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Han Y, Li W, Bi C, Liu J, Xu H, Song H, Zhong K, Yang J, Jiang W, Yi J, Wang B, Chu PK, Ding P, Xu H, Zhu X. Na-mediated carbon nitride realizing CO 2 photoreduction with selectivity modulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 670:348-356. [PMID: 38763030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The depressed directional separation of photogenerated carriers and weak CO2 adsorption/activation activity are the main factors hampering the development of artificial photosynthesis. Herein, Na ions are embedded in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to achieve directional migration of the photogenerated electrons to Na sites, while the electron-rich Na sites enhance CO2 adsorption and activation. Na/g-C3N4 (NaCN) shows improved photocatalytic reduction activity of CO2 to CO and CH4, and under simulated sunlight irradiation, the CO yield of NaCN synthesized by embedding Na at 550°C (NaCN-550) is 371.2 μmol g-1 h-1, which is 58.9 times more than that of the monomer g-C3N4. By means of theoretical calculations and experiments including in situ fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the mechanism is investigated. This strategy which improves carrier separation and reduces the energy barrier at the same time is important to the development of artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Chuanzhou Bi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Hangmin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Hao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Kang Zhong
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jinman Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Weiyi Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jianjian Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Penghui Ding
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-601 74, Sweden.
| | - Hui Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xingwang Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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2
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Yu H, Zhang F, Chen Q, Zhou PK, Xing W, Wang S, Zhang G, Jiang Y, Chen X. Vinyl-Group-Anchored Covalent Organic Framework for Promoting the Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402297. [PMID: 38488772 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The artificial photosynthesis of H2O2 from water and oxygen using semiconductor photocatalysts is attracting increasing levels of attention owing to its green, environmentally friendly, and energy-saving characteristics. Although covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising materials for promoting photocatalytic H2O2 production owing to their structural and functional diversity, they typically suffer from low charge-generation and -transfer efficiencies as well as rapid charge recombination, which restricts their use as catalysts for photocatalytic H2O2 production. Herein, we report a strategy for anchoring vinyl moieties to a COF skeleton to facilitate charge separation and migration, thereby promoting photocatalytic H2O2 generation. This vinyl-group-bearing COF photocatalyst exhibits a H2O2-production rate of 84.5 μmol h-1 (per 10 mg), which is ten-times higher than that of the analog devoid of vinyl functionality and superior to most reported COF photocatalysts. Both experimental and theoretical studies provide deep insight into the origin of the improved photocatalytic performance. These findings are expected to facilitate the rational design and modification of organic semiconductors for use in photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Pan-Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Wandong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Guigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
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Wang L, Chen Y, Zhang C, Zhong Z, Amirav L. Porous In 2O 3 Hollow Tube Infused with g-C 3N 4 for CO 2 Photocatalytic Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4581-4591. [PMID: 38232351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Converting CO2 into energy-rich fuels by using solar energy is a sustainable solution that promotes a carbon-neutral economy and mitigates our reliance on fossil fuels. However, affordable and efficient CO2 conversion remains an ongoing challenge. Here, we introduce polymeric g-C3N4 into the pores of a hollow In2O3 microtube. This architecture results in a compact and staggered arrangement between g-C3N4 and In2O3 components with an increased contact interface for improved charge separation. The hollow interior further contributes to strengthening light absorption. The resulting g-C3N4-In2O3 hollow tubes exhibit superior activity (274 μmol·g-1·h-1) toward CO2 to CO conversion in comparison with those of pure In2O3 and g-C3N4 (5.5 and 93.6 μmol·g-1·h-1, respectively), underlining the role of integrating g-C3N4 and In2O3 in this advanced system. This work offers a strategy for the advanced design and preparation of hollow heterostructures for optimizing CO2 adsorption and conversion by integrating inorganic and organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Guangdong 515063, China
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion (MATEC), Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Yuexing Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Guangdong 515063, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion (MATEC), Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Guangdong 515063, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion (MATEC), Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Baranowska D, Zielinkiewicz K, Mijowska E, Zielinska B. Sugars induced exfoliation of porous graphitic carbon nitride for efficient hydrogen evolution in photocatalytic water-splitting reaction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1998. [PMID: 38263348 PMCID: PMC10805789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution holds great promise for addressing critical energy and environmental challenges, making it an important area in scientific research. One of the most popular photocatalysts is graphitic carbon nitride (gCN), which has emerged as a noteworthy candidate for hydrogen generation through water splitting. However, ongoing research aims to enhance its properties for practical applications. Herein, we introduce a green approach for the fabrication of porous few-layered gCN with surface modifications (such as oxygen doping, carbon deposition, nitrogen defects) with promoted performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction. The fabrication process involves a one-step solvothermal treatment of bulk graphitic carbon nitride (bulk-gCN) in the presence of different sugars (glucose, sucrose, and fructose). Interestingly, the conducted time-dependent process revealed that porous gCN exfoliated in the presence of fructose at 180 °C for 6 h (fructose_6h) exhibits a remarkable 13-fold promotion of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution compared to bulk-gCN. The studied materials were extensively characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, allowing us to propose a reaction mechanism for hydrogen evolution during water-splitting over fructose_6h. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of employing a facile and environmentally friendly fructose-assisted solvothermal process to improve the efficiency and stability of catalysts based on graphitic carbon nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Baranowska
- Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland.
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Process Engineering (CAMMPE), West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Zielinkiewicz
- Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Process Engineering (CAMMPE), West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Mijowska
- Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Process Engineering (CAMMPE), West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beata Zielinska
- Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland.
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Process Engineering (CAMMPE), West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland.
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5
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Suhag MH, Katsumata H, Tateishi I, Furukawa M, Kaneco S. Black Phosphorus-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Aromatic Benzene Rings for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13121-13131. [PMID: 37672653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, abbreviated as g-CN) suffers from low visible-light-responsive photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, aromatic benzene rings and black phosphorus (BP) were successfully incorporated into g-CN photocatalysts (BP/A-CN), resulting in modified materials with improved properties. Structural analysis confirmed the successful integration of aromatic rings and BP into the g-CN framework, indicating the formation of a stable composite. Morphological characterization revealed that the introduction of aromatic rings and BP did not cause any significant changes in the nanosheet-like morphology of the g-CN photocatalysts. To evaluate the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity under visible-light irradiation, various compositions of aromatic benzene rings and BP were investigated. Specifically, the BP/A-CN composite exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production rate (860 μmol g-1 h-1), which was approximately 4.0 times higher than that of g-CN (210 μmol g-1 h-1). The improved hydrogen production rates observed in the modified g-CN photocatalysts can be attributed to several factors. First, the aromatic benzene rings and BP enhanced light absorption, thereby improving the efficient utilization of solar energy. Additionally, the presence of these components in the composite photocatalysts reduced electron-hole recombination, thereby facilitating improved charge transfer and separation efficiencies. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of incorporating aromatic benzene rings and BP into g-CN photocatalysts for efficient solar energy conversion. These findings contribute to the development of novel photocatalytic materials with enhanced performance and highlight the versatility of g-CN-based composites for various applications in environmental and energy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Hassan Suhag
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Barishal, Barishal 8254, Bangladesh
| | - Hideyuki Katsumata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ikki Tateishi
- Mie Global Environment Center for Education & Research, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mai Furukawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneco
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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6
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Chen C, Liu F, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Fang X. Theoretical design and experimental study of pyridine-incorporated polymeric carbon nitride with an optimal structure for boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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7
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Liu Y, Bian C, Li Y, Sun P, Xiao Y, Xiao X, Wang W, Dong X. Aminobenzaldehyde convelently modified graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst through Schiff base reaction: Regulating electronic structure and improving visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity for moxifloxacin degradation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:867-878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Regulating the Assembly of Precursors of Carbon Nitrides to Improve Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitrides (2D g-C3N4) are promising photocatalysts for water splitting to hydrogen due to their non-toxicity and high stability. However, the bulk g-C3N4 has some intrinsic drawbacks, such as rapid electron–hole recombination and low charge-carrier mobility, resulting in poor photocatalytic activity. Here, 2,4-diamine-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine was employed as a precursor to regulating the assembly of melamine and cyanuric acid in water. The resulting g-C3N4 not only improved the visible light absorption and electron–hole separation but also provided more catalytic sites for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The modified g-C3N4 (CNP10-H) showed a hydrogen-releasing rate of 2184 μmol·g−1·h−1, much higher than the bulk g-C3N4.
