Effects of Pilates exercises on pain, functional status and quality of life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

Effects of Pilates exercises on health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

To verify the effects of Pilates exercises on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in postmenopausal women.

METHODS

A systematic search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, SportDiscus, Scielo, and PEDro. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that intervened with Pilates and had HRQoL as an outcome were eligible. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed using the PEDro scale and the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE system. Meta-analyses were conducted by standardized mean difference (SMD).

RESULTS

Initially, 760 records were located. After screening, 11 RCTs were included in the systematic review. Five studies presented low risk of bias (PEDro score ≥ 6). Evidence of very low to moderate certainty demonstrated significant effects in favor of Pilates exercises vs control groups for five of the nine HRQoL domains analyzed: bodily pain (SMD = 0.96), physical functioning (SMD = 0.85), social functioning (SMD = 0.45), role physical (SMD = 0.79), and role emotional (SMD = 0.61). Subgroup analyzes demonstrated that Pilates had a positive impact on more domains whens administered for ≥ 48 sessions (eight domains) vs < 48 sessions (three domains); and when administered on equipment (seven domains) vs mat (three domains).

CONCLUSION

Pilates exercises, in general, allowed significant effects to improve HRQoL in postmenopausal women, especially when performed on equipment and when administered for at least 48 sessions. However, no analysis showed high certainty of evidence, and more RCTs of high methodological quality are needed to confirm these findings.

Eight Weeks of Pilates Training Improves Respiratory Measures in People With a History of COVID-19: A Preliminary Study

BACKGROUND

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can result in prolonged and severe damage to the lungs and quality of life (QoL). This study was designed to investigate the effects of 8-week Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training on pulmonary function and QoL in patients with COVID-19.

HYPOTHESIS

Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training promotes similar changes on pulmonary function and QoL in people with a history of COVID-19.

STUDY DESIGN

Randomized controlled trial.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level 3.

METHODS

A total of 45 participants (24 men and 21 women) with a history of COVID-19 were assigned randomly to 3 groups: Pilates training (standard Pilates), Aqua-Pilates training (Pilates in water), and Control. The training protocol was performed for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and the ratio of FEV1 to the FVC (FEV1/FVC) indices were measured by a spirometer. The 26-item questionnaire World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) BREF was used to assess QoL. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t test and analysis of covariance with an alpha level <0.05.

RESULTS

The mean age of the participants was 49.9 ± 6.4 years. After 8 weeks of Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training, there were significant increases in FVC (21.4% for Pilates and 22.1% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05), FEV1 (32.3% for Pilates and 34.7% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05), and FEV1/FVC% (9% for Pilates and 10.3% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05) for the experimental groups, but not for control. Changes for Pilates and Acqua-Pilates were significantly higher than for control. The QoL scores were significantly different within and between the experimental groups, with greater improvements in the Aqua Pilates group than in the Pilates group.

CONCLUSION

An 8-week Pilates or Aqua-Pilates training can improve pulmonary function as much as 34%, depending on the parameter, and QoL in people with a history of COVID-19. Aqua-Pilates training appears to be preferable to standard Pilates.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The findings provide important insights into how healthcare professionals can prescribe exercise for COVID-19 survivors.

Investigating the relationship between physical activity and self-reported outcomes in adults with rotator cuff related shoulder pain

PURPOSE

Rotator cuff related shoulder pain is common among older adults. While exercise is often recommended for this condition, the relationship between physical activity levels and self-reported outcomes is unclear. This study investigated whether self-reported outcomes (pain, function, depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, general mental and physical health) relate to physical activity, and whether those who participated in shoulder-specific exercise had better self-reported outcomes than those who performed whole-body exercise.

METHODS

Forty-six participants with rotator cuff related shoulder pain participated from which 35 had complete datasets. Questionnaires were used to assess physical activity, pain, physical function, general health, and self-efficacy. Physical activity levels were also measured using an accelerometer.

RESULTS

Neither pain nor other self-reported outcomes were related to subjective or objective physical activity levels. Participants that completed shoulder-specific exercise had significantly higher exercise self-efficacy than those who completed nonspecific exercise (P = .01; d = 0.91).

CONCLUSION

A significant relationship between pain or self-reported outcomes and physical activity was not identified. Those who self-reported regularly exercising their injured shoulder had higher exercise self-efficacy than those who did not. These findings have clinical implications, suggesting that strategies to boost exercise self-efficacy may be important for older adults with rotator cuff related shoulder pain.

Effects of Mind-Body Exercises for Osteoporosis in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Introduction

Osteoporosis is a major cause of fractures and even life-threatening fractures in the elderly. Mind-body exercise is a beneficial intervention to improve flexibility, control body balance and reduce pain. We aimed to evaluate the effects of physical and mental exercise on osteoporosis in the elderly.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on mind-body exercises for osteoporosis were included. Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang were searched from inception to January 2023. Outcomes included bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), body balance (BB), pain, indicators of bone metabolism (BMI), lower extremity function, fearing level, and quality of life (QOL). The quality of study reporting was rated by 2 reviewers independently, and Review Manager software (version 5.3) was used for meta-analysis.

Results

Thirty-nine trials with 2325 participants were included. The pooled results showed that mind-body exercises have encouraging effect on elderly people with osteoporosis, especially in aspects of BMD, BMC, QOL, improving the function of lower extremity, reducing pain and fearing level. While, dance and eight-section brocade could not improve the quality of life,or dance and eight-section brocade have no effect on BMD.

Conclusions

Mind-body exercises may have potential efficacy for osteoporosis in the elderly. However, due to the poor methodological quality of the included trials, more clinical trials with precise methodological design and rigorous reporting are needed.

The effects of online pilates and face-to-face pilates in healthy individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled study

BACKGROUND

Along with the covid-19 process, people started to turn to online exercise methods. One of these methods is the pilates method, which increases the endurance of the core muscles. This study aims to analyze and compare the effects of online and face-to-face pilates methods.

