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Winkelmair A, Jansen P. Can a mindfulness-based training influence explicit and implicit attitudes, as well as sustainable nutrition behaviors, particularly in relation to vegetarianism? Appetite 2024:107554. [PMID: 38876151 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a mindfulness intervention (IG) compared to an inactive control group (CG) on explicit and implicit attitudes toward vegetarian and meat-based foods, nutrition behavior measures, trait mindfulness and wellbeing. METHODS In the IG (N = 66), we implemented a mindfulness-based intervention consisting of eight weekly group sessions online, along with an additional half-day session held on campus. The CG (N = 71) received no intervention or training. We employed a pre-/post-intervention design involving questionnaires (trait mindfulness, wellbeing, sustainable nutrition behavior scale), an online supermarket scenario, as well as an explicit rating task and an implicit association task using pictures of vegetarian and meat-based foods. Additionally, a voluntary follow-up testing was conducted two months after the final group session. RESULTS No intervention effects were observed on explicit and implicit attitudes, wellbeing, or nutrition behavior measures. However, there was an increase in trait mindfulness within the IG. Exploratory cross-sectional findings indicated that trait mindfulness facets such as "Acting with Awareness" and "Outer Awareness", along with explicit attitudes, were significant predictors of self-reported sustainable consumption behavior. Additionally, sex and explicit attitudes were identified as significant predictors of vegetarian consumption behavior in the online supermarket task. CONCLUSION Our findings could not substantiate previous claims regarding the potential causal effects of mindfulness practice on sustainable consumption behavior, specifically in the realm of sustainable and vegetarian nutrition, as well as subjective wellbeing. Future studies may benefit from implementing longer-term mindfulness-based interventions and considering other potential decisive factors, such as connectedness to nature and others. Integrating training elements focusing on these specific variables into the intervention could be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Winkelmair
- University of Regensburg, Faculty of Human Sciences, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, 93053, Germany.
| | - Petra Jansen
- University of Regensburg, Faculty of Human Sciences, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, 93053, Germany.
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2
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Baum BS, Hooker K, Vital O, Rinsem V, Rankin M, Coombs J. Varying alignment affects lower extremity joint and limb loading during yoga's Triangle (Trikonasana) pose. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022; 30:60-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Practice or performance? A content analysis of yoga-related videos on Instagram. Body Image 2021; 39:175-183. [PMID: 34487998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Representations of yoga within media have become increasingly idealised, depicting typical practitioners as young, thin, and physically competent. While previous content analyses of yoga have focused on still images, social media platforms such as Instagram encourage the use of video to enhance viewer engagement. Video may contain features which reflect a more nuanced view of the body, and therefore the current study analysed 400 women in yoga-related videos on Instagram for appearance characteristics, body conceptualisation, yoga pose type, risk, and perceived intention. The vast majority of women were perceived to be in their 20s and thin or athletic. Only 13.2 % of women showed average visible levels of body fat, while more than a third displayed visible muscularity across multiple muscle groups. There was little presence of objectification with the majority of women in active poses, though more than 60 % of poses/sequences were advanced and potentially risky. The vast majority of videos appeared to be for the purpose of demonstrating skill rather than instructing the viewer. The findings show that videos on Instagram perpetuate unrealistic appearance ideals in yoga and also provide a platform for content creators to engage viewers by representing yoga as a highly performative, predominantly advanced physical activity.
