1
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Engineering synergistic effects of immobilized cooperative catalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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2
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Quantifying the fraction and activity of catalytic sites at different surface densities of aminosilanes in SBA-15 for the aldol reaction and condensation. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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3
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Kim YL, Evans JW, Gordon MS. Molecular interactions in diffusion-controlled aldol condensation with mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10475-10487. [PMID: 35441640 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00952h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aldol reaction of p-nitrobenzaldehyde in amino-catalyzed mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) has revealed varying catalytic activity with the size of the pores of MSN. The pore size dependence related to the reactivity indicates that the diffusion process is important. A detailed molecular-level analysis for understanding diffusion requires assessment of the noncovalent interactions of the molecular species involved in the aldol reaction with each other, with the solvent, and with key functional groups on the pore surface. Such an analysis is presented here based upon the effective fragment potential (EFP). The EFP method can calculate the intermolecular interactions, decomposed into Coulomb, polarization, dispersion, exchange-repulsion, and charge-transfer interactions. In this study, the potential energy surfaces corresponding to each intermolecular interaction are analyzed for homo- and hetero-dimers with various configurations. The monomers that compose dimers are five molecules such as p-nitrobenzaldehyde, acetone, n-hexane, propylamine, and silanol. The results illustrate that the dispersion interaction is crucial in most dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lim Kim
- Ames Laboratory - US Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - James W Evans
- Ames Laboratory - US Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.,Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Ames Laboratory - US Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
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4
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Biesemans B, De Clercq J, Stevens CV, Thybaut JW, Lauwaert J. Recent advances in amine catalyzed aldol condensations. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2022.2048570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Biesemans
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeriffa De Clercq
- Industrial Catalysis and Adsorption Technology (INCAT), Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris W. Thybaut
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lauwaert
- Industrial Catalysis and Adsorption Technology (INCAT), Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Xiao W, Wang Z, Yang J, Chen T, Yi C, Xu Z. Engineering of Polystyrene-Supported Acid-Base Catalysts for Aldol Condensation in Water. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01241c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aldol reaction in water can effectively limit the formation of Schiff bases that deactivate active amine sites. To date, regulation of cooperative behaviors and morphologies of polymer-supported acid-base catalysts remains...
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6
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Di Carmine G, Forster L, Wang S, Parlett C, Carlone A, D'Agostino C. NMR relaxation time measurements of solvent effects in an organocatalysed asymmetric aldol reaction over silica SBA-15 supported proline. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00471a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The behaviour of solvents in solid-supported proline organocatalysts is explored using NMR relaxation measurements coupled with reaction screening. Solvents with a lower affinity for the solid surface lead to a higher reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science (CEAS), The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Luke Forster
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science (CEAS), The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Simeng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science (CEAS), The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Parlett
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science (CEAS), The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
- The University of Manchester at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
- Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11 0FA, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Armando Carlone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Agostino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science (CEAS), The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
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7
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Buntkowsky G, Döller S, Haro-Mares N, Gutmann T, Hoffmann M. Solid-state NMR studies of non-ionic surfactants confined in mesoporous silica. Z PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2021-3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This review gives an overview of current trends in the investigation of confined molecules such as higher alcohols, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol as guest molecules in neat and functionalized mesoporous silica materials. All these molecules have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. They are characteristic role-models for the investigation of confined surfactants. Their properties are studied by a combination of solid-state NMR and relaxometry with other physicochemical techniques and molecular dynamics techniques. It is shown that this combination delivers unique insights into the structure, arrangement, dynamical properties and the guest-host interactions inside the confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Sonja Döller
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Nadia Haro-Mares
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , State University of New York College at Brockport , Brockport , NY , 14420 , USA
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8
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Borah P, Fianchini M, Pericàs MA. Assessing the Role of Site Isolation and Compartmentalization in Packed-Bed Flow Reactors for Processes Involving Wolf-and-Lamb Scenarios. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Borah
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Mauro Fianchini
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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9