METHODS

Fifty-eight healthy individuals aged 25-40 years were included in the study. Individuals were randomly divided into three groups; online pilates group (OPG), face-to-face pilates group (FPG), and control group (CG). Pilates groups were given pilates exercises in groups of three or four for eight weeks, three days a week, for 1 h a day, by the physiotherapist. The control group did breathing and relaxation exercises at home. Core muscular endurance, depression, and quality of life were assessed before and after eight weeks of training.

RESULTS

Core muscle endurance, depression, and quality of life improved after pilates in online and face-to-face pilates groups (p < 0.05). No change was found in the control group (p > 0.05). When the gains in the Pilates groups were compared, it was seen that the improvement in the Modified Biering-Sorensen test was more significant in the face-to-face pilates group, and the improvement in the trunk flexion test was more significant in the online group (p < 0.05), while the gains in other parameters were similar (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

As a result, healthy individuals have seen similar benefits in online and face-to-face pilates. Both methods are significant for gaining healthy habits and increasing physical activity in healthy individuals. Trial registration Retrospectively registered. NCT05309486, Registration date: 04/04/2022. URL: https://www.

CLINICALTRIALS

gov/ct2/show/NCT05309486?term=BULGUROGLU&draw=2&rank=1.

Effects of Three Interventions Combining Impact or Walking at Intense Pace Training, with or without Calcium and Vitamin Supplements, to Manage Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia and Osteoporosis

The purpose was to assess the effects of three interventions on bone mineral density (BMD) to prevent the onset or progression of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Specifically, thirty-nine postmenopausal women, diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis, implemented either high-impact training (G1), the same training + calcium and vitamin D intake (G2), or walked at an intense pace + calcium and vitamin D (G3). Baseline change (BC) in BMD was estimated using the femoral neck and lumbar spine T-scores. Participants were classified as having suffered fractures and/or falls before (24-month) and during the 2-year intervention. The participants-aged 61.8 years-were allocated into G1 (n = 9), G2 (n = 16), and G3 (n = 14). The groups evolved similarly over time; however, participants in G2 exhibited the largest T-score improvements with BC over 20%. G1 and G3 maintained BMD levels (BC = -7 to 13.3%; p > 0.05). Falls occurred similarly across the interventions, while the participants in G2 had the lowest percentage of fracture events (p = 0.037). Overall, the findings suggest that regular physical exercise may be effective in maintaining or improving BMD in postmenopausal women presenting with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Due to the limited sample size, the results are preliminary and warrant future randomized trials to validate the findings.

The effects of Pilates on health-related outcomes in individuals with increased risk of fracture: a systematic review

This systematic review examined the effect of Pilates on health-related outcomes in individuals with increased fracture risk to inform the 2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Osteoporosis and Fracture Prevention in Canada. Seven electronic databases were searched to December 2020. Studies of Pilates in men and postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years with low bone mineral density (BMD), history of fragility fracture, or moderate-high risk of fragility fracture were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies and performed risk of bias assessment. Of 7286 records and 504 full-text articles, 5 studies were included, encompassing data from 143 participants (99% female). Data were insufficient for meta-analyses. There is low-certainty evidence that Pilates improved physical functioning and health-related quality of life. The effect of Pilates on falls and BMD is uncertain. No evidence was available for the effect of Pilates on mortality, fractures, or adverse events. Overall, Pilates may improve physical functioning and quality of life. Evidence of benefits relative to harms of Pilates in people with increased fracture risk, particularly males, is limited. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019122685. Novelty: Pilates may improve physical functioning and quality of life in women with osteoporosis. Evidence of the effect of Pilates on BMD, falls, fractures, or adverse events is limited.

Impact of Qigong exercises on the severity of the menopausal symptoms and health-related quality of life: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of a Qigong exercise program on the severity of the menopausal symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of community-dwelling postmenopausal women. This was done by means of a randomized clinical trial with a sample of 125 women who were assigned to either a control (n = 62) or an experimental group (n = 63). The severity of their menopause-related symptoms and HRQoL were assessed through the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) respectively, before and after the intervention period. The main findings of our study reveal significant improvement in the severity of menopausal symptoms at the somatic, psychological, and urogenital levels, as well as in the total score of the MRS. Additionally, participants assigned to the Qigong group experienced improvement in the general health, physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, vitality, and mental health domains of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, as well as in its physical component and mental component summaries. We can therefore conclude that, among Spanish postmenopausal women, a twelve-week Qigong exercise program has beneficial effects on the severity of menopausal symptoms and HRQoL.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03989453..

Effects of Pilates Training on Physiological and Psychological Health Parameters in Healthy Older Adults and in Older Adults With Clinical Conditions Over 55 Years: A Meta-Analytical Review

This meta-analytical review aimed at comparing the impact of Pilates interventions (PIs) on physiological and psychological health parameters in healthy older adults and older adults with a clinical condition aged 55 years and older. The literature search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus). Randomized controlled trials that aimed at improving physiological and psychological health parameters in adults aged 55 years and older using Pilates as an intervention were screened for eligibility. The included data was extracted and assigned based on participants' health condition (clinical vs. non-clinical), as well as the respective control condition used in the study [inactive (IC) vs. active control group (AC)]. Statistical analyses were computed using a random-effects inverse-variance model. Fifty-one studies with a total of 2,485 participants (mean age: 66.5 ± 4.9 years) were included. Moderate effects (SMD: 0.55; 0.68) were found for physiological health parameters (muscle strength, balance, endurance, flexibility, gait, and physical functioning) in both experimental (clinical and non-clinical) conditions when compared to ICs (p < 0.003; p = 0.0001), and small to moderate effects (SMD: 0.27; 0.50) when compared to ACs (p = 0.04; p = 0.01). Moderate to large effects (SMD: 0.62; 0.83) were documented for psychological health parameters (quality of life, depression, sleep quality, fear of falling, pain, and health perception) in both conditions when compared to ICs (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). PIs induce small to large effects in physiological and psychological health parameters in older adults, regardless of their health condition. The substantial heterogeneity within the included studies complicated standardized comparison of the training modalities between the two target groups. Nonetheless, Pilates seems to be a safe, adaptable, and promising exercise approach for a heterogenous population of older adults.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of Pilates on pain, disability, physical function, and quality of life in older adults with chronic musculoskeletal conditions

OBJECTIVES

This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and delivery of Pilates to reduce pain and disability and to improve physical function and quality of life in middle-aged to older adults with a range of chronic musculoskeletal conditions.

