Genetic association analysis of GDF5 and ADAM12 for knee osteoarthritis

Correlation of growth differentiation factor-5 + 104T>C polymorphism with the risk of knee, hand, and hip osteoarthritis: a case-control study and meta-analysis based on 47 case-control studies

Osteoarthritis (OA) arises from a intricate interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Numerous studies have explored the link between the growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) +104T>C polymorphism and OA risk, but the findings have been inconclusive. We carried out a case-control study with 704 OA cases and 418 healthy controls. Furthermore, we conducted a meta-analysis by thoroughly searching the literature for relevant studies published until 1 September, 2023. The combined odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the correlation's strength. A total of 47 independent case-control studies, including 17,602 OA cases and 30,947 controls, were analyzed. Of these, 31 studies (11,176 cases, 16,724 controls) focused on knee OA, 8 studies (3,973 cases, 8,055 controls) examined hip OA, and 6 studies (2244 cases, 5965 controls) investigated hand OA. Overall, our findings suggest that the GDF-5 + 104T>C polymorphism has a protectibe role in development of OA in global scale. Subgroup analyses by ethnicity indicated that this genetic variation provides protection against OA in Caucasian, Asian, and African populations. Further subgroup analysis based on the type of OA showed a decreased risk of knee and hand OA associated with this variation, but not for hip OA. Our combined data indicates that the GDF-5 + 104T>C polymorphism offers protection against the development of OA in general, as well as knee and hand OA. Nevertheless, there was no correlation found between this polymorphism and the development of hip OA.

The association of growth differentiation factor 5 rs143383 gene polymorphism with osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Osteoarthritis (OA) is caused by a complex set of pathophysiological factors. The genetic factors involved in the occurrence and progress of the disease have been widely discussed by scholars. It was found that growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene polymorphisms may be linked to OA susceptibility, which has been controversial and needs to be further confirmed by an updated meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES

We examined the association between GDF5 rs143383 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and OA susceptibility.

METHODS

All relevant articles that met the criteria are retrieved and included, and the search deadline is June 2022. The allele frequencies and different genotype frequencies of GDF5 rs143383 loci in each study were extracted and statistically analyzed by R4.1.3 software, and the different genetic models were analyzed based on their odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS

The meta-analysis explained that GDF5 rs143383 SNP was crucial correlated with OA in all patients with OA of knee, hip and hand. The codominant gene model in the whole crowd (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.27, P < 0.01) enlightened that OA was vitally associated with GDF5 gene polymorphism. At the same time, we did a subgroup analysis based on ethnicity. The codominant gene model (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.12-1.53, P < 0.01) in Asian population, the codominant homozygote model (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.14-1.43), codominant heterozygote gene model (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.23, P = 0.02), and dominant gene model (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.31, P < 0.01) in Caucasian are analyzed by subgroup analysis. It means that there is a momentous relationship between the GDF5rs143383 gene polymorphism and OA, especially among Caucasians. In addition, we also discussed different types of OA separately and discover that the GDF5rs143383 gene polymorphism was relevant for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and hand osteoarthritis, and it was more significant in the Caucasian population. But due to the high heterogeneity in hip osteoarthritis, it could not be accurately concluded. Furthermore, we also analyzed the osteoarthritis of different genders and found that the GDF5 rs143383 SNP was associated with both men and women and was still significant in the Caucasian population.

CONCLUSION

We found a close association between osteoarthritis and GDF5rs143383SNP in this study. From the analysis of each group, we got the same conclusion in KOA and hand OA, but which need further verification in hip OA. Considering gender, we found a close relationship between GDF5 rs143383 SNP and OA of the knee, hip and hand, both for men and women. This conclusion is more obvious in Caucasian people.

The association between ADAM12 gene polymorphisms and osteoarthritis: an updated meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Osteoarthritis of the knee is an irreversible disease that causes great pain, and genetic factors play an important role in its occurrence and development. There have been many studies on the correlation between ADAM12 polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to osteoarthritis, but the results remain inconclusive.

METHODS

Papers from PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, Springer, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and other databases were systematically retrieved with a cut-off of January 2022. All case-control studies on ADAM12 rs3740199, rs1871054, rs1044122, and rs1278279 polymorphisms and osteoarthritis were searched. Fixed or random effects models were used for pooled analysis with OR values and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and publication bias was assessed. In addition, the false-positive reporting probability test was used to assess the confidence of a statistically significant association.

