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Tu Y, Wang K, Tan L, Han B, Hu Y, Ding H, He C. Dolichosin A, a coumestan isolated from Glycine tabacina, inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation in SW982 human synovial cells and suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis: From network pharmacology to experimental pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112855. [PMID: 32376366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth has been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and joint infection. It is also one of the sources of the renowned native herbal medicine 'I-Tiao-Gung' in Taiwan. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate anti-arthritic effects and underlying mechanisms of dolichosin A (DoA), a coumestan compound isolated from G. tabacina, by the integration of network pharmacology and experimental pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Putative therapeutic targets and potential pharmacological mechanisms of DoA for RA treatment were predicted by network pharmacology approach. The regulated network of DoA acting on RA was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.1. Anti-arthritic effects of DoA and predicted mechanisms were further validated using IL-1β-induced SW982 human synovial cell model and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis model. RESULTS A regulatory network of DoA-targets-pathways-RA was successfully constructed using network pharmacology approach. In this network, 65 candidate targets of DoA related to its therapeutic effect on RA were identified and the functional enrichment analysis revealed that these candidate targets were significantly involved in 12 central signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT pathway, MAPK pathway and osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, we found that DoA could significantly inhibit IL-1β-induced inflammation in SW982 human synovial cells, as evidenced by the decreased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2) and MMP-3. DoA also suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro, as evidenced by decreased number of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts and reduced TRAP activity. Further experimental mechanism evidence confirmed the predicted results of network pharmacology that the blockade of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways activation was closely associated with these regulated processes of DoA. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that DoA exhibited strong anti-arthritic activity through suppressing PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways activation in activated synovial cells and osteoclasts, suggesting its potential as a hopeful candidate for the development of novel agents for the prevention and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Lihua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Hang Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, SAR, 999078, China.
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Khan MA, Ahmed RS, Chandra N, Arora VK, Ali A. In vivo, Extract from Withania somnifera Root Ameliorates Arthritis via Regulation of Key Immune Mediators of Inflammation in Experimental Model of Arthritis. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:55-70. [PMID: 30444203 PMCID: PMC6446523 DOI: 10.2174/1871523017666181116092934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a devastating disease characterized by continual addition of leukocytes and T cells within the articular cavity causing inflammation and cartilage destruction. Withania somnifera is one of the most precious medicinal herbs, reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera roots (WSAq) in Collagen Induced Arthritic (CIA) rats. METHODS To achieve this, we assessed the level of inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in CIA rats. Further, transcription factor, oxidative stress parameters and CD+8 expressions were also analyzed in CIA rats. RESULTS Arthritic rats showed a greater increase in the levels of pro inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, transcription factor NF-κB and a decrease in IL-10 concentration than controls rats. Oral administration of WSAq at a dose of 300mg/kg.wt. (WSAq300) appreciably attenuated the production of these pro inflammatory cytokines. This anti-inflammatory activity of WSAq300 might be partly mediated through an increase in the secretion of IL-10 and inhibition of NF-κB activity. Further, arthritic rats also show increased oxidative stress as compared to control rats. This increased oxidative stress in the arthritic rats appears to be the outcome of both an activated pro-oxidant and a poor antioxidant defense system. Treatment with WSAq300 strongly ameliorates all these ROS parameters significantly to near normal. Additional, metalloproteinase MMP-8 levels were also measured and found to be increased in CIA rats, which after treatment with WSAq300 came down to near normal. CONCLUSION From the above results, it can be concluded that the use of WSAq300 may be a valuable supplement which can improve human arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India; E-mail:
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Polyphenolic extract from extra virgin olive oil inhibits the inflammatory response in IL-1β-activated synovial fibroblasts. Br J Nutr 2018; 121:55-62. [PMID: 30360768 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The polyphenolic extract (PE) from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been shown to possess important anti-inflammatory and joint protective properties in murine models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of PE on IL-1β-activated human synovial fibroblasts SW982 cell line. PE from EVOO treatment inhibited IL-1β-induced matrix metalloproteases (P<0·001), TNF-α and IL-6 production (P<0·001). Similarly, IL-1β-induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 and microsomal PGE synthase-1 up-regulations were down-regulated by PE (P<0·001). Moreover, IL-1β-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and NF-κB activation were ameliorated by PE (P<0·001). These results suggest that PE from EVOO reduces the production of proinflammatory mediators in human synovial fibroblasts; particularly, these protective effects could be related to the inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways. Taken together, PE from EVOO probably could provide an attractive complement in management of diseases associated with over-activation of synovial fibroblasts, such as RA.
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Dietary Phytochemicals: Natural Swords Combating Inflammation and Oxidation-Mediated Degenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5137431. [PMID: 27721914 PMCID: PMC5046019 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5137431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cumulatively, degenerative disease is one of the most fatal groups of diseases, and it contributes to the mortality and poor quality of life in the world while increasing the economic burden of the sufferers. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the major pathogenic causes of degenerative diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although a number of synthetic medications are used to treat these diseases, none of the current regimens are completely safe. Phytochemicals (polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, and terpenes) from natural products such as dietary fruits, vegetables, and spices are potential sources of alternative medications to attenuate the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with degenerative diseases. Based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials, some of these active compounds have shown good promise for development into novel agents for treating RA, DM, and CVD by targeting oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, phytochemicals from natural products with the potential of ameliorating degenerative disease involving the bone, metabolism, and the heart are described.