METHODS

Searches were conducted using CENTRAL, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Pubmed, PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were controlled trials and observational studies, population mean age 50 years and over with chronic musculoskeletal conditions, using mat-based Pilates exercise. Outcomes included pain, disability, physical function and quality of life.

RESULTS

Seven studies were included, with a combined total sample of 397 participants (73% female). Pilates was significantly effective (p ≤ 0.05) for reducing back pain, neck pain and pain associated with knee osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Additional significant disability, physical functioning and quality of life effects were found for back pain, osteoporosis, and knee OA. Overall Pilates was as effective as other exercise. Adherence to group exercise was good, but poor for home exercise. No significant adverse effects were reported.

CONCLUSION

Pilates is a safe and effective exercise intervention for adults over 50 with a diverse range of musculoskeletal conditions which may otherwise put them at risk of becoming sedentary. Although no overall significant superiority was found over other exercise, participants reported psychosocial benefits particular to the Pilates group exercise, with enjoyment a possible positive factor in adherence. Further research on Pilates exercises for various pathologies could inform teaching and improve engagement with older adults, including those with chronic conditions.

Effectiveness of Pilates and circuit-based exercise in reducing arthralgia in women during hormone therapy for breast cancer: a randomized, controlled trial

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of Pilates compared with circuit-based exercise in reducing arthralgia in women during hormone therapy for breast cancer.

DESIGN

Single-blind randomized controlled trial, parallel.

SETTING

University hospital of Brasilia and Brazilian Association for Assistance to People with Cancer.

PARTICIPANTS

Sixty women with arthralgia were recruited. Eligibility criteria included women complaining of arthralgia during hormone therapy for breast cancer. The exclusion criteria were women with active cancer, lymphedema, limitations to physical exercise, or limitation to answer some questionnaires.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Primary: Pain. Secondary: Function, flexibility, and sleep quality. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and the end of the intervention (8 weeks) by the same blinded evaluator.

INTERVENTION

Sixty participants were randomly assigned 20 to each of the three groups: Pilates, circuit-based exercise, and control groups. Exercise was performed twice per week for 75 min, over a period of 8 weeks. Participants in the control group were instructed to continue their usual activities. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of the outcomes. Intergroup differences were calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Mann Whitney U testing and the parametric data between the three groups with ANOVA of repeated measures with Bonferroni post hoc.

RESULTS

The Pilates group demonstrated a significant difference in pain reduction compared to the circuit group (mean difference: -1.95 points, p = 0.020).

CONCLUSION

Pilates was more effective than circuit-based exercise in reducing arthralgia in women during hormone therapy for breast cancer.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3wsdhs/ Registered on Octob 16th 2017.

Effect of pilates exercises on premenstrual syndrome symptoms: a quasi-experimental study

OBJECTIVES

This study was done to identify the effect of pilates exercises on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

DESIGN

A quasi experimental was conducted on university student with premenstrual syndrome.

METHODS

Population of the study included midwifery students with premenstrual syndrome at Istanbul University Faculty of Health Sciences (N = 286) and 50 of them became the sample (25 in experimental group and 25 in control group). Non-probablistic sampling method was used. While the students in experimental group were asked to practice the pilates exercises for three months, the students in control group were told to maintain their routine habits. At the end of the three months, premenstrual syndrome problem of experimental and control group was diagnosed and the effect of pilates on premenstrual syndrome was evaluated. Premenstrual Syndrome symptoms were evaluated through Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS). The high score received from PMSS shows that the symptoms are intensive.

RESULTS

It was seen that the students in the experimental and control group were similar in terms of their aspects which were individual, health and could affect premenstrual syndrome (p > 005). A statistical significant difference was not found between total scores and sub-dimension scores of PMSS in experimental and control group (p < 0.05). It was seen that PMSS total score of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group (p < 0.001). When in-group comparisons were examined, it was identified that PMSS scores of control group did not change at the beginning and end of exercise, but PMSS score of experimental group at the end of exercise was lower than their score received at the beginning of exercise and, the difference was statistically significant to the highest degree (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

It was seen that the pilates exercises, which were practiced in this research, decreased the PMS symptoms considerably. In this regard, the pilates exercises have an important role in healing the PMS symptoms.

Pilates training improves aerobic capacity, but not lipid or lipoprotein levels in elderly women with dyslipidemia: A controlled trial

INTRODUCTION

The aim of the present study was to verify the effects of a Pilates training on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, as well as on functionality of postmenopausal women with dyslipidemia.

METHOD

This randomized study involved 35 sedentary women with dyslipidemia, aged between 60 and 75 years. One group participated in a Pilates exercises training with two to four weekly sessions during 10 weeks (Pilates group, n = 20) and the other group did not perform any intervention (control group, n = 6). Biochemical analyses and functionality parameters were measured before and after the 10 weeks.

RESULTS

No significant differences were observed in TC, TG, LDL and HDL for both groups. Regarding glucose and CRP levels, significant reductions were observed in both groups after the intervention period. In functional parameters, both groups significantly increased their 30-s chair stand test values. On the other hand, only the Pilates group presented significant increments in the 6-min walk test (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Pilates training did not change lipid or lipoprotein levels, but improved cardiorespiratory fitness of elderly women with dyslipidemia.

Effect of exercise on bone mineral density and quality of life among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis without fracture: A systematic review

BACKGROUND

Osteoporosis is a progressive disease commonly seen in postmenopausal women which is characterized by decreased bone mass. This is becoming an important public health issue in India. This review aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise on quality of life and bone health status among postmenopausal osteoporotic women.