RESULTS

Eleven articles were included, which included 3332 patients with osteoarthritis and 5108 healthy controls. Meta-analysis showed that the rs1871054 polymorphism of ADAM12 was associated with osteoarthritis in dominant, recessive, allelic, and homozygote genetic models [C vs. T: OR = 1.34 95% CI (1.05, 1.71), P < 0.001]. Our subgroup analysis revealed an association between the ADAM12 polymorphism rs1871054 in Asians and osteoarthritis [C vs. T: OR = 1.61, 95% CI (1.25, 2.08), P < 0.001], albeit this was only for three studies. In addition, the ADAM12 polymorphism rs1871054 is associated with osteoarthritis in patients younger than 60 years of age [C vs. T: OR = 1.39, 95% CI (1.01, 1.92), P = 0.289]; however, the ADAM12 gene rs3740199, rs1044122, and rs1278279 site polymorphisms were not significantly. Furthermore, when assessing the confidence of the positive results, the positive results were found to be credible (except for Age < 60).

CONCLUSION

Polymorphism at the rs1871054 site of ADAM12 is associated with genetic susceptibility to osteoarthritis, but rs3740199, rs1044122, and rs1278279 site polymorphisms are not.

The effect of common variants in GDF5 gene on the susceptibility to chronic postsurgical pain

Background

The growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene regulates the growth of neuronal axons and dendrites and plays a role in the inflammatory response and tissue damage. The gene may also be associated with chronic postsurgical pain. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between SNPs in the GDF5 gene and orthopedic chronic postsurgical pain in Han Chinese population based on a case-control study.

Methods

We genotyped 8 SNPs within GDF5 gene in 1048 surgical patients with chronic postsurgical pain as the case group and 2062 surgical patients who were pain free as the control group. SNP and haplotypic analyses were performed, and stratified analyses were conducted to determine the correlations between significant SNPs and clinical characteristics.

Results

Only rs143384 in the 5′UTR of GDF5 was identified as significantly associated with increased susceptibility to chronic postsurgical pain, and the risk of A allele carriers was increased approximately 1.35-fold compared with that of G allele carriers. Haplotypes AGG and GGG in the LD block rs143384-rs224335-rs739329 also showed similar association patterns. Furthermore, we found that rs143384 was significantly correlated with chronic postsurgical pain in the subgroup aged ≤ 61 years, subgroup with a BMI ≤ 26, subgroup with no-smoking or no pain history, and subgroup with a drinking history.

Conclusion

Our study provided supportive evidence that genetic variations in the GDF5 gene are potential genetic factors that can increase the risk of chronic postsurgical pain in the Han Chinese population, but further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-021-02549-5.

Growth differentiation factor 5 in cartilage and osteoarthritis: A possible therapeutic candidate

Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) is essential for cartilage development and homeostasis. The expression and function of GDF-5 are highly associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). OA, characterized by progressive degeneration of joint, particularly in cartilage, causes severe social burden. However, there is no effective approach to reverse the progression of this disease. Over the past decades, extensive studies have demonstrated the protective effects of GDF-5 against cartilage degeneration and defects. Here, we summarize the current literature describing the role of GDF-5 in development of cartilage and joints, and the association between the GDF-5 gene polymorphisms and OA susceptibility. We also shed light on the protective effects of GDF-5 against OA in terms of direct GDF-5 supplementation and modulation of the GDF-5-related signalling. Finally, we discuss the current limitations in the application of GDF-5 for the clinical treatment of OA. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the role of GDF-5 in cartilage and emphasizes GDF-5 as a potential therapeutic candidate in OA.

Correlation between growth differentiation factor 5 (rs143383) gene polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

A great deal of evidence has supported that growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) is associated with the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), while their results are not consistent. In the present study, we aimed to explore the association between GDF5 gene polymorphism and KOA for a more credible conclusion.

Methods

Comprehensive literature searches were carried out in English databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WOS), and Cochrane, and Chinese databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG, and VIP database. After the data were extracted from the required studies, the odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined to assess the correlation between GDF5 gene polymorphism and KOA. The publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot.

Results

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 studies on the correlation between GDF5 gene polymorphism and KOA occurrence were eligible for meta-analysis. Among these articles, four studies showed no apparent correlation, while the other 11 studies indicated an obvious correlation. Meanwhile, we also carried out a subgroup analysis of the population. Due to the inevitable heterogeneity, three genetic models were finally selected for analysis. With the allele model (C versus T: OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.73~0.87), recessive model (CC versus CT + TT: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.68~0.86), and homozygous model (CC versus TT: OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.58~0.76), GDF5 gene polymorphism decreased the risk of KOA. Besides, a significant association was observed in Caucasians, Asians, and Africans. Meanwhile, the protective effect of genotype C (or CC) in the Asian group was little obvious than that in the Caucasian group and the African group. Although the quality of the included studies was above medium-quality, we obtained results with a low level of evidence.

Conclusions

The results of the meta-analysis showed that the genotype C (or CC) of GDF5 protected against KOA occurrence in Caucasian, Asian, and African populations.

Association between growth differentiation factor 5 rs143383 genetic polymorphism and the risk of knee osteoarthritis among Caucasian but not Asian: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

A few months ago, the Bioscience Reports journal showed that growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) rs143383 genetic polymorphism increases the susceptibility of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but previous studies' results have debates about available data. Considering the availability of more recent data, we focus on clarifying the relationship of KOA and GDF5 rs143383 genetic polymorphism by a meta-analysis of case-control trial data.

