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Tsigeman E, Zemliak V, Likhanov M, Papageorgiou KA, Kovas Y. AI can see you: Machiavellianism and extraversion are reflected in eye-movements. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308631. [PMID: 39196880 PMCID: PMC11355565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies showed an association between personality traits and individual patterns of visual behaviour in laboratory and other settings. The current study extends previous research by measuring multiple personality traits in natural settings; and by comparing accuracy of prediction of multiple machine learning algorithms. METHODS Adolescent participants (N = 35) completed personality questionnaires (Big Five Inventory and Short Dark Triad Questionnaire) and visited an interactive museum while their eye movements were recorded with head-mounted eye tracking. To predict personality traits the eye-movement data was analysed using eight machine-learning methods: Random Forest, Adaboost, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, k Nearest Neighbours, Decision Tree and a three-layer Perceptron. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Extracted eye movement features introduced to machine learning algorithms predicted personality traits with above 33% chance accuracy (34%-48%). This result is comparable to previous ecologically valid studies, but lower than in laboratory-based research. Better prediction was achieved for Machiavellianism and Extraversion compared to other traits (10 and 9 predictions above the chance level by different algorithms from different parts of the recording). Conscientiousness, Narcissism and Psychopathy were not reliably predicted from eye movements. These differences in predictability across traits might be explained by differential activation of different traits in different situations, such as new vs. familiar, exciting vs. boring, and complex vs. simple settings. In turn, different machine learning approaches seem to be better at capturing specific gaze patterns (e.g. saccades), associated with specific traits evoked by the situation. Further research is needed to gain better insights into trait-situation-algorithm interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Tsigeman
- Laboratory for Social & Cognitive Informatics, HSE University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Maxim Likhanov
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yulia Kovas
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, United Kingdom
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García-Marco E, Nuez Trujillo A, Padrón I, Ravelo Y, Fu Y, Marrero H. Negation and social avoidance in language recruits the right inferior frontal gyrus: a tDCS study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1356030. [PMID: 38765838 PMCID: PMC11099214 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the process of comprehension, linguistic negation induces inhibition of negated scenarios. Numerous studies have highlighted the role of the right Inferior Frontal Gyrus (rIFG) - a key component of the inhibitory network - in negation processing. Social avoidance can be linguistically portrayed using attitudinal verbs such as "exclude" vs. "include", which inherently carry negative connotations. Consequently, we hypothesize that the interplay between explicit negation and the implicit negativity of avoidance verbs can be modulated via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the rIFG. Methods In our study, sixty-four participants read approach/avoidance sentences, which were either affirmative or negative, such as "Anne included (did not include) meat in her diet" vs. "Anne excluded (did not exclude) meat in her diet". This reading task followed a 20-minute tDCS session. The sentences were sequentially displayed, and at 1500 ms post-sentence, a verb was shown - either the one previously mentioned or its semantic alternative counterpart (e.g., included vs. excluded). Results Findings revealed that anodal stimulation intensifies the inhibitory impact of negation during sentence comprehension. Under anodal conditions, negative sentences led to extended reading times for the mentioned verbs compared to their affirmative counterparts, suggesting an increased inhibitory effect on the verb. Furthermore, in avoidance sentences, anodal stimulation resulted in reduced reading times for alternative verbs (e.g. "included") in negative sentences compared to alternative verbs (e.g. "excluded") in negated approach sentences. Discussion As "avoidance" is semantically equivalent to "non-approach", the inhibitory effect of negation is primarily applied to the implicit negation: NOT EXCLUDED = NOT→NOT (INCLUDED), which consequently activates the representation of the alternative verb making it more available. We further discuss these findings in light of the rIFG's pivotal role in processing attitudinal verbs and linguistic negation. This discussion is framed within the overarching context of the two-step model of negation processing, highlighting its significance in the realm of social communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique García-Marco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Aarón Nuez Trujillo
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Psychology, Technological University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Iván Padrón
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Yennifer Ravelo
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Yang Fu
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- School of International Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hipólito Marrero
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Liu H, Zhang Q, Elhai JD, Montag C, Yang H. Attentional bias to threat is modulated by stimulus content: an fNIRS study. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 17:1308457. [PMID: 38273882 PMCID: PMC10808614 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1308457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
People are evolutionarily predisposed to associate threat relevant stimuli with fear or aversiveness and show an attentional bias toward threat. Attentional bias modification (ABM) has been shown to reduce threat biases, while quantitative reviews assessing the effectiveness of bias modification yielded inconsistent results. The current study examined the relationship between the training effect of attentional bias to threat and the type of threatening stimuli. Twenty-two participants performed a modified dot-probe task while undergoing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging. Results indicated that there was a strong pattern of attentional avoidance among individuals in an animal but not human threat condition. Furthermore, findings from fNIRS confirmed that the influence from type of threatening stimulus would be modulated by cortical activation patterns, especially in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortices (vlPFC) and angular gyrus. Overall, these results suggest that stimulus-specific may play a major role in personalization of specific psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejun Liu