METHODS

We searched the following databases: Pubmed-Medline, Proquest, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Central and PEDro. The review included randomized controlled trials that examined the use of exercise aimed at improving bone mineral density and quality of life in postmenopausal osteoporotic women without a history of fracture. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

RESULTS

This review suggests exercise is effective in improving the bone mineral density and quality of life of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The exercise interventions included in the studies were heterogeneous and included: Tai Chi, high intensity aerobic exercises, Modified Eight Section Brocade exercises, progressive slow loading low impact exercises, pilates and closed kinetic exercises. Four studies had a small sample size and in three studies, interventions were for a shorter duration. Meta-analysis could not be performed as the studies were not homogenous.

CONCLUSION

There is a need to conduct more experimental trials with robust research methods so that a high risk of bias can be avoided. The available evidence supports the positive effects of exercises on postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Effects of mind-body exercises for osteoporosis in older adults: Protocol for systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND

Osteoporosis is an important cause of bone fractures and even a cause of threaten to the lives of elderly people. Mind-body exercises are beneficial interventions for improving flexibility, controlling body balance, and reducing pain. To assess the effect of mind-body exercise on osteoporosis in aging people, we will perform this systematic review.

METHODS

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which carried out about mind-body exercise for osteoporosis will be included. Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang will be searched from inception to January 2020. The outcomes will include bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), body balance, function of lower extremity, pain, fearing level, and quality of life. Trial reporting quality will be assessed by 2 reviewers independently and Review Manager 5.3 software will be used for meta-analysis. Trial registration is under PROSPERO (CRD42020165385).

RESULTS

Based on the current evidence, the potential rank of the efficacy and safety of mind-body exercises for BMD, BMC, body balance, function of lower extremity, pain, fearing level and quality of life will be assessed, and a prioritization regimen will be summarized.

CONCLUSIONS

Evidence from this systematic review could be useful for patients, clinical practitioners, and guideline-makers to select an optimum proposal of mild-body exercises for older adults with osteoporosis.

Impact of aerobic versus resisted exercise training on systemic inflammation biomarkers and quality of Life among obese post-menopausal women

Background

Although post-menopausal obesity is an important public national health problem in Saudi Arabia, to date no study has evaluated the effects of weight reduction on biochemical & clinical parameters and quality of Life for obese Saudi post-menopausal women.

Objective

The aim of this study was examine the effects of aerobic versus resisted exercise training effects upon systemic inflammation biomarkers and quality of life for obese post-menopausal Saudi women.

Material and Methods

One hundred Saudi post-menopausal obese women participated in this study, their age ranged from 50–58 years and their body mass index (BMI) ranged from 30–35 kg/m2. All participants were divided into two equal groups: The first group received aerobic exercise training on treadmill where, the second group received resisted exercise training. Health-related quality of life (SF-36 HRQL), tumor necrosis factor- alpha(TNF-α), Interleukin-2(IL-2), Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before and after 3 months at the end of the study.

Results

The mean values of SF-36 HRQL subscale scores were significantly increased, while the mean value of TNF-α, Il-2, IL-4, IL-6, CRP and BMI were significantly decreased in both groups after treatments. There were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment with more changes in patients received aerobic exercise training.

Conclusion

The current study provides evidence that aerobic exercise is more appropriate than resisted exercise training in modulating inflammatory cytokines and quality of life among obese post-menopausal women.

The Role of Lifestyle in Developing and Maintaining Vasomotor Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study among Iranian Postmenopausal Women

OBJECTIVE

Lifestyle patterns are not only related to healthy life but also could be related to modifying menopausal symptoms. Considering the lack of data, the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between lifestyle and vasomotor symptoms among Iranian postmenopausal women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 302 eligible postmenopausal women referring to Shahroud health centers (Shahroud, Iran) during June 2017 and October 2018. The Iranian standard questionnaire on women health project (Saba questionnaire) was used for data collection. Our data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 18). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression were used to address sociodemographic characteristics among our participants and the relations between lifestyle and vasomotor symptoms.

RESULTS

We found a significant relation between daily dairy units (P = 0.05), daily vegetable units (P = 0.01), weekly use of solid oils (0.01), and hot flush. The relation between daily vegetable units and urinary incontinence was also statistically significant (P = 0.02). When we use multiple logistic regression, we found significant predictive relations between daily vegetable unit status (P = 0.01), weekly use of solid oils (P = 0.04), body mass index (P = 0.03), and hot flush.

CONCLUSION

The study provided findings to support the probable relation between some of lifestyle-related variables and vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women.

The influence of the Pilates method on quality of life and bone remodelling in older women: a controlled study

PURPOSE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Pilates method on quality of life and bone remodeling markers in a group of older women.

METHODS

A longitudinal prospective study with intervention was performed on 40 women aged over 60 years; they were divided into two groups: one submitted to a 50-min Pilates exercise session once a week for 20 weeks (Pilates), and the other was not (Control). Both groups were compared for quality of life using the Medical Outcomes Study 36, and for bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and Type 1 collagen C-telopeptide (CTx) bone remodeling markers.

RESULTS

The Pilates group presented improvement in the quality of life evaluation scores: physical functioning (67.50 ± 18.88 × 86.25 ± 9.58; p = 0.0232), and physical component summary (65.00 ± 14.39 × 79.70 ± 3.83; p = 0.0220). The Pilates group also presented higher scores than that of Controls after the exercise program: physical functioning (86.25 ± 9.58 × 55.50 ± 20.83, p = 0.0003), physical role (100.00 ± 0.00 × 41.25 ± 46.79, p = 0.0009), emotional role (100.00 ± 0.00 × 48.33 ± 50.12, p = 0.0046), vitality (82.50 ± 14.28 × 60.25 ± 21.43, p = 0.011), physical component summary (79.70 ± 3.83 × 54.90 ± 15.05, p < 0.0001), and emotional component summary (74.10 ± 8.37 × 54.18 ± 22.55, p = 0.0111). No changes were noted in bone remodeling markers [CTx (0.39 ± 0.26 × 0.38 ± 0.22 ng/mL) and BSAP (10.73 ± 2.40 × 11.01 ± 3.56 μg/L)] and did not differ from the Control group both before (CTx: 0.39 ± 0.26 × 0.37 ± 0.17 ng/mL; BSAP: 10.73 ± 2.40 × 10.58 ± 3.49 μg/L; p > 0.05) and after exercise (CTx: 0.38 ± 0.22 × 0.38 ± 0.22 ng/mL; BSAP: 11.01 ± 3.56 × 9.85 ± 3.12 μg/L; p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The group of women submitted to Pilates presented improved quality of life but without changes in bone remodeling.