METHODS

The eligible studies from the time of database established to Oct. 2019 were collected from PubMed, Springer, Cochrane library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang library. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the association between these polymorphisms and KOA risk. The meta-analysis was completed by STATA 18.0 software.

RESULTS

A total of 196 studies were collected, 16 of them included in final meta-analysis (7997 cases and 12,684 controls). There was significant association between GDF5 rs143383 polymorphism and KOA in all genetic models (for Allele model (C versus T): OR = 0.84 (95% CI = 0.76-0.91); dominate model (CC+CT versus TT): OR = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.72-0.90); recessive model (CC versus CT+TT): OR = 0.79 (95% CI = 0.68-0.92); heterozygote model (CT versus CC+TT): OR = 0.89 (95% CI = 0.80-0.97); homozygous model (CC versus TT): OR = 0.71 (95% CI = 0.60-0.85)). In the subgroup analysis, we obtained the results that there is no significance among Asians.

CONCLUSION

GDF5 rs143383 genetic polymorphism increases the risk of KOA among Caucasians; CC genotype and C allele are protective factors for the susceptibility of KOA among Caucasians.

Genetic Association Between Growth Differentiation Factor 5 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Primary Knee Osteoarthritis in a Group of Egyptian Patients: A Pilot Study

Aim

This study aimed to determine the genetic association between Growth Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) gene (rs143383 T/C) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a group of Egyptian patients.

Patients and Methods

The study included 47 patients with primary knee OA and 40 apparently healthy control subjects. The disease was assessed using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Radiological assessment was done by Kellgren-Laurence (K/L) grading system. The genetic association of the SNP with primary knee OA was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism - polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR).

Results

The mean total WOMAC index was significantly higher in patients with TT genotype as compared to patients with CC and CT genotypes (P<0.001). Similarly, the HAQ score was significantly higher among patients with TT genotype when compared to patients with CT and CC genotypes (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant association between different GDF5 genotypes and K/L radiological grading of knee OA among the studied patients (P=0.029). No statistically significant association was detected on comparing the frequency distribution of GDF5 alleles and genotypes frequencies of the SNP in patients and healthy controls.

Conclusion

There is a possible genetic association between GDF5 (rs143383) SNP and severity of primary knee OA, which might facilitate the detection of patients with high risk for disease progression. The present study did not detect an association between the SNP and development of primary knee OA.

Correlation between Interleukin-17 gene polymorphism and osteoarthritis susceptibility in Han Chinese population

Background

Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays a significant role in the inflammatory diseases. By a pilot study with small population, IL-17 polymorphisms (IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780) showed a more potential risk factor in knee osteoarthritis (OA) in our recruited subjects. In the current study, the association between IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780and the risk of OA in a Chinese population is studied.

Methods

The IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms were determined in 594 knee OA cases and 576 healthy controls, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The relationship between genotype distribution and disease risk, as well as OA severity was analyzed by Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

The experimental results indicated that the polymorphism in IL-17 gene rs2275913 site were related to knee OA risk after the adjustment of BMI, sex, age, smoking and drinking status (AA vs. GG: odds ratio (OR), 1.411; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.021–1.950; P = 0.040; A allele vs. G allele: OR, 1.192; P = 0.037; 95% CI, 1.012–1.404;). Similarly, subjects who are bearing the rs763780 variant genotypes (TC and CC) and C allele also had a higher susceptibility to knee OA compared with those who are bearing the TT genotype (TC vs. TT, OR: 1.312; P = 0.039; 95% CI: 1.017–1.692; CC vs. TT, OR: 2.812, P = 0.006, 95% CI: 1.338–5.909; C allele Vs. T allele, OR:1.413, P = 0.002, 95% CI:1.141–1.751). In the meantime, one high-risk haplotypes, AC (OR was 7.22, P < 0.01) was found. Both two polymorphisms do not correlated with OA severity based on Kellgren-Lawrence (K&L) scales. Finally, serum IL-17 levels of knee OA patients were greatly higher than those of controls (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

With the limited size sample, our study shows that IL-17 gene polymorphisms possibly related to the high-risk knee OA occurrence.

Association between GDF5 rs143383 genetic polymorphism and musculoskeletal degenerative diseases susceptibility: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Several studies have assessed the association between GDF5 rs143383 polymorphism and the susceptibility of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases, such as intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and osteoarthritis (OA), but the results are inconsistent. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between them comprehensively.

METHODS

A systematical search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases updated to April 20, 2018. Eligible studies about polymorphisms in GDF5 gene and risk of IDD or OA were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were utilized.

