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Colin C, Akpo E, Perrin A, Cornu D, Cambedouzou J. Encapsulation in Alginates Hydrogels and Controlled Release: An Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:2515. [PMID: 38893391 PMCID: PMC11173704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to gather the current state of the art on the encapsulation methods using alginate as the main polymeric material in order to produce hydrogels ranging from the microscopic to macroscopic sizes. The use of alginates as an encapsulation material is of growing interest, as it is fully bio-based, bio-compatible and bio-degradable. The field of application of alginate encapsulation is also extremely broad, and there is no doubt it will become even broader in the near future considering the societal demand for sustainable materials in technological applications. In this review, alginate's main properties and gelification mechanisms, as well as some factors influencing this mechanism, such as the nature of the reticulation cations, are first investigated. Then, the capacity of alginate gels to release matter in a controlled way, from small molecules to micrometric compounds, is reported and discussed. The existing techniques used to produce alginates beads, from the laboratory scale to the industrial one, are further described, with a consideration of the pros and cons with each techniques. Finally, two examples of applications of alginate materials are highlighted as representative case studies.
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Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Soleymani A. The Roles of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)-Based Biostimulants for Agricultural Production Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:613. [PMID: 38475460 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The application of biostimulants has been proven to be an advantageous tool and an appropriate form of management towards the effective use of natural resources, food security, and the beneficial effects on plant growth and yield. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are microbes connected with plant roots that can increase plant growth by different methods such as producing plant hormones and molecules to improve plant growth or providing increased mineral nutrition. They can colonize all ecological niches of roots to all stages of crop development, and they can affect plant growth and development directly by modulating plant hormone levels and enhancing nutrient acquisition such as of potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and essential minerals, or indirectly via reducing the inhibitory impacts of different pathogens in the forms of biocontrol parameters. Many plant-associated species such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Streptomyces, Serratia, Arthrobacter, and Rhodococcus can increase plant growth by improving plant disease resistance, synthesizing growth-stimulating plant hormones, and suppressing pathogenic microorganisms. The application of biostimulants is both an environmentally friendly practice and a promising method that can enhance the sustainability of horticultural and agricultural production systems as well as promote the quantity and quality of foods. They can also reduce the global dependence on hazardous agricultural chemicals. Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer Link, CAB Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, Taylor and Francis, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library were checked, and the search was conducted on all manuscript sections in accordance with the terms Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Enterobacter, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Serratia, Streptomyces, Biostimulants, Plant growth promoting rhizobactera, and Stenotrophomonas. The aim of this manuscript is to survey the effects of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria by presenting case studies and successful paradigms in various agricultural and horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ali Soleymani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Plant Improvement and Seed Production Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
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Moradi Pour M, Hassanisaadi M, Kennedy JF, Saberi Riseh R. A novel biopolymer technique for encapsulation of Bacillus velezensis BV9 into double coating biopolymer made by in alginate and natural gums to biocontrol of wheat take-all disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128526. [PMID: 38172030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis has been known for its high potential in controlling agricultural diseases. Technological advances have opened new perspectives for producing effective formulations by reducing some of the obstacles to their use, such as instability and loss of activity due to exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Encapsulation is one of the new approaches in agricultural science. This research describes discoveries related to processes for the microencapsulation of B. velezensis with natural gums. The efficiency, survival, and controlled release of B. velesensis BV9 encapsulated with alginate mixed with zedo gum, mastic gum, and tragacanth gum were evaluated for this aim. Furthermore, under greenhouse conditions, the encapsulated cells were assessed to control Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in wheat. The results indicated that all tested microcapsules protected >60 % of the bacterial cells. The Alginate-Zedo Gum (Alg-ZG) microcapsules showed a better-controlled release over two months. The greenhouse study indicated that treating wheat plants with Alg-ZG microcapsules was the most efficient treatment, suppressing 100 % of the pathogen. The results indicated that Alg-ZG is the most promising mixture to improve the survivability of B. velezensis BV9. Also, using natural gums and great potential of this formulation provides an effective and affordable fertilizers for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojde Moradi Pour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WRI5 8FF Tenbury Well, United Kingdom
| | - Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
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Novak V, Andeer PF, Bowen BP, Ding Y, Zhalnina K, Hofmockel KS, Tomaka C, Harwood TV, van Winden MCM, Golini AN, Kosina SM, Northen TR. Reproducible growth of Brachypodium in EcoFAB 2.0 reveals that nitrogen form and starvation modulate root exudation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg7888. [PMID: 38170767 PMCID: PMC10776018 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding plant-microbe interactions requires examination of root exudation under nutrient stress using standardized and reproducible experimental systems. We grew Brachypodium distachyon hydroponically in fabricated ecosystem devices (EcoFAB 2.0) under three inorganic nitrogen forms (nitrate, ammonium, and ammonium nitrate), followed by nitrogen starvation. Analyses of exudates with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, biomass, medium pH, and nitrogen uptake showed EcoFAB 2.0's low intratreatment data variability. Furthermore, the three inorganic nitrogen forms caused differential exudation, generalized by abundant amino acids-peptides and alkaloids. Comparatively, nitrogen deficiency decreased nitrogen-containing compounds but increased shikimates-phenylpropanoids. Subsequent bioassays with two shikimates-phenylpropanoids (shikimic and p-coumaric acids) on soil bacteria or Brachypodium seedlings revealed their distinct capacity to regulate both bacterial and plant growth. Our results suggest that (i) Brachypodium alters exudation in response to nitrogen status, which can affect rhizobacterial growth, and (ii) EcoFAB 2.0 is a valuable standardized plant research tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlastimil Novak
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter F. Andeer
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Bowen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yezhang Ding
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kateryna Zhalnina
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kirsten S. Hofmockel
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Connor Tomaka
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Thomas V. Harwood
- The DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Amber N. Golini
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Kosina
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Trent R. Northen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Cheng Y, Narayanan M, Shi X, Chen X, Li Z, Ma Y. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: Their agroecological function and optimistic application for enhancing agro-productivity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166468. [PMID: 37619729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient in the soil-plant nutrient cycling. Although the exogenous application of chemical P fertilizers can satisfy crop P requirements during critical growth phases. While excessive P fertilizers use results in low phosphorus acquisition efficiency (PAE), it has serious environmental consequences and hastens the depletion of P mineral reserves. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have the potential to make insoluble phosphate available to plants through solubilization and mineralization, increasing crop yields while maintaining environmental sustainability. Existing reviews mainly focus on the beneficial effects of PSB on crop performance and related mechanisms, while few of them elucidate the action mechanisms of PSB in soil-microbe-plant interactions for crop cultivation with high yield efficiency. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive review of the physicochemical and molecular mechanisms (e.g., root exudates, extracellular polysaccharides, organic acids, phosphatases, and phosphate-specific transport systems) of PSB to facilitate the P cycle in the soil-plant systems. Further, the potential of commercial applications of PSB (e.g., genetic engineering, seed priming and coating) are also discussed in order to highlight their contribution to sustainable agriculture. Finally, existing challenges and future prospects in agricultural applications are proposed. In conclusion, we firmly believe that PSB represent a highly significant biotechnological tool for enhancing agricultural productivity and offers a wide range of extensive potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhenlun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Kaur R, Kaur S, Dwibedi V, Kaur C, Akhtar N, Alzahrani A. Development and characterization of rice bran-gum Arabic based encapsulated biofertilizer for enhanced shelf life and controlled bacterial release. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1267730. [PMID: 37822736 PMCID: PMC10563852 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1267730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, microbe-based approaches are being tested to address nutrient deficiencies and enhance nutrient use efficiency in crops. However, these bioinoculants have been unsuccessful at the commercial level due to differences in field and in-vivo conditions. Thus, to enhance bacterial stability, microbial formulations are considered, which will provide an appropriate microenvironment and protection to the bacteria ensuring better rhizospheric-colonization. Methods The present study aimed to develop a phosphobacterium-based encapsulated biofertilizer using the ion-chelation method, wherein a bacterial strain, Myroid gitamensis was mixed with a composite solution containing rice bran (RB), gum Arabic (GA), tricalcium phosphate, and alginate to develop low-cost and slow-release microbeads. The developed microbead was studied for encapsulation efficiency, shape, size, external morphology, shelf-life, soil release behavior, and biodegradability and characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Further, the wheat growth-promoting potential of microbeads was studied. Results The developed microbeads showed an encapsulation efficiency of 94.11%. The air-dried beads stored at 4°C were favorable for bacterial survival for upto 6 months. Microbeads showed 99.75% degradation within 110 days of incubation showing the bio-sustainable nature of the beads. The application of dried formulations to the pot-grown wheat seedlings resulted in a higher germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight of the seedlings, and higher potassium and phosphorus uptake in wheat. Discussion This study, for the first time, provides evidence that compared to liquid biofertilizers, the RB-GA encapsulated bacteria have better potential of enhancing wheat growth and can be foreseen as a future fertilizer option for wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sukhminderjit Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Vagish Dwibedi
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Bhojia Institute of Life Sciences, Baddi, India
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Abdulhakeem Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Rani N, Kaur G, Kaur S, Upadhyay SK, Tripathi M. Development of Zn biofertilizer microbeads encapsulating Enterobacter ludwigii-PS10 mediated alginate, starch, poultry waste and its efficacy in Solanum lycopersicum growth enhancement. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124381. [PMID: 37044325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present farming era, rhizobacteria as beneficial biofertilizers can decrease the negative effects of Zinc (Zn) agrochemicals. However, their commercial viability and utility are constrained by their instability under field conditions. Thus, to enhance their stability, microbial formulations are considered, which will not only offer an appropriate microenvironment, and protection but also ensure a high rate of rhizospheric-colonization. The goal of this study was to create a new formulation for the Zn-solubilizing bacteria E. ludwigii-PS10. The studied formulation was prepared using the extrusion technique, wherein a composite solution containing alginate, starch, zinc oxide, and poultry waste was uniformly mixed with the bacterial strain PS10 to develop low-cost, eco-friendly, and slow-release microbeads. The produced microbead was spherical, and characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Further, the microbeads were analyzed for their survival stability over 3 months of storage at room temperature and 4 °C. The effect of the microbead on the vegetative growth of tomato plants was investigated. Results showed that 94 % of the encapsulated microbial beads (EMB) matrix was able to encapsulate the bacterial strain PS10. The dried EMB demonstrated a moisture content of 2.87 % and was able to preserve E. ludwigii-PS10 survival at room temperature at the rate of 85.6 %. The application of the microbead to the tomato plants significantly increased plant biomass and Zn content. As a result, our findings support the use of this novel EMB prepared using an alginate/poultry waste/starch mixture to increase bacterial cell viability and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Gurparteek Kaur
- Laboratory Analyst, Bureau Veritas, 6740, Campobello Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5N 2LB, Canada
| | - Sukhminderjit Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India.
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manikant Tripathi
- Biotechnology Program, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh 224001, India
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Gou Z, Liu G, Wang Y, Li X, Wang H, Chen S, Su Y, Sun Y, Ma NL, Chen G. Enhancing N uptake and reducing N pollution via green, sustainable N fixation-release model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113934. [PMID: 36027962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of N fertilizers has caused serious environmental problems (e.g., soil acidification, excessive N2O in the air, and groundwater contamination) and poses a serious threat to human health. Improving N fertilizer utilization efficiency and plant uptake is an alternative for N fertilizers overuses. Enterobacter cloacae is an opportunistic pathogen, also used as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), has been widely presented in the fields of bioremediation and bioprotection. Here we developed a new N fixation-release model by combining biochar with E. cloacae. The efficiency of the model was evaluated using a greenhouse pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) as the test crop. The results showed that biochar combined with E. cloacae significantly increased the N content. The application of biochar combined with E. cloacae increased total N in