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Orlygsdottir B, Gunnarsdottir TJ, Thoroddsen A, Vilhjalmsson R. The prevalence and characteristics of yoga or meditation users in Iceland: Results of a national health survey. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 45:101487. [PMID: 34619420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of yoga or meditation has increased decisively in recent years. Factors associated with the use of yoga and meditation are not well understood. The aim was to focus on the relationship of yoga and meditation to sociodemographic background, religiosity, healthcare-related attitudes, mental and physical health, and physician visits. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study builds on data from a national health survey of a random sample of Icelandic adults, aged 18-75 (n = 1599; response rate of 58%). RESULTS The overall use of yoga or meditation reached 19.3% in 2015. This is an increase of 12.5% points over a nine-year period. The increase was much greater for women. Yoga or meditation use was positively related to the female gender, younger age, higher levels of education, and not belonging to a religious denomination. It was also positively related to higher anxiety, previous visits to a physician, and a positive attitude toward CAM services, but it was negatively related to having chronic medical conditions. CONCLUSION Increased use of yoga or meditation may reflect public interest in Icelander's self-care and health promotion. Further studies are needed to better understand the predictors and effects of yoga and meditation.
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Toof J, Mann J, Ouzts Moore R. Rehabilitative Yoga and Mindfulness Counseling Interventions with People Who are Incarcerated. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2021.1921648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Toof
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jordan Mann
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ruth Ouzts Moore
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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6
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Is this what a female yogi looks like? A content analysis of yoga images on Instagram. Body Image 2021; 36:117-126. [PMID: 33285384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As yoga continues to increase in global popularity, idealized representations of a thin, athletic 'yoga body' have also become more prominent across commercial media. To examine how yoga is typically represented on social media, a content analysis of the posts of female yoga practitioners on Instagram was undertaken. Images were sourced using hashtags #yoga, #yogabody, #yogapractice, and #yogawoman, and 200 females per hashtag were then coded on demographic factors, body shape, activity, objectification, and practice of yoga. Results showed that over 90 % of women in the images were coded as being under 40 years of age with the vast majority in their 20 s. Almost three-quarters of women were perceived to be white, 100 % appeared able bodied. More than 80 % were classed as thin and/or athletic, while less than 15 % displayed average levels of visible body fat. More than 50 % of yoga poses were advanced while a quarter displayed potentially unsafe alignment. The findings demonstrate that the typical 'yoga body' on Instagram was perceived to conform to the young, thin/athletic ideal and that overall yoga is not being represented as an inclusive physical practice that can be adapted for women of diverse ages, body types, and abilities.
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Benefits and adverse effects associated with yoga practice: A cross-sectional survey from India. Complement Ther Med 2020; 57:102644. [PMID: 33338582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Benefits and adverse effects of yoga were reported in surveys from different countries. The present study aimed to (i) determine the benefits and adverse effects of yoga in yoga experienced persons in India and (ii) correlate these effects of yoga with factors related to the individual and their yoga practice. DESIGN AND SETTING This convenience sampling in-person survey reports benefits and adverse effects of yoga in 3135 yoga experienced persons. RESULTS The benefits of yoga were reported by 94.5 percent of the respondents. The three most common benefits were improvement in: (i) physical fitness, (ii) mental state and (iii) cognitive functions. An adverse effect of yoga was reported by 1.9 percent of the respondents. The three most common adverse effects reported were: (i) soreness and pain, (ii) muscle injuries and (iii) fatigue. The following factors showed a significant association (in all cases p < 0.05 Chi square test; Cramer's V > 0.10) with reported benefits of yoga: (i) experience of yoga in months, (ii) time spent practicing yoga in a week, (iii) number of yoga techniques practiced, and (iv) whether awareness was maintained during the yoga practice or not. CONCLUSION Benefits of yoga practice to physical health were the most common, with soreness and pain the most common adverse effect of yoga. Yoga practice related factors influence the benefits of yoga.
