ruiz-Ramirez I, Romero Y, Gomez T, Espinosa LA, Gonzalez LJ, Cabrales A, Guirola O, de la Luz KR, Pi-Estopiñan F, Sanchez-Ramirez B, Garcia-Rivera D, Valdes-Balbin Y, Rojas G, Leon-Monzon K, Ojito-Magaz E, Hardy E. Development of a scalable single process for producing SARS-CoV-2 RBD monomer and dimer vaccine antigens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1287551. [PMID: 38050488 PMCID: PMC10693982 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1287551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a single process for producing two key COVID-19 vaccine antigens: SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) monomer and dimer. These antigens are featured in various COVID-19 vaccine formats, including SOBERANA 01 and the licensed SOBERANA 02, and SOBERANA Plus. Our approach involves expressing RBD (319-541)-His6 in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, generating and characterizing oligoclones, and selecting the best RBD-producing clones. Critical parameters such as copper supplementation in the culture medium and cell viability influenced the yield of RBD dimer. The purification of RBD involved standard immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), ion exchange chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography. Our findings suggest that copper can improve IMAC performance. Efficient RBD production was achieved using small-scale bioreactor cell culture (2 L). The two RBD forms - monomeric and dimeric RBD - were also produced on a large scale (500 L). This study represents the first large-scale application of perfusion culture for the production of RBD antigens. We conducted a thorough analysis of the purified RBD antigens, which encompassed primary structure, protein integrity, N-glycosylation, size, purity, secondary and tertiary structures, isoform composition, hydrophobicity, and long-term stability. Additionally, we investigated RBD-ACE2 interactions, in vitro ACE2 recognition of RBD, and the immunogenicity of RBD antigens in mice. We have determined that both the monomeric and dimeric RBD antigens possess the necessary quality attributes for vaccine production. By enabling the customizable production of both RBD forms, this unified manufacturing process provides the required flexibility to adapt rapidly to the ever-changing demands of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and different COVID-19 vaccine platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Boggiano-Ayo
- Process Development Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - Gonzalo Oliva
- Process Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Alexi Bueno-Soler
- Process Development Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Osvaldo Mora
- Process Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Dayana Perez-Martinez
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Beatriz Perez-Masson
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Yaima Ramirez
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Judey Aymed-Garcia
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Yamile Romero
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tania Gomez
- Quality Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Annia Cabrales
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Osmany Guirola
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gertrudis Rojas
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Kalet Leon-Monzon
- Immunology and Immunobiology Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Eugenio Hardy
- Process Development Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhong X, Schenk J, Sakorafas P, Chamberland J, Tam A, Thomas LM, Yan G, D' Antona AM, Lin L, Nocula-Lugowska M, Zhang Y, Sousa E, Cohen J, Gu L, Abel M, Donahue J, Lim S, Meade C, Zhou J, Riegel L, Birch A, Fennell BJ, Franklin E, Gomes JM, Tzvetkova B, Scarcelli JJ. Impacts of fast production of afucosylated antibodies and Fc mutants in ExpiCHO-S™ for enhancing FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:79-91. [PMID: 36341973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study has employed mammalian transient expression systems to generate afucosylated antibodies and antibody Fc mutants for rapid candidate screening in discovery and early development. While chemical treatment with the fucose analogue 2-fluoro-peracetyl-fucose during transient expression only partially produced antibodies with afucosylated N-glycans, the genetic inactivation of the FUT8 gene in ExpiCHO-S™ by CRISPR/Cas9 enabled the transient production of fully afucosylated antibodies. Human IgG1 and murine IgG2a generated by the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line possessed a 8-to-11-fold enhanced FcγRIIIa binding activity in comparison with those produced by ExpiCHO-S™. The Fc mutant S239D/S298A/I332E produced by ExpiCHO-S™ had an approximate 2-fold higher FcγRIIIa affinity than that of the afucosylated wildtype molecule, although it displayed significantly lower thermal-stability. When the Fc mutant was produced in the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line, the resulting afucosylated Fc mutant antibody had an additional approximate 6-fold increase in FcγRIIIa binding affinity. This synergistic effect between afucosylation and the Fc mutations was further verified by a natural killer (NK) cell activation assay. Together, these results have not only established an efficient large-scale transient CHO system for rapid production of afucosylated antibodies, but also confirmed a cooperative impact between afucosylation and Fc mutations on FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jennifer Schenk