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Xu W, Huang M, Zhang Y, Li H, Zheng H, Yu L, Chu K, Lin Y, Chen L. Extracts of Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. attenuate the inflammatory response in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4167-74. [PMID: 27035125 PMCID: PMC4838166 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a serious public health problem, which is commonly treated with traditional Chinese or herbal medicine. The present study evaluated the effects of Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. extraction (BCBE) on a type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Wistar rats with CIA received either 125 or 500 mg/kg BCBE, after which, paw swelling was markedly suppressed compared with in the model group. In addition, BCBE significantly ameliorated pathological joint alterations, including synovial hyperplasia, and cartilage and bone destruction. The protein and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB in synovial tissue were determined by immunohistochemical staining, western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of these factors were significantly downregulated in the BCBE-treated group compared with in the model group. These results indicated that BCBE may exert an inhibitory effect on the CIA rat model, and its therapeutic potential is associated with its anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Mingqing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Huang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Haiyin Zheng
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lishuang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Kedan Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Rosillo MA, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C, Sánchez-Hidalgo M. An update on dietary phenolic compounds in the prevention and management of rheumatoid arthritis. Food Funct 2016; 7:2943-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Certain nutritional components influence the cellular metabolism and interfere in the pathological inflammatory process, so that they may act as a coadjuvant in the treatment of many chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Rosillo MA, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, González-Benjumea A, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Lubberts E, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Preventive effects of dietary hydroxytyrosol acetate, an extra virgin olive oil polyphenol in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2537-46. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center; Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Prasad LK, O’Mary H, Cui Z. Nanomedicine delivers promising treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2063-74. [PMID: 26084368 PMCID: PMC4552357 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased understanding in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, reveals that the diseased tissue and the increased presence of macrophages and other overexpressed molecules within the tissue can be exploited to enhance the delivery of nanomedicine. Nanomedicine can passively accumulate into chronic inflammatory tissues via the enhanced permeability and retention phenomenon, or be surface conjugated with a ligand to actively bind to receptors overexpressed by cells within chronic inflammatory tissues, leading to increased efficacy and reduced systemic side-effects. This review highlights the research conducted over the past decade on using nanomedicine for potential treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and summarizes some of the major findings and promising opportunities on using nanomedicine to treat this prevalent and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Kumari Prasad
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hannah O’Mary
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Dietary extra-virgin olive oil prevents inflammatory response and cartilage matrix degradation in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:315-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Biddlestone J, Bandarra D, Rocha S. The role of hypoxia in inflammatory disease (review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:859-69. [PMID: 25625467 PMCID: PMC4356629 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals have developed evolutionarily conserved programs of transcriptional response to hypoxia and inflammation. These stimuli commonly occur together in vivo and there is significant crosstalk between the transcription factors that are classically understood to respond to either hypoxia or inflammation. This crosstalk can be used to modulate the overall response to environmental stress. Several common disease processes are characterised by aberrant transcriptional programs in response to environmental stress. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of the hypoxia-responsive (hypoxia-inducible factor) and inflammatory (nuclear factor-κB) transcription factor families and their crosstalk in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, with relevance for future therapies for the management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Biddlestone
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel Bandarra
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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Hsu CL, Fang SC, Huang HW, Yen GC. Anti-inflammatory effects of triterpenes and steroid compounds isolated from the stem bark of Hiptage benghalensis. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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12
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Anti-inflammatory and joint protective effects of extra-virgin olive-oil polyphenol extract in experimental arthritis. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1275-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Luczkiewicz P, Kokotkiewicz A, Dampc A, Luczkiewicz M. Mangiferin: A promising therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:570-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mirandola L, Nguyen DD, Rahman RL, Grizzi F, Yuefei Y, Figueroa JA, Jenkins MR, Cobos E, Chiriva-Internati M. Anti-galectin-3 therapy: a new chance for multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer? Int Rev Immunol 2014; 33:417-27. [PMID: 24801755 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2014.911855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we review the role of Galectins in the molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer, with a special focus on Glectin-3. Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy worldwide. Because the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma is still incompletely understood, there is no ultimately effective cure, and this cancer results fatal. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide. Due to the lack of screening techniques for early detection, patients are mostly diagnosed with advanced disease, which results ultimately fatal. Multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer have different biologies, but they share a strong dependence on adhesion with extracellular matrix and other cells. Galectin-3 plays a key role in regulating such adhesive abilities of tumor cells. Here we discuss the outcomes and possible mechanism of action of a truncated, dominant negative form of Galectin-3, Galectin-3C, in these malignancies. Overall, we report that Galectin-3C is a promising new compound for effective adjuvant therapies in advanced, refractory multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mirandola
- 1Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Saravanan S, Islam VIH, Babu NP, Pandikumar P, Thirugnanasambantham K, Chellappandian M, Raj CSD, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Swertiamarin attenuates inflammation mediators via modulating NF-κB/I κB and JAK2/STAT3 transcription factors in adjuvant induced arthritis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 56:70-86. [PMID: 24582615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease that leads to pannus formation followed by severe joint destruction, characterized by synovial hyperplasia, inflammation and angiogenesis. Swertiamarin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is used as an anti-inflammatory compound, mainly found in Enicostema axillare (Lam) A. Raynal, a medicinal plant used in Indian system of traditional medicine. In the present study, the effect of swertiamarin was evlauated in experimental adjuvant arthritis animal model by the estimation of biochemical (paw thickness, lysosomal enzymes, and urinary degradative products) parameters, proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes along with histopathological and radiographic observations. The proteins of phosphorylated NF-κB/IκB and JAK2/STAT3 transcription factors were also quantified from experimental animals as well as LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In in silico analysis, swertiamarin was docked with proinflammatory enzymes to confirm its potential. The administration of swertiamarin (2, 5, 10mg/kg bw) significantly (P⩽0.05) inhibited the levels of paw thickness, lysosomal enzymes and increased the body weight of experimental animals in a dose dependent manner. In molecular analysis, the treatment decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL1, TNF, IL-6) and proangiogenic enzymes (MMPs, iNOS, PGE2, PPARγ and COX-2); and also significantly (P⩽0.05) increased the levels of antiinflammatory proteins (IL-10, IL-4) when compared to the disease groups. The swertiamarin treatment significantly (P⩽0.05) inhibited the release of NF-κB p65, p-IκBα, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 signaling proteins levels on both experimental animals and LPS induced cells. Histopathological and radiological analysis evidenced the curative effect of swertiamarin on bone destruction. The docking studies of swertiamarin on proinflammatory enzymes supported the results from the in vivo experiments. Thus the swertiamarin inhibited the development of arthritis by modulating NF-κB/IκB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling. These findings suggested that swertiamarin acted as an anti-rheumatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saravanan
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V I Hairul Islam
- Division of Microbiology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India; Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences, Pondicherry 605 005, Pondicherry, India
| | - N Prakash Babu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Pandikumar
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - M Chellappandian
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Simon Durai Raj
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Gabriel Paulraj
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Ignacimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India; Division of Microbiology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia.
