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Li Z, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Mu W. Rcs signal transduction system in Escherichia coli: Composition, related functions, regulatory mechanism, and applications. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127783. [PMID: 38795407 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The regulator of capsule synthesis (Rcs) system, an atypical two-component system prevalent in numerous gram-negative bacteria, serves as a sophisticated regulatory phosphorylation cascade mechanism. It plays a pivotal role in perceiving environmental stress and regulating the expression of downstream genes to ensure host survival. During the signaling transduction process, various proteins participate in phosphorylation to further modulate signal inputs and outputs. Although the structure of core proteins related to the Rcs system has been partially well-defined, and two models have been proposed to elucidate the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying signal sensing, a systematic characterization of the signal transduction process of the Rcs system remains challenging. Furthermore, exploring its corresponding regulator outputs is also unremitting. This review aimed to shed light on the regulation of bacterial virulence by the Rcs system. Moreover, with the assistance of the Rcs system, biosynthesis technology has developed high-value target production. Additionally, via this review, we propose designing chimeric Rcs biosensor systems to expand their application as synthesis tools. Finally, unsolved challenges are highlighted to provide the basic direction for future development of the Rcs system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Hou J, Liu M, Qi Q. Efficient production of 2'-fucosyllactose in unconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:716-723. [PMID: 38053583 PMCID: PMC10694633 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) has great application value as a nutritional component and the whole cell biosynthesis of 2'-FL has become the focus of current research. Yarrowia lipolytica has great potential in oligosaccharide synthesis and large-scale fermentation. In this study, systematic engineering of Y. lipolytica for efficient 2'-FL production was performed. By fusing different protein tags, the synthesis of 2'-FL was optimized and the ubiquitin tag was demonstrated to be the best choice to increase the 2'-FL production. By iterative integration of the related genes, increasing the precursor supply, and promoting NADPH regeneration, the 2'-FL synthesis was further improved. The final 2'-FL titer, 41.10 g/L, was obtained in the strain F5-1. Our work reports the highest 2'-FL production in Y. lipolytica, and demonstrates that Y. lipolytica is an efficient microbial chassis for the synthesis of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Chen R, Zhu Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Meng J, Chen Y, Mu W. Engineering Escherichia coli MG1655 for Highly Efficient Biosynthesis of 2'-Fucosyllactose by De Novo GDP-Fucose Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14678-14686. [PMID: 37773050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), the most typical human milk oligosaccharide, is used as an additive in premium infant formula. Herein, we constructed two highly effective 2'-FL synthesis producers via a de novo GDP-fucose pathway from engineered Escherichia coli MG1655. First, lacZ and wcaJ, two competitive pathway genes, were disrupted to block the invalid consumption of lactose and GDP-fucose, respectively. Next, the lacY gene was strengthened by switching its native promoter to PJ23119. To enhance the supply of endogenous GDP-fucose, the promoters of gene clusters manC-manB and gmd-fcl were strengthened individually or in combination. Subsequently, chromosomal integration of a constitutive PJ23119 promoter-based BKHT expression cassette (PJ23119-BKHT) was performed in the arsB and recA loci. The most productive plasmid-based and plasmid-free strains produced 76.9 and 50.1 g/L 2'-FL by fed-batch cultivation, respectively. Neither of them generated difucosyl lactose nor 3-fucosyllactose as byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan 250010, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Qian D, Zhang C, Deng C, Zhou M, Fan L, Zhao L. De novo biosynthesis of 2'-fucosyllactose in engineered Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:521-536. [PMID: 36790735 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pichia pastoris is well known for its ability to produce short and low-immunogenic humanized glycosyl chains onto recombinant glycoproteins, it was thus speculated to be applicable to synthesize oligosaccharides. In this study, generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganism Pichia pastoris GS115 was tested for its potential to be used as a new synthetic chassis to produce the most abundant human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL). METHODS To enable the de novo synthesis of 2'-FL, lactose transporter lac12, two enzymes of gmd, gmer, and fucosyltransferases futC were integrated into the genome of P. pastoris, under the control of constitutive PGAP promoter. RESULTS The resulting recombinant yeasts yielded up to 0.276 g/L through culture optimization in a 5 L bioreactor. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of 2'-FL production in engineered Pichia pastoris. This work is a good starting point to produce 2'-FL using Pichia pastoris as a viable chassis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chunyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Liu Y, Zhu Y, Wang H, Wan L, Zhang W, Mu W. Strategies for Enhancing Microbial Production of 2'-Fucosyllactose, the Most Abundant Human Milk Oligosaccharide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11481-11499. [PMID: 36094047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), a group of structurally diverse unconjugated glycans in breast milk, act as important prebiotics and have plenty of unique health effects for growing infants. 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most abundant HMO, accounting for approximately 30%, among approximately 200 identified HMOs with different structures. 2'-FL can be enzymatically produced by α1,2-fucosyltransferase, using GDP-l-fucose as donor and lactose as acceptor. Metabolic engineering strategies have been widely used for enhancement of GDP-l-fucose supply and microbial production of 2'-FL with high productivity. GDP-l-fucose supply can be enhanced by two main pathways, including de novo and salvage pathways. 2'-FL-producing α1,2-fucosyltransferases have widely been identified from various microorganisms. Metabolic pathways for 2'-FL synthesis can be basically constructed by enhancing GDP-l-fucose supply and introducing α1,2-fucosyltransferase. Various strategies have been attempted to enhance 2'-FL production, such as acceptor enhancement, donor enhancement, and improvement of the functional expression of α1,2-fucosyltransferase. In this review, current progress in GDP-l-fucose synthesis and bacterial α1,2-fucosyltransferases is described in detail, various metabolic engineering strategies for enhancing 2'-FL production are comprehensively reviewed, and future research focuses in biotechnological production of 2'-FL are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250010, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Zhu Y, Wan L, Chen R, Zhang W, Mu W. High-Level De Novo Biosynthesis of 2'-Fucosyllactose by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9017-9025. [PMID: 35834320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk. In this study, a highly efficient biosynthetic route for 2'-FL production was designed via the de novo pathway of GDP-l-fucose using engineered Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Specifically, plasmid-based strains with previously deleted lacZ and wcaJ were further reconstructed by introducing de novo pathway genes and α1,2-fucosyltransferase-encoding wbgL to realize 2'-FL synthesis. The 2'-FL titer was enhanced to 3.92 g/L by further introducing rcsA and rcsB. Subsequently, the additional wbgL expression cassette was chromosomally integrated into recA locus to strengthen fucosylation reaction and a strong constitutive promoter (PJ23119) was used to replace the original promoters of manC-manB and gmd-wcaG to improve 2'-FL synthesis. The maximal 2'-FL titer reached 9.06 and 79.23 g/L in shake-flask and fed-batch cultivation, respectively. The 2'-FL productivity reached 1.45 g/L/h, showing remarkable production potential in large-scale industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Roulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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