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Kim YL, Han Y, Evans JW, Gordon MS. Effective Fragment Potential-Based Molecular Dynamics Studies of Diffusion in Acetone and Hexane. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3398-3405. [PMID: 33861600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate more reliable descriptions of transport properties in liquids, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed based on the effective fragment potential (EFP) method derived from first-principles quantum mechanics (in contrast to MD based upon empirically fitted potentials). The EFP method describes molecular interactions in terms of Coulomb, polarization/induction, dispersion, exchange-repulsion, and charge-transfer interactions. The EFP MD simulations described in this paper, performed on hexane and acetone, are able to track the mean-square displacement of molecules for sufficient time to reliably extract translational diffusion coefficients. The results reported here are in reasonable agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lim Kim
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Yong Han
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - James W Evans
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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10
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Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic catalysts have been extensively investigated by several research groups in the last decades, as they allow combining the structural robust-ness of inorganic solids with the versatility of organic chemistry. Within the field of hybrid catalysts, synthetic strategies based on silica are among the most exploitable, due to the convenience of sol-gel chemistry, to the array of silyl-derivative precursors that can be synthesized and to the number of post-synthetic functionalization strategies available, amongst others. This review proposes to highlight these advantages, firstly describing the most common synthetic tools and the chemistry behind sol-gel syntheses of hybrid catalysts, then presenting exemplificative studies involving mono- and multi-functional silica-based hybrid catalysts featuring different types of active sites (acid, base, redox). Materials obtained through different approaches are described and their properties, as well as their catalytic performances, are compared. The general scope of this review is to gather useful information for those approaching the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, while providing an overview on the state-of-the art in the synthesis of such materials and highlighting their capacities.
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11
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Han Y, Slowing II, Evans JW. Surface structure of linear nanopores in amorphous silica: Comparison of properties for different pore generation algorithms. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124708. [PMID: 33003732 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We compare the surface structure of linear nanopores in amorphous silica (a-SiO2) for different versions of "pore drilling" algorithms (where the pores are generated by the removal of atoms from the preformed bulk a-SiO2) and for "cylindrical resist" algorithms (where a-SiO2 is formed around a cylindrical exclusion region). After adding H to non-bridging O, the former often results in a moderate to high density of surface silanol groups, whereas the latter produces a low density. The silanol surface density for pore drilling can be lowered by a final dehydroxylation step, and that for the cylindrical resist approach can be increased by a final hydroxylation step. In this respect, the two classes of algorithms are complementary. We focus on the characterization of the chemical structure of the pore surface, decomposing the total silanol density into components corresponding to isolated and vicinal mono silanols and geminal silanols. The final dehyroxylation and hydroxylation steps can also be tuned to better align some of these populations with the target experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory, USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Igor I Slowing
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory, USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - James W Evans
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory, USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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12
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Buntkowsky G, Vogel M. Small Molecules, Non-Covalent Interactions, and Confinement. Molecules 2020; 25:E3311. [PMID: 32708283 PMCID: PMC7397022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives an overview of current trends in the investigation of small guest molecules, confined in neat and functionalized mesoporous silica materials by a combination of solid-state NMR and relaxometry with other physico-chemical techniques. The reported guest molecules are water, small alcohols, and carbonic acids, small aromatic and heteroaromatic molecules, ionic liquids, and surfactants. They are taken as characteristic role-models, which are representatives for the typical classes of organic molecules. It is shown that this combination delivers unique insights into the structure, arrangement, dynamics, guest-host interactions, and the binding sites in these confined systems, and is probably the most powerful analytical technique to probe these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
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13
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Ellebracht NC, Jones CW. Functionalized cellulose nanofibril aerogels as cooperative acid-base organocatalysts for liquid flow reactions. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115825. [PMID: 32059881 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterial aerogels are macroscopic porous solids with relatively high surface areas and are thus an interesting basis for renewable catalyst materials. Cross-linked acid-base bifunctional catalyst aerogels are produced here from TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) and demonstrated in both batch and flow catalysis. Recently established acid-base modification for catalysis is expanded upon for chemical or physical cross-linking with small molecules and polymers. Low density and relatively high surface area (up to 74 m2 g-1) aerogel catalysts are produced with a variety of processing approaches and then freeze-dried from water or tert-butyl alcohol/water mixtures. Finer pore structure and increased surface area are achieved with tert-butyl alcohol as co-solvent. Chemical cross-linking improved aerogel stability to solvents. Homogeneous and aerogel TOCNF catalysts are shown to be effective acid-base cooperative catalysts for aldol condensation reactions in batch reactions. Continuous flow reactions are performed with glass column reactors packed with aerogel catalysts that showed improved rates relative to batch experiments, while also demonstrating physical stability. Catalyst deactivation in flow reactions is observed and observations of deactivation support previously reported mechanisms of site poisoning by competitive chemisorption of reactants in analogous acid-base catalysts. This report is a key demonstration of cellulose nanofibril aerogels for catalysis in continuous liquid flow reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Ellebracht
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332-0100, United States.
| | - Christopher W Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30332-0100, United States.