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9
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Huang L, Mo C, Qu A, Chen Y. The effects of terminal groups on the structure and photocatalytic performance of imine-linked conjugated polymers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Dehghani Z, Azizi-Toupkanloo H, Nadafan M, Guirao JL. The effect of Ag on the structural, dielectric, linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Torres-Pinto A, Silva CG, Faria JL, Silva AM. The effect of precursor selection on the microwave-assisted synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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12
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Singh PP, Srivastava V. Recent advances in visible-light graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) photocatalysts for chemical transformations. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18245-18265. [PMID: 35800311 PMCID: PMC9210974 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01797k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a new research hotspot, attracting broad interdisciplinary attention in the form of metal-free and visible-light-responsive photocatalysts in the field of solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. These photocatalysts have evolved as attractive candidates due to their non-toxicity, chemical stability, efficient light absorption capacity in the visible and near-infrared regions, and adaptability as a platform for the fabrication of hybrid materials. This review mainly describes the latest advances in g-C3N4 photocatalysts for chemical transformations. In addition, the typical applications of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts involving organic transformation reactions are discussed (synthesis of heterocycles, hydrosulfonylation, hydration, oxygenation, arylation, coupling reactions, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, United College of Engineering & Research Naini Prayagraj 211010 India
| | - Vishal Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad Prayagraj 211002 India
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Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanowire Arrays via Copolymerized G-C3N4 Hybridization. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxidation is an advanced technology that combines photocatalytic oxidation (PC) and electrolytic oxidation (EC). PEC activity can be greatly enhanced by the PC and EC synergy effect. In this work, novel copolymerized g-C3N4 (denoted as CNx)/TiO2 core-shell nanowire arrays were prepared by chemical vapor deposition. CNx were deposited on the surface of TiO2 nanowire arrays using organic monomer 4,5-dicyanidazole and dicyandiamide as copolymerization precursor. TiO2 nanowire arrays provide a direct and fast electron transfer path, while CNx is a visible light responsive material. After CNx deposition, the light response range of TiO2 is broadened to 600 nm. The deposition of CNx shell effectively improves the PC efficiency and PEC efficiency of TiO2. Under visible light irradiation and 1 V bias potential, the rate constant k of PEC degradation of CNx/TiO2 core-shell nanowire arrays is 0.0069 min−1, which is 72% higher than that of pure TiO2 nanowires. The built-in electric field formed in the interface between TiO2 core and CNx shell would effectively promote photogenerated charge separation and PEC activity.
