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Wirshing AC, Petrucco CA, Lew DJ. Chemical transformation of the multibudding yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202402114. [PMID: 38935076 PMCID: PMC11211067 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202402114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans is a ubiquitous polymorphic black yeast with industrial and agricultural applications. It has recently gained attention amongst cell biologists for its unconventional mode of proliferation in which multinucleate yeast cells make multiple buds within a single cell cycle. Here, we combine a chemical transformation method with genome-targeted homologous recombination to yield ∼60 transformants/μg of DNA in just 3 days. This protocol is simple, inexpensive, and requires no specialized equipment. We also describe vectors with codon-optimized green and red fluorescent proteins for A. pullulans and use these tools to explore novel cell biology. Quantitative imaging of a strain expressing cytosolic and nuclear markers showed that although the nuclear number varies considerably among cells of similar volume, total nuclear volume scales with cell volume over an impressive 70-fold size range. The protocols and tools described here expand the toolkit for A. pullulans biologists and will help researchers address the many other puzzles posed by this polyextremotolerant and morphologically plastic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C.E. Wirshing
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Claudia A. Petrucco
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J. Lew
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Xiao D, Driller M, Dielentheis‐Frenken M, Haala F, Kohl P, Stein K, Blank LM, Tiso T. Advances in Aureobasidium research: Paving the path to industrial utilization. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14535. [PMID: 39075758 PMCID: PMC11286673 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
We here explore the potential of the fungal genus Aureobasidium as a prototype for a microbial chassis for industrial biotechnology in the context of a developing circular bioeconomy. The study emphasizes the physiological advantages of Aureobasidium, including its polyextremotolerance, broad substrate spectrum, and diverse product range, making it a promising candidate for cost-effective and sustainable industrial processes. In the second part, recent advances in genetic tool development, as well as approaches for up-scaled fermentation, are described. This review adds to the growing body of scientific literature on this remarkable fungus and reveals its potential for future use in the biotechnological industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difan Xiao
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Marielle Driller
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Marie Dielentheis‐Frenken
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Frederick Haala
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Philipp Kohl
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Karla Stein
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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Petrucco CA, Crocker AW, D’Alessandro A, Medina EM, Gorman O, McNeill J, Gladfelter AS, Lew DJ. Tools for live-cell imaging of cytoskeletal and nuclear behavior in the unconventional yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:br10. [PMID: 38446617 PMCID: PMC11064661 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-10-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans is a ubiquitous fungus with a wide variety of morphologies and growth modes including "typical" single-budding yeast, and interestingly, larger multinucleate yeast than can make multiple buds in a single cell cycle. The study of A. pullulans promises to uncover novel cell biology, but currently tools are lacking to achieve this goal. Here, we describe initial components of a cell biology toolkit for A. pullulans, which is used to express and image fluorescent probes for nuclei as well as components of the cytoskeleton. These tools allowed live-cell imaging of the multinucleate and multibudding cycles, revealing highly synchronous mitoses in multinucleate yeast that occur in a semiopen manner with an intact but permeable nuclear envelope. These findings open the door to using this ubiquitous polyextremotolerant fungus as a model for evolutionary cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. Petrucco
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Alex W. Crocker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Alec D’Alessandro
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Edgar M. Medina
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Olivia Gorman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jessica McNeill
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | | | - Daniel J. Lew
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Cruz-Santos MM, Antunes FAF, de Arruda GL, Shibukawa VP, Prado CA, Ortiz-Silos N, Castro-Alonso MJ, Marcelino PRF, Santos JC. Production and applications of pullulan from lignocellulosic biomass: Challenges and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129460. [PMID: 37423546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Pullulan is an exopolysaccharide produced by Aureobasidium pullulans, with interesting characteristics which lead to its application in industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and others. To reduce production costs for industrial applications, cheaper raw materials such as lignocellulosic biomass can be utilized as a carbon and nutrient source for the microbial process. In this study, a comprehensive and critical review was conducted, encompassing the pullulan production process and the key influential variables. The main properties of the biopolymer were presented, and different applications were discussed. Subsequently, the utilization of lignocellulosics for pullulan production within the framework of a biorefinery concept was explored, considering the main published works that deal with materials such as sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, corn straw, and corn cob. Next, the main challenges and future prospects in this research area were highlighted, indicating the key strategies to favor the industrial production of pullulan from lignocellulosic biomasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica María Cruz-Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Zip Code 12602-810, Lorena, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Leda de Arruda
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Zip Code 12602-810, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Pereira Shibukawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Zip Code 12602-810, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Carina Aline Prado
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Zip Code 12602-810, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Nayeli Ortiz-Silos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Zip Code 12602-810, Lorena, Brazil
| | - María José Castro-Alonso