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Lisboa RA, Andrade MV, Cunha-Melo JR. Toll-like receptor activation and mechanical force stimulation promote the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 3 and 10 of human periodontal fibroblasts via p38, JNK and NF-kB. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:731-9. [PMID: 23332208 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to play a key role during orthodontic treatment leading to periodontal remodelling and tooth movement. MMPs may be induced by mechanical forces. However, the role played by toll-like receptors (TLRs) in modulating the effects of the mechanical force on periodontal fibroblasts is not known. To investigate the interaction between mechanical force and TLR stimulation, primary cultures of human periodontal fibroblasts were submitted to centrifugation in the presence of LPS and Pam3Cys, which are known TLR-4 and TLR-2 ligands, respectively. The expression of MMP-1, -2, -3, -8, -9, -10 and -13; TIMP (Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases) -1, -2 and -4; TNF-α (Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha); IL-1β (Interleukin 1 beta); ERK 1/2 (Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2); p38; JNK (c-jun N-terminal Kinase); IRAK1 (Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase); and NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa B) were measured by antibody array, ELISA and immunoblotting methods. The activation of TLRs associated with centrifugation induced an increase in the secretion of MMPs 1, 3 and 10, with no increase in TNF-α or IL-1β. An increase in the phosphorylation of the MAP kinases p38 and JNK and the transcription factor NF-κB, without an increase in TIMPs was also observed. These findings suggest that the secretion of MMPs by cultured periodontal fibroblasts that is induced by combined TLR activation and mechanical force stimulation is regulated via the p38, JNK and NF-κB pathways. The increased secretion of MMPs by TLR activation may be an important factor that should be considered during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Assis Lisboa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Hardy RS, Hülso C, Liu Y, Gasparini SJ, Fong-Yee C, Tu J, Stoner S, Stewart PM, Raza K, Cooper MS, Seibel MJ, Zhou H. Characterisation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from a murine model of joint inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R24. [PMID: 23363614 PMCID: PMC3672796 DOI: 10.1186/ar4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a central role in defining the stromal environment in inflammatory joint diseases. Despite a growing use of FLS isolated from murine inflammatory models, a detailed characterisation of these cells has not been performed. Methods In this study, FLS were isolated from inflamed joints of mice expressing both the T cell receptor transgene KRN and the MHC class II molecule Ag7 (K/BxN mice) and their purity in culture determined by immunofluorescence and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Basal expression of proinflammatory genes was determined by real-time RT-PCR. Secreted interleukin 6 (IL-6) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and its regulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α and corticosterone (the major glucocorticoid in rodents) measured relative to other mesenchymal cell populations. Results Purity of FLS culture was identified by positive expression of fibronectin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, cluster of differentiation 90.2 (CD90.2) and 248 (CD248) in greater than 98% of the population. Cultured FLS were able to migrate and invade through matrigel, a process enhanced in the presence of TNF-α. FLS isolated from K/BxN mice possessed significantly greater basal expression of the inflammatory markers IL-6, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) when compared to FLS isolated from non-inflamed tissue (IL-6, 3.6 fold; CCL-2, 11.2 fold; VCAM-1, 9 fold; P < 0.05). This elevated expression was abrogated in the presence of corticosterone at 100 nmol/l. TNF-α significantly increased expression of all inflammatory markers to a much greater degree in K/BxN FLS relative to other mesenchymal cell lines (K/BxN; IL-6, 40.8 fold; CCL-2, 1343.2 fold; VCAM-1, 17.8 fold; ICAM-1, 13.8 fold; P < 0.05), with secreted IL-6 mirroring these results (K/BxN; con, 169 ± 29.7 versus TNF-α, 923 ± 378.8 pg/ml/1 × 105 cells; P < 0.05). Dose response experiments confirmed effective concentrations between 10 and 100 nmol/l for corticosterone and 1 and 10 ng/ml for TNF-α, whilst inflammatory gene expression in FLS was shown to be stable between passages four and seven. Conclusions This study has established a well characterised set of key inflammatory genes for in vitro FLS culture, isolated from K/BxN mice and non-inflamed wild-type controls. Their response to both pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling has been assessed and shown to strongly resemble that which is seen in human FLS culture. Additionally, this study provides guidelines for the effective characterisation, duration and treatment of murine FLS culture.