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14
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Kim W, Casalme LO, Umezawa T, Matsuda F, Otomo R, Kamiya Y. A Reliable Method to Create Adjacent Acid-Base Pair Sites on Silica through Hydrolysis of Pre-anchored Amide. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wontae Kim
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Loida O. Casalme
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Taiki Umezawa
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Matsuda
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Otomo
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kamiya
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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15
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De Vylder A, Lauwaert J, De Clercq J, Van Der Voort P, Jones CW, Thybaut JW. Aminated poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate resins as stable heterogeneous catalysts for the aldol reaction in water. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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De Carvalho GSG, Granato ÁS, De Castro PP, Amarante GW. Recent Contributions of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Organocatalysis Mechanism Elucidation. CURRENT ORGANOCATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337206666190328210907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is one of the most employed techniques
in structural elucidation of organic compounds. In addition to its use in structural characterization,
it has been widely employed in the investigation of reaction mechanisms, especially those involving
catalysis.
Objective:
In this review, we aim to provide recent examples of the interface of NMR and organocatalysis
reaction mechanism.
Methods:
Selected examples of different approaches for mechanism elucidation will be presented,
such as isotopic effect, catalyst labelling and online reaction monitoring. A discussion involving the
use of solid-state NMR will also be disclosed.
Conclusion:
NMR consists of a non-destructive technique, extremely useful in the real-time identification
of intermediates in crude reaction mixtures. With the advent of two-dimensional experiments
and high field NMR spectrometers, the reports of studies involving mechanistic elucidation were
greatly enhanced. In this context, nowadays NMR appears as a powerful tool for the comprehension
of reaction mechanisms, including the possibility of the proposal of unknown reaction mechanisms
within organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álisson Silva Granato
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pôssa De Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036900, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Wilson Amarante
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036900, Brazil
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17
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Kane A, Deshpande N, Brunelli NA. Impact of surface loading on catalytic activity of regular and low micropore SBA‐15 in the Knoevenagel condensation. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kane
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Nitish Deshpande
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Nicholas A. Brunelli
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
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18
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Abstract
A packed-bed plug-flow reactor, denoted as the lab-scale liquid-solid (LS)² reactor, has been developed for the assessment of heterogeneous catalyst deactivation in liquid-phase reactions. The possibility to measure intrinsic kinetics was first verified with the model transesterification of ethyl acetate with methanol, catalyzed by the stable commercial resin Lewatit K2629, for which a turnover frequency (TOF) of 6.2 ± 0.4 × 10−3 s−1 was obtained. The absence of temperature and concentration gradients was verified with correlations and experimental tests. The potential for assessing the deactivation of a catalyst was demonstrated by a second intrinsic kinetics evaluation where a methylaminopropyl (MAP)-functionalized mesoporous silica catalyst was used for the aldol reaction of acetone with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in different solvents. The cooperative MAP catalyst deactivated as a function of time on stream when using hexane as solvent. Yet, the monofunctional MAP catalyst exhibited stable activity for at least 4 h on stream, which resulted in a TOF of 1.2 ± 0.1 × 10−3 s−1. It did, however, deactivate with dry acetone or DMSO as solvent due to the formation of site-blocking species. This deactivation was mitigated by co-feeding 2 wt % of water to DMSO, resulting in stable catalyst activity.