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Zip Code 12602-810, Lorena, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio César Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Zip Code 12602-810, Lorena, Brazil
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Chen X, Wang Y, Zhang XT, Wu YN, Zhang XL, Zhang GC, Wang CL, Zou X, Wang DH, Wei GY. MAL31, a sugar transporter involved in pullulan biosynthesis in Aureobasidium pullulans. J Biotechnol 2022; 359:176-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Fast and efficient CRISPR-mediated genome editing in Aureobasidium using Cas9 ribonucleoproteins. J Biotechnol 2022; 350:11-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen X, Wang Y, He CY, Wang GL, Zhang GC, Wang CL, Wang DH, Zou X, Wei GY. Improved production of β-glucan by a T-DNA-based mutant of Aureobasidium pullulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6887-6898. [PMID: 34448899 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To improve β-1,3-1,6-D-glucan (β-glucan) production by Aureobasidium pullulans, an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method was developed to screen a mutant A. pullulans CGMCC 19650. Based on thermal asymmetric-interlaced PCR detection, DNA sequencing, BLAST analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR assay, the T-DNA was identified to be inserted in the coding region of mal31 gene, which encodes a sugar transporter involved in pullulan biosynthesis in the mutant. The maximal biomass and β-glucan production under batch fermentation were significantly increased by 47.6% and 78.6%, respectively, while pullulan production was decreased by 41.7% in the mutant, as compared to the parental strain A. pullulans CCTCC M 2012259. Analysis of the physiological mechanism of these changes revealed that mal31 gene disruption increased the transcriptional levels of pgm2, ugp, fks1, and kre6 genes; increased the amounts of key enzymes associated with UDPG and β-glucan biosynthesis; and improved intracellular UDPG contents and energy supply, all of which favored β-glucan production. However, the T-DNA insertion decreased the transcriptional levels of ags2 genes, and reduced the biosynthetic capability to form pullulan, resulting in the decrease in pullulan production. This study not only provides an effective approach for improved β-glucan production by A. pullulans, but also presents an accurate and useful gene for metabolic engineering of the producer for efficient polysaccharide production. KEY POINTS: • A mutant A. pullulans CGMCC 19650 was screened by using the ATMT method. • The mal31 gene encoding a sugar transporter was disrupted in the mutant. • β-Glucan produced by the mutant was significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yong He
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Chuan Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Long Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Hui Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2# TianSheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gong-Yuan Wei
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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The role of transport proteins in the production of microbial glycolipid biosurfactants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1779-1793. [PMID: 33576882 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several microorganisms are currently being used as production platform for glycolipid biosurfactants, providing a greener alternative to chemical biosurfactants. One of the reasons why these processes are commercially competitive is the fact that microbial producers can efficiently export their product to the extracellular environment, reaching high product titers. Glycolipid biosynthetic genes are often found in a dedicated cluster, amidst which genes encoding a dedicated transporter committed to shuttle the glycolipid to the extracellular environment are often found, as is the case for many other secondary metabolites. Knowing this, one can rely on gene clustering features to screen for novel putative transporters, as described and performed in this review. The above strategy proves to be very powerful to identify glycolipid transporters in fungi but is less valid for bacterial systems. Indeed, the genetics of these export systems are currently largely unknown, but some hints are given. Apart from the direct export of the glycolipid, several other transport systems have an indirect effect on glycolipid production. Specific importers dictate which hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates can be used for production and influence the final yields. In eukaryotes, cellular compartmentalization allows the assembly of glycolipid building blocks in a highly specialized and efficient way. Yet, this requires controlled transport across intracellular membranes. Next to the direct export of glycolipids, the current state of the art regarding this indirect involvement of transporter systems in microbial glycolipid synthesis is summarized in this review. KEY POINTS: • Transporters are directly and indirectly involved in microbial glycolipid synthesis. • Yeast glycolipid transporters are found in their biosynthetic gene cluster. • Hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrate uptake influence microbial glycolipid synthesis.
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Genetic evidences for the core biosynthesis pathway, regulation, transport and secretion of liamocins in yeast-like fungal cells. Biochem J 2020; 477:887-903. [PMID: 32003433 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
So far, it has been still unknown how liamocins are biosynthesized, regulated, transported and secreted. In this study, a highly reducing polyketide synthase (HR-PKS), a mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (MPDH), a mannitol dehydrogenase (MtDH), an arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH) and an esterase (Est1) were found to be closely related to core biosynthesis of extracellular liamocins in Aureobasidium melanogenum 6-1-2. The HR-PKS was responsible for biosynthesis of 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic acid. The MPDH and MtDH were implicated in mannitol biosynthesis and the ArDH was involved in arabitol biosynthesis. The Est1 catalyzed ester bond formation of them. A phosphopantetheine transferase (PPTase) activated the HR-PKS and a transcriptional activator Ga11 activated expression of the PKS1 gene. Therefore, deletion of the PKS1 gene, all the three genes encoding MPDH, MtDH and ArDH, the EST1, the gene responsible for PPTase and the gene for Ga11 made all the disruptants (Δpks13, Δpta13, Δest1, Δp12 and Δg11) totally lose the ability to produce any liamocins. A GLTP gene encoding a glycolipid transporter and a MDR1 gene encoding an ABC transporter took part in transport and secretion of the produced liamocins into medium. Removal of the GLTP gene and the MDR1 gene resulted in a Δgltp1 mutant and a Δmdr16 mutant, respectively, that lost the partial ability to secrete liamocins, but which cells were swollen and intracellular lipid accumulation was greatly enhanced. Hydrolysis of liamocins released 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic acid, mannitol, arabitol and acetic acid. We proposed a core biosynthesis pathway, regulation, transport and secretion of liamocins in A. melanogenum.