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qihan Zhang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jon D. Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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Marrero H, Yagual SN, Lemus A, García-Marco E, Díaz JM, Gámez E, Urrutia M, Beltrán D. Social approach and avoidance in language: N400-like ERP negativity indexes congruency and theta rhythms the conflict. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1300-1309. [PMID: 35368078 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivational congruency has been examined using tasks where participants perform approach or avoidance movements towards socially positive or negative faces. Language is tightly intertwined with interpersonal cognition. Thus, similar situations could be represented by means of language in interpersonal contexts: adjectives furnish valence to people (e.g. someone is cordial or arrogant), and attitudinal verbs define direction to relationship-actions: approach-avoidance (e.g. accept vs. reject). In an Electroencephalography (EEG) study, 40 participants were presented with sentences where a character was valenced (e.g. "Arthur is cordial/arrogant") before being the target of a relationship-actions ("Grisela welcomed/ignored Arthur at the party"). We analyzed both Event-related potential (ERP) amplitude and time-frequency power in response to the attitudinal verb. For ERP amplitudes, we found a significant cluster between 280 and 370 ms, covering part of the development of a N400-like ERP component. This cluster reflects an interaction driven by congruency between motivational direction and target valence. Likewise, time-frequency power analysis revealed an enhancement of theta rhythms under incongruent conditions, most likely indexing conflict processing. Results support that relationship-actions are represented as approach and avoidance and thus involve conflict processing and resolution of incongruent situations. Implications for the interweaving of affective language and social cognition within Embodiment Simulation Theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hipólito Marrero
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sara Nila Yagual
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena (UPSE), La Libertad Santa Elena, Provincia de Santa Elena EC240250, Ecuador
| | - Alejandro Lemus
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Enrique García-Marco
- Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Europea de Canarias, 38300 La Orotava, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Díaz
- Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elena Gámez
- Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Mabel Urrutia
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas, Concepción 1290, Chile
| | - David Beltrán
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Huang G, Li Y, Zhu H, Feng H, Shen X, Chen Z. Emotional stimulation processing characteristics in depression: Meta-analysis of eye tracking findings. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1089654. [PMID: 36710847 PMCID: PMC9880408 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1089654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically evaluate the attentional bias in patients with depression toward emotional stimuli and to explore eye movement indicators and potential regulatory variables that can distinguish such patients from healthy individuals. Methods Case-control studies regarding eye-tracking in major depressive disorder published in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, The Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP databases from database initiation until March 12, 2022 were included in the present meta-analysis. Two researchers independently screened the literature and performed data extraction. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale.RevMan 5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results Overall, 14 studies were included, including 1,167 participants (N depression = 474; N healthy = 693). We found that (1) fixation duration was significantly lower for positive emotional stimuli in the depression group than that in the healthy group; however, for negative stimuli, the fixation duration was significantly more in the depression group than in the healthy group. No significant difference was observed in terms of neutral emotional stimuli between groups. (2) Patients with depression exhibited a significantly lower fixation count for positive emotional stimuli than healthy individuals, whereas the fixation count for negative emotional stimuli was significantly higher in the depression group than in the healthy group. No significant difference was found for neutral emotional stimuli between groups. (3) No significant difference was detected in terms of the first fixation duration of the positive, negative, and neutral emotional stimuli between groups. (4) subgroup analysis indicated that age effected fixation duration for positive emotional stimuli. In addition, age and the type of negative emotional picture (sad, dysphoric, threat, anger) effected fixation duration for negative emotional stimuli. Conclusion Our research supports that patients with depression exhibit a negative attention bias toward emotional stimuli, and the fixation duration and fixation counts may be used as auxiliary objective indicators for depression screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genying Huang
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yafang Li
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Key Laboratory of Psychology of TCM and Brain Science, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Yafang Li ✉
| | - Huizhong Zhu
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Feng
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xunbing Shen
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Key Laboratory of Psychology of TCM and Brain Science, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhencai Chen