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Paul Sakorafas
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John Chamberland
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Amy Tam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - L Michael Thomas
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grace Yan
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron M D' Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ling Gu
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Molica Abel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacob Donahue
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sean Lim
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caryl Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Logan Riegel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex Birch
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian J Fennell
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward Franklin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jose M Gomes
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John J Scarcelli
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Procopio-Melino R, Kotch FW, Prashad AS, Gomes JM, Wang W, Arve B, Dawdy A, Chen L, Sperry J, Hosselet C, He T, Kriz R, Lin L, Marquette K, Tchistiakova L, Somers W, Rouse JC, Zhong X. Cysteine metabolic engineering and selective disulfide reduction produce superior antibody-drug-conjugates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7262. [PMID: 35508689 PMCID: PMC9068625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation site-specific cysteine-based antibody–drug-conjugates (ADCs) broaden therapeutic index by precise drug-antibody attachments. However, manufacturing such ADCs for clinical validation requires complex full reduction and reoxidation processes, impacting product quality. To overcome this technical challenge, we developed a novel antibody manufacturing process through cysteine (Cys) metabolic engineering in Chinese hamster ovary cells implementing a unique cysteine-capping technology. This development enabled a direct conjugation of drugs after chemoselective-reduction with mild reductant tris(3-sulfonatophenyl)phosphine. This innovative platform produces clinical ADC products with superior quality through a simplified manufacturing process. This technology also has the potential to integrate Cys-based site-specific conjugation with other site-specific conjugation methodologies to develop multi-drug ADCs and exploit multi-mechanisms of action for effective cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renée Procopio-Melino
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA, 01810, USA
| | - Frank W Kotch
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 875 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA.
| | - Amar S Prashad
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 875 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA.,Pearl River Laboratories Inc, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY, 10965, USA
| | - Jose M Gomes
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA, 01810, USA.
| | - Wenge Wang
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA, 01810, USA
| | - Bo Arve
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 875 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Andrew Dawdy
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 875 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA.
| | - Lawrence Chen
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA, 01810, USA
| | - Justin Sperry
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 875 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Christine Hosselet
- Vaccine Research, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY, 10965, USA
| | - Tao He
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,JOINN Biologics US Inc., 2600 Hilltop Dr., Richmond, CA, 94806, USA
| | - Ronald Kriz
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kimberly Marquette
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lioudmila Tchistiakova
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Will Somers
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jason C Rouse
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA, 01810, USA
| | - Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stadlmayr G, Stracke F, Stadlbauer K, Rybka J, Dickgiesser S, Rasche N, Becker S, Toleikis L, Rüker F, Knopp GW. Efficient spontaneous site-selective cysteine-mediated toxin attachment within a structural loop of antibodies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Omorodion O, Wilson IA. Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Cysteinylation in Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to HIV-1. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167303. [PMID: 34666044 PMCID: PMC8641059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinylation is a little-studied post-translational modification in antibodies. Cysteinylation was identified in a lineage of bnAbs to HIV-1. The cysteinylation modification is clearly visualized in the crystal structures. Cysteinylation does not impair binding to antigen, compared to previous studies. These findings provide further perspectives on the role of antibody cysteinylation.