soil by 33% compared with that of N fertilizers application. The N-uptake and utilization efficiency (NUE) in plant was increased 17.03% and 14.18%, respectively. The activities of urease, dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA) was improved, the catalase (CAT) activity decreased. Analysis of the microbial community diversity revealed the abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Gemmatimonadetes were significantly improved. The mechanism under the model is that E. cloacae acted as N-fixation by capturing N2 from air. Biochar served as carrier, supporting better living environment for E. cloacae, also as adsorbent adsorbing N from fertilizer and from fixed N by E. cloacae, the adsorption in turn slower the N release. Altogether, the model promotes N utilization by plants, improves the soil environment, and reduces N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechang Gou
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Huiqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Siji Chen
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yingjie Su
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Roslan MAM, Sobri ZM, Zuan ATK, Abdul Rahman NA. Okra Growth, Yield and Rhizosphere Microbiome Responses to the Encapsulated Bioinoculant Application under Reduced Fertilization Regime. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081107. [PMID: 35892963 PMCID: PMC9332871 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is limited evidence that Enterobacter hormaechei can improve plant physiology and yield through soil phosphate (P) and potassium (K) amelioration. This study unraveled the effect of different soil inoculation methods i.e., free-cell and encapsulated (alginate bead containing sugar-protein hydrolysate and molasses) E. hormaechei 40a with different rates of PK-fertilization on okra P and K uptake, and soil rhizosphere bacterial community. The results revealed that 3HB (half-dose PK-fertilizer + encapsulated strain 40a) had the highest soil available P (SAP) and K (SAK), as well as P and K uptake for all plant organs, followed by 3F (full-dose PK-fertilizer), 3HI (half-dose PK-fertilizer + free-cell strain 40a), and 3H (half-dose PK-fertilizer), and improved yield by up to 75.6%. Both inoculated and full-dose fertilizer treatments produced larger pods (>15 cm) compared to 3H. We discovered increased bacterial richness and diversity in both 3HB and 3HI samples compared to uninoculated treatments. Both 3HB and 3F treatments were positively correlated with the increasing abundance of Acidobacteriales, Burkholderia caballeronia paraburkholderia, Gemmataceae, and Sphingomonas along with the SAP and SAK. The plant-beneficial effect of one-time 3HB treatment on okra growth and yield was comparable to biweekly inoculation in 3HI, suggesting a new cost-effective farming approach in precision agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Aidilfitri Mohamad Roslan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.R.); (N.A.A.R.)
| | - Zulfazli M. Sobri
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Aini Abdul Rahman
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.R.); (N.A.A.R.)
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Costa-Gutierrez SB, Adler C, Espinosa-Urgel M, de Cristóbal RE. Pseudomonas putida and its close relatives: mixing and mastering the perfect tune for plants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3351-3367. [PMID: 35488932 PMCID: PMC9151500 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of microorganisms of utmost interest in agricultural biotechnology for their stimulatory and protective effects on plants. Among the various PGPR species, some Pseudomonas putida strains combine outstanding traits such as phytohormone synthesis, nutrient solubilization, adaptation to different stress conditions, and excellent root colonization ability. In this review, we summarize the state of the art and the most relevant findings related to P. putida and its close relatives as PGPR, and we have compiled a detailed list of P. putida sensu stricto, sensu lato, and close relative strains that have been studied for their plant growth–promoting characteristics. However, the mere in vitro analysis of these characteristics does not guarantee correct plant performance under in vivo or field conditions. Therefore, the importance of studying adhesion and survival in the rhizosphere, as well as responses to environmental factors, is emphasized. Although numerous strains of this species have shown good performance in field trials, their use in commercial products is still very limited. Thus, we also analyze the opportunities and challenges related to the formulation and application of bioproducts based on these bacteria. Key points •The mini-review updates the knowledge on Pseudomonas putida as a PGPR. • Some rhizosphere strains are able to improve plant growth under stress conditions. • The metabolic versatility of this species encourages the development of a bioproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bernardette Costa-Gutierrez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano Y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Conrado Adler
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) E Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 461, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel Espinosa-Urgel
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ezequiel de Cristóbal
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) E Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 461, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Chacabuco, Tucumán, Argentina.