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Dent JE, Nardini C. From desk to bed: computational simulations provide indication for rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7:10. [PMID: 23339423 PMCID: PMC3653749 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the most common human systemic autoimmune diseases, affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide. To date, there is no cure for the disease and current treatments show undesirable side effects. As the disease affects a growing number of individuals, and during their working age, the gathering of all information able to improve therapies -by understanding their and the disease mechanisms of action- represents an important area of research, benefiting not only patients but also societies. In this direction, network analysis methods have been used in previous work to further our understanding of this complex disease, leading to the identification of CRKL as a potential drug target for treatment of RA. Here, we use computational methods to expand on this work, testing the hypothesis in silico. Results Analysis of the CRKL network -available at http://www.picb.ac.cn/ClinicalGenomicNTW/software.html- allows for investigation of the potential effect of perturbing genes of interest. Within the group of genes that are significantly affected by simulated perturbation of CRKL, we are lead to further investigate the importance of PXN. Our results allow us to (1) refine the hypothesis on CRKL as a novel drug target (2) indicate potential causes of side effects in on-going trials and (3) importantly, provide recommendations with impact on on-going clinical studies. Conclusions Based on a virtual network that collects and connects a large number of the molecules known to be involved in a disease, one can simulate the effects of controlling molecules, allowing for the observation of how this affects the rest of the network. This is important to mimic the effect of a drug, but also to be aware of -and possibly control- its side effects. Using this approach in RA research we have been able to contribute to the field by suggesting molecules to be targeted in new therapies and more importantly, to warrant efficacy, to hypothesise novel recommendations on existing drugs currently under test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Dent
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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Yoon CH, Kwon YJ, Lee SW, Park YB, Lee SK, Park MC. Activation of Liver X Receptors Suppresses Inflammatory Gene Expressions and Transcriptional Corepressor Clearance in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast Like Synoviocytes. J Clin Immunol 2012; 33:190-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yamaguchi T, Kakefuda R, Tanimoto A, Watanabe Y, Tajima N. Suppressive effect of an orally active MEK1/2 inhibitor in two different animal models for rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with leflunomide. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:445-54. [PMID: 22245957 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To examine the effects of a mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1/2-inhibitor, JTP-74057, on inflammatory arthritis development, and compare its anti-arthritic effect with leflunomide. MATERIALS Human, mouse, and rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used. Lewis rats and DBA/1J mice were used for animal models. TREATMENT JTP-74057 was tested between 0.1-100 nM in in-vitro studies. JTP-74057 (0.01-0.3 mg/kg) and leflunomide (2-10 mg/kg) were administered orally in vivo. METHODS PBMCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in Lewis rats or DBA1/J mice, respectively. RESULTS JTP-74057 blocked tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production from PBMCs. AIA and CIA development were suppressed almost completely by 0.1 mg/kg of JTP-74057 or 10 mg/kg of leflunomide. In the CIA, JTP-74057, but not leflunomide, suppressed collagen-reactive T-cell proliferation ex vivo, whereas leflunomide, but not JTP-74057, suppressed anti-collagen antibody production. CONCLUSIONS JTP-74057 exerts potent anti-arthritic effects with a different profile from leflunomide, suggesting that JTP-74057 may be useful as a new therapeutic reagent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamaguchi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
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Kim HS, Kim AR, Lee JM, Kim SN, Choi JH, Kim DK, Kim JH, Kim B, Her E, Yang YM, Kim HS, Kim YM, Choi WS. A mixture of Trachelospermi caulis and Moutan cortex radicis extracts suppresses collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting NF-κB and AP-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 64:420-9. [PMID: 22309274 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the anti-arthritis effect and its mechanism of a combination of herbal extracts from Trachelospermi caulis (TC) and Moutan cortex radicis (MC) (TCMC). METHODS The anti-arthritis activity of TCMC was assessed using a mouse model of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and other biological assays were performed. KEY FINDINGS TCMC significantly ameliorated various inflammatory parameters, such as clinical arthritis index, histological deformation of joints, serum levels of rheumatoid arthritis biomarkers (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, serum amyloid P and anti-collagen type II IgG antibody), and Th1-related responses (T cell proliferation, and production of Interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 in splenocytes isolated from CIA mice). The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted) was suppressed by TCMC in CIA mice. In addition, the number of osteoclasts in the hind tibia was significantly decreased. With regard to the mechanism, TCMC suppressed the activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1. CONCLUSIONS TCMC exerts an anti-arthritis effect in CIA mice by suppression of the production of various inflammatory factors and the formation of osteoclasts through the inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Soon Kim
- College of Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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Karray EF, Ben Dhifallah I, Ben Abdelghani K, Ben Ghorbel I, Khanfir M, Houman H, Hamzaoui K, Zakraoui L. Associations of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms FokI and BsmI with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and Behçet's disease in Tunisians. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 79:144-8. [PMID: 21820934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reports of immunomodulating effects of vitamin D suggest a need for examining allele and genotype frequencies of the vitamin D nuclear receptor gene (VDR) in patients with autoimmune diseases. T-helper-1 (Th1) counts in peripheral blood are increased in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Behçet's disease (BD). We studied VDR polymorphisms in patients with these two diseases in Tunisia. METHODS In 108 patients with RA, 131 patients with BD, and 152 controls, we studied FokI and BsmI VDR polymorphisms, using the restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. RESULTS The FokI polymorphism alleles and genotype were significantly more common in the RA group than in the controls (P=0.001 and P=0.005, respectively). The FokI F allele and F/F genotype were significantly associated with BD (P=0.0003 and P=0.002, respectively). Furthermore, in the group with BD, the FokI polymorphism was significantly associated with the presence of vascular manifestations (P=0.006). In patients with RA, the FokI polymorphism was significantly associated with female gender (P=0.003). No significant associations were found between the Bsm1 polymorphism and RA or BD. CONCLUSION The VDR F allele is associated with RA and BD in Tunisians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Fakhfakh Karray