Antibodies with exceptional breadth and potency have been elicited in some individuals during natural HIV-1 infection. Elicitation and affinity maturation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is therefore the central goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. The functional properties of bnAbs also make them attractive as immunotherapeutic agents, which has led to their production and optimization for passive immunotherapy. This process requires in vitro manufacturing and monitoring of any heterogeneous expression, especially when subpopulations of antibodies are produced with varying levels of biological activity. Post-translational modification (PTM) of antibodies can contribute to heterogeneity and is the focus of this study. Specifically, we have investigated cysteinylation in a bnAb lineage (PCDN family) targeting the N332-glycan supersite on the surface envelope glycoprotein (Env) of HIV-1. This PTM is defined by capping of unpaired cysteine residues with molecular cysteine. Through chromatography and mass spectrometry, we were able to characterize subpopulations of cysteinylated and non-cysteinylated antibodies when expressed in mammalian cells. The crystal structures of two PCDN antibodies represent the first structures of a cysteinylated antibody and reveal that the cysteinylation in this case is located in CDRH3. Biophysical studies indicate that cysteinylation of these HIV-1 antibodies does not interfere with antigen binding, which has been reported to occur in other cysteinylated antibodies. As such, these studies highlight the need for further investigation of cysteinylation in anti-HIV and other bnAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwarotimi Omorodion
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Espinosa LA, Ramos Y, Andújar I, Torres EO, Cabrera G, Martín A, Roche D, Chinea G, Becquet M, González I, Canaán-Haden C, Nelson E, Rojas G, Pérez-Massón B, Pérez-Martínez D, Boggiano T, Palacio J, Lozada Chang SL, Hernández L, de la Luz Hernández KR, Markku S, Vitikainen M, Valdés-Balbín Y, Santana-Medero D, Rivera DG, Vérez-Bencomo V, Emalfarb M, Tchelet R, Guillén G, Limonta M, Pimentel E, Ayala M, Besada V, González LJ. In-solution buffer-free digestion allows full-sequence coverage and complete characterization of post-translational modifications of the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in a single ESI-MS spectrum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7559-7585. [PMID: 34739558 PMCID: PMC8569510 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03721-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines based on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 provide one of the most promising strategies to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The detailed characterization of the protein primary structure by mass spectrometry (MS) is mandatory, as described in ICHQ6B guidelines. In this work, several recombinant RBD proteins produced in five expression systems were characterized using a non-conventional protocol known as in-solution buffer-free digestion (BFD). In a single ESI-MS spectrum, BFD allowed very high sequence coverage (≥ 99%) and the detection of highly hydrophilic regions, including very short and hydrophilic peptides (2-8 amino acids), and the His6-tagged C-terminal peptide carrying several post-translational modifications at Cys538 such as cysteinylation, homocysteinylation, glutathionylation, truncated glutathionylation, and cyanylation, among others. The analysis using the conventional digestion protocol allowed lower sequence coverage (80-90%) and did not detect peptides carrying most of the above-mentioned PTMs. The two C-terminal peptides of a dimer [RBD(319-541)-(His)6]2 linked by an intermolecular disulfide bond (Cys538-Cys538) with twelve histidine residues were only detected by BFD. This protocol allows the detection of the four disulfide bonds present in the native RBD, low-abundance scrambling variants, free cysteine residues, O-glycoforms, and incomplete processing of the N-terminal end, if present. Artifacts generated by the in-solution BFD protocol were also characterized. BFD can be easily implemented; it has been applied to the characterization of the active pharmaceutical ingredient of two RBD-based vaccines, and we foresee that it can be also helpful to the characterization of mutated RBDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ariel Espinosa
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ivan Andújar
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Enso Onill Torres
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gleysin Cabrera
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Alejandro Martín
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Diamilé Roche
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Glay Chinea
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mónica Becquet
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Isabel González
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Camila Canaán-Haden
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Elías Nelson
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gertrudis Rojas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St., P.O. Box 16040, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Tamy Boggiano
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St., P.O. Box 16040, Havana, Cuba
| | - Julio Palacio
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St., P.O. Box 16040, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Lourdes Hernández
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St., P.O. Box 16040, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Saloheimo Markku
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marika Vitikainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | - Daniel G Rivera
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata & G, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Mark Emalfarb
- Dyadic International, Inc, 140 Intercoastal Pointe Drive, Suite #404, Jupiter, FL, 33477, USA
| | - Ronen Tchelet
- Dyadic International, Inc, 140 Intercoastal Pointe Drive, Suite #404, Jupiter, FL, 33477, USA
| | - Gerardo Guillén
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Miladys Limonta
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Eulogio Pimentel