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11
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Zheng L, Ma X, Lang D, Zhang X, Zhou L, Wang L, Zhang X. Encapsulation of Bacillus pumilus G5 from polyvinyl alcohol‑sodium alginate (PVA-SA) and its implications in improving plant growth and soil fertility under drought and salt soil conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:231-243. [PMID: 35395281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drought and salt stresses adversely affect the growth and yield of plants in agricultural production. Bacillus pumilus, an important plant growth-promoting bacterium, play a significant role in improving plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this study, B. pumilus G5 were immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol‑sodium alginate (PVA-SA) microbeads and then applied on the Pharbitis nil under drought and salt stresses by pot experiment. Orthogonal array experiments showed that the optimal immobilization conditions of PVA-SA immobilized G5 microbeads were adsorbent 6.0%, PVA: SA 1:1 (3.0%), CaCl2 4.0%, and bacterium: embedding agent (PVA-SA) 3:4; And the G5 microbeads produced at the optimal condition exhibited better cultivable bacteria count, encapsulation rate, expansion rate and mechanical strength. Pot experiment showed that G5 microbeads significantly increased the length and diameter of root and stem, and dry weight of P. nil during experimental stage under drought and salt stress. G5 microbeads also increased the total cultivable bacteria population, the activities of invertase (INV), urease (URE), phosphatase (PHO) and catalase (CAT), and the contents of available nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) in the rhizosphere soil of P. nil. Therefore, our study obtained the optimal process of G5 microbeads, and confirmed its effect on improved plant growth and soil chemical and biological properties of P. nil. Thus it can be used as sustainable tool for eco-friendly bio-inoculants at salinity soil within arid and semi-arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lanmeng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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12
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Kumar S, Diksha, Sindhu SS, Kumar R. Biofertilizers: An ecofriendly technology for nutrient recycling and environmental sustainability. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100094. [PMID: 35024641 PMCID: PMC8724949 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculture plays an important role in a country's economy. In modern intensive agricultural practices, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are applied on large scale to increase crop production in order to meet the nutritional requirements of the ever-increasing world population. However, rapid urbanization with shrinking agricultural lands, dramatic change in climatic conditions and extensive use of agrochemicals in agricultural practices has been found to cause environmental disturbances and public health hazards affecting food security and sustainability in agriculture. Besides this, agriculture soils are continuously losing their quality and physical properties as well as their chemical (imbalance of nutrients) and biological health due to indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. Plant-associated microbes with their plant growth- promoting traits have enormous potential to solve these challenges and play a crucial role in enhancing plant biomass and crop yield under greenhouse and field conditions. The beneficial mechanisms of plant growth improvement include enhanced availability of nutrients (i.e., N, P, K, Zn and S), phytohormone modulation, biocontrol of phytopathogens and amelioration of biotic and abiotic stresses. This plant-microbe interplay is indispensable for sustainable agriculture and these microbes may perform essential role as an ecological engineer to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Various steps involved for production of solid-based or liquid biofertilizer formulation include inoculum preparation, addition of cell protectants such as glycerol, lactose, starch, a good carrier material, proper packaging and best delivery methods. In addition, recent developments of formulation include entrapment/microencapsulation, nano-immobilization of microbial bioinoculants and biofilm-based biofertilizers. Thus, inoculation with beneficial microbes has emerged as an innovative eco-friendly technology to feed global population with available resources. This review critically examines the current state-of-art on use of microbial strains as biofertilizers in different crop systems for sustainable agriculture and in maintaining soil fertility and enhancing crop productivity. It is believed that acquisition of advanced knowledge of plant-PGPR interactions, bioengineering of microbial communities to improve the performance of biofertilizers under field conditions, will help in devising strategies for sustainable, environment-friendly and climate smart agricultural technologies to deliver short and long terms solutions for improving crop productivity to feed the world in a more sustainable manner.
Modern intensive agricultural practices face numerous challenges that pose major threats to global food security. In order to address the nutritional requirements of the ever-increasing world population, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are applied on large scale to increase crop production. However, the injudicious use of agrochemicals has resulted in environmental pollution leading to public health hazards. Moreover, agriculture soils are continuously losing their quality and physical properties as well as their chemical (imbalance of nutrients) and biological health. Plant-associated microbes with their plant growth- promoting traits have enormous potential to solve these challenges and play a crucial role in enhancing plant biomass and crop yield. The beneficial mechanisms of plant growth improvement include enhanced nutrient availability, phytohormone modulation, biocontrol of phytopathogens and amelioration of biotic and abiotic stresses. Solid-based or liquid bioinoculant formulation comprises inoculum preparation, addition of cell protectants such as glycerol, lactose, starch, a good carrier material, proper packaging and best delivery methods. Recent developments of formulation include entrapment/microencapsulation, nano-immobilization of microbial bioinoculants and biofilm-based biofertilizers. This review critically examines the current state-of-art on use of microbial strains as biofertilizers and the important roles performed by these beneficial microbes in maintaining soil fertility and enhancing crop productivity.