RESULTS

Fifteen studies with a total of 5915 cases and 12,252 controls were finally included in our study. Meta-analysis of GDF5 rs143383 polymorphism was statistically associated with increased risk of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases under each genetic model (allele model: OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.48, P = 0.000; homozygote model: OR = 1.80, 95%CI 1.49-2.16, P = 0.000; heterozygote model: OR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.21-1.55, P = 0.000; dominant model: OR = 1.56, 95%CI 1.39-1.75, P = 0.000; recessive model: OR = 1.39, 95%CI 1.20-1.60, P = 0.000). Stratified analyses based on disease type showed a significant association between the GDF5 rs143383 polymorphism and increased risk of IDD and OA under all genetic models studied. When stratified with ethnicity, pooled outcomes revealed that this polymorphism was significantly related with increased risk of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases in both Asian and Caucasian populations under all genetic models studied.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study suggested that GDF5 rs143383 polymorphism was significantly associated with susceptibility to musculoskeletal degenerative diseases.

Association of GDF-5 rs143383 polymorphism with radiographic defined knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective

To assess the association of GDF-5 rs143383 polymorphism with radiographic defined knee osteoarthritis (OA), a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.

Methods

A total of 17 relevant case-control studies with 7424 cases and 11,310 controls was collected from several electronic databases up to June 2018.

Results

The pooled results showed that GDF-5 rs143383 polymorphism was significantly associated with radiographic defined knee OA in overall and stratified analysis by ethnicity, source of controls and genotyping techniques.

Conclusions

The GDF-5 rs143383 polymorphism might be used as a relevant risk estimate for radiographic defined Knee OA.

Association between EN1 rs4144782 and susceptibility of knee osteoarthritis: A case-control study

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease that affects the whole joint, resulting from the combined influence of biomechanical factors and genetic factors. The heritable component for primary OA accounts for about 60% of variation in population liability to the disease. So far, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene studies have established many OA-related loci. However, these findings account for only a rather small fraction of the genetic component. To further reveal the genetic architecture of OA, we conducted this case-control study to explore the association of locus EN1 rs4144782 and knee OA susceptibility in a Chinese population. EN1 rs4144782 was significantly associated with increased risk of knee OA (OR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.05-1.50, P value=0.012). In dominant model, compared with carriers of GG genotype, those with AG or AA genotype have an 1.44-fold increased risk of OA (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.10-1.88; P value=0.008). Subgroup analyses didn't change the results materially. This should be the first association study of EN1 locus on risk of OA, and our finding suggested that the EN1 rs4144782 might contribute to the susceptibility of knee OA.

Association of BMP-14 rs143383 ploymorphism with its susceptibility to osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis and systematic review according to PRISMA guideline

BACKGROUND

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease which can be caused by both environmental and genetic factors. A functional locus rs143383 of bone morphogenetic protein-14 (BMP-14) has been pointed out to be associated with OA etiology, but conflicting conclusions have been reached. To provide a more comprehensive conclusion about this issue, we performed this meta-analysis.

METHODS

Relevant studies were searched from electronic databases including PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Embase, and Wanfang. The strength of correlations was examined with pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity and source of control were carried out. All statistical analyses were performed with STATA software (version 12.0).

RESULTS

Overall, BMP-14 rs143383 polymorphism was negatively correlated with the susceptibility to knee OA and hand OA under genetic contrasts of CC versus TT, CC + TC versus TT, CC versus TT + TC, C versus T, TC versus TT (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.65-0.79; OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.73-0.89; OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.71-0.86; OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.81-0.90; OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75-0.93), and TC versus TT, CC versus TT + TC, C versus T (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.65-0.89; OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.68-0.92; OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85-0.95), respectively; similar results were observed in subgroups after stratification analyses. Additionally, the polymorphism also reduced hip OA risk in Asian group after stratified analysis by ethnicity.

CONCLUSION

BMP-14 rs143383 polymorphism may be a protective factor against OA occurrence.

Association of ADAM12 gene polymorphisms with knee osteoarthritis susceptibility

Previous studies that evaluated the association between a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) gene polymorphisms and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) have given controversial and indefinite results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to confirm this correlation. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and SinoMed databases for all papers published up to April 11, 2017. Overall, five different studies, totaling 2,353 cases and 3,668 controls, were retrieved on the basis of the search criteria for KOA susceptibility related to four polymorphisms (rs3740199, rs1278279, rs1871054, and rs1044122) in the ADAM12 gene. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of this association. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's and Begg's tests. The rs3740199 G/C polymorphism was found to be associated with increased KOA risk in men (e.g., CG versus GG: OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.02–2.04, P = 0.040), but not in the overall analysis and in analyses of other subgroups. Significantly increased associations were also found for the rs1871054 polymorphism (e.g., C versus T allele: OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.49–2.30, P < 0.001). However, there were no associations for the rs1278279 and rs1044122 polymorphisms. Furthermore, no obvious evidence of publication bias was detected. Our study indicated that the rs1871054 polymorphism of ADAM12 was significantly associated with increased KOA risk.