The effects of Pilates vs. aerobic training on cardiorespiratory fitness, isokinetic muscular strength, body composition, and functional tasks outcomes for individuals who are overweight/obese: a clinical trial

Background

Some studies have been conducted to verify the effects of Pilates for individuals who are obese, but conclusive results are not yet available due to methodological concerns. The present study aims to verify and compare the effects of Pilates and aerobic training on cardiorespiratory fitness, isokinetic muscular strength, body composition, and functional task outcomes for individuals who are overweight/obese.

Methods

Of the sixty participants, seventeen were allocated to the control group, since the intervention protocol (Pilates or walking sessions) was during their working hours. The remaining 44 participants were randomly allocated to one of two experimental groups (Pilates (n = 22)) or aerobic groups (n = 21).The Pilates and aerobic groups attended 60-min exercise sessions, three times per week for 8 weeks. The aerobic group performed walking training at a heart rate corresponding to the ventilatory threshold. The Pilates group performed exercises on the floor, resistance apparatus, and 1-kg dumbbells. The control group received no intervention. All volunteers were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention. The following assessments were conducted: food intake, cardiorespiratory maximal treadmill test, isokinetic strength testing, body composition and anthropometry, abdominal endurance test, trunk extensor endurance test, flexibility test and functional (stair and chair) tests.

Results

There was no significant difference pre- and post-intervention in calorie intake [F(2, 57) = 0.02744, p = 0.97)]. A significant improvement in oxygen uptake at ventilatory threshold (p = 0.001; d = 0.60), respiratory compensation point (p = 0.01; d = 0.48), and maximum effort (p = 0.01; d = 0.33) was observed only in the Pilates group. Isokinetic peak torque for knee flexor and extensor muscles did not change for any groups. Lean mass (p = 0.0005; d = 0.19) and fat mass (p = 0.0001; d = 0.19) improved only in the Pilates group. Waist and hip circumference measurements decreased similarly in both experimental groups. Abdominal test performance improved more in the Pilates group (p = 0.0001; d = 1.69) than in the aerobic group (p = 0.003; d = 0.95). Trunk extensor endurance and flexibility improved only in the Pilates group (p = 0.0003; d = 0.80 and p = 0.0001; d = 0.41, respectively). The Pilates group showed greater improvement on the chair and stair tests (p = 0.0001; d = 1.48 and p = 0.003; d = 0.78, respectively) than the aerobic group (p = 0.005; d = 0.75 and p = 0.05; d = 0.41, respectively).

Conclusion

Pilates can be used as an alternative physical training method for individuals who are overweight or obese since it promotes significant effects in cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and performance on functional tests.

Predictors of functional improvement in people with chronic low back pain following a graded Pilates-based exercise programme

BACKGROUND

Several studies have investigated subgroups of patients with low back pain (LBP) most likely to benefit from Pilates or movement control exercises, but none have determined prognostic factors specifically for chronic LBP. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine predictors of change in disability in people with chronic LBP following a Pilates-based exercise programme and reports summarised integrated prediction statistics to aid clinical utility for determination of subgroups likely to benefit or not benefit from treatment.

METHODS

Healthy adults (n = 55) with non-specific chronic LBP undertook a graded 6-week programme involving two 1-hour Pilates sessions/week (1 mat and 1 equipment-based) led in small groups by a trained Pilates instructor. Predictors of change in Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) were identified through regression analysis and used to develop clinical prediction statistics.

RESULTS

Clinically important improvement (n = 14 of 48 analysed) was predicted by four variables: gradual rather than sudden onset of LBP, PSFS <3.7 points, absence of aberrant motions on forward bending, and body mass index >24.5 kg/m². Presence of ≥3 improved probability of success from 29% to 73%. Failure to improve (n = 18) was predicted by three variables: sudden onset of low back pain, patient-specific functional score ≥3.7, and difference between left and right active straight leg raise >7°. Presence of all three increased probability of failure from 38% to 80%.

CONCLUSIONS

A combination of five, easily measured variables were able to predict disability outcome following a graded programme of Pilates-based exercises in people with chronic LBP. Two common movement deficits were inversely related to positive changes in function which may call into question the structural mechanism of improvements observed.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12616001588482.

1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PROCEDURES, PERFORMANCE, AND CLINIMETRIC PROPERTIES

PURPOSE

Tests for quantifying exercise capacity that are applicable in diverse settings are needed. The 1-min sit-to-stand test (1-MSTST) is such a test. This systematic review summarizes the literature addressing 1-MSTST procedures, performance, and clinimetric properties.

METHODS

Three online databases, hand searches, and an expert consultant were used to identify literature relevant to the aims of this review. Inclusion required that studies addressed the 1-MSTST, focused on adults, and were written in English.

RESULTS

Seventeen articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The populations assessed included adults without identified pathologies and adults with lung disease, renal disease, stroke, osteoporosis, or receiving palliative care. The 1-MSTST typically involves an armless chair and the performance of as many sit-to-stand actions as possible in 1 min without using the upper limbs. The mean number of 1-MSTST repetitions reported in the literature achieved ranged from 8.1 (patients with stroke) to 50.0 (young men). Numerous studies supported the convergent and known-groups validity and the test-retest reliability of the test. The test has been shown to be responsive. Normative reference values are available.

CONCLUSIONS

The literature provides considerable support for using the 1-MSTST to quantify exercise capacity. Broader use of this test may be indicated, particularly where space and time are limited.