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Cagas JY, Biddle SJH, Vergeer I. Yoga not a (physical) culture for men? Understanding the barriers for yoga participation among men. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 42:101262. [PMID: 33276223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Yoga offers an integrated approach to health and well-being that could potentially benefit men. This qualitative descriptive study examined men's perceptions of yoga, and identified barriers and possible facilitators for participation. Twenty-one non-yoga participant men, 18-60 years old, and living in Queensland, Australia, were interviewed. Two major barriers were identified using thematic analysis: (1) preference for other forms of physical activity, and (2) gender-related perceptions and pressures (i.e., perception of yoga as feminine, and presence of "bloke" culture and masculine ideals in society). Potential facilitators included: (1) acceptability of yoga among men, (2) providing brief information sessions, and (3) men-only classes. The non-competitive nature of yoga, in addition to being predominantly undertaken by women, makes it less appealing for men living in Australia. These barriers need to be considered if yoga is to be promoted as an option for men, particularly those not drawn to traditional sports or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y Cagas
- Physically Active Lifestyles (PALs) Research Group, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, Australia; Department of Sports Science, College of Human Kinetics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Physically Active Lifestyles (PALs) Research Group, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ineke Vergeer
- Physically Active Lifestyles (PALs) Research Group, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, Australia
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West JL, Tremont G, Miller IW, Uebelacker LA. Yoga v. health education for attentional processes relevant to major depressive disorder. Mindfulness (N Y) 2020; 12:604-612. [PMID: 33777256 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Research has shown that yoga may be an effective adjunctive treatment for persistent depression, the benefits of which may accumulate over time. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the following in a sample of persistently depressed individuals: whether yoga increases mindfulness and whether yoga attenuates rumination. Rumination and mindfulness both represent attentional processes relevant for onset and maintenance of depressive episodes. Methods One-hundred-ten individuals who were persistently depressed despite ongoing use of pharmacological treatment were recruited into an RCT comparing yoga with a health education class. Mindfulness and rumination were assessed at baseline and across 3 time points during the ten-week intervention. Results Findings demonstrate that, compared to health education, yoga was associated with higher mean levels of the observe facet of mindfulness relative to the control group during the intervention period (p =.004, d =0.38), and that yoga was associated with a faster rate of increase in levels of acting with awareness over the intervention period (p= .03, f2 =0.027). There were no differences between intervention groups with respect to rumination. Conclusions Results suggest a small effect of yoga on components of mindfulness during a 10-week intervention period. Previous research suggests that continued assessment after the initial 10 weeks may reveal continued improvement. Future research may also examine moderators of the impact of yoga on mindfulness and rumination, including clinical factors such as depression severity or depression chronicity, or demographic factors such as age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey Tremont
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.,Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Ivan W Miller
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.,Butler Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Lisa A Uebelacker
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.,Butler Hospital, Providence, RI
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Cox AE, Tylka TL. A conceptual model describing mechanisms for how yoga practice may support positive embodiment. Eat Disord 2020; 28:376-399. [PMID: 32200707 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2020.1740911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Yoga practice has been associated with various indices of positive embodiment in correlational and intervention studies. Yet, systematic, theoretically-grounded models detailing specific mechanisms by which yoga supports positive embodiment are lacking. In this article, we present a conceptual model that describes mechanisms (i.e., mediators and moderators) that can be used to guide research to help answer how, for whom, and under what conditions yoga practice may promote positive embodiment. Based on existing theoretical frameworks and empirical findings, this model suggests that (a) yoga practice may cultivate embodying experiences during yoga (e.g., state mindfulness), (b) these embodying experiences may build stable embodying experiences that generalize beyond the yoga context (e.g., trait mindfulness), and (c) these stable embodying experiences may then promote embodying practices (e.g., mindful self-care). This mediational chain is likely moderated by the yoga context (e.g., instructional focus, presence of mirrors, diversity of bodies represented) and yoga practitioners' social identities (e.g., body size, physical limitations), social and personal histories (e.g., experiences with weight stigma and trauma), and personality traits and motives (e.g., body comparison, appearance-focused motives to practice yoga). Using the structure of this conceptual model, we offer researchers ideas for testable models and study designs that can support them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Cox
