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Lee S, Woo CJ, Jung HI, Nam KC, Lim JS, Kwak BS. Formation Pattern Analysis of Spheroids Formed by a Droplet-Based Microfluidic System for Predicting the Aggressiveness of Tumor Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2477-2485. [PMID: 38483467 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Examining tumor heterogeneity is essential for selecting an appropriate anticancer treatment for an individual. This study aimed to distinguish low- and high-aggressive tumor cells by analyzing the formation patterns of spheroids. The droplet-based microfluidic system was employed for the formation of each spheroid from four different subtypes of breast tumor cells. Additionally, heterotypic spheroids with T lymphocytes and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were produced, and distinctions between low- and high-aggressive tumor cells were explored through the analysis of formation patterns using circularity, convexity, and cell distributions. In both homotypic spheroids and heterotypic spheroids with T lymphocytes, spheroids formed from low-aggressive tumor cells exhibited high circularity and convexity. On the other hand, spheroids formed from high-aggressive tumor cells had relatively low circularity and convexity. In the case of heterotypic spheroids with CAFs, circularity and convexity did not exhibit clear differences between low- and high-aggressive tumor cells, but distinct variations were observed in cell distributions. CAFs and low-aggressive tumor cells were evenly distributed, whereas the CAFs were predominantly located in the inner layer, and high-aggressive tumor cells were primarily located in the outer layer. This finding can offer valuable insights into predicting the aggressiveness of unknown tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghan Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jae Woo
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seadaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The DABOM Inc., Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chang Nam
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seok Lim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Gyeongsanbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- MediSphere Inc., Gyeongsan-si 38541, Gyeongsanbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Seop Kwak
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyangsi 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- MediSphere Inc., Gyeongsan-si 38541, Gyeongsanbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Hong SW, Chang KH, Woo CJ, Kim HC, Kwak BS, Park BJ, Nam KC. Evaluation of antibody drug delivery efficiency via nebulizer in various airway models and breathing patterns. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:70. [PMID: 38041207 PMCID: PMC10691028 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nebulizers are commonly used to treat respiratory diseases, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. While inhalation therapy with antibodies has been evaluated in preclinical studies and clinical trials for respiratory diseases, it has not yet been approved for treatment. Moreover, there is limited information regarding the delivery efficiency of therapeutic antibodies via nebulizer. METHODS In this study, the nebulization characteristics and drug delivery efficiencies were compared when immunoglobulin G (IgG) was delivered by five nebulizers using two airway models and five breathing patterns. The study confirmed that the delivered dose and drug delivery efficiency were reduced in the child model compared to those in the adult model and in the asthma pattern compared to those in the normal breathing pattern. RESULTS The NE-SM1 NEPLUS vibrating mesh nebulizer demonstrated the highest delivery efficiency when calculated as a percentage of the loading dose, whereas the PARI BOY SX + LC SPRINT (breath-enhanced) jet nebulizer had the highest delivery efficiency when calculated as a percentage of the emitted dose. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the total inspiration volume, output rate, and particle size should be considered when IgG nebulization is used. We, therefore, propose a method for evaluating the efficiency of nebulizer for predicting antibody drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Woo Hong
- Department of Medical Engineering, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Chang
- Department of Medical Engineering, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chang Jae Woo
- Department of Medical Engineering, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Office of Technology Transfer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ho Chul Kim
- Department of Radiological Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, 13135, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Bong Seop Kwak
- Department of Medical Engineering, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Bong Joo Park
- Department of Electrical & Biological Physics and Institute of Biomaterials, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
| | - Ki Chang Nam