- School of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Kim HS, Kim AR, Park HJ, Park DK, Kim DK, Ko NY, Kim B, Choi DK, Won HS, Shin WS, Kim YM, Choi WS. Morus bombycis Koidzumi extract suppresses collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 136:392-398. [PMID: 21251971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Morus bombycis Koidzumi is widely distributed in Asia. In Korea, it has been used in traditional medicine because of its apparent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. AIM OF THE STUDY Although the extract of Morus bombycis Koidzumi (MB) has long since been used as a traditional anti-inflammatory medicine in Korea, its effect on arthritis remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the anti-arthritis activity of MB and the mechanism underlying it. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-arthritis activity of MB was assessed by using mouse models of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The clinical arthritis index and histopathological changes were evaluated in mice. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and other biologic approaches were used for measuring the effect of MB on arthritis and understanding the underlying mechanism. RESULTS MB significantly decreased the clinical arthritis index in CIA mice; this was confirmed by examining histological changes in joints. Infiltration of immune cells, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion in the hind paw were largely suppressed by MB. The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/MMP-3, inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6), and chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, RANTES) were significantly suppressed by MB in a dose-dependent manner. The number of osteoclasts in the hind tibia was also significantly decreased. With regard to the mechanism, MB suppressed the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 in CIA mice. CONCLUSIONS MB produced an anti-arthritis effect in CIA mice by inhibiting the production of critical inflammatory mediators and osteoclasts through the downregulation of NF-κB and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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Choe JY, Lee SJ, Park SH, Kim SK. Tacrolimus (FK506) inhibits interleukin-1β-induced angiopoietin-1, Tie-2 receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor through down-regulation of JNK and p38 pathway in human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 79:137-43. [PMID: 21550286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT This study aimed to identify the regulatory effect of tacrolimus on the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced expressions of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), Tie-2 receptor (Tie-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and to determine the regulatory mechanism in the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway. METHODS IL-1β-induced Ang-1, Tie-2, and VEGF expressions with and without tacrolimus were measured in cultured FLS using real time-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of tacrolimus on the regulation of Ang-1, Tie-2 and VEGF expressions through the MAPK signaling pathway was identified by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS IL-1β appeared to induce marked expressions of Ang-1, Tie-2, and VEGF in cultured FLS. Tacrolimus significantly inhibited Ang-1, Tie-2, and VEGF mRNA and protein in cultured FLS treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β. In addition, expressions of these angiogenic molecules were shown to involve all three of the studied MAPK signaling pathways, including ERK, JNK, and p38. However, the inhibitory effects of tacrolimus on Ang-1, Tie-2, and VEGF proteins were regulated by blocking the phosphorylations of JNK and p38 MAPK, but not that of ERK. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that tacrolimus inhibits the expressions of Ang-1, Tie-2, and VEGF by blocking the activations of the IL-1β-mediated JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in human FLS. This suggests that tacrolimus contributes to the suppression of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yoon Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 3056-6 Daemyung 4-Dong, Namgu, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors: New treatment options for inflammatory joint disease? Joint Bone Spine 2010; 77:395-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Toussirot É, Khan KA, Herbein G. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: a new and promising drug class for the treatment of arthritis? Clin Epigenetics 2010; 1:3-6. [PMID: 22704084 PMCID: PMC3365362 DOI: 10.1007/s13148-010-0002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Éric Toussirot
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, 25000 Besançon, France
- UPRES EA 4266 Pathogens and Inflammation, University of Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- CIC-Biotherapy 506, University Hospital St Jacques, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Kashif Aziz Khan
- Department of Virology, University Hospital St Jacques, 25000 Besançon, France
- UPRES EA 4266 Pathogens and Inflammation, University of Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department of Virology, University Hospital St Jacques, 25000 Besançon, France
- UPRES EA 4266 Pathogens and Inflammation, University of Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
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Wu G, Zhu L, Dent JE, Nardini C. A comprehensive molecular interaction map for rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10137. [PMID: 20419126 PMCID: PMC2855702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Computational biology contributes to a variety of areas related to life sciences and, due to the growing impact of translational medicine - the scientific approach to medicine in tight relation with basic science -, it is becoming an important player in clinical-related areas. In this study, we use computation methods in order to improve our understanding of the complex interactions that occur between molecules related to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Methodology Due to the complexity of the disease and the numerous molecular players involved, we devised a method to construct a systemic network of interactions of the processes ongoing in patients affected by RA. The network is based on high-throughput data, refined semi-automatically with carefully curated literature-based information. This global network has then been topologically analysed, as a whole and tissue-specifically, in order to translate the experimental molecular connections into topological motifs meaningful in the identification of tissue-specific markers and targets in the diagnosis, and possibly in the therapy, of RA. Significance We find that some nodes in the network that prove to be topologically important, in particular AKT2, IL6, MAPK1 and TP53, are also known to be associated with drugs used for the treatment of RA. Importantly, based on topological consideration, we are also able to suggest CRKL as a novel potentially relevant molecule for the diagnosis or treatment of RA. This type of finding proves the potential of in silico analyses able to produce highly refined hypotheses, based on vast experimental data, to be tested further and more efficiently. As research on RA is ongoing, the present map is in fieri, despite being -at the moment- a reflection of the state of the art. For this reason we make the network freely available in the standardised and easily exportable .xml CellDesigner format at ‘www.picb.ac.cn/ClinicalGenomicNTW/temp.html’ and ‘www.celldesigner.org’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Zhu
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jennifer E. Dent
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Christine Nardini
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Wendling D, Prati C, Toussirot É, Herbein G. Targeting intracellular signaling pathways to treat rheumatoid arthritis: Pandora's box? Joint Bone Spine 2010; 77:96-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tamhane M, Chakilam AR, Jayaraj A, Thakkar V, Taft DR. Comparative renal excretion of VX-702, a novel p38 MAPK inhibitor, and methotrexate in the perfused rat kidney model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:315-22. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903154200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yang M, Xiao C, Wu Q, Niu M, Yao Q, Li K, Chen Y, Shi C, Chen D, Feng G, Xia C. Anti-inflammatory effect of Sanshuibaihu decoction may be associated with nuclear factor-kappa B and p38 MAPK alpha in collagen-induced arthritis in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:264-273. [PMID: 19914365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sanshuibaihu decoction (SSBH) is an anti-arthritic Chinese herbal formula which has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for many years. We herein aimed to confirm its anti-arthritic effect and explore the potential mechanism of action on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. CIA was induced by immunizing 50 female Wistar rats with bovine type II collagen. 