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Zou X, Cheng C, Feng J, Song X, Lin M, Yang ST. Biosynthesis of polymalic acid in fermentation: advances and prospects for industrial application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:408-421. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1571008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chi Cheng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Meng Lin
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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A comprehensive catalogue of polyketide synthase gene clusters in lichenizing fungi. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 45:1067-1081. [PMID: 30206732 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are fungi that form symbiotic partnerships with algae. Although lichens produce diverse polyketides, difficulties in establishing and maintaining lichen cultures have prohibited detailed studies of their biosynthetic pathways. Creative, albeit non-definitive, methods have been developed to assign function to biosynthetic gene clusters in lieu of techniques such as gene knockout and heterologous expressions that are commonly applied to easily cultivatable organisms. We review a total of 81 completely sequenced polyketide synthase (PKS) genes from lichenizing fungi, comprising to our best efforts all complete and reported PKS genes in lichenizing fungi to date. This review provides an overview of the approaches used to locate and sequence PKS genes in lichen genomes, current approaches to assign function to lichen PKS gene clusters, and what polyketides are proposed to be biosynthesized by these PKS. We conclude with remarks on prospects for genomics-based natural products discovery in lichens. We hope that this review will serve as a guide to ongoing research efforts on polyketide biosynthesis in lichenizing fungi.
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Guo J, Huang S, Chen Y, Guo X, Xiao D. Heterologous expression of Spathaspora passalidarum xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase genes improved xylose fermentation ability of Aureobasidium pullulans. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:64. [PMID: 29712559 PMCID: PMC5925849 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aureobasidium pullulans is a yeast-like fungus that can ferment xylose to generate high-value-added products, such as pullulan, heavy oil, and melanin. The combinatorial expression of two xylose reductase (XR) genes and two xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) genes from Spathaspora passalidarum and the heterologous expression of the Piromyces sp. xylose isomerase (XI) gene were induced in A. pullulans to increase the consumption capability of A. pullulans on xylose. Results The overexpression of XYL1.2 (encoding XR) and XYL2.2 (encoding XDH) was the most beneficial for xylose utilization, resulting in a 17.76% increase in consumed xylose compared with the parent strain, whereas the introduction of the Piromyces sp. XI pathway failed to enhance xylose utilization efficiency. Mutants with superior xylose fermentation performance exhibited increased intracellular reducing equivalents. The fermentation performance of all recombinant strains was not affected when glucose or sucrose was utilized as the carbon source. The strain with overexpression of XYL1.2 and XYL2.2 exhibited excellent fermentation performance with mimicked hydrolysate, and pullulan production increased by 97.72% compared with that of the parent strain. Conclusions The present work indicates that the P4 mutant (using the XR/XDH pathway) with overexpressed XYL1.2 and XYL2.2 exhibited the best xylose fermentation performance. The P4 strain showed the highest intracellular reducing equivalents and XR and XDH activity, with consequently improved pullulan productivity and reduced melanin production. This valuable development in aerobic fermentation by the P4 strain may provide guidance for the biotransformation of xylose to high-value products by A. pullulans through genetic approach. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0911-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuewu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
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Guo J, Huang S, Chen Y, Guo X, Xiao D. Discovering the role of the apolipoprotein gene and the genes in the putative pullulan biosynthesis pathway on the synthesis of pullulan, heavy oil and melanin in Aureobasidium pullulans. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 34:11. [PMID: 29255943 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pullulan produced by Aureobasidium pullulans presents various applications in food manufacturing and pharmaceutical industry. However, the pullulan biosynthesis mechanism remains unclear. This work proposed a pathway suggesting that heavy oil and melanin may correlate with pullulan production. The effects of overexpression or deletion of genes encoding apolipoprotein, UDPG-pyrophosphorylase, glucosyltransferase, and α-phosphoglucose mutase on the production of pullulan, heavy oil, and melanin were examined. Pullulan production increased by 16.93 and 8.52% with the overexpression of UDPG-pyrophosphorylase and apolipoprotein genes, respectively. Nevertheless, the overexpression or deletion of other genes exerted little effect on pullulan biosynthesis. Heavy oil production increased by 146.30, 64.81, and 33.33% with the overexpression of UDPG-pyrophosphorylase, α-phosphoglucose mutase, and apolipoprotein genes, respectively. Furthermore, the syntheses of pullulan, heavy oil, and melanin can compete with one another. This work may provide new guidance to improve the production of pullulan, heavy oil, and melanin through genetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuewu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
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