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University , Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Tracy L Tylka
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University , USA
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11
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Domingues RB, Carmo C. Disordered eating behaviours and correlates in yoga practitioners: a systematic review. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:1015-1024. [PMID: 31016608 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Yoga has been increasingly used as a complementary therapy for eating disorders. However, it is still not clear whether yoga is effective in the prevention and treatment of eating disorders, as some studies suggest that yoga practitioners show elevated levels of disordered eating behaviours. The goal of this systematic review is, thus, to analyse the occurrence of disordered eating behaviours and correlates in yoga practitioners. METHOD PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were used. Search was conducted in several databases and specific journals. RESULTS Twelve articles, all cross-sectional, were identified, following PRISMA guidelines. Results across studies were inconsistent. Yoga practice was usually associated with healthier eating behaviours, lower disordered eating symptoms, and higher positive body image and body satisfaction, suggesting that yoga practitioners may be at a lower risk of developing eating disorders. However, other studies suggested that a high dosage of yoga practice may be associated with a higher prevalence of disordered eating behaviours. CONCLUSIONS As yoga is increasingly used as therapy for eating disorders, understanding the relationship between yoga dosage and disordered eating behaviours is critical to guide treatment recommendations and establish yoga as a valuable complementary therapy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita B Domingues
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Carmo
- Research Centre in Psychology (CIP), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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12
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Wiese C, Keil D, Rasmussen AS, Olesen R. Effects of Yoga Asana Practice Approach on Types of Benefits Experienced. Int J Yoga 2019; 12:218-225. [PMID: 31543630 PMCID: PMC6746050 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_81_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Modern science and the classic text on hatha yoga, Hatha Yoga Pradipika, report physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and relational benefits of yoga practice. While all have specific suggestions for how to practice, little research has been done to ascertain whether specific practice approaches impact the benefits experienced by practitioners. AIMS Our aim was to relate the experience level of the practitioner, the context of practice approaches (time of day, duration of practice, frequency of practice, etc.), and experience level of the teacher, to the likelihood of reporting particular benefits of yoga. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive survey of yoga practitioners across levels and styles of practice. Data were compiled from a large voluntary convenience sample (n = 2620) regarding respondents' methods of practice, yoga experience levels, and benefits experienced. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify approaches to yoga practice that positively predicted particular benefits. RESULTS Frequency of practice, either with or without a teacher, was a positive predictor of reporting nearly all benefits of yoga, with an increased likelihood of experiencing most benefits when the practitioner did yoga five or more days per week. Other aspects of practice approach, experience level of the practitioner, and the experience level of the teacher, had less effect on the benefits reported. CONCLUSIONS Practice frequency of at least 5 days per week will provide practitioners with the greatest amount of benefit across all categories of benefits. Other practice approaches can vary more widely without having a marked impact on most benefits experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne S Rasmussen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Olesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Injury in yoga asana practice: Assessment of the risks. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019; 23:479-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Wu Y, Johnson BT, Acabchuk RL, Chen S, Lewis HK, Livingston J, Park CL, Pescatello LS. Yoga as Antihypertensive Lifestyle Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:432-446. [PMID: 30792067 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of yoga as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy and identify moderators that account for variability in the blood pressure (BP) response to yoga. METHODS We systematically searched 6 electronic databases from inception through June 4, 2018, for articles published in English language journals on trials of yoga interventions that involved adult participants, reported preintervention and postintervention BP, and had a nonexercise/nondiet control group. Our search yielded 49 qualifying controlled trials (56 interventions). We (1) evaluated the risk of bias and methodological study quality, (2) performed meta-regression analysis following random-effects assumptions, and (3) generated additive models that represented the largest possible clinically relevant BP reductions. RESULTS On average, the 3517 trial participants were middle-aged (49.2±19.5 years), overweight (27.9±3.6 kg/m2) adults with high BP (systolic BP, 129.3±13.3 mm Hg; diastolic BP, 80.7±8.4 mm Hg). Yoga was practiced 4.8±3.4 sessions per week for 59.2±25.0 minutes per session for 13.2±7.5 weeks. On average, yoga elicited moderate reductions in systolic BP (weighted mean effect size, -0.47; 95% CI, -0.62-0.32, -5.0 mm Hg) and diastolic BP (weighted mean effect size, -0.47; 95% CI, -0.61 to -0.32; -3.9 mm Hg) compared with controls (P<.001 for both systolic BP and diastolic BP). Controlling for publication bias and methodological study quality, when yoga was practiced 3 sessions per week among samples with hypertension, yoga interventions that included breathing techniques and meditation/mental relaxation elicited BP reductions of 11/6 mm Hg compared with those that did not (ie, 6/3 mm Hg). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that yoga is a viable antihypertensive lifestyle therapy that produces the greatest BP benefits when breathing techniques and meditation/mental relaxation are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
| | - Blair T Johnson
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Rebecca L Acabchuk
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Holly K Lewis
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, PA
| | - Jill Livingston
- Homer Babbidge Library, Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Crystal L Park
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Linda S Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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Erkin Ö, Akçay N. Self-Perceived Health Status and Yoga-Related Perceptions among Yoga Practitioner. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.21763/tjfmpc.452471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Neumark-Sztainer D, MacLehose RF, Watts AW, Pacanowski CR, Eisenberg ME. Yoga and body image: Findings from a large population-based study of young adults. Body Image 2018; 24:69-75. [PMID: 29288970 PMCID: PMC5869146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the potential for yoga to promote body satisfaction in a general population of young adults. The sample included 1664 participants (M age: 31.1, SD=1.6years) in Project EAT, a 15-year longitudinal study. Data from the third and fourth waves (EAT-III and EAT-IV), collected five years apart, were utilized. Practicing yoga (≥30min/week) was reported by 16.2% of young adults. After adjusting for EAT-III body satisfaction and body mass index, yoga practitioners had higher concurrent body satisfaction at EAT-IV than those not practicing yoga (difference: 1.5 units [95% CI: 0.1-2.8], p=.03). Among participants within the lowest quartile of prior (EAT-III) body satisfaction, there was preliminary evidence that body satisfaction at EAT-IV was higher among yoga practitioners than in other young adults. Findings suggest that yoga may be associated with improved body satisfaction, particularly among young adults with low prior body satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States.
| | - Richard F. MacLehose
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, Phone: 612-624-0880
| | - Allison W. Watts
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, Phone: 612-624-0880
| | - Carly R. Pacanowski
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, 015 Carpenter Sports Building, 26 North College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Marla E. Eisenberg
- Division of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414
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Cramer H, Ostermann T, Dobos G. Injuries and other adverse events associated with yoga practice: A systematic review of epidemiological studies. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:147-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Uebelacker LA, Kraines M, Broughton MK, Tremont G, Gillette LT, Epstein-Lubow G, Abrantes AM, Battle C, Miller IW. Perceptions of hatha yoga amongst persistently depressed individuals enrolled in a trial of yoga for depression. Complement Ther Med 2017; 34:149-155. [PMID: 28917367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand depressed individuals' experiences in a 10-week hatha yoga program. DESIGN In a randomized controlled trial, participants were assigned to either 10 weeks of hatha yoga classes or a health education control group. This report includes responses from participants in yoga classes. At the start of classes, average depression symptom severity level was moderate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES After 10 weeks of yoga classes, we asked participants (n=50) to provide written responses to open-ended questions about what they liked about classes, what they did not like or did not find helpful, and what they learned. We analyzed qualitative data using thematic analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Elements of yoga classes that may increase acceptability for depressed individuals include having instructors who promote a non-competitive and non-judgmental atmosphere, who are knowledgeable and able to provide individualized attention, and who are kind and warm. Including depression-related themes in classes, teaching mindfulness, teaching breathing exercises, and providing guidance for translating class into home practice may help to make yoga effective for targeting depression. Participants' comments reinforced the importance of aspects of mindfulness, such as attention to the present moment and acceptance of one's self and one's experience, as potential mechanisms of action. Other potential mechanisms include use of breathing practices in everyday life and the biological mechanisms that underlie the positive impact of yogic breathing. The most serious concern highlighted by a few participants was the concern that the yoga classes were too difficult given their physical abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Uebelacker
