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Xu X, Liu F, Qiao W, Dong Y, Yang H, Liu F, Xu H, Qiao M. A Point Mutation in Cassette Relieves the Repression Regulation of CcpA Resulting in an Increase in the Degradation of 2,3-Butanediol in Lactococcus lactis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:773. [PMID: 38674718 PMCID: PMC11051896 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In lactic acid bacteria, the global transcriptional regulator CcpA regulates carbon metabolism by repressing and activating the central carbon metabolism pathway, thus decreasing or increasing the yield of certain metabolites to maximize carbon flow. However, there are no reports on the deregulation of the inhibitory effects of CcpA on the metabolism of secondary metabolites. In this study, we identified a single-base mutant strain of Lactococcus lactis N8-2 that is capable of metabolizing 2,3-butanediol. It has been established that CcpA dissociates from the catabolite responsive element (cre) site due to a mutation, leading to the activation of derepression and expression of the 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene cluster (butB and butA). Transcriptome analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) results showed significant upregulation of transcription of butB and butA compared to the unmutated strain. Furthermore, micro-scale thermophoresis experiments confirmed that CcpA did not bind to the mutated cre. Furthermore, in a bacterial two-plasmid fluorescent hybridization system, it was similarly confirmed that the dissociation of CcpA from cre eliminated the repressive effect of CcpA on downstream genes. Finally, we investigated the differing catalytic capacities of the 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene cluster in L. lactis N8-1 and L. lactis N8-2 for 2,3-butanediol. This led to increased expression of butB and butA, which were deregulated by CcpA repression. This is the first report on the elimination of the deterrent effect of CcpA in lactic acid bacteria, which changes the direction of enzymatic catalysis and alters the direction of carbon metabolism. This provides new perspectives and strategies for metabolizing 2,3-butanediol using bacteria in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (X.X.); (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Fulu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Wanjin Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (W.Q.); (H.X.)
| | - Yujie Dong
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (X.X.); (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (X.X.); (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Fengming Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (X.X.); (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Haijin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (W.Q.); (H.X.)
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (X.X.); (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (F.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (W.Q.); (H.X.)
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Lu P, Bai R, Gao T, Chen J, Jiang K, Zhu Y, Lu Y, Zhang S, Xu F, Zhao H. Systemic metabolic engineering of Enterobacter aerogenes for efficient 2,3-butanediol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:146. [PMID: 38240862 PMCID: PMC10798932 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is an important gateway molecule for many chemical derivatives. Currently, microbial production is gradually being recognized as a green and sustainable alternative to petrochemical synthesis, but the titer, yield, and productivity of microbial 2,3-BDO remain suboptimal. Here, we used systemic metabolic engineering strategies to debottleneck the 2,3-BDO production in Enterobacter aerogenes. Firstly, the pyruvate metabolic network was reconstructed by deleting genes for by-product synthesis to improve the flux toward 2,3-BDO synthesis, which resulted in a 90% increase of the product titer. Secondly, the 2,3-BDO productivity of the IAM1183-LPCT/D was increased by 55% due to the heterologous expression of DR1558 which boosted cell resistance to abiotic stress. Thirdly, carbon sources were optimized to further improve the yield of target products. The IAM1183-LPCT/D showed the highest titer of 2,3-BDO from sucrose, 20% higher than that from glucose, and the yield of 2,3-BDO reached 0.49 g/g. Finally, the titer of 2,3-BDO of IAM1183-LPCT/D in a 5-L fermenter reached 22.93 g/L, 85% higher than the wild-type strain, and the titer of by-products except ethanol was very low. KEY POINTS: Deletion of five key genes in E. aerogenes improved 2,3-BDO production The titer of 2,3-BDO was increased by 90% by regulating metabolic flux Response regulator DR1558 was expressed to increase 2,3-BDO productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ruoxuan Bai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yalun Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Fangxu Xu
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Cordyceps Militaris With Functional Value, Experimental Teaching Center, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Zhang J, Zhao J, Fu Q, Liu H, Li M, Wang Z, Gu W, Zhu X, Lin R, Dai L, Liu K, Wang C. Metabolic engineering of Paenibacillus polymyxa for effective production of 2,3-butanediol from poplar hydrolysate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 392:130002. [PMID: 37956945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol is an essential renewable fuel. The synthesis of 2,3-butanediol using Paenibacillus polymyxa has attracted increasing attention. In this study, the glucose-derived 2,3-butanediol pathway and its related genes were identified in P. polymyxa using combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses. The functions of two distinct genes ldh1 and ldh3 encoding lactate dehydrogenase, the gene bdh encoding butanediol dehydrogenase, and the spore-forming genes spo0A and spoIIE were studied and directly knocked out or overexpressed in the genome sequence to improve the production of 2,3-butanediol. A raw hydrolysate of poplar wood containing 27 g/L glucose and 15 g/L xylose was used to produce 2,3-butanediol with a maximum yield of 0.465 g/g and 93 % of the maximum theoretical value, and the total production of 2,3-butanediol and ethanol reached 21.7 g/L. This study provides a new scheme for engineered P. polymyxa to produce renewable fuels using raw poplar wood hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Baolai-leelai Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271000, China.
| | - Jianzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), and The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Quanbin Fu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Haiyang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Min Li
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Zhongyue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Wei Gu
- Shandong Baolai-leelai Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271000, China.
| | - Xueming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Rongshan Lin
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Li Dai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms to Produce Pyruvate and Derived Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031418. [PMID: 36771084 PMCID: PMC9919917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate is a hub of various endogenous metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, TCA cycle, amino acid, and fatty acid biosynthesis. It has also been used as a precursor for pyruvate-derived compounds such as acetoin, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), butanol, butyrate, and L-alanine biosynthesis. Pyruvate and derivatives are widely utilized in food, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, feed additives, and bioenergy industries. However, compounds such as pyruvate, acetoin, and butanol are often chemically synthesized from fossil feedstocks, resulting in declining fossil fuels and increasing environmental pollution. Metabolic engineering is a powerful tool for producing eco-friendly chemicals from renewable biomass resources through microbial fermentation. Here, we review and systematically summarize recent advances in the biosynthesis pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and metabolic engineering strategies for pyruvate and derivatives. Furthermore, the establishment of sustainable industrial synthesis platforms based on alternative substrates and new tools to produce these compounds is elaborated. Finally, we discuss the potential difficulties in the current metabolic engineering of pyruvate and derivatives and promising strategies for constructing efficient producers.
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