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19
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Role of water in cyclopentanone self-condensation reaction catalyzed by MCM-41 functionalized with sulfonic acid groups. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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An Z, Dai Y, Jiang Y, He J. Asymmetric Knoevenagel‐Phospha‐Michael Tandem Reaction Synergistically Catalyzed by Achiral Silanols and Grafted Chiral Amines on Mesoporous Silica. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yitao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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21
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Singappuli-Arachchige D, Kobayashi T, Wang Z, Burkhow SJ, Smith EA, Pruski M, Slowing II. Interfacial Control of Catalytic Activity in the Aldol Condensation: Combining the Effects of Hydrophobic Environments and Water. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilini Singappuli-Arachchige
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Zhuoran Wang
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Sadie J. Burkhow
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Emily A. Smith
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Marek Pruski
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Igor I. Slowing
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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22
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Ellebracht NC, Jones CW. Optimized Cellulose Nanocrystal Organocatalysts Outperform Silica-Supported Analogues: Cooperativity, Selectivity, and Bifunctionality in Acid–Base Aldol Condensation Reactions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C. Ellebracht
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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23
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Ciogli A, Capitani D, Di Iorio N, Crotti S, Bencivenni G, Donzello MP, Villani C. A Silica-Supported Catalyst Containing 9-Amino-9-deoxy-9-epi
-quinine and a Benzoic Acid Derivative for Stereoselective Batch and Flow Heterogeneous Reactions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro, 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR; Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche; Lab. di Risonanza Magnetica “Annalaura Segre”; Via Salaria km 29,300 C.P. 10 Monterotondo Stazione Roma Italy
| | - Nicola Di Iorio
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna; Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Simone Crotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna; Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Giorgio Bencivenni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna; Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro, 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro, 5 00185 Roma Italy
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Xie J, Ellebracht NC, Jones CW. Inter- and Intramolecular Cooperativity Effects in Alkanolamine-Based Acid-Base Heterogeneous Organocatalysts. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1110-1117. [PMID: 31459387 PMCID: PMC6648141 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular cooperativity in heterogeneous organocatalysts is investigated using alkanolamine-functionalized silica acid-base catalysts for the aldol condensation reaction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone. Two series of catalysts, one with and one without silanol-capping, are synthesized with varied alkyl linker lengths (two to five) connecting secondary amine and terminal hydroxyl functionalities. The reactivity of these catalysts is assessed to determine the relative potential for intermolecular (silane amine-surface silanol) vs intramolecular (amine-hydroxyl within a single silane) cooperativity, the impact of inhibitory surface-silane interactions, and the role of alkyl linker length and flexibility. For the array of catalysts tested, those with longer linker lengths generally give increased catalytic activity, although the turnover frequency trends differ between catalysts with and without surface silanol capping. Catalysts with alkyl-substituted amines lacking a terminal hydroxyl demonstrate an adverse effect of chain length, where the larger alkyl substituent on the amine provides steric hindrance depressing catalytic activity, while giving additional evidence for improved rates afforded by intramolecular cooperativity in the alkanolamine materials. The silanol-capped alkanolamine catalyst with the longest alkyl linker is found to be the most active alkanolamine catalyst due to its hydrophobized surface, which removes hypothesized silanol-alkanolamine inhibitory interactions, with the sufficient length and flexibility of its amine-hydroxyl linker allowing for favorable conformations for cooperativity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of and important factors affecting intramolecular cooperative activity in acid-base heterogeneous organocatalysis.
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De Vylder A, Lauwaert J, De Clercq J, Van Der Voort P, Stevens CV, Thybaut JW. Kinetic evaluation of chitosan-derived catalysts for the aldol reaction in water. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00245f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reaction rate and stability of chitosan as heterogeneous amine catalyst is quantified in a batch and continuous-flow aldol reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton De Vylder
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9052 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lauwaert
- Industrial Catalysis and Adsorption Technology (INCAT)
- Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Jeriffa De Clercq
- Industrial Catalysis and Adsorption Technology (INCAT)
- Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC)
- Department of Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Joris W. Thybaut
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Department of Materials, Textiles, and Chemical Engineering
- Ghent University
- 9052 Ghent
- Belgium
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27
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García A, Slowing II, Evans JW. Pore diameter dependence of catalytic activity: p-nitrobenzaldehyde conversion to an aldol product in amine-functionalized mesoporous silica. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:024101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5037618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andres García
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - Igor I. Slowing
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - James W. Evans
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
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28
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De Vylder A, Lauwaert J, Esquivel D, Poelman D, De Clercq J, Van Der Voort P, Thybaut JW. The role of water in the reusability of aminated silica catalysts for aldol reactions. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Manzano JS, Weinstein ZB, Sadow AD, Slowing II. Direct 3D Printing of Catalytically Active Structures. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sebastián Manzano
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Zachary B. Weinstein
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Aaron D. Sadow
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Igor I. Slowing
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
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30
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Kobayashi T, Perras FA, Chaudhary U, Slowing II, Huang W, Sadow AD, Pruski M. Improved strategies for DNP-enhanced 2D 1H-X heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy of surfaces. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2017; 87:38-44. [PMID: 28834782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced 1H-X heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) measurements of hydrogen-rich surface species are better accomplished by using proton-free solvents. This approach notably prevents HETCOR spectra from being obfuscated by the solvent-derived signals otherwise present in DNP measurements. Additionally, in the hydrogen-rich materials studied here, which included functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles and metal organic frameworks, the use of proton-free solvents afforded higher sensitivity gains than the commonly used solvents containing protons. We also explored the possibility of using a solvent-free sample formulation and the feasibility of indirect detection in DNP-enhanced HETCOR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Umesh Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, IA 50011, USA
| | - Igor I Slowing
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, IA 50011, USA
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aaron D Sadow
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, IA 50011, USA
| | - Marek Pruski
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, IA 50011, USA.
