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Mosca N, Alessio N, Di Paola A, Marrapodi MM, Galderisi U, Russo A, Rossi F, Potenza N. Osteosarcoma in a ceRNET perspective. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:59. [PMID: 38835012 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent and fatal type of bone tumor. It is characterized by great heterogeneity of genomic aberrations, mutated genes, and cell types contribution, making therapy and patients management particularly challenging. A unifying picture of molecular mechanisms underlying the disease could help to transform those challenges into opportunities.This review deeply explores the occurrence in OS of large-scale RNA regulatory networks, denominated "competing endogenous RNA network" (ceRNET), wherein different RNA biotypes, such as long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and mRNAs can functionally interact each other by competitively binding to shared microRNAs. Here, we discuss how the unbalancing of any network component can derail the entire circuit, driving OS onset and progression by impacting on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis, and even chemotherapeutic resistance, as distilled from many studies. Intriguingly, the aberrant expression of the networks components in OS cells can be triggered also by the surroundings, through cytokines and vesicles, with their bioactive cargo of proteins and non-coding RNAs, highlighting the relevance of tumor microenvironment. A comprehensive picture of RNA regulatory networks underlying OS could pave the way for the development of innovative RNA-targeted and RNA-based therapies and new diagnostic tools, also in the perspective of precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Mosca
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Paola
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Marrapodi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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Liu S, Guan C, Sha X, Gao X, Zou X, Yang C, Zhang X, Zhong X, Jiang X. Circ_0007534 promotes cholangiocarcinoma stemness and resistance to anoikis through DDX3X-mediated positive feedback regulation of parental gene DDX42. Cell Signal 2024; 118:111141. [PMID: 38492624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis, and much remains unknown about its pathogenesis and treatment modalities. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been proven to play regulatory roles in various tumorigenesis, yet its potential function and mechanism in cholangiocarcinoma require further investigation. This study is the first to identify the aberrant expression and functional role of a novel circRNA, circ_0007534, derived from the DDX42 gene, in cholangiocarcinoma. Compared to the normal control group, the expression of circ_0007534 was significantly elevated in the tissues and cells with CCA and that high expression correlated with lymph node invasion and poor prognosis. Functional experiments indicated that downregulating circ_0007534 markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, and anti-anoikis ability of CCA cells, as well as the tumor growth and liver and lung metastasis in nude mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that DDX42, as the parent gene of circ_0007534, can mutually regulate each other's expression. Predominantly located in the cytoplasm, circ_0007534 can form a complex with the RNA-binding protein DDX3X, which enhances the stability of DDX42 mRNA, thereby upregulating the expression of DDX42. This creates a positive feedback loop among the three, collectively promoting the progression of cholangiocarcinoma. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the pivotal role and molecular mechanism of circ_0007534 in the development of CCA, offering potential new targets for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Liu
- General Surgery Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Canghai Guan
- General Surgery Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiangjun Sha
- General Surgery Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xin Gao
- General Surgery Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinlei Zou
- General Surgery Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chengru Yang
- General Surgery Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinmiao Zhang
- General Surgery Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhong
- General Surgery Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Xingming Jiang
- General Surgery Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 148 Baojian Street, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Xiang Y, Yang Y, Liu J, Yang X. Functional role of MicroRNA/PI3K/AKT axis in osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1219211. [PMID: 37404761 PMCID: PMC10315918 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1219211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor that occurs in children and adolescents, and the PI3K/AKT pathway is overactivated in most OS patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved endogenous non-protein-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by repressing mRNA translation or degrading mRNA. MiRNAs are enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway, and aberrant PI3K/AKT pathway activation is involved in the development of osteosarcoma. There is increasing evidence that miRNAs can regulate the biological functions of cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. MiRNA/PI3K/AKT axis can regulate the expression of osteosarcoma-related genes and then regulate cancer progression. MiRNA expression associated with PI3K/AKT pathway is also clearly associated with many clinical features. In addition, PI3K/AKT pathway-associated miRNAs are potential biomarkers for osteosarcoma diagnosis, treatment and prognostic assessment. This article reviews recent research advances on the role and clinical application of PI3K/AKT pathway and miRNA/PI3K/AKT axis in the development of osteosarcoma.