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| | | | - Monica K Broughton
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Geoffrey Tremont
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Gary Epstein-Lubow
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Cynthia Battle
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ivan W Miller
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Associations between yoga practice and joint problems: a cross-sectional survey among 9151 Australian women. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1145-1148. [PMID: 28534211 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Yoga exercises have been associated with joint problems recently, indicating that yoga practice might be potentially dangerous for joint health. This study aimed to analyse whether regular yoga practice is associated with the frequency of joint problems in upper middle-aged Australian women. Women aged 62-67 years from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) were questioned in 2013 whether they experienced regular joint pain or problems in the past 12 months and whether they regularly practiced yoga. Associations of joint problems with yoga practice were analysed using Chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression modelling. Of 9151 women, 29.8% reported regular problems with stiff or painful joints, and 15.2, 11.9, 18.1 and 15.9% reported regular problems with shoulders, hips, knees and feet, respectively, in the past 12 months. Yoga was practiced sometimes by 10.1% and often by 8.4% of women. Practicing yoga was not associated with upper or lower limb joint problems. No association between yoga practice and joint problems has been identified. Further studies are warranted for conclusive judgement of benefits and safety of yoga in relation to joint problems.
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20
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Cross-sectional analysis of health-related quality of life and elements of yoga practice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:83. [PMID: 28143469 PMCID: PMC5282804 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mind-body practices such as yoga have been studied for their generally positive effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The association between how a person practices yoga and the person's HRQOL is not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS Yoga practitioners were sent invitations to participate in an online survey via email. Yoga characteristics, HRQOL, and other sociodemographics were collected. Analyses of data from 309 consenting responders evaluated associations between yoga practice characteristics (use of yoga tools, length of practice, location, method, etc.) and the 10-item PROMIS Global Health scale for both physical and mental health components. RESULTS Multivariable regression models demonstrated higher mental health scores were associated with regular meditation practice, higher income, and the method of practicing in a community group class (versus one-on-one). Higher physical health scores were associated with length of lifetime practice, teacher status, Krishnamacharya yoga style, and practicing in a yoga school/studio (versus at home). CONCLUSIONS Meditation practice in yoga is positively associated with mental health. Length of lifetime yoga practice was significantly associated with better physical health, suggesting yoga has a potential cumulative benefit over time. Different locations and methods of practice may be associated with varying effects on health outcomes. Comparative cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on the variations in yoga practice are needed to further characterize health benefits of yoga.
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Abstract
Background: Popular media typically portray yoga as an exercise or posture practice despite the reality that yoga comprised eight practices (called limbs) including ethical behavior, conscious lifestyle choices, postures, breathing, introspection, concentration, meditation, and wholeness. Aim: This study assessed the comprehensiveness of yoga practice as represented in articles in the popular yoga magazine, Yoga Journal. It explored the degree to which articles referenced each of the eight limbs of yoga and other contents (e.g., fitness, spirituality). Materials and Methods: Six coders were trained to reliably and independently review 702 articles in 33 Yoga Journal issues published between 2007 and 2014, coding for the limbs of yoga and other contents. Results: Breathing and postures were most frequently referenced, which were covered in 48.7% and 40.1% of articles. Internal practices were covered in 36.5% of articles with introspection being the most and concentration the least commonly referred to internal practices. Ethical and lifestyle practices were least frequently covered (5.2% and 6.8%). Since 2007, coverage of postures steadily increased, whereas contents related to the other limbs steadily decreased. The most frequent other contents related to fitness (31.7%), spirituality (20.8), and relationships (18.7%) coverage of these did not change across time. Conclusions: Representation of yoga in articles contained in the most popular yoga magazine is heavily biased in favor of physical practices. Recommendations are offered about how to shift media representation of yoga to make the heart of the practice more accessible to individuals who could experience health benefits but currently feel excluded from the practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Freeman
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | | | - Elika Razmjou
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Christiane Brems
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, USA
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