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31
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Zuo C, Li C, Ge T, Guo X, Zhang S. Spherical P-modified catalysts for heterogeneous cross-aldol condensation of formaldehyde with methyl acetate for methyl acrylate production. CAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuncun Zuo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chunshan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing; Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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32
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Lauwaert J, Ouwehand J, De Clercq J, Cool P, Van Der Voort P, Thybaut JW. Tuning component enrichment in amino acid functionalized (organo)silicas. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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33
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Hoyt CB, Lee LC, Cohen AE, Weck M, Jones CW. Bifunctional Polymer Architectures for Cooperative Catalysis: Tunable Acid-Base Polymers for Aldol Condensation. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B. Hoyt
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Li-Chen Lee
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Aaron E. Cohen
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry; New York University; New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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34
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García A, Evans JW. Catalytic conversion in nanoporous materials: Concentration oscillations and spatial correlations due to inhibited transport and intermolecular interactions. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:174705. [PMID: 27825244 DOI: 10.1063/1.4966543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that steady-state catalytic conversion in nanoporous materials can occur in a quasi-counter-diffusion mode with the reactant (product) concentration strongly decaying (growing) into the pore, but also with oscillations in the total concentration. These oscillations reflect the response of the fluid to the transition from an extended to a confined environment near the pore opening. We focus on the regime of strongly inhibited transport in narrow pores corresponding to single-file diffusion. Here, limited penetration of the reactant into the pores and the associated low reaction yield is impacted by strong spatial correlations induced by both reaction (non-equilibrium correlations) and also by intermolecular interactions (thermodynamic correlations). We develop a generalized hydrodynamic formulation to effectively describe inhibited transport accounting for the effect of these correlations, and incorporate this description of transport into appropriate reaction-diffusion equations. These equations accurately describe both shorter-range concentration oscillations near the pore opening and the longer-range mesoscale variation of concentration profiles in the pore (and thus also describe reaction yield). Success of the analytic theory is validated by comparison with a precise kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of an appropriate molecular-level stochastic reaction-diffusion model. This work elucidates unconventional chemical kinetics in interacting confined systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés García
- Division of Chemical & Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - James W Evans
- Division of Chemical & Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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35
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He Y, Jawad A, Li X, Atanga M, Rezaei F, Rownaghi AA. Direct aldol and nitroaldol condensation in an aminosilane-grafted Si/Zr/Ti composite hollow fiber as a heterogeneous catalyst and continuous-flow reactor. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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García A, Wang J, Windus TL, Sadow AD, Evans JW. Catalytic conversion reactions in nanoporous systems with concentration-dependent selectivity: Statistical mechanical modeling. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:052137. [PMID: 27300859 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.052137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Statistical mechanical modeling is developed to describe a catalytic conversion reaction A→B^{c} or B^{t} with concentration-dependent selectivity of the products, B^{c} or B^{t}, where reaction occurs inside catalytic particles traversed by narrow linear nanopores. The associated restricted diffusive transport, which in the extreme case is described by single-file diffusion, naturally induces strong concentration gradients. Furthermore, by comparing kinetic Monte Carlo simulation results with analytic treatments, selectivity is shown to be impacted by strong spatial correlations induced by restricted diffusivity in the presence of reaction and also by a subtle clustering of reactants, A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés García
- Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.,Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Theresa L Windus
- Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Aaron D Sadow
- Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - James W Evans
- Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.,Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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37