Association between ADAM12 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis

Objective

ADAM12 polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but currently available evidence remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to confirm whether ADAM12 polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility of KOA.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science was conducted to identify observational studies assessing the association between ADAM12 polymorphisms and susceptibility of KOA. The strength of association was indicated as odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Four types of genetic model (additive model, dominant model, recessive model, and allele model) were evaluated for each included study. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity was performed.

Results

Seven case-control studies comprising a total of 3512 KOA patients and 5405 healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. A significant association between rs1871054 and increased KOA risk was found in each genetic model. No significant association was found between KOA and rs3740199, rs1044122, or rs1278279 in any genetic model.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of our study, there was a modest but statistically significant association between rs1871054 and risk of KOA in Asian population, while other polymorphisms (rs3740199, rs1044122, or rs1278279) in ADAM12 were not associated with KOA in any population.

Association of ADAM 12 polymorphisms with the risk of knee osteoarthritis: meta-analysis of 5048 cases and 6848 controls

Several studies have suggested the association between ADAM 12 polymorphisms and the risk of osteoarthritis (OA), but the results remained controversial. Therefore, we designed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the association on this issue. A literature search for eligible studies was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. The association between ADAM 12 polymorphisms and knee OA risk was calculated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Study heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias analyses were also conducted. Ten articles covering 5048 cases and 6848 controls met our criteria for the final analysis. We found that the rs1871054 was significantly associated with the risk of knee OA (allele model OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.43-2.07, P < 0.001; additive model: OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.19-3.56, P = 0.010; dominant model: OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.85-3.25, P < 0.001; recessive model: OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.13-2.10, P = 0.007). rs1044122 was significantly associated with knee OA susceptibility in recessive model (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.03-2.04, P = 0.031). For rs3740199 and rs1278279, no significant associations with knee OA were found. In the stratified analysis by gender, significant association was identified with the risk of knee OA for rs3740199 in men in allele model (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.51-3.84, P < 0.001), dominant model (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.17-6.14, P = 0.02) and recessive model (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.68-7.36, P = 0.001), but not for additive model (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.81-2.08, P = 0.28). This meta-analysis suggests that the ADAM 12 genetic polymorphisms rs1871054 and rs1044122 might be associated with risk of knee OA; rs3740199 might be associated with risk of knee OA in men. Further well-designed and large scale studies are warranted to validate these associations.

ADAMTS and ADAM metalloproteinases in osteoarthritis - looking beyond the 'usual suspects'

INTRODUCTION

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and 'aggrecanase' a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) are well established to play key roles in osteoarthritis (OA) through degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) type II collagen and aggrecan, and are thus potential targets for development of OA therapies.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the expression and potential roles of other, lesser-known ADAMTSs and related adamalysins (or a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs)) in cartilage, with a view to identifying potentially protective or homeostatic metalloproteinases in the joint and informing consequent selective inhibitor design.

DESIGN

A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed terms 'osteoarthritis' and 'ADAMTS' or 'ADAM'.

RESULTS

Several ADAMTSs and ADAMs were identified as having reportedly increased expression in OA. These include enzymes likely to play roles in cartilage matrix anabolism (e.g., the procollagen N-proteinases ADAMTS-2, ADAMTS-3 and ADAMTS-14), chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation (e.g., ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM12), as well as enzymes contributing to cartilage catabolism (e.g., Cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP)-degrading ADAMTS-7 and ADAMTS-12).

CONCLUSIONS

In addition to the well-characterised MMPs, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, many other ADAMTSs and ADAMs are expressed in cartilage and several show significantly altered expression in OA. Studies aimed at elucidating the pathophysiological roles of these enzymes in cartilage will contribute to our understanding of OA pathogenesis and enable design of targeted inhibitors that effectively target metalloproteinase-mediated cartilage degradation while sparing cartilage repair pathways.

The association of ADAM12 polymorphism with osteoarthritis susceptibility: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The pathology of osteoarthritis (OA) is partly attributed to genetic factors; however, the role of ADAM12 polymorphism is still controversial. It is necessary to perform a meta-analysis to investigate this possible correlation.

METHODS

Case-control studies on the association between OA susceptibility and ADAM12 polymorphism were comprehensively collected by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to evaluate OA risk that was possibly conferred by ADAM12 variant. The analyses were performed not only among general population but also in male and female groups.

RESULTS

A total of 8 studies with 10 populations were finally included in this meta-analysis. In the general population, 4 comparisons were carried out (C allele vs G allele, CC vs GG, GC + CC vs GG, and CC vs GC + GG) and found that ADAM12 rs3740199 polymorphism was not associated with increased OA vulnerability. On the other hand, the analyses stratified by gender made 5 comparisons (C allele vs G allele, CC vs GG, GC vs GG, GC + CC vs GG, and CC vs GC + GG). It was shown that rs3740199 polymorphism (GC + CC vs GG) was a risk factor for OA among male patients (OR =1.45, 95% CI =1.04-2.01). Sensitivity analysis indicated that it was an unstable outcome. No correlation was identified in women. Neither heterogeneity nor publication bias was detected in the analyses mentioned above.