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Marta Ayala
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis Javier González
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/ 158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhong X, D’Antona AM. Recent Advances in the Molecular Design and Applications of Multispecific Biotherapeutics. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:13. [PMID: 33808165 PMCID: PMC8103270 DOI: 10.3390/antib10020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein-based biotherapeutics drugs have transformed clinical pipelines of the biopharmaceutical industry since the launch of recombinant insulin nearly four decades ago. These biologic drugs are structurally more complex than small molecules, and yet share a similar principle for rational drug discovery and development: That is to start with a pre-defined target and follow with the functional modulation with a therapeutic agent. Despite these tremendous successes, this "one target one drug" paradigm has been challenged by complex disease mechanisms that involve multiple pathways and demand new therapeutic routes. A rapidly evolving wave of multispecific biotherapeutics is coming into focus. These new therapeutic drugs are able to engage two or more protein targets via distinct binding interfaces with or without the chemical conjugation to large or small molecules. They possess the potential to not only address disease intricacy but also exploit new therapeutic mechanisms and assess undruggable targets for conventional monospecific biologics. This review focuses on the recent advances in molecular design and applications of major classes of multispecific biotherapeutics drugs, which include immune cells engagers, antibody-drug conjugates, multispecific tetherbodies, biologic matchmakers, and small-scaffold multispecific modalities. Challenges posed by the multispecific biotherapeutics drugs and their future outlooks are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- Department of BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Zheng X, Yang Z, Gu Q, Xia F, Fu Y, Liu P, Yin XM, Li M. The protease activity of human ATG4B is regulated by reversible oxidative modification. Autophagy 2020; 16:1838-1850. [PMID: 31880198 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1709763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy plays a pivotal role in cytoplasmic material recycling and metabolic turnover, in which ATG4B functions as a "scissor" for processing pro-LC3 and lipidated LC3 to drive the autophagy progress. Mounting evidence has demonstrated the tight connection between ROS and autophagy during various pathological situations. Coincidentally, several studies have shown that ATG4B is potentially regulated by redox modification, but the underlying molecular mechanism and its relationship with autophagy is ambiguous. In this study, we verified that ATG4B activity was definitely regulated in a reversible redox manner. We also determined that Cys292 and Cys361 are essential sites of ATG4B to form reversible intramolecular disulfide bonds that respond to oxidative stress. Interestingly, we unraveled a new phenomenon that ATG4B concurrently formed disulfide-linked oligomers at Cys292 and Cys361, and that both sites underwent redox modifications thereby modulating ATG4B activity. Finally, increased autophagic flux and decreased oxidation sensitivity were observed in Cys292 and Cys361 double site-mutated cells under normal growth conditions. In conclusion, our research reveals a novel molecular mechanism that oxidative modification at Cys292 and Cys361 sites regulates ATG4B function, which modulates autophagy.Abbreviations: Air-ox: air-oxidation; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; BCNU: 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea; CBB: Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CM: complete medium; CQ: chloroquine; DTT: dithiothreitol; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSNO: S-nitrosoglutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; HMW: high molecular weight; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; NEM: N-ethylmaleimide; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PTM: post-translational modification; ROS, reactive oxygen species; WT: wild type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuolong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianqian Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
V Kholodenko I, V Kalinovsky D, V Svirshchevskaya E, I Doronin I, V Konovalova M, V Kibardin A, V Shamanskaya T, S Larin S, M Deyev S, V Kholodenko R. Multimerization through Pegylation Improves Pharmacokinetic Properties of scFv Fragments of GD2-Specific Antibodies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213835. [PMID: 31653037 PMCID: PMC6864547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-binding fragments of antibodies specific to the tumor-associated ganglioside GD2 are well poised to play a substantial role in modern GD2-targeted cancer therapies, however, rapid elimination from the body and reduced affinity compared to full-length antibodies limit their therapeutic potential. In this study, scFv fragments of GD2-specific antibodies 14.18 were produced in a mammalian expression system that specifically bind to ganglioside GD2, followed by site-directed pegylation to generate mono-, di-, and tetra-scFv fragments. Fractionated pegylated dimers and tetramers of scFv fragments showed significant increase of the binding to GD2 which was not accompanied by cross-reactivity with other gangliosides. Pegylated multimeric di-scFvs and tetra-scFvs exhibited cytotoxic effects in GD2-positive tumor cells, while their circulation time in blood significantly increased compared with monomeric antibody fragments. We also demonstrated a more efficient tumor uptake of the multimers in a syngeneic GD2-positive mouse cancer model. The findings of this study provide the rationale for improving therapeutic characteristics of GD2-specific antibody fragments by multimerization and propose a strategy to generate such molecules. On the basis of multimeric antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies and conjugates with cytotoxic drugs or radioactive isotopes may be developed that will possess improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Kholodenko
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121, Russia.