Método Pilates na comunidade: efeito sobre a postura corporal de idosas

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito do método Pilates (MP) na postura de idosas em uma comunidade. Realizou-se um ensaio clínico controlado, não randomizado, em amostra de 40 idosas de idades entre 60 e 80 anos, divididas igualmente em Grupo Pilates (GP) e Grupo Controle (GC). Os grupos responderam questionário sociodemográfico e foram avaliados, em momentos pré e pós-intervenção, utilizando biofotogrametria, a partir do software SAPO. O GP executou um protocolo de 12 exercícios do MP, duas vezes por semana, durante 50 minutos, por 12 semanas. Realizou-se análise estatística não paramétrica aplicando-se o teste U Mann-Whitney com valor p<0,05 para significância. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, na visão anterior, no momento antes da intervenção, a distância entre os acrômios, epicôndilos e processo estiloide foram menores no GC, em relação ao GP. Verificou-se que após a intervenção não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Na visão posterior observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa nas variáveis: distância do ângulo superior (p=0,01) e inferior da escápula (p=0,02) do GP em relação ao GC. Concluiu-se que o MP promoveu efeito positivo em algumas variáveis do perfil postural de idosas, podendo ser empregado em grupos de práticas corporais comunitárias.

Core Training in Low Back Disorders: Role of the Pilates Method

The Pilates method is a system of exercises developed by Joseph Pilates, which emphasizes recruitment and strengthening of the core muscles, flexibility, and breathing, to promote stability and control of movement. Its focus bears similarity to current evidence-based exercise programs for low back disorders. Spinal stability is a function of three interdependent systems, osseoligamentous, muscular, and neural control; exercise addresses both the muscular and neural function. The "core" typically refers to the muscular control required to maintain functional stability. Prior research has highlighted the importance of muscular strength and recruitment, with debate over the importance of individual muscles in the wider context of core control. Though developed long before the current evidence, the Pilates method is relevant in this setting and clearly relates to current evidence-based exercise interventions. Current literature supports the Pilates method as a treatment for low back disorders, but its benefit when compared with other exercise is less clear.

Influence of a Pilates exercise program on the quality of life of sedentary elderly people: A randomized clinical trial

This study evaluated the influence of a Pilates exercise program on the quality of life (QOL) of sedentary elderly women. Twenty-four elderly women (aged 64.8 ± 3 years) participated in this study. Participants were divided into two groups: a Pilates Group (PG) and a Control Group (CG). The women in the PG performed 30-min sessions of Pilates (on the ground and using appliances) twice a week over six months. To evaluate the QOL, the SF-36 survey was used. The PG achieved significant improvements in 7 out of 8 domains in the survey: functional capacity (p = 0.00), physical aspects (p = 0.03), pain (p = 0.00), general health condition (p = 0.04), vitality (p = 0.02), social aspects (p = 0.03) and mental health (p = 0.05). Our results showed that implementation of a Pilates program can improve QOL of sedentary elderly women.

Standards of reporting: the use of CONSORT PRO and CERT in individuals living with osteoporosis

The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for Patient-Reported Outcomes (CONSORT PRO) and the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) have been developed to improve the quality and transparency of reporting standards in scientific research. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the adoption of CONSORT PRO and CERT by researchers examining the link between exercise and quality of life in individuals living with osteoporosis. A systematic search was conducted to identify randomized control trials published in English evaluating exercise interventions on quality of life in individuals living with osteoporosis. Reporting standards were assessed using CONSORT PRO and CERT. A total of 127 studies were identified with 23 meeting inclusion criteria. "Good" evidence for eight (42.1%) CONSORT PRO and two (12.5%) CERT items was found. Adherence to CONSORT PRO was not related to the year of publication, journal impact factor, or study quality. Adherence to CONSORT PRO and CERT reporting standards is inadequate in the literature examining exercise interventions on quality of life in individuals living with osteoporosis. Sufficient reporting is paramount to knowledge translation, interpretation by interventionists, and clinician confidence in understanding if (and how) exercise is associated with quality of life outcomes in this cohort. Concerns associated with failure to include this information are highlighted.

Pilates and aerobic training improve levels of depression, anxiety and quality of life in overweight and obese individuals

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the effects of Pilates and walking on quality of life, depression, and anxiety levels. Methods: Sixty-three overweight/obese participants were randomly divided into: control (n = 20), walking (n = 21), and Pilates (n = 22) groups. Pilates and walking groups attended eight weeks of 60-minute exercise sessions three times per week. Quality of life, depression, and state- and trait-anxiety levels were evaluated before and after eight weeks of training. Results: Scores of quality of life, depression, and trait-anxiety improved in the Pilates and walking groups. State-anxiety levels improved only in the walking group. Conclusion: Pilates and walking positively impact quality of life, depression and anxiety. The Pilates method could be used as an alternative to improve mood disorders in overweight/obese individuals.

Health-related quality of life, handgrip strength and falls during detraining in elderly habitual exercisers

BACKGROUND

The effects of regular exercise on physical functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) have been thoroughly studied. In contrast, little is known about the changes which occur following cessation of activity (detraining). Here, we have investigated the effect of a 3 month detraining period on HRQOL and on handgrip strength in elderly people who had regularly exercised, and examined the association of these variables with falls.

METHODS

Thirty-eight women and 11 men (mean age, 75.5±5.7 years) took part in a supervised physical exercise program for 9 months, followed by a 3 month detraining period. Participants completed the SF-36 HRQOL questionnaire at the beginning of detraining (baseline) and 3 months later. Handgrip strength and number of falls were also recorded.

RESULTS

Participants had been exercising for 12.1±8.7 years. After the detraining period, we found a significant (p < 0.001--0.05) decline in all SF-36 dimensions, with the exception of handgrip strength. Women presented a larger decline (p < 0.05) in more items than men. During the detraining period, 18.4% participants had a fall incident. HRQOL declined in both fallers and non-fallers during detraining. Interestingly, fallers already had at baseline significantly lower values in physical functioning (p < 0.05), emotional role (p < 0.05) and mental health (p < 0.01), than non-fallers.