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Key Words
- ABA, Abscisic acid
- ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
- AM, Arbuscular mycorrhiza
- APX, Ascorbate peroxidase
- BGA, Blue green algae
- BNF, Biological nitrogen fixation
- Beneficial microorganisms
- Biofertilizers
- CAT, Catalase
- Crop production
- DAPG, 2, 4-diacetyl phloroglucinol
- DRB, Deleterious rhizospheric bacteria
- GA, Gibberellic acid
- GPX, Glutathione/thioredoxin peroxidase
- HCN, Hydrogen cyanide
- IAA, Indole acetic acid
- IAR, Intrinsic antibiotic resistance
- ISR, Induced systemic resistance
- KMB, Potassium mobilizing bacteria
- KSMs, Potassium-solubilizing microbes
- MAMPs, Microbes associated molecular patterns
- PAMPs, Pathogen associated molecular patterns
- PCA, Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid
- PGP, Plant growth-promoting
- PGPR, Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
- POD, Peroxidase
- PSB, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria
- Rhizosphere
- SAR, Systemic acquired resistance
- SOB, Sulphur oxidizing bacteria
- Soil fertility
- Sustainable agriculture
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Diksha
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Satyavir S Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
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Souza-Alonso P, Rocha M, Rocha I, Ma Y, Freitas H, Oliveira RS. Encapsulation of Pseudomonas libanensis in alginate beads to sustain bacterial viability and inoculation of Vigna unguiculata under drought stress. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:293. [PMID: 34136330 PMCID: PMC8144263 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional agricultural practices based on the application of synthetic fertilizers are increasingly considered as unsustainable. Under a forecasted scenario of drought for the next decades, there is a global demand for innovative and sustainable approaches to ameliorate plant performance. Here, encapsulating beneficial microbes (BMs) to promote plant growth is gaining attention. This study evaluates bacterial encapsulation using polymeric beads of alginate, testing the survival of Pseudomonas libanensis TR1 stored up to 90 days. Produced beads were subjected to different treatments (fresh, air-dried and pulverized), which resulted in a variable size range (1200-860 µm). After storage, bacterial viability was maintained, and air-dried beads displayed a higher number of colony-forming units (2 × 107). Then, a glasshouse experiment investigated the drought resistance (plant growth, biomass, and photosynthetic responses) of Vigna unguiculata plants inoculated with these alginate beads. After 10 days of complete water restriction, turgidity and relative water content of V. unguiculata were still high under drought stress (> 80%). Leaf and root growth and biomass did not evidence significant changes after water restriction even after P. libanensis inoculation. Plant photosynthetic parameters (stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, leaf CO2 concentration, or F v'/F m') were slightly affected due to inoculation but the level of stress-induced minimal plant responses. In our experiment, water restriction might have been insufficient to downregulate photosynthetic efficiency and reduce plant growth, limiting our understanding of the role of P. libanensis inoculation in alleviating drought stress in V. unguiculata, but highlighting the important relationship between the stress level and agricultural benefits of using encapsulated BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Souza-Alonso
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Miguel Rocha
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Research Centre for Health and the Environment, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Rocha
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Freitas
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui S. Oliveira
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Bioformulation of Microbial Fertilizer Based on Clay and Alginate Encapsulation. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:86-94. [PMID: 33104853 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to develop new formulations for microbial fertilizers Pseudomonas fluorescens Ms-01 (Pf) and Azosprillum brasilense DSM1690 (Ab) using two kinds of clay minerals. The studied formulations were prepared as hybrid materials based on halloysite and alginate [Ha-Ag] or montmorillonite and alginate polymers [Mt-Ag] and were applied to the bacterial strains to develop low cost, efficient, and slow-release capsules. Their efficiency was evaluated in comparison with alginate [Ag] as the control. The produced capsules were spherical in shape and were chemically and physically characterized and further analyzed for their swelling ratios, soil biodegradability, release kinetics of microbial cells, and their survival stability over 3 months of storage under different conditions (room temperature vs 4 °C). The effect of the capsules on the growth of wheat plants was also investigated. Results showed that both formulations were able to preserve bacterial survival which reached 14.8 log CFU g-1 after 3 months storage in the halloysite formulation. The swelling ratios were ranged between 61.5 ± 1.35% and 36.5 ± 5% for the montmorillonite and the halloysite formulations, respectively. The release kinetics revealed the slow-release capacity of the capsules mainly with the halloysite formulation which significantly released bacterial cells after 15 days of incubation in saline water (15.24 log CFU mL-1). The application of the capsules to wheat plants significantly increased root and shoot biomasses and nitrogen content in the roots. In conclusion, halloysite minerals seem to be more adapted as additive to alginate in microbial encapsulation.