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de Lima Batista AP, Zahariev F, Slowing II, Braga AAC, Ornellas FR, Gordon MS. Silanol-Assisted Carbinolamine Formation in an Amine-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Surface: Theoretical Investigation by Fragmentation Methods. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:1660-9. [PMID: 26670797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aldol reaction catalyzed by an amine-substituted mesoporous silica nanoparticle (amine-MSN) surface was investigated using a large molecular cluster model (Si392O958C6NH361) combined with the surface integrated molecular orbital/molecular mechanics (SIMOMM) and fragment molecular orbital (FMO) methods. Three distinct pathways for the carbinolamine formation, the first step of the amine-catalyzed aldol reaction, are proposed and investigated in order to elucidate the role of the silanol environment on the catalytic capability of the amine-MSN material. The computational study reveals that the most likely mechanism involves the silanol groups actively participating in the reaction, forming and breaking covalent bonds in the carbinolamine step. Therefore, the active participation of MSN silanol groups in the reaction mechanism leads to a significant reduction in the overall energy barrier for the carbinolamine formation. In addition, a comparison between the findings using a minimal cluster model and the Si392O958C6NH361 cluster suggests that the use of larger models is important when heterogeneous catalysis problems are the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P de Lima Batista
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Federico Zahariev
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Igor I Slowing
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Ornellas
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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38
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Collier VE, Ellebracht NC, Lindy GI, Moschetta EG, Jones CW. Kinetic and Mechanistic Examination of Acid–Base Bifunctional Aminosilica Catalysts in Aldol and Nitroaldol Condensations. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia E. Collier
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nathan C. Ellebracht
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - George I. Lindy
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Eric G. Moschetta
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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39
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Lauwaert J, Moschetta EG, Van Der Voort P, Thybaut JW, Jones CW, Marin GB. Spatial arrangement and acid strength effects on acid–base cooperatively catalyzed aldol condensation on aminosilica materials. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Lauwaert J, De Canck E, Esquivel D, Van Der Voort P, Thybaut JW, Marin GB. Effects of amine structure and base strength on acid–base cooperative aldol condensation. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Liu DJ, Garcia A, Wang J, Ackerman DM, Wang CJ, Evans JW. Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Statistical Mechanical Models and Coarse-Grained Mesoscale Descriptions of Catalytic Reaction–Diffusion Processes: 1D Nanoporous and 2D Surface Systems. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5979-6050. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500453t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jiang Liu
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Andres Garcia
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - David M. Ackerman
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Chi-Jen Wang
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - James W. Evans
- Ames Laboratory—USDOE, Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, and §Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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42
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Nishiyama Y, Kobayashi T, Malon M, Singappuli-Arachchige D, Slowing II, Pruski M. Studies of minute quantities of natural abundance molecules using 2D heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy under 100 kHz MAS. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2015; 66-67:56-61. [PMID: 25773137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (1)H{(13)C} heteronuclear correlation solid-state NMR spectra of naturally abundant solid materials are presented, acquired using the 0.75-mm magic angle spinning (MAS) probe at spinning rates up to 100 kHz. In spite of the miniscule sample volume (290 nL), high-quality HSQC-type spectra of bulk samples as well as surface-bound molecules can be obtained within hours of experimental time. The experiments are compared with those carried out at 40 kHz MAS using a 1.6-mm probe, which offered higher overall sensitivity due to a larger rotor volume. The benefits of ultrafast MAS in such experiments include superior resolution in (1)H dimension without resorting to (1)H-(1)H homonuclear RF decoupling, easy optimization, and applicability to mass-limited samples. The HMQC spectra of surface-bound species can be also acquired under 100 kHz MAS, although the dephasing of transverse magnetization has significant effect on the efficiency transfer under MAS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishiyama
- JEOL Resonance Inc., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan; RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - T Kobayashi
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011-3020, USA
| | - M Malon
- JEOL Resonance Inc., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan; RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - D Singappuli-Arachchige
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011-3020, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3020, USA
| | - I I Slowing
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011-3020, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3020, USA
| | - M Pruski
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011-3020, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3020, USA.