CONCLUSIONS

An important decline was found in most items of the SF-36 following a 3 month detraining period, particularly in women. In contrast, strength of the upper limb was not affected by the detraining. The prior lower HRQOL values of those who will subsequently fall suggest that this criterion should be studied as a candidate risk factor for falls. Efforts should be made to encourage the elderly to continue with exercise activities and/or to shorten holiday break periods, in order to maintain their quality of life.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The protocol was registered as a clinical trial in the ANZCTR (trial ID: ACTRN12617000716369 ).

Effects of mat Pilates training and habitual physical activity on thoracoabdominal expansion during quiet and vital capacity breathing in healthy women

BACKGROUND

Pilates is a body/mind method that requires different types of exercise (balance, endurance, strength, and flexibility) and attention to muscle control, posture, and breathing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of mat Pilates training and habitual physical activity on thoracoabdominal motion of healthy and physically active women.

METHODS

Thirty-five women without experience in Pilates exercise, aged between 18 and 35 years, participated in the study (habitual physical activity group: N.=14; and mat Pilates group: N.=21). Three-dimensional kinematic analysis was used to evaluate total and separate thoracoabdominal compartments' expansion (superior and inferior thorax and abdomen), contribution of each compartment to total thoracoabdominal expansion, and coordination between thoracoabdominal compartments.

RESULTS

After 12 weeks of mat Pilates training, thoracoabdominal expansion during quiet breathing was improved by increasing the expansion of abdomen by about 33% (P=0.01). Moreover, expansion of superior (P=0.04) and inferior thorax (P=0.02) and abdomen (P=0.01) was also improved in Pilates (35%, 33%, and 37%, respectively) compared to the habitual physical activity group, after the experimental protocol. Finally, the habitual physical activity group presented a decrease of 13% in the expansion of abdomen (P=0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest the capability of Mat Pilates in improving the action of respiratory and abdominal muscles during breathing and, thus, its benefits to breathing mechanics.

Is Pilates an effective rehabilitation tool? A systematic review

BACKGROUND

Pilates is a system of exercise focusing upon controlled movement, stretching and breathing. Pilates is popular today not only for physical fitness but also for rehabilitation programs. This paper is a review of the literature on the effectiveness of Pilates as a rehabilitation tool in a wide range of conditions in an adult population.

METHODS

A systematic literature review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases were searched for cohort studies or randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The final RCTs were assessed using the PEDro and CONSORT 2010 checklists.

RESULTS

Twenty-three studies, published between 2005 and 2016, met the inclusion criteria. These papers assessed the efficacy of Pilates in the rehabilitation of low back pain, ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, post-menopausal osteoporosis, non-structural scoliosis, hypertension and chronic neck pain. Nineteen papers found Pilates to be more effective than the control or comparator group at improving outcomes including pain and disability levels. When assessed using the CONSORT and PEDro scales, the quality of the papers varied, with more falling toward the upper end of the scale.

CONCLUSION

The majority of the clinical trials in the last five years into the use of Pilates as a rehabilitation tool have found it to be effective in achieving desired outcomes, particularly in the area of reducing pain and disability. It indicates the need for further research in these many areas, and especially into the benefits of particular Pilates exercises in the rehabilitation of specific conditions.

The effectiveness of a basic exercise intervention to improve strength and balance in women with osteoporosis

Objective

To determine the effects of a simple exercise program on the balance and strength of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Methods

This program was based on low intensity strength and balance exercises, and was carried out with simple, readily available equipment. Sixty five women were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG; n=33, age: 57.4±4.8 years) or the control group (CG; n=32, age: 58.8±4.5 years). Participants in the EG underwent balance and strength training for 60 min, three times/week for 6 months. Each session consisted of warm-up exercises (10 min), balance training (20 min), strength training (20 min), and cooldown (10 min). Participants from the CG were asked not to modify their usual habits during the course of the study. Static balance was evaluated using the blind monopodal stance static balance test. In contrast, dynamic balance was assessed using the “8-foot up and go” test, whereas the strength of the upper and lower limbs was measured using the “arm curl” and “30 s chair stand” tests, respectively. All these variables were assessed at baseline and upon program completion.

Results

The EG showed significant improvements (P<0.001) in static balance (21%), dynamic balance (36%), and in the strength of the upper (80%) and lower (47%) limbs in comparison to the CG after the sixth month. Participants in the CG showed significantly lower values (P<0.001) in the four tests. In addition, a significant inverse relationship between static balance and the strength of the upper (r=−0.390; P=0.001) and lower (r=−0.317; P=0.01) limbs was found.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates that a physical exercise program based on balance and strength exercises, carried out with simple and readily available equipment, is capable of significantly improving the strength and balance of women with osteoporosis.

Facilitators and barriers to exercise adherence in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis: a systematic review

The aim of this study was to categorize the facilitators and barriers of exercise and identify methods to promote exercise adherence in the osteoporosis population. Despite the fair methodological quality of included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), less than 75 % identified facilitators and barriers to exercise. Methods to promote and measure exercise adherence were poorly reported.

INTRODUCTION

Several studies have shown exercise to be successful in maintaining or increasing BMD in individuals with low bone mass. Yet, adherence to exercise is poor, with 50 % of those registered in an exercise program dropping out within the first 6 months, lack of time being the number one barrier in many populations. However, in the osteoporosis population, the main facilitator and barrier to exercise is still unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which RCTs reported the facilitators and the barriers to exercise and identified methods to promote adherence to an exercise program.

METHODS

PubMed, CINHAL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Review were queried using a predefined search criterion, and the resulting citations were imported into DistillerSR. Screening was carried out by two independent reviewers, and articles were included in the analysis by consensus. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale.

RESULTS

Fifty-four RCTs examining exercise interventions in patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis were included. A spectrum of facilitators and barriers to exercise for osteoporotic patients were identified; however, no one facilitator was more frequently reported than the other. The most commonly reported barriers were lack of time and transportation. In most RCTs, methods to promote and measure exercise adherence were unsatisfactory. Of the 54 papers, 72 % reported an adherence rate to an exercise program; the lowest reported rate was 51.7 %, and the highest 100 %.