CONCLUSION

ADAM12 rs3740199 polymorphism is likely to be associated with OA susceptibility among male patients, other than the general population. More studies are needed to confirm this observation. The mechanism by which ADAM12 variant plays a role in OA pathogenesis is also warranted and important for interpreting this possible correlation.

Association study of candidate genes for susceptibility to Kashin-Beck disease in a Tibetan population

Background

Many osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility genes have been identified in recent years. Given the overlap in the phenotype of joint inflammation between OA and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), the aim of this study is to explore whether the reported OA susceptibility genes and two genes that may link to OA pathophysiology are associated with KBD in the Tibetan population.

Method

Fifteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 12 candidate genes previously reported as OA susceptibility loci were selected for investigation. Genotyping was performed using the SNaPshot method for these SNPs in a Tibetan population composed of 849 KBD patients and 565 normal controls. Meanwhile, the coding regions of two genes, COL10A1 and HABP2, which may involve in the pathological mechanism of OA/KBD, were sequenced by Sanger sequencing to identify susceptibility coding variants for KBD in the Tibetan population.

Results

The two arthritis-susceptible candidate SNPs, rs7775 (p.Arg324Gly) in the FRZB gene and rs7033979 in the ASPN gene, showed associations with KBD (OR = 1.568, P = 4 × 10⁻³ and OR = 0.744, P = 8 × 10⁻³, respectively). The coding variants rs142463796 (p.Asp128Asn) and rs2228547 (p.Gly545Arg) in the COL10A1 gene (OR = 9.832 and P = 6 × 10⁻³ and OR = 1.242, P = 0.043, respectively) and rs548354451 (p.Asp272Glu) in the HABP2 gene (OR = 2.813, P = 0.010) were associated with KBD patients.

Conclusion

These finding suggested that rs7775 in the FRZB gene may increase susceptibility to KBD, while rs7033979 in the ASPN gene may play a protective role in susceptibility to KBD in Tibetans. Moreover, genetic variants in chondrogenesis-related genes COL10A1 and HABP2 may play a role in the risk of developing KBD in the Tibetan population.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-017-0423-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Genetic effects of rs3740199 polymorphism in ADAM12 gene on knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex arthritic condition in which genetic factors play an important role. ADAM12 gene is one of the recognized candidate genes although the results are conflicting. To derive a more precise estimation of the association between rs3740199 polymorphism in ADAM12 gene and risk of knee OA, we performed a meta-analysis based on six related studies, including a total of 2185 cases and 3716 controls.

METHODS

A comprehensive search was performed to identify related studies up to April 14, 2017. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. Different genetic models were used to assess the pooled and stratified data.

RESULTS

Overall, no significant association was found in all genetic models (C vs. G, OR = 0.983, 95% CI = 0.910-1.061; CC vs. GG, OR = 1.033, 95% CI = 0.851-1.255; CG vs. GG, OR = 1.030, 95% CI = 0.877-1.209; CC/CG vs. GG, OR = 1.031, 95% CI = 0.886-1.201; CC vs. CG/GG, OR = 1.017, 95% CI = 0.868-1.190). When stratified by ethnicity, no significant association was found.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis suggested that the rs3740199 polymorphism does not contribute to the development of knee OA. Additional well-designed large studies are required to confirm these findings in different populations.

Genetic influence of growth and differentiation factor 5 gene polymorphism (+104T/C) on the development of knee osteoarthritis and its association with disease severity

OBJECTIVE

The growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene is recognized for its role in the development, repair, and maintenance of cartilage and bone. The present case-control study was conducted to detect the genetic association between GDF5 (+104T/C) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA), as well as the possible association of SNP with the severity of KOA.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study included 50 patients with primary KOA and 50 healthy control subjects. The severity of the disease was assessed by using the Kellgren-Laurence (K-L) grading system and aided by the Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and tenderness score. The genetic association of the SNP with primary KOA was assessed by means of the TaqMan^® allelic discrimination technique.

RESULTS

The radiological assessment of patients according to the K-L grading system revealed a statistically significant association between the wild-type (TT) genotype and disease severity in both the right and left knees (p=0.049). The frequency distribution of patients with VAS score ≤6 was significantly higher in patients carrying the TT genotype (p=0.005) as compared to the CT and CC genotypes. The mean WOMAC score was significantly higher in patients carrying the TT genotype as compared to patients carrying the CC and CT genotypes (p=0.017). No statistically significant association was detected on comparing the frequency distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the SNP in patients and healthy controls.

CONCLUSION

The results of the current study revealed a possible genetic association between GDF5 (+104T/C) SNP and the severity of KOA, which might be of benefit for the detection of patients with a high risk for disease progression. The present study did not detect an association between the SNP and development of KOA.