| | - Daniel V Kalinovsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Elena V Svirshchevskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Igor I Doronin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Real Target LLC, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Maria V Konovalova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Kibardin
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 1, Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Tatyana V Shamanskaya
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 1, Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Sergey S Larin
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 1, Samory Mashela St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Roman V Kholodenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Real Target LLC, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
O’Mara B, Gao Z, Kuruganti M, Mallett R, Nayar G, Smith L, Meyer JD, Therriault J, Miller C, Cisney J, Fann J. Impact of depth filtration on disulfide bond reduction during downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies from CHO cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1669-1683. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian O’Mara
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Zhong‐Hua Gao
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Manju Kuruganti
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Robert Mallett
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Gautam Nayar
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Laura Smith
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Jeffrey D. Meyer
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Jon Therriault
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Cameron Miller
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - John Cisney
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - John Fann
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dickgiesser S, Kellner R, Kolmar H, Rasche N. Site-Specific Conjugation of Thiol-Reactive Cytotoxic Agents to Nonnative Cysteines of Engineered Monoclonal Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2033:1-14. [PMID: 31332743 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9654-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have been proven to be a successful therapeutic concept, allowing targeted delivery of highly potent active pharmaceutical ingredients (HPAPIs) selectively to tumor tissue. So far, HPAPIs have been mainly attached to the antibody via a chemical reaction of the payload with lysine or cysteine side chains of the antibody backbone. However, these conventional conjugation technologies result in formation of rather heterogeneous products with undesired properties. To overcome the limitations of heterogeneous ADC mixtures, several site-specific conjugation technologies have been developed over the last years. Originally pioneered by scientist from Genentech with their work on THIOMABs, several engineered cysteine mAb ADCs (ECM-ADCs) are now investigated in clinical trials. Here, we describe in detail how to engineer additional cysteines into antibodies and efficiently use them as highly site-specific conjugation sites for HPAPIs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cysteine/chemistry
- Cysteine/genetics
- Cytotoxins/chemistry
- Cytotoxins/genetics
- Cytotoxins/immunology
- Cytotoxins/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/chemistry
- Immunoconjugates/genetics
- Immunoconjugates/immunology
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Protein Engineering
- Sulfhydryl Compounds/chemistry
- Trastuzumab/chemistry
- Trastuzumab/genetics
- Trastuzumab/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Kellner
- ADCs & Targeted NBE Therapeutics, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rasche
- ADCs & Targeted NBE Therapeutics, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhong X, Ma W, Meade CL, Tam AS, Llewellyn E, Cornell R, Cote K, Scarcelli JJ, Marshall JK, Tzvetkova B, Figueroa B, DiNino D, Sievers A, Lee C, Guo J, Mahan E, Francis C, Lam K, D'Antona AM, Zollner R, Zhu HL, Kriz R, Somers W, Lin L. Transient CHO expression platform for robust antibody production and its enhanced N-glycan sialylation on therapeutic glycoproteins. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2724. [PMID: 30299005 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale transient expression in mammalian cells is a rapid protein production technology often used to shorten overall timelines for biotherapeutics drug discovery. In this study we demonstrate transient expression in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) host (ExpiCHO-S™) cell line capable of achieving high recombinant antibody expression titers, comparable to levels obtained using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. For some antibodies, ExpiCHO-S™ cells generated protein materials with better titers and improved protein quality characteristics (i.e., less aggregation) than those from HEK293. Green fluorescent protein imaging data indicated that ExpiCHO-S™ displayed a delayed but prolonged transient protein expression process compared to HEK293. When therapeutic glycoproteins containing non-Fc N-linked glycans were expressed in transient ExpiCHO-S™, the glycan pattern was unexpectedly found to have few sialylated N-glycans, in contrast to glycans produced within a stable CHO expression system. To improve N-glycan sialylation in transient ExpiCHO-S™, we co-transfected galactosyltransferase and sialyltransferase genes along with the target genes, as well as supplemented the culture medium with glycan precursors. The authors have demonstrated that co-transfection of glycosyltransferases combined with medium addition of galactose and uridine led to increased sialylation content of N-glycans during transient ExpiCHO-S™ expression. These results have provided a scientific basis for developing a future transient CHO system with N-glycan compositions that are similar to those profiles obtained from stable CHO protein production systems. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2724, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Weijun Ma
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Caryl L Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Amy S Tam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Eliza Llewellyn
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Richard Cornell
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Kaffa Cote
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - John J Scarcelli
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Jeffrey K Marshall
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Bruno Figueroa
- Bioprocessing Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Dana DiNino
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Annette Sievers
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Christopher Lee
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Jane Guo
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Evan Mahan
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Christopher Francis
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Khetemenee Lam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Aaron M D'Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Richard Zollner
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Hongli L Zhu
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Ron Kriz
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Will Somers
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| |
Collapse
|