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43
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Zhang F, Jiang H, Wu X, Mao Z, Li H. Organoamine-functionalized graphene oxide as a bifunctional carbocatalyst with remarkable acceleration in a one-pot multistep reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:1669-1677. [PMID: 25556875 DOI: 10.1021/am507221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we reported the synthesis of bifunctional carbocatalyst with acid-base dual-activation mechanism by introducing organoamines on the basal planes of graphene oxide (GO). Interestingly, GO-supported primary amine (AP-GO) exclusively promoted one-pot Henry-Michael reactions with excellent activity to give synthetically valuable multifunctionalized nitroalkanes. Notably, it also exhibited significantly higher activity than those using propylamine, activated carbon-supported primary amine, and mesoporous silica-supported primary amine as the catalysts. This superior catalytic performance originated from the unique properties of AP-GO, which provided the acid-base cooperative effect by the appropriate positioning of primary amines on their basal planes and carboxyl acids along their edges and the decreased diffusion resistance of the reactants and the intermediates during the multistep catalytic cycles because of its open two-dimensional sheet-like structure. Moreover, it could be readily recycled by simple filtration and subsequently reused without significant loss of its catalytic activity in a six times run test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
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44
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Wang CJ, Ackerman DM, Slowing II, Evans JW. Langevin and fOkker-Planck analyses of inhibited molecular passing processes controlling transport and reactivity in nanoporous materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:038301. [PMID: 25083666 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.038301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhibited passing of reactant and product molecules within the linear pores of nanoporous catalytic materials strongly reduces reactivity. The dependence of the passing propensity P on pore radius R is analyzed utilizing Langevin dynamics to account for solvent effects. We find that P ∼ (R-R(c))(σ), where passing is sterically blocked for R≤R(c), with σ below the transition state theory value. Deeper insight comes from analysis of the corresponding high-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation, which facilitates an effective small-P approximation, and dimensional reduction enabling utilization of conformal mapping ideas. We analyze passing for spherical molecules and also assess the effect of rotational degrees of freedom for elongated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Wang
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA and Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - David M Ackerman
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Igor I Slowing
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - James W Evans
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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45
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An erbium-based bifuctional heterogeneous catalyst: a cooperative route towards C-C bond formation. Molecules 2014; 19:10218-29. [PMID: 25029070 PMCID: PMC6271265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous bifuctional catalysts are multifunctional synthetic catalysts enabling efficient organic transformations by exploiting two opposite functionalities without mutual destruction. In this paper we report the first Er(III)-based metallorganic heterogeneous catalyst, synthesized by post-calcination MW-assisted grafting and modification of the natural aminoacid L-cysteine. The natural acid–base distance between sites was maintained to assure the cooperation. The applicability of this new bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst to C-C bond formation and the supposed mechanisms of action are discussed as well.
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46
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Shylesh S, Hanna D, Gomes J, Krishna S, Canlas CG, Head-Gordon M, Bell AT. Tailoring the Cooperative Acid-Base Effects in Silica-Supported Amine Catalysts: Applications in the Continuous Gas-Phase Self-Condensation ofn-Butanal. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201301087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Heterogeneous Multicatalytic System for Single-Pot Oxidation and C–C Coupling Reaction Sequences. Top Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-014-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Werner M, Rothermel N, Breitzke H, Gutmann T, Buntkowsky G. Recent Advances in Solid State NMR of Small Molecules in Confinement. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Zheng FC, Chen QW, Hu L, Yan N, Kong XK. Synthesis of sulfonic acid-functionalized Fe3O4@C nanoparticles as magnetically recyclable solid acid catalysts for acetalization reaction. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:1220-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Ke F, Qiu LG, Zhu J. Fe₃O₄@MOF core-shell magnetic microspheres as excellent catalysts for the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:1596-1601. [PMID: 24336813 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Separation and recycling of catalysts after catalytic reactions are critically required to reduce the cost of catalysts as well as to avoid the generation of waste in industrial applications. In this work, we present a facile fabrication and characterization of a novel type of MOF-based porous catalyst, namely, Fe₃O₄@MIL-100(Fe) core-shell magnetic microspheres. It has been shown that these catalysts not only exhibit high catalytic activities for the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reactions under environmentally friendly conditions, but remarkably, they can be easily separated and recycled without significant loss of catalytic efficiency after being used for many times. Therefore, compared to other reported catalysts used in the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reactions, these catalysts are green, cheap and more suitable for large scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ke
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
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