TIMP-2 SNPs rs7342880 and rs4789936 are linked to risk of knee osteoarthritis in the Chinese Han Population

This study aimed to investigate whether functional polymorphisms in the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) gene are associated with susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the Chinese Han population. Six TIMP-2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assayed using MassARRAY in 300 patients clinically and radiographically diagnosed with knee OA and in 428 controls. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between groups. Logistic regression adjusting for age and gender was used to estimate risk associations between specific genotypes and knee OA by computing odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We found that allele "A" in rs7342880 was significantly associated with increased risk of knee OA (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.09-1.91, p = 0.035). In addition, in the over-dominant model, rs4789936 correlated with reduced risk of knee OA, adjusting for age and gender (OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.49-0.98, p = 0.036). Finally, rs7342880 correlated with increased risk of knee OA in females. This study provides evidence that TIMP-2 is a knee OA susceptibility gene in the Chinese population and a potential diagnostic and preventive marker for the disease.

Association between ADAM12 polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis in Thai population

BACKGROUND

Osteoarthritis (OA), a common degenerative joint disorder in the elderly, is characterized by the destruction of articular cartilage, bony outgrowths at joint margins, and synovitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an association between the ADAM12 (rs3740199) polymorphism and susceptibility to knee OA in a Thai population.

METHODS

Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from 200 Thai knee OA patients and 200 healthy controls. High resolution melting analysis was used to detect ADAM12 polymorphisms. The melt profile of all DNA samples was generated on the CFX96™ real-time polymerase chain reaction system and analyzed by Precision Melt Analysis™ software. The genotype distributions and allele frequencies of ADAM12 were compared between groups using the StatCalc program.

RESULTS

The significant associations were shown from the C allele (OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.16-3.79, P=0.008) and the CC genotype (OR=4.28, 95% CI=1.21-15.72, P=0.01) in male knee OA patients. No significant association was observed in female patients.

CONCLUSION

The rs3740199 in ADAM12 was associated with knee OA susceptibility in Thai male patients, and individuals with the CC genotype carried the highest risk when compared with the GG and GC genotypes.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The rs3740199 polymorphism of the ADAM12 gene can potentially be used to determine genetically high-risk subgroup of knee osteoarthritis and to better understand the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis.

Prospective cohort study of the risk factors for stress fractures in Chinese male infantry recruits

Objective

To determine potential risk factors that could predict stress fractures over an 8-week basic military training in Chinese male infantry recruits.

Methods

Recruits from three infantry units enrolled in this prospective study. At baseline, demographic data, personal history of stress fractures, mean duration of weekly exercise and smoking history were recorded on questionnaires and blood samples taken for analysis of bone turnover biomarkers and genetic factors.

Results

Of the 1516 male recruits who volunteered to participate in the study, 1398 recruits provided data for analysis. In total, 189 stress fracture cases were observed (incidence rate: 13.5%) during the 8-week training period. Recruits with stress fractures had a significantly higher incidence of prior fracture history and lower exercise level prior to enrolment compared with those without stress fractures. A significant difference in both allelic frequency and genotypic distribution of the growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene rs143383 polymorphism was observed between recruits with and without stress fractures. However, no difference in serum bone turnover biomarkers was detected between groups.

Conclusion

This prospective, cohort study indicates that fracture history, lower exercise level and GDF5 rs143383 may be predictive risk factors for stress fractures in Chinese male infantry recruits.

Polymorphic variation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 A (HIF1A) gene might contribute to the development of knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial degenerative condition of the whole joint with a complex pathogenesis whose development and progression is significantly mediated by interactions between the joint cartilage and articular tissues, particularly, proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, which results in cartilage deterioration and subchondral bone destruction. HIF-1 alpha regulates oxygen homeostasis in hypoxic tissues such as joint cartilage; efficiency of transcriptional activity of the HIF1A gene is strongly influenced by the presence of polymorphic variants. Given the loss of articular cartilage and with intention to restore damaged tissue, WISP-1 participates in the development of subchondral bone; further, its expression is highly increased in chondrocytes of OA patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate gene frequencies of HIF1A and WISP1 polymorphisms in Mexican patients suffering from knee OA.

Methods

We determined HIF1A rs11549465 (P582S), rs11549467 (A588T), and rs2057482 (C191T), and WISP1 rs2929970 (A2364G) polymorphisms in 70 Mexican patients with knee OA and compare them to those present in 66 ethnically matched healthy controls. Genotyping for these polymorphisms was performed by Real-Time PCR using TaqMan probes.