CONCLUSIONS

Most RCTs found were of fair quality; however, less than three quarters identified facilitators and barriers to exercise. Reporting of methods to promote and measure exercise adherence were low. Future work should be directed toward identifying major facilitators and barriers to exercise adherence within RCTs. Only then can methods be identified to leverage facilitators and overcome barriers, thus strengthening the evidence for efficacy of optimal interventional exercise programs. This review has been registered in PROSPERO under registration number CRD42016039941.

Effects of a Pilates exercise program on muscle strength, postural control and body composition: results from a pilot study in a group of post-menopausal women

Participation in exercise programs is heartily recommended for older adults since the level of physical fitness directly influences functional independence. The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of supervised Pilates exercise training on the physical function, hypothesizing that a period of Pilates exercise training (PET) can increase overall muscle strength, body composition, and balance, during single and dual-task conditions, in a group of post-menopausal women. Twenty-five subjects, aged 59 to 66 years old, were recruited. Eligible participants were assessed prior and after 3 months of PET performed twice per week. Muscular strength was evaluated with handgrip strength (HGS) test, 30-s chair sit-to-stand test (30CST), and abdominal strength (AST) test. Postural control and dual-task performance were measured through a stabilometric platform while dynamic balance with 8 ft up and go test. Finally, body composition was assessed by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Statistically significant improvements were detected on HGS (+8.22%), 30CST (+23.41%), 8 ft up and go test (-5.95%), AST (+30.81%), medio-lateral oscillations in open eyes and dual-task condition (-22.03% and -10.37%). Pilates was effective in increasing upper body, lower body, and abdominal muscle strength. No changes on body composition were detected. Results on this investigation indicated also that 12-week of mat Pilates is not sufficient to determine a clinical meaningful improvement on static balance in single and dual-task conditions.

Effects of Pilates exercise programs in people with chronic low back pain: a systematic review

The Pilates method has recently become a fast-growing popular way of exercise recommended for healthy individuals and those engaged in rehabilitation. Several published studies have examined the effects of Pilates method in people with chronic low back pain (LBP). The objective of this study is to describe and provide an extensive overview of the scientific literature comparing the effectiveness of the Pilates method on pain and disability in patients with chronic nonspecific LBP. The study is based on the data from the following sources: MEDLINE-NLM, MEDLINE-EBSCO, Scopus Elsevier, Cochrane, DOAJ, SciELO, and PLOSONE. Original articles and systematic reviews of adults with chronic nonspecific LBP that evaluated pain and/or disability were included in this study; studies in which the primary treatment was based on Pilates method exercises compared with no treatment, minimal intervention, other types of intervention, or other types of exercises. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were adopted. The literature search included 7 electronic databases and the reference list of relevant systematic reviews and original articles to July 2014. Two independent investigators conducted the literature search and performed the synthesis as follows: Study Design; Sample (n); Disability measure; Intervention; and Main results. The searches identified a total of 128 articles. From these, 29 were considered eligible and were included in the analysis. The items were stratified as follows: Pilates method versus other kind of exercises (n = 6 trials) and Pilates method versus no treatment group or minimal intervention for short-term pain (n = 9 trials); the therapeutic effect of the Pilates method in randomized cohorts (n = 5); and analysis of reviews (n = 9). We found that there is a dearth of studies that clearly demonstrates the efficacy of a specific Pilates exercise program over another in the treatment of chronic pain. However, the consensus in the field suggests that Pilates method is more effective than minimal physical exercise intervention in reducing pain. These conclusions need to be supported by other proper investigations.

Effects of a 12-week Pilates course on lower limb muscle strength and trunk flexibility in women living in the community

Researchers in Taiwan studying regular adult physical activity found that among married women aged 26 to 55 years, 56% participated in physical activity, and that the convenience and safety of the activity were major factors contributing to their willingness to exercise. Muscle weakness and poor trunk flexibility are closely related to some chronic diseases in women. In this cross-sectional survey, we used the Polestar Pilates™ method to explore the effects of a 12-week Pilates course on the physical fitness of women living in the community. Fifty-three members of the experimental group (mean age: 42.30 ± 9.97) and 43 of the control group (mean age: 41.23 ± 9.83) were included. We confirm that a convenient Pilates exercise intervention can significantly improve muscle strength and trunk flexibility in women. Our findings serve as an important reference for health authorities in Taiwan and provide higher awareness of women's health and physical fitness, which can help prevent chronic and cardiovascular diseases.

The effects of a single bout pilates exercise on mRNA expression of bone metabolic cytokines in osteopenia women

[Purpose]

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a single bout pilates exercise on mRNA expression of bone metabolic cytokines in elderly osteopenia women.

[Methods]

We selected 11 people of elderly osteopenia women and loaded a single bout pilates exercise about RPE 10-14 level. The blood samples were collected before, immediately after and 60 minute after pilates exercise, then examined calcium metabolic markers in serum and extracted peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from whole blood and confirmed mRNA expression of bone metabolic cytokines from PBMC. To clarify the changes during exercise, we designed repeated measure ANOVA as the control group to perform blood sampling without exercise.

[Results]

As a result, serum P showed significant interaction effect between group and time (p<.001), the pilates exercise group decreased about 9% at immediately after exercise and 13% during recovery after exercise (p<.05), while the control group showed a tendency to increase. Serum CK also showed a significant interaction between group and time (p<.05), the pilates group significantly increased at immediately after exercise and during recovery after exercise (p<.05) but the control group didn’t have changes. TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression in PBMC was significantly increased in the pilates group (p<.01, p<.05), although INF-γ mRNA expression didn’t show statistically significant difference, it tended to increase in the pilates group (NS).

[Conclusion]

These results suggested that a single bout pilates exercise of elderly osteopenia women cause hypophosphatemia with temporary muscle damage, and it leading high turnover bone metabolic state with to activate both of bone formation and bone resorption.