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Key Laboratory of Psychology of TCM and Brain Science, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Kreddig N, Hasenbring MI, Keogh E. Comparing the Effects of Thought Suppression and Focused Distraction on Pain-Related Attentional Biases in Men and Women. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1958-1972. [PMID: 35914643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attentional focus away from pain can affect pain experience, suggesting that cognitive strategies that move attentional allocation may be a moderator of pain. In a pre-post-design, the present study examined the effects of 2 cognitive strategies used in pain contexts, thought suppression and focused distraction, on subsequent pain-related attention. Thought suppression was hypothesized to increase pain-related attention, whereas focused distraction was expected to reduce it. Influences of both anxiety and sex were also considered, as secondary questions. 139 (86 women, 53 men) healthy, pain-free participants were randomly assigned to use either thought suppression or focused distraction during a mild cold pressor test (CPT). Pain-related attention was examined using a dot-probe and an attentional blink task, pre-and post-CPT. Questionnaires about relevant cognitive and emotional aspects, demographics, and pain were completed. Results showed no difference in the effect of the 2 pain inhibition strategies on pain-related attention. The hypothesized rebound effect in thought suppression on pain-related attention did not emerge. However, thought suppression showed a short-term benefit in comparison to focused distraction regarding reported pain and perceived threat during the cold pressor test. Few sex differences were found. Thus, the cognitive strategies affected pain outcomes, but did not influence pain-related attention. PERSPECTIVE: Cognitive strategies could help with pain through changing attention allocation. In this study, the effects of the 2 cognitive strategies thought suppression and focused distraction on pain-related attention in men and women were examined. Elucidating mechanisms that lie behind pain strategies that focus on changing attention may help improve treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kreddig
- Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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Keogh E, Attridge N, Walsh J, Bartlett J, Francis R, Bultitude JH, Eccleston C. Attentional Biases Towards Body Expressions of Pain in Men and Women. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 22:1696-1708. [PMID: 34174386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether there are gender differences in attention to bodily expressions of pain and core emotions. Three experiments are reported using the attentional dot probe task. Images of men and women displaying bodily expressions, including pain, were presented. The task was used to determine whether participants' attention was drawn towards or away from target expressions. Inconsistent evidence was found for an attentional bias towards body expressions, including pain. While biases were affected by gender, patterns varied across the Experiments. Experiment 1, which had a presentation duration of 500 ms, found a relative bias towards the location of male body expressions compared to female expressions. Experiments 2 and 3 varied stimulus exposure times by including both shorter and longer duration conditions (e.g., 100 vs. 500 vs. 1250 ms). In these experiments, a bias towards pain was confirmed. Gender differences were also found, especially in the longer presentation conditions. Expressive body postures captured the attention of women for longer compared to men. These results are discussed in light of their implications for why there are gender differences in attention to pain, and what impact this has on pain behaviour. PERSPECTIVE: We show that men and women might differ in how they direct their attention towards bodily expressions, including pain. These results have relevance to understanding how carers might attend to the pain of others, as well as highlighting the wider role that social-contextual factors have in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Keogh
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK; Bath Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, UK.
| | | | - Joseph Walsh
- School of Society, Enterprise & Environment, Bath Spa University, UK
| | | | | | - Janet H Bultitude
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK; Bath Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, UK
| | - Christopher Eccleston
- Bath Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, UK; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Theodorou M, Konstantinou N, Panayiotou G. Your face scares me: Effects of Perceptual load and Social Anxiety on processing of threatening and neutral faces. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248733. [PMID: 33760893 PMCID: PMC7990234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Social Anxiety Disorder is among the most widely studied psychiatric conditions. However, the role of attentional and emotional processes in the maintenance of the condition is still not well-established. This study addressed the impact of individual differences in Social Anxiety, by examining the effects of perceptual load and stimulus valence when processing faces vs objects, here used as distractors, within a letter-search task. In addition to RT and accuracy on the letter search task, heart rate, and skin conductance during the task and participants’ self-report emotional evaluation were assessed to help interpret performance effects. Results suggest that distractor stimuli that are either threatening or faces impair performance of high SA participants. Results demonstrate a hypervigilance for threatening faces in SA but indicate that this happens primarily when cognitive resources are available, that is, under low perceptual load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Theodorou
- Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
| | - Nikos Konstantinou
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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Rauchbauer B, Pfabigan DM, Lamm C. Event-related potentials of automatic imitation are modulated by ethnicity during stimulus processing, but not during motor execution. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12760. [PMID: 30143671 PMCID: PMC6109053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated neural processes underlying automatic imitation and its modulation by ethnically diverse hand stimuli (Black, White) using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Automatic imitation relies on motor stimulus-response compatibility (SRC), i.e., response conflict caused by motoric (in)congruency between task-irrelevant hand stimuli and the required response. Our novel task aimed to separate two distinct neuro-cognitive processing stages of automatic imitation and its modulation by ethnicity: the stage of stimulus processing (i.e. perception), comprising presentation of stimulus ethnicity and SRC, and the stage of response execution (i.e. action). Effects of ethnicity were observed in ERPs of different stages of stimulus processing - during presentation of ethnicity (LPP) and SRC (N190, P3). ERPs at response execution, Pre-Motion Positivity (PMP) and Reafferent Potential (RAP), were only sensitive to congruency. The N190 results may index visual self-other distinction, while the neural timecourse of P3 and PMP variation could reflect a dynamical decision process linking perception to action, with motor initiation reflected in the PMP component. The PMP might further index motor-related self-other distinction regardless of ethnicity. Importantly, overt motor execution was not influenced by ethnically diverse stimuli, which suggests generalizability of the automatic imitation effect across ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Rauchbauer