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Li J, Zhao C, Wang D, Wang S, Dong H, Wang D, Yang Y, Li J, Cui F, He X, Qin J. ZIM3 activation of CCL25 expression in pulmonary metastatic nodules of osteosarcoma recruits M2 macrophages to promote metastatic growth. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:903-916. [PMID: 36161509 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. However, the involvement of TAMs infiltration in pulmonary osteosarcoma (OS) metastasis remains poorly understood. Therefore, the effect of OS cells on macrophages migration was investigated by in vivo and in vitro experiments to evaluate the infiltration and mechanism of TAMs in pulmonary OS metastases. The results showed that the zinc finger protein ZIM3 was upregulated in OS cells than in osteoblasts and activated the expression of CCL25, which subsequently promoted the migration of M2 macrophages. CCL25 or ZIM3 silencing in OS cells inhibited the infiltration of M2 macrophages and the formation of pulmonary metastatic nodules in a mouse model of pulmonary OS metastasis and prolonged the survival of the mice. Furthermore, bioinformatics analyses revealed that CCL25 and ZIM3 expressions are negatively correlated with the prognosis of OS patients. In conclusion, this study found that a large number of M2 TAMs were recruited into pulmonary metastatic nodules of OS through the activation of the ZIM3-CCL25 axis in OS cells, thereby facilitating OS metastasis. Therefore, the suppression of ZIM3-CCL25-induced recruitment of M2 TAMs to the metastatic sites might be considered as a therapeutic approach to inhibit the growth of pulmonary OS metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Difan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Liu B, Dong C, Chen Q, Fan Z, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Cui T, Liu F. Circ_0007534 as new emerging target in cancer: Biological functions and molecular interactions. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1031802. [PMID: 36505874 PMCID: PMC9730518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1031802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNAs), an important member of the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) family, are widely expressed in a variety of biological cells. Owing to their stable structures, sequence conservations, and cell- or tissue-specific expressions, these RNA have become a popular subject of scientific research. With the development of sequencing methods, it has been revealed that circRNAs exert their biological function by sponging microRNAs (miRNAs), regulating transcription, or binding to proteins. Humans have historically been significantly impacted by various types of cancer. Studies have shown that circRNAs are abnormally expressed in various cancers and are involved in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, such as tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. As one of its star molecules, circ_0007534 is upregulated in colorectal, cervical, and pancreatic cancers; is closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of tumors; and is expected to become a novel tumor marker and therapeutic target. This article briefly reviews the expression and mechanism of circ_0007534 in malignant tumors based on the domestic and foreign literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fuquan Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Gao X, Fang D, Liang Y, Deng X, Chen N, Zeng M, Luo M. Circular RNAs as emerging regulators in COVID-19 pathogenesis and progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980231. [PMID: 36439162 PMCID: PMC9681929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious acute respiratory disease caused by a newly emerging RNA virus, is a still-growing pandemic that has caused more than 6 million deaths globally and has seriously threatened the lives and health of people across the world. Currently, several drugs have been used in the clinical treatment of COVID-19, such as small molecules, neutralizing antibodies, and monoclonal antibodies. In addition, several vaccines have been used to prevent the spread of the pandemic, such as adenovirus vector vaccines, inactivated vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. However, the efficacy of vaccines and the onset of adverse reactions vary among individuals. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial regulators of viral infections and antiviral immune responses and are heavily involved in COVID-19 pathologies. During novel coronavirus infection, circRNAs not only directly affect the transcription process and interfere with viral replication but also indirectly regulate biological processes, including virus-host receptor binding and the immune response. Consequently, understanding the expression and function of circRNAs during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will provide novel insights into the development of circRNA-based methods. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs that regulate the inflammatory response, viral replication, immune evasion, and cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and thus highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the treatment of COVID-19 and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, which usually occurs in children and adolescents. It is generally a high-grade malignancy presenting with extreme metastases to the lungs or other bones. The etiology of the disease is multifaceted and still remains obscure. A combination of surgery and chemotherapy has played a major role in the treatment of OS over the past three decades, and consequently, the overall survival rates for the disease have remained unchanged. Therefore, there is an urgent need to employ new comprehensive analyses and technologies to develop significantly more informative classification systems, with the aim of developing more effective and less toxic therapies for OS patients. This review discusses the existing knowledge of OS therapy and potential methods to develop novel therapeutic agents for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Rothzerg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Abigail L Pfaff
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sulev Koks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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Lakiotaki E, Kanakoglou DS, Pampalou A, Karatrasoglou EA, Piperi C, Korkolopoulou P. Dissecting the Role of Circular RNAs in Sarcomas with Emphasis on Osteosarcomas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1642. [PMID: 34829872 PMCID: PMC8615931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs generated from exons back-splicing from a single pre-mRNA, forming covalently closed loop structures which lack 5'-3'-polarity or polyadenylated tail. Ongoing research depicts that circRNAs play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, metastatic potential and chemoresistance by regulating transcription, microRNA (miRNA) sponging, RNA-binding protein interactions, alternative splicing and to a lesser degree, protein coding. Sarcomas are rare malignant tumors stemming from mesenchymal cells. Due to their clinically insidious onset, they often present at advanced stage and their treatment may require aggressive chemotherapeutic or surgical options. This review is mainly focused on the regulatory functions of circRNAs on osteosarcoma progression and their potential role as biomarkers, an area which has prompted lately extensive research. The attributed oncogenic role of circRNAs on other mesenchymal tumors such as Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) or Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) is also described. The involvement of circRNAs on sarcoma oncogenesis and relevant emerging diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications are expected to gain more research interest in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Lakiotaki
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Dimitrios S. Kanakoglou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Andromachi Pampalou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Eleni A. Karatrasoglou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
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