13 days following the immunization rats with CIA were treated with SSBH (50mg/kg), leflunomide (LEF) (10mg/kg) and physiological saline for 30 days, and rats without CIA were left untreated. After the treatment, paw edema was obviously improved in SSBH-treated rats, with the significant difference of arthritis score (F=6.032, P=0.006) observed between the three treated groups. In pathological observation, SSBH-treated rats showed a significant improvement of inflammatory infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage and bone destruction and joint fusion. After the treatment of SSBH, radiological score of knee (t=11.504, P=0.000) and ankle joints (t=9.250, P=0.000) was decreased significantly. In situ hybridization on joint tissue section indicated only slight synovial hyperblastosis and expression of NF-kappaB in SSBH-treated rats. Image analysis indicated a significant difference of means of integrated optical density (MIOD) (F=3.956, P=0.040) and means of stained area (MSA) (F=3.867, P=0.032) of NF-kappaB between the three treated groups. MIOD and MSA of SSBH-treated group were significantly lower vs control. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed a significant difference (F=10.167, P=0.000) of the amount of p-p38 MAPKalpha in the three treated groups. The detected amount of p-p38 MAPKalpha in SSBH-treated group was significantly lower vs control. These results show SSBH has an inhibiting effect on CIA, which may be associated with NF-kappaB and p38 MAPKalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
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Noh EM, Kim JS, Hur H, Park BH, Song EK, Han MK, Kwon KB, Yoo WH, Shim IK, Lee SJ, Youn HJ, Lee YR. Cordycepin inhibits IL-1beta-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 48:45-8. [PMID: 19056796 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MMP is a key enzyme in the degradation of extracellular matrices, and its expression plays important roles in inflammatory diseases. Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine), a bioactive compound of Cordyceps militaris, has been shown to exhibit many pharmacological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-infection activities. In this study, we aimed at the inhibitory effect of cordycepin on IL-1beta-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression as well as the molecular basis using RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). METHODS RASFs were isolated from synovial tissue obtained from 12 patients with RA and cultured in monolayer. Expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 was evaluated using western blotting and real-time PCR. Chemokines were analysed by ELISA. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase was measured by western blotting. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to evaluate binding activities of DNA to nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). RESULTS Cordycepin inhibited IL-1beta-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expressions in RASFs in a dose-dependent manner. Among various chemokines [such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), GRO-alpha, regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES) and epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 (ENA-78)], cordycepin specifically blocked IL-1beta-induced ENA-78 production in RASF. Moreover, cordycepin significantly inhibited IL-1beta-induced p38/JNK and AP-1 activation, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kappaB activation. CONCLUSIONS Cordycepin is a potent inhibitor of IL-1beta-induced chemokine production and MMP expression and strongly blocks the p38/JNK/AP-1 signalling pathway in RASFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-M Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
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Borders AS, de Almeida L, Van Eldik LJ, Watterson DM. The p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase as a central nervous system drug discovery target. BMC Neurosci 2008; 9 Suppl 2:S12. [PMID: 19090985 PMCID: PMC2604896 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-9-s2-s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are critical modulators of a variety of cellular signal transduction pathways, and abnormal phosphorylation events can be a cause or contributor to disease progression in a variety of disorders. This has led to the emergence of protein kinases as an important new class of drug targets for small molecule therapeutics. A serine/threonine protein kinase, p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), is an established therapeutic target for peripheral inflammatory disorders because of its critical role in regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production. There is increasing evidence that p38α MAPK is also an important regulator of proinflammatory cytokine levels in the central nervous system, raising the possibility that the kinase may be a drug discovery target for central nervous system disorders where cytokine overproduction contributes to disease progression. Development of bioavailable, central nervous system-penetrant p38α MAPK inhibitors provides the required foundation for drug discovery campaigns targeting p38α MAPK in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Borders
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Zhou H, Wong YF, Wang J, Cai X, Liu L. Sinomenine ameliorates arthritis via MMPs, TIMPs, and cytokines in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376:352-7. [PMID: 18782565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease that results in progressive joint destruction and substantial morbidity. The stem of the Chinese medicinal plant, Sinomenium acutum Rehder & Wilson (Family Menispermaceae), has been used to treat various rheumatic and arthritic diseases, of which the major bioactive component is sinomenine. We investigated the nature and molecular mechanisms of the anti-arthritic effect of sinomenine on collagen-induced arthritis in female Wistar rats. The results showed that sinomenine markedly suppressed the incidence and disease progression of established CIA, showing as dramatic reduction of paw swelling, ESR, and arthritic scores. Sinomenine suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 in serum, inhibited the protein expressions and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and elevated the protein expressions and activities of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 in rat paw tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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Mendis E, Kim MM, Rajapakse N, Kim SK. Suppression of cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages by novel cationic glucosamine derivative involves down-regulation of NF-κB and MAPK expressions. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8390-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shahrara S, Castro-Rueda HP, Haines GK, Koch AE. Differential expression of the FAK family kinases in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synovial tissues. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R112. [PMID: 17963503 PMCID: PMC2212559 DOI: 10.1186/ar2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family kinases, including FAK and proline-rich kinase 2 (Pyk)2, are the predominant mediators of integrin alphavbeta3 signaling events that play an important role in cell adhesion, osteoclast pathology, and angiogenesis, all processes important in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using immunohistochemical and western blot analysis, we studied the distribution of phospho (p)FAK, pPyk2, pSrc, pPaxillin and pPLCgamma in the synovial tissue (ST) from patients with RA, osteoarthritis (OA) and normal donors (NDs) as well as in RA ST fibroblasts and peripheral blood differentiated macrophages (PB MPhis) treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL1beta). RA and OA STs showed a greater percentage of pFAK on lining cells and MPhis compared with ND ST. RA ST fibroblasts expressed pFAK at baseline, which increased with TNFalpha or IL1beta stimulation. Pyk2 and Src were phosphorylated more on RA versus OA and ND lining cells and MPhis. pPyk2 was expressed on RA ST fibrobasts but not in MPhis at baseline, however it was upregulated upon TNFalpha or IL1beta activation in both cell types. pSrc was expressed in RA ST fibroblasts and MPhis at baseline and was further increased by TNFalpha or IL1beta stimulation. pPaxillin and pPLCgamma were upregulated in RA versus OA and ND lining cells and sublining MPhis. Activation of the FAK family signaling cascade on RA and OA lining cells may be responsible for cell adhesion and migration into the diseased STs. Therapies targeting this novel signaling pathway may be beneficial in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shahrara