Results

Gene frequencies exhibited a significant increase of the CC genotype of rs11549465 polymorphism in knee OA patients as compared with those present in controls (P = 0.003 OR = 5.7, 95 % CI = 1.7–21.6); CT genotype and T allele showed decreased frequency in the knee OA group vs. the controls (P = 0.003 OR = 0.2, CI = 0.05–0.6; and P = 0.004 OR = 0.2, CI = 0.05–0.65, respectively). Allele frequencies of the other polymorphic variants were similar in both patients and controls.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the presence of the rs11549465 SNP (HIF1A) plays a role protective in the loss of articular cartilage in our population, and offers the possibility to further study the molecular mechanisms within cartilage and subchondral bone.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-015-0678-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms within ADAM12 and risk of knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han population

Objective. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex arthritic condition in which the genetic factor plays a major role. One of the candidate genes of is the ADAM12 gene, but no consistency has been reached till now. This study aims to investigate the potential role of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ADAM12 gene in susceptibility to knee OA and its progression in Chinese Han population. Methods. The rs1278279, rs3740199, rs1044122, and rs1871054 polymorphisms were genotyped and compared in a population based cohort consisting of 164 OA subjects and 200 age- and gender-matched controls. Results. The SNP rs1871054 was found with increased risk of OA susceptibility in comparing the genotype frequencies between the case and control groups no matter for which model of comparison (allele level, dominant model, recessive model, and extreme genotype model). Additionally, the SNP rs1871054 was found associated with increased OA severity according to the K/L grade. Conclusion. In summary, we have identified that the rs1871054 variant within the ADAM12 gene is a risk factor for increased osteoarthritis susceptibility and severity.

Association between GDF5 rs143383 polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis: an updated meta-analysis based on 23,995 subjects

BACKGROUND

Previous studies investigating the association between GDF5 rs143383 polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis (OA) have suggested stronger associations in Asians than Caucasians, but limitations on the amount of available data have meant that a definitive assessment has not been possible. Given the availability of more recent data, the aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the overall association between GDF5 rs143383 polymorphism and knee OA and whether the association varies by ethnicity.

METHODS

Searches of Medline, Embase, and ISI Web of Science were conducted up to July 2013. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of association between the GDF5 polymorphism and knee OA risk.

RESULTS

A total of 20 studies with 23,995 individuals were included. There were weak but significant associations present between the GDF5 polymorphism and knee OA at the allele level (C vs. T: OR =0.85, 95% CI = 0.80-0.90) and genotype level (CC vs. TT: OR = 0.73; CT vs. TT: OR = 0.84; CC/CT vs. TT: OR = 0.81; CC vs.

CT/TT

OR = 0.81) in the overall population. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, we observed a strong significant association (OR = 0.60 to 0.80, all P <0.05) in Asian population and weaker associations (OR =0.78 to 0.87, all P <0.05) in Caucasian population; however marked heterogeneity was detected in all models except for CC vs. TT (I2 = 12.9%) and CC vs. CT + TT (I2 = 0.0%) in Asians.

CONCLUSIONS

These results strongly suggest that the C allele and CC genotype of the GDF5 gene are protective for knee OA susceptibility across different populations.

Two Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in ADAM12 Gene Are Associated with Early and Late Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis in Estonian Population

Objectives. To investigate associations of selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADAM12 gene with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (rKOA) in Estonian population. Methods. The rs3740199, rs1871054, rs1278279, and rs1044122 SNPs in ADAM12 gene were genotyped in 438 subjects (303 women) from population-based cohort, aged 32 to 57 (mean 45.4). The rKOA features were evaluated in the tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) and patellofemoral joint. Results. The early rKOA was found in 51.4% of investigated subjects (72% women) and 12.3% of participants (63% women) had advanced stage of diseases. The A allele of synonymous SNP rs1044122 was associated with early rKOA in TFJ, predominantly with the presence of osteophytes in females (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.08–2.29, P = 0.018). The C allele of intron polymorphism rs1871054 carried risk for advanced rKOA, mostly to osteophyte formation in TFJ in males (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.11–7.53, P = 0.018). Also the CCAA haplotype of ADAM12 was associated with osteophytosis, again mostly in TFJ in males (P = 0.014). For rs3740199 and rs1278279, no statistically significant associations were observed. Conclusion.   ADAM12 gene variants are related to rKOA risk during the early and late stages of diseases. The genetic risk seems to be predominantly associated with the appearance of osteophytes—a marker of bone remodelling and neochondrogenesis.

Cohort Profile: The Namwon Study and the Dong-gu Study

These two cohorts were designed to examine the increasing burden of chronic diseases among Korean populations. The studies investigated determinants for stroke, osteoporosis, dementia and cancer among middle-aged and elderly Korean populations. The Namwon Study baseline survey was performed between 2004 and 2007 (n = 10 667), and followed up 4 years later (n = 8157, follow-up rate = 76.5%). The baseline survey of the Dong-gu Study was administered over 2007-2010 (n = 9260), and will be followed up between 2014 and 2015. Questionnaires included assessment of cognitive function, psychiatric health and lifestyle factors. Clinical examinations, biochemical tests and genotyping focused on evaluating the determinants of target diseases and their intermediate phenotypes. Potential collaborators will be invited to contact the chief investigators.