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Vassilev N, Vassileva M, Martos V, Garcia del Moral LF, Kowalska J, Tylkowski B, Malusá E. Formulation of Microbial Inoculants by Encapsulation in Natural Polysaccharides: Focus on Beneficial Properties of Carrier Additives and Derivatives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:270. [PMID: 32211014 PMCID: PMC7077505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the last 10-15 years, the wide application of bioformulated plant beneficial microorganisms is accepted as an effective alternative of chemical agro-products. Two main problems can be distinguished in their production and application: (a) economical competiveness based on the overall up-stream and down-stream operational costs, and (b) development of commercial products with a high soil-plant colonization potential in controlled conditions but not able to effectively mobilize soil nutrients and/or combat plant pathogens in the field. To solve the above problems, microbe-based formulations produced by immobilization methods are gaining attention as they demonstrate a large number of advantages compared to other solid and liquid formulations. This mini-review summarizes the knowledge of additional compounds that form part of the bioformulations. The additives can exert economical, price-decreasing effects as bulking agents or direct effects improving microbial survival during storage and after introduction into soil with simultaneous beneficial effects on soil and plants. In some studies, combinations of additives are used with a complex impact, which improves the overall characteristics of the final products. Special attention is paid to polysaccharide carriers and their derivates, which play stimulatory role on plants but are less studied. The mini-review also focuses on the potential difficulty in evaluating the effects of complex bio-formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Vassilev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Vassileva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Vanessa Martos
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jolanta Kowalska
- Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz Tylkowski
- Chemical Technology Unit, Technology Centre of Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eligio Malusá
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
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Wu Z, Li X, Liu X, Dong J, Fan D, Xu X, He Y. Membrane shell permeability of Rs-198 microcapsules and their ability for growth promoting bioactivity compound releasing. RSC Adv 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06935f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulation of bacteria is an alternative technology to enhance viability during processing and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an 710048
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an 710048
- P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Daidi Fan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an 710048
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
| | - Yanhui He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- P. R. China
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Lobo CB, Juárez Tomás MS, Viruel E, Ferrero MA, Lucca ME. Development of low-cost formulations of plant growth-promoting bacteria to be used as inoculants in beneficial agricultural technologies. Microbiol Res 2018; 219:12-25. [PMID: 30642462 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the main macronutrients for plant development. Despite its large deposits in soils, it is scarcely available for plants. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, belonging to the group of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are capable of mobilizing deposits of insoluble phosphates in the soil. The use of PGPR as inoculants provides an environmentally sustainable approach to increase crop production. The effectiveness of inoculants depends on their proper production, formulation and storage in order to ensure the application of the required number of viable microbial cells. In order to develop inexpensive technology, low-cost compounds for biomass production and protection should be used. After the biomass production process, the product should be formulated in a liquid or a solid form, taking into account required storage time, use of protectors/carriers, storage conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.), ease of application and maintenance of beneficial effects on crops. Careful determination of these optimal conditions would ensure a low-cost efficient inoculant that would promote the growth and yield of various crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Belén Lobo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CONICET, Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Silvina Juárez Tomás
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CONICET, Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Emilce Viruel
- Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido (IIACS), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Leales, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Marcela Alejandra Ferrero
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CONICET, Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina; Microbiología Superior, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000INI, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Ester Lucca
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CONICET, Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina; Microbiología Superior, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000INI, Tucumán, Argentina.
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