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Kirkwood KL, Cirelli JA, Rogers JE, Giannobile WV. Novel host response therapeutic approaches to treat periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2007; 43:294-315. [PMID: 17214846 PMCID: PMC2570321 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Otkjaer K, Kragballe K, Johansen C, Funding AT, Just H, Jensen UB, Sørensen LG, Nørby PL, Clausen JT, Iversen L. IL-20 gene expression is induced by IL-1beta through mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-kappaB-dependent mechanisms. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:1326-36. [PMID: 17255956 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IL-20 is a novel member of the IL-10 cytokine family with pleiotropic effects. Current knowledge of what triggers and regulates IL-20 gene expression is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of IL-20 expression in cultured normal human keratinocytes. The expression of IL-20 was rapidly induced by proinflammatory stimuli, in particular IL-1beta, IL-6, and UVB irradiation. Using kinase inhibitors and small-interfering RNA, we discovered that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as well as inhibitory kappaB kinase-NF-kappaB signaling pathways are crucial for IL-20 expression. By electrophoretic mobility shift assay two kappaB-binding sites were identified upstream from the start codon in the IL-20 gene. Supershift analysis revealed binding of the p50/p65 heterodimer. Furthermore, the p38 MAPK was shown to exert its effects on IL-20 expression through activation of the downstream kinase mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1), indicating transactivation of NF-kappaB driven IL-20 messenger RNA transcription as an important mechanism of action. IL-20 is assumed to be a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and possibly cancer, and therefore the p38 MAPK, MSK1, and NF-kappaB may be important new molecular targets for the modulation of IL-20 expression in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Otkjaer
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
Inflammatory osteolysis is a relatively frequent and incapacitating complication of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, and is induced by accelerated osteoclast recruitment and activation in bone under the aegis of cytokines produced in the inflammatory environment. The success of antitumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 therapy in correcting this condition highlights the central role of these cytokines in this process. Recent years have witnessed a revolution in understanding the molecular mechanism and pathogenesis of this family of diseases. It is now clear that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase plays an essential role in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and cytokine-induced osteoclastogenesis, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for prevention of pathologic bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Inoue T, Hammaker D, Boyle DL, Firestein GS. Regulation of JNK by MKK-7 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:2127-35. [PMID: 16802349 DOI: 10.1002/art.21919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE JNK regulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene expression and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies demonstrated that the 2 upstream MAPK kinases (MKK-4 and MKK-7) are phosphorylated in RA synovium and form a complex with JNK in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). However, the functional hierarchy of MKK-4 and MKK-7 in FLS has not been determined. We determined the relative contributions of these MKKs by evaluating the effect of MKK-4 and MKK-7 gene knockdown in cultured FLS. METHODS FLS were transfected with MKK-4 and/or MKK-7 small interfering RNA, and protein levels were determined by immunoblotting. After stimulation with interleukin-1/beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFalpha, or anisomycin, kinase function was determined by in vitro kinase assay. Activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding and transcriptional activity were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and AP-1-luciferase promoter assay, respectively. MMP-3 expression was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS IL-1beta-induced JNK phosphorylation was dependent on MKK-7 but not on MKK-4; however, anisomycin-activated JNK required both kinases. In vitro kinase assay demonstrated that IL-1beta-or TNFalpha induced JNK activity was only MKK-7 dependent, while anisomycin-activated JNK was both MKK-4 and MKK-7 dependent. IL-1beta-induced AP-1 binding activity and AP-1-driven gene expression were strictly MKK-7 dependent. Finally, MMP-3 production only required MKK-7, and there was no effect of MKK-4 deficiency. CONCLUSION These data indicate that only MKK-7 is required for JNK activation in FLS after cytokine stimulation; however, other forms of cellular stress utilize MKK-4. Thus, JNK function might be modulated by targeting MKK-7 to suppress cytokine-mediated FLS activation while leaving other stress responses intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Inoue
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656, USA
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Karouzakis E, Neidhart M, Gay RE, Gay S. Molecular and cellular basis of rheumatoid joint destruction. Immunol Lett 2006; 106:8-13. [PMID: 16824621 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with joint destruction. Synovial fibroblasts are key players in this pathological process. They favorise a pro-inflammatory environment in the synovial tissue, interact with the immune system and regulate the differentiation of monocytes into osteoclasts. Synovial hyperplasia is another characteristic of RA, reflecting not only an imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis, but also the migration of cells into the synovial tissue. Gene transfer experiments have been used as important tools for the understanding of molecular and cellular changes that characterize the activated RA synovial fibroblasts. Activated synovial fibroblasts can invade cartilage and bone. Synovial activation is driven by cytokines, such as TNFalpha and IL-1, as well as IL-15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, but also by cytokine-independent mechanisms that involve the innate immune system (i.e. TLRs), a unique communication network of microparticles and epigenetic changes (e.g. L1 retroelements).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Karouzakis
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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Merfort I. Patented inhibitors (2002 – 2005) of the transcription factor NF-κB. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006; 16:797-810. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.6.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Niederberger E, Manderscheid C, Geisslinger G. Different COX-independent effects of the COX-2 inhibitors etoricoxib and lumiracoxib. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 342:940-8. [PMID: 16598848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Etoricoxib and lumiracoxib are both highly selective COX-2 inhibitors. This drug class has recently been linked to severe side effects in particular within the cardiovascular system. The underlying signal transduction pathway is not clarified at the moment but different COX-independent mechanisms might contribute to wanted and unwanted effects of these drugs. Here, we investigated COX-2-independent effects of etoricoxib and lumiracoxib. Both inhibited the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, but had no effects on activation of the AP-1 subunits c-jun and c-fos. On the other hand, activation of the transcription factor CREB was dose-dependently inhibited only by etoricoxib. Together with NF-kappaB-inhibition this might contribute to the reduced protein expression of the pro-inflammatory proteins COX-2 and iNOS. In contrast, lumiracoxib did not influence CREB activation and showed no effect on iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. In conclusion, we showed that etoricoxib and lumiracoxib have different COX-independent mechanisms which may be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Niederberger
