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Lee S, Jung HI, Lee J, Kim Y, Chung J, Kim HS, Lim J, Nam KC, Lim YS, Choi HS, Kwak BS. Parathyroid-on-a-chip simulating parathyroid hormone secretion in response to calcium concentration. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3243-3251. [PMID: 38836406 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The parathyroid gland is an endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in blood serum through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Hypoparathyroidism is a chronic disease that can occur due to parathyroid defects, but due to the difficulty of creating animal models of this disease or obtaining human normal parathyroid cells, the evaluation of parathyroid functionality for drug development is limited. Although parathyroid-like cells that secrete PTH have recently been reported, their functionality may be overestimated using traditional culture methods that lack in vivo similarities, particularly vascularization. To overcome these limitations, we obtained parathyroid organoids from tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) and fabricated a parathyroid-on-a-chip, capable of simulating PTH secretion based on calcium concentration. This chip exhibited differences in PTH secretion according to calcium concentration and secreted PTH within the range of normal serum levels. In addition, branches of organoids, which are difficult to observe in animal models, were observed in this chip. This could serve as a guideline for successful engraftment in implantation therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghan Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul, 13722, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul, 13722, Republic of Korea
- The DABOM Inc., 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul, 13722, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngwon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul, 13722, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewoo Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Su Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseok Lim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
- MediSphere Inc., 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chang Nam
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Sung Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Seok Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong Seop Kwak
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
- MediSphere Inc., 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
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Kuo YC, Lin SY, De S, Rajesh R. Regeneration of Pancreatic Cells Using Optimized Nanoparticles and l-Glutamic Acid-Gelatin Scaffolds with Controlled Topography and Grafted Activin A/BMP4. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6208-6224. [PMID: 37882705 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) under controlled conditions has a lot of promise to emulate the pancreatic mechanism in vivo as a foundation of cell-based diabetic therapy. l-Glutamic acid-gelatin scaffolds with orderly pore sizes of 160 and 200 μm were grafted with activin A and bone morphogenic proteins 4 (BMP4) to differentiate iPSCs into definitive endoderm (DE) cells, which were then guided with fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7)-grafted retinoic acid (RA)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (FR-SLNs) to harvest IPCs. Response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the l-glutamic acid-to-gelatin ratio of scaffolds and to optimize surfactant concentration and lipid proportion in FR-SLNs. Experimental results of immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blots revealed that activin A (100 ng/mL)-BMP4 (50 ng/mL)-l-glutamic acid (5%)-gelatin (95%) scaffolds provoked the largest number of SOX17-positive DE cells from iPSCs. Treatment with FGF7 (50 ng/mL)-RA (600 ng/mL)-SLNs elicited the highest number of PDX1-positive β-cells from differentiated DE cells. To imitate the natural pancreas, the scaffolds with controlled topography were appropriate for IPC production with sufficient insulin secretion. Hence, the current scheme using FR-SLNs and activin A-BMP4-l-glutamic acid-gelatin scaffolds in the two-stage differentiation of iPSCs can be promising for replacing impaired β-cells in diabetic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102, ROC
- Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102, ROC
| | - Sheng-Yuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102, ROC
| | - Sourav De
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102, ROC
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102, ROC
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Wang H, Xia Y, Zhang Z, Xie Z. 3D gradient printing based on digital light processing. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8883-8896. [PMID: 37694441 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
3D gradient printing is a type of fabrication technique that builds three-dimensional objects with gradually changing properties. Gradient digital light processing based 3D printing has garnered considerable attention in recent years. This function-oriented technology precisely manipulates the performance of different positions of materials and prints them as a monolithic structure to realize specific functions. This review presents a conceptual understanding of gradient properties, covering an overview of current techniques and materials that can produce gradient structures, as well as their limitations and challenges. The principle of digital light processing (DLP) technology and feasible strategies for 3D gradient printing to overcome any barriers are also presented. Additionally, this review discusses the promising future of 4D bioprinting systems based on DLP printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Chien-Shiung Wu College, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Chien-Shiung Wu College, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhuoying Xie
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Evenbratt H, Andreasson L, Bicknell V, Brittberg M, Mobini R, Simonsson S. Insights into the present and future of cartilage regeneration and joint repair. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35106664 PMCID: PMC8807792 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease. It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems. Despite ongoing research, there is a lack of knowledge regarding disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and possible cures. Current treatments do not fulfill patients' long-term needs, and it often requires invasive surgical procedures with subsequent long periods of rehabilitation. Researchers and companies worldwide are working to find a suitable cell source to engineer or regenerate a functional and healthy articular cartilage tissue to implant in the damaged area. Potential cell sources to accomplish this goal include embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. The differentiation of stem cells into different tissue types is complex, and a suitable concentration range of specific growth factors is vital. The cellular microenvironment during early embryonic development provides crucial information regarding concentrations of signaling molecules and morphogen gradients as these are essential inducers for tissue development. Thus, morphogen gradients implemented in developmental protocols aimed to engineer functional cartilage tissue can potentially generate cells comparable to those within native cartilage. In this review, we have summarized the problems with current treatments, potential cell sources for cell therapy, reviewed the progress of new treatments within the regenerative cartilage field, and highlighted the importance of cell quality, characterization assays, and chemically defined protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Andreasson
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V. Bicknell
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - M. Brittberg
- Cartilage Research Unit, University of Gothenburg, Region Halland Orthopaedics, Kungsbacka Hospital, S-434 80 Kungsbacka, Sweden
| | - R. Mobini
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - S. Simonsson
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mai HN, Kim EJ, Jung HS. Application of hiPSCs in tooth regeneration via cellular modulation. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:225-231. [PMID: 34033906 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based technology provides limitless resources for customized development of organs without any ethical concerns. In theory, iPSCs generated from terminally differentiated cells can be induced to further differentiate into all types of organs that are derived from the embryonic germ layers. Since iPSC reprogramming technology is relatively new, extensive efforts by the researchers have been put together to optimize the protocols to establish in vitro differentiation of human iPSCs (hiPSCs) into various desirable cell types/organs. HIGHLIGHTS In the present study, we review the potential application of iPSCs as an efficient alternative to primary cells for modulating signal molecules. Furthermore, an efficient culture system that promotes the differentiation of cell lineages and tissue formation has been reviewed. We also summarize the recent studies wherein tissue engineering of the three germ layers has been explored. Particularly, we focus on the current research strategies for iPSC-based tooth regeneration via molecular modulation. CONCLUSION In recent decades, robust knowledge regarding the hiPSC-based regenerative therapy has been accumulated, especially focusing on cellular modulation. This review provides the optimization of the procedures designed to regenerate specific organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ngoc Mai
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
Precise characterization of a monolayer of two different biomolecules in a gradient pattern on a glass surface puts high demand on the method used. Some techniques can detect protein monolayers but not on a glass surface. Others can distinguish between different proteins but not identify a gradient pattern. Here, we used ToF-SIMS to validate the complete surface composition, checking all the necessary boxes. As these types of surfaces can dictate sensitive cell behaviors, the precision on a nanolevel is crucial, and to visualize and determine the molecular distribution become essential. The dual monolayer consisted of laminin 521 and one of three other biomolecules of different sizes, epidermal growth factor, growth differentiation factor 5, or bovine serum albumin, creating opposing gradient patterns. The resulting ToF-SIMS imaging and line scan data provided detailed information on the distribution of the adsorbed proteins.
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