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria.,Cognitive Science Research Platform, University of Vienna, Universitätsstraße 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitive - UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, Marseille, 13331, France.,Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone - UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Daniela M Pfabigan
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria.,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, 52 Haidian Road, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Claus Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria. .,Cognitive Science Research Platform, University of Vienna, Universitätsstraße 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Keogh E, Cheng F, Wang S. Exploring attentional biases towards facial expressions of pain in men and women. Eur J Pain 2018; 22:1617-1627. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Keogh
- Department of Psychology; University of Bath; UK
- Centre for Pain Research; University of Bath; UK
| | - F. Cheng
- Department of Psychology; University of Bath; UK
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Psychology; University of Bath; UK
- Centre for Pain Research; University of Bath; UK
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11
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Sex difference in awareness of threat: A meta-analysis of sex differences in attentional orienting in the dot probe task. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Hornung J, Kogler L, Wolpert S, Freiherr J, Derntl B. The human body odor compound androstadienone leads to anger-dependent effects in an emotional Stroop but not dot-probe task using human faces. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175055. [PMID: 28369152 PMCID: PMC5378404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen derivative androstadienone is a substance found in human sweat and thus is a putative human chemosignal. Androstadienone has been studied with respect to effects on mood states, attractiveness ratings, physiological and neural activation. With the current experiment, we aimed to explore in which way androstadienone affects attention to social cues (human faces). Moreover, we wanted to test whether effects depend on specific emotions, the participants' sex and individual sensitivity to smell androstadienone. To do so, we investigated 56 healthy individuals (thereof 29 females taking oral contraceptives) with two attention tasks on two consecutive days (once under androstadienone, once under placebo exposure in pseudorandomized order). With an emotional dot-probe task we measured visuo-spatial cueing while an emotional Stroop task allowed us to investigate interference control. Our results suggest that androstadienone acts in a sex, task and emotion-specific manner as a reduction in interference processes in the emotional Stroop task was only apparent for angry faces in men under androstadienone exposure. More specifically, men showed a smaller difference in reaction times for congruent compared to incongruent trials. At the same time also women were slightly affected by smelling androstadienone as they classified angry faces more often correctly under androstadienone. For the emotional dot-probe task no modulation by androstadienone was observed. Furthermore, in both attention paradigms individual sensitivity to androstadienone was neither correlated with reaction times nor error rates in men and women. To conclude, exposure to androstadienone seems to potentiate the relevance of angry faces in both men and women in connection with interference control, while processes of visuo-spatial cueing remain unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hornung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Lydia Kogler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolpert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Freiherr
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Lead Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Pintzinger NM, Pfabigan DM, Pfau L, Kryspin-Exner I, Lamm C. Temperament differentially influences early information processing in men and women: Preliminary electrophysiological evidence of attentional biases in healthy individuals. Biol Psychol 2016; 122:69-79. [PMID: 27396749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preferential processing of threat-related information is a robust finding in anxiety disorders. The observation that attentional biases are also present in healthy individuals suggests factors other than clinical symptoms to play a role. Using a dot-probe paradigm while event-related potentials were recorded in 59 healthy adults, we investigated whether temperament and gender, both related to individual variation in anxiety levels, influence attentional processing. All participants showed protective attentional biases in terms of enhanced attention engagement with positive information, indexed by larger N1 amplitudes in positive compared to negative conditions. Taking gender differences into account, we observed that women showed enhanced attention engagement with negative compared to neutral information, indicated by larger P2 amplitudes in congruent than in incongruent negative conditions. Attentional processing was influenced by the temperament traits negative affect and effortful control. Our results emphasize that gender and temperament modulate attentional biases in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Pintzinger
- Department of Health, Development and Psychological Intervention, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniela M Pfabigan
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Pfau
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Kryspin-Exner
- Department of Health, Development and Psychological Intervention, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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