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Inoue T, Boyle DL, Corr M, Hammaker D, Davis RJ, Flavell RA, Firestein GS. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 is a pivotal pathway regulating p38 activation in inflammatory arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:5484-9. [PMID: 16567640 PMCID: PMC1459381 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509188103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates cytokines in arthritis and is, in turn, regulated by MAPK kinase (MKK) 3 and MKK6. To modulate p38 function but potentially minimize toxicity, we evaluated the utility of targeting MKK3 by using MKK3(-/-) mice. These studies showed that TNF-alpha increased phosphorylation of p38 in WT cultured synoviocytes but that p38 activation, IL-1beta, and IL-6 expression were markedly lower in MKK3(-/-) synoviocytes. In contrast, IL-1beta or LPS-stimulated p38 phosphorylation and IL-6 production by MKK3(-/-) synoviocytes were normal. Detailed signaling studies showed that NF-kappaB also contributes to IL-6 production and that TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation is MKK3-dependent. In contrast, LPS-mediated activation of NF-kappaB does not require MKK3. To determine whether this dichotomy occurs in vivo, two inflammation models were studied. In K/BxN passive arthritis, the severity of arthritis was dramatically lower in MKK3(-/-) mice. Phospho-p38, phospho-MAPK activator protein kinase 2, IL-1beta, CXC ligand 1, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3 levels in the joints of MKK3(-/-) mice were significantly lower than in controls. Exogenous IL-1beta administered during the first 4 days of the passive model restored arthritis to the same severity as in WT mice. In the second model, IL-6 production after systemic LPS administration was similar in WT and MKK3(-/-) mice. Therefore, selective MKK3 deficiency can suppress inflammatory arthritis and cytokine production while Toll-like receptor 4-mediated host defense remains intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Inoue
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656
| | - David L. Boyle
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656
| | - Maripat Corr
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656
| | - Deepa Hammaker
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605; and
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Gary S. Firestein
- *Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656. E-mail:
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Dayer JM, Molnarfi N, Burger D. From cellular receptors to transduction–transcription pathways for cytokines: at which level should the inhibition be targeted in inflammation? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 5 Suppl 1:S83-96. [PMID: 16187943 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.5.1.s83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance in cytokine homeostasis is considered to play a major part in the pathogenesis of immuno-inflammatory diseases. Since the identification and cloning of cytokines and their receptors, therapeutic approaches have been developed with the purpose of impeding the interaction between the ligand (cytokine) and its specific receptor, or interactions that involve the use of anti-inflammatory cytokines to switch off inflammation. Although some diseases have been treated successfully with cytokines or anticytokines (i.e., anti-TNF, and to a lesser extent recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, in rheumatoid arthritis; IFN-beta in multiple sclerosis), the fact remains that these therapies do not abrogate the concomitant use of steroids or immunosuppressive drugs, and that a significant percentage of patients do not respond to such therapies; these are important limitations. The identification of signalling pathways preferentially used in inflammatory conditions has boosted approaches that target these intracellular mechanisms. This review examines the different therapeutic approaches that may be considered for the treatment of immuno-inflammatory diseases, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of targeting extracellular or intracellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Dayer
- University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, 24, Rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Rannou F, François M, Corvol MT, Berenbaum F. Cartilage breakdown in rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2005; 73:29-36. [PMID: 16087381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2004] [Accepted: 12/27/2004] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a connective tissue disease characterized by destruction of the joint cartilage and subsequently of the underlying bone. Cartilage destruction is due to proteolysis by enzymes called metalloproteinases (MMPs), whose production and expression are regulated by numerous local mediators such as cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, oxygen species, and neuropeptides. MMP activation is largely due to a stimulatory effect of cytokines including IL-1beta and TNFalpha. When these cytokines bind to their membrane receptor, they set off signaling cascades, with activation of TGFbeta-activating kinase (TAK-1), of NF-kappaB by Ikappa-B kinase, of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), and finally of activator protein-1 (AP-1). Tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) specifically inhibit MMPs. The interrelations between joint inflammation and joint destruction remain poorly understood. Experimental data suggest that IL-1 may be involved chiefly in joint destruction and TNF in joint inflammation. However, TNF antagonists are potent inhibitors of joint destruction in clinical practice. These results suggest that the mediators function as a network and that inhibition of a single mediator can affect the entire web. Insights gained into the innermost mechanisms of cartilage breakdown in patients with RA have led to major therapeutic breakthroughs. Thus, TNF antagonists have proved highly effective in RA. Future progress will no doubt stem from new knowledge about the extracellular mediators and intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the production and activation of enzymes responsible for cartilage degradation.
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Voll RE, Kalden JR. Do We Need New Treatment That Goes beyond Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers for Rheumatoid Arthritis? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005; 1051:799-810. [PMID: 16127017 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1361.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a prevalence of approximately 1%, making it the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease. The outcome for RA patients has significantly improved during recent years. Factors include the introduction of new therapies such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blocking agents and new treatment strategies, especially early and aggressive therapy, including combinations of several disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). However, only 60-70% of RA patients respond to treatment with a TNF-blocking agent. In addition, most of these patients show only a partial response according to ACR20 criteria. Therefore, to ameliorate painful joint inflammation and prevent disability in RA patients, new treatment principles and more intelligent combination therapies are urgently needed. Interestingly, the strategy of switching patients who no longer respond to one of the TNF blockers to another has often turned out to be effective. Areas of ongoing research include combining TNF-blocking agents with DMARDs other than methotrexate. Also, several new biologics are being tested in clinical trials that promise to soon enhance the therapeutic armamentarium to fight RA. These biologics' mechanisms of action feature blockade of T cell costimulation by a CTLA4Ig fusion protein (abatacept); blockade of interleukin (IL)-6 signaling with an antibody to the IL-6 receptor (MRA); neutralizing IL-15 by a monoclonal antibody; and targeting B cells with an anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab). Other therapeutic approaches, such as blockade of chemokine receptors, adhesion molecules, complement components, and transcription factors regulating the inflammatory response, appear promising; however, they still need careful evaluation in placebo-controlled clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Rannou F, François M, Corvol MT, Berenbaum F. Dégradation du cartilage et polyarthrite rhumatoïde. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rhum.2004.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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