- Department of Medical Engineering, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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Lee DY, Baik YH, Kwak BS, Oh MG, Choi WY. A purse-string suture at the level of internal inguinal ring, taking only the peritoneum leaving the distal sac: is it enough for inguinal hernia in pediatric patients? Hernia 2015; 19:607-10. [PMID: 25644487 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-015-1348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although laparoscopic surgery in children has expanded in recent years. Laparoscopic hernia repair in children is still debatable. We aimed to summarize and describe our results of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair and techniques among children. METHODS Between March 2011 and April 2013, 98 children (67 male, 31 female) underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair at the department of surgery. The clinical outcomes were collected retrospectively. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 22.6 months. Twelve patients were ex-premature infants and a contralateral patent processus vaginalis (PPV) was present in 37 of the 91 unilateral inguinal hernia patients. There were two postoperative complications (transient hydrocele, umbilical port site infection). The mean operative time was 46 min. Recurrence, metachronous hernia and testicular atrophy were not observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary experiences suggest that the laparoscopic purse-string suture of internal inguinal opening of hernia sac could be a safe, effective, and reliable alternative for management of pediatric inguinal hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kwak BS, Kim HO, Kim JH, Lee S, Jung HI. Quantitative analysis of sialic acid on erythrocyte membranes using a photothermal biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 35:484-488. [PMID: 22465447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of sialic acid (SA) at an erythrocyte membrane is becoming an important clinical parameter in diagnosing cancer and diabetes. In spite of such clinical importance, there are only a few, very expensive, time consuming and complicated quantifying methods established. To solve this problem, we demonstrate a novel and direct measurement technique for SA exposed to the cell membrane using a photothermal biosensing system in which the hemoglobin molecules in the erythrocyte absorb a specific wavelength of photons (532 nm) and convert it to a temperature change. For measuring the quantity of SA, we first modified the sensor surface of a micro-scaled thermometer using phenylboronic acid (PBA) containing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) to capture the SA-expressing erythrocytes. Second, the sensor surface was thoroughly washed, and when more SA was expressed, tighter association of erythrocytes to the biosensor was expected. Thirdly, blood sample changes in temperature, heated by the 532 nm wavelength laser, were measured by the bottom layer's micron sized platinum thermometer. The temperature changes from the erythrocytes captured on the sensor surface could be estimated by the amount of SA expressed on the erythrocyte membrane. This novel SA analysis system can solve the problems raised by conventional methods such as multiple enzyme reactions and a time consuming process. We expect that this system will help provide a new tool in the quantitative analysis of SA expression level for the diagnosis of diabetes and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Seop Kwak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Kim
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Environmental Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Lee
- Environmental Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kwak BS, Kim HJ, Kim HO, Jung HI. An integrated photo-thermal sensing system for rapid and direct diagnosis of anemia. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:1679-83. [PMID: 20674328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a thermal biosensor to diagnose the anemia without chemical treatments using temperature increase of red blood cells (RBC) when hemoglobin molecules absorb specific wavelength of photons and convert them to thermal energy. For measuring temperature change of red blood cell, the micro-scaled platinum resistance temperature detector (Pt RTD) was developed. For maintenance of constant ambient temperature, we designed and fabricated a thermostat system. The thermostat system consists of a K-type thermocouple and two electric heaters that serve to increase the system temperature, which is monitored by the thermocouple. Both heaters and the thermocouple were connected to a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and enabled to maintain the temperature constant (<±0.1°C). For specific heating of red blood cell, 8.0 W/cm(2) diode pumped solid state (DPSS) continuous wave (CW) laser module was used with 532 nm wavelength. Using this system, we successfully measured the temperature variations (from 66.33±2.72°C to 74.16±2.06°C) of whole blood samples from 10 anemic patients and subsequently determined the concentration of hemoglobin (from 7.2 g/dL to 9.8 g/dL). The method proposed in this paper requires significantly less amount of whole blood sample (6 μl) compared with the conventional methods (175 μl) and allows instantaneous diagnosis (3 s) of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Seop Kwak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kwak BS, Kim BS, Song SH, Kim HO, Cho HH, Jung HI. Direct measurement of the in vitro hemoglobin content of erythrocytes using the photo-thermal effect of the heme group. Analyst 2010; 135:2365-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00235f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kwak BS, Erbil A, Budai JD, Chisholm MF, Boatner LA, Wilkens BJ. Domain formation and strain relaxation in epitaxial ferroelectric heterostructures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:14865-14879. [PMID: 10010588 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kwak BS, Erbil A, Wilkens BJ, Budai JD, Chisholm MF, Boatner LA. Strain relaxation by domain formation in epitaxial ferroelectric thin films. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 68:3733-3736. [PMID: 10045783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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