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14
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Lan ZA, Chi X, Wu M, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhang G, Wang X. Molecular Design of Covalent Triazine Frameworks with Anisotropic Charge Migration for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200129. [PMID: 35261149 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) represent promising polymeric photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production with visible light. However, the separation and transfer of charges in CTFs are isotropic because of the uniform distribution of donor-acceptor motifs in the skeleton. Herein, to achieve the anisotropic charge carrier separation and migration, thiophene (Th) or benzothiadiazole (BT) unit is selected as the dopant to modify the molecular structure of CTF-based photocatalysts. Both theoretical and experimental studies reveal that the incorporation of Th or BT units induces the anisotropic charge carrier separation and migration at the interface of CTFs. The optimized polymer manifests a much enhanced photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic hydrogen production with visible light, and thus this study provides a useful tool to design conjugated polymer photocatalysts at the molecular level for solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-An Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Xu Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Meng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Xirui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Guigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
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15
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Fang Y, Hou Y, Fu X, Wang X. Semiconducting Polymers for Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Light Illumination. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4204-4256. [PMID: 35025505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel has stimulated intensive scientific interest, as this technology has the potential to revolutionize fossil fuel-based energy systems in modern society. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) determines the performance of overall water splitting owing to its sluggish kinetics with multielectron transfer processing. Polymeric photocatalysts have recently been developed for the OER, and substantial progress has been realized in this emerging research field. In this Review, the focus is on the photocatalytic technologies and materials of polymeric photocatalysts for the OER. Two practical systems, namely, particle suspension systems and film-based photoelectrochemical systems, form two main sections. The concept is reviewed in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics, and polymeric photocatalysts are discussed based on three key characteristics, namely, light absorption, charge separation and transfer, and surface oxidation reactions. A satisfactory OER performance by polymeric photocatalysts will eventually offer a platform to achieve overall water splitting and other advanced applications in a cost-effective, sustainable, and renewable manner using solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
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16
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Wang J, Wang S. A critical review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based materials: Preparation, modification and environmental application. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Zhong J, Huang J, Liu Y, Li D, Tan C, Chen P, Liu H, Zheng X, Wen C, Lv W, Liu G. Construction of double-functionalized g-C 3N 4 heterojunction structure via optimized charge transfer for the synergistically enhanced photocatalytic degradation of sulfonamides and H 2O 2 production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126868. [PMID: 34418826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, supporting g-C3N4 embedded with benzene-ring (BCN) on P-modified g-C3N4 (PCN) successfully synthesized the homogeneous photocatalyst BCN/PCN (PBCN) via a simple thermal polymerization reaction. Under blue-light (LED) irradiation, the optimized PBCN (0.448 min-1) demonstrated excellent photocatalytic performance, attaining over 74 times the degradation rate for sulfisoxazole (SSZ) in contrast to non-functionalized g-C3N4 (CN, 0.006 min-1). Theoretical calculations revealed that the substitution of heterocyclic rings in the g-C3N4 triazine networks with benzene-rings enabled them to serve as electron donors, while promoting photoinduced spatial charge dissociation. Further, the carrier PCN tended to serve as electron acceptors to form electron-rich corner-phosphorous sites. Reactive species experiments demonstrate that the O2˙- and h+ constituted the primary photocatalytic mechanism of SSZ degradation. The potential SSZ degradation routes were predicted based on the transformation products via mass spectrometry. Finally, the composite materials also exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity in the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy (H2O2). This study guides the rational modification of g-C3N4-based semiconductors to achieve green energy production and beneficial ecological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Daguang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiwen Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chenghui Wen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenying Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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18
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Li T, Shi J, Liu Z, Xie W, Cui K, Hu B, Che G, Wang L, Zhou T, Liu C. Constructing porous intramolecular donor–acceptor integrated carbon nitride doped with m-aminophenol for boosting photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen evolution activity. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A porous intramolecular D–A integrated carbon nitride with boosted photocatalytic activity was constructed via thermal melting followed by thermal copolymerization of m-aminophenol with urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Jingmin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Zhixue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Keyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137099, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, The Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
| | - Chunbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, The Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P.R. China
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19
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Crystal design of bismuth oxyiodide with highly exposed (110) facets on curved carbon nitride for the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in wastewater. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Bai MJ, Huang XY, Yin H, N U DL, Wan J. Fe-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Methylene Blue Degradation with Visible-Light. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:5698-5706. [PMID: 33980383 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous solution through H₂O ₂and iron doped g-C₃N₄ (Fe-g-C₃N₄) was studied. The hybrid was fabricated by thermal polymerization with iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate and melamine, and it was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and Brunner-Emmet-Teller. The various experimental conditions such as doping amount, a dose of the sample, solution pH, the addition of H₂O₂, and concentration of MB on the degradation of MB dye were optimized. The maximum extent of degradation of methylene blue was obtained at pH 5, doping amount of 2.7 wt% and dose of 0.07 g. The molar ratio of Fe:H₂O₂ is 1:1000 showed 99% of MB (30 mg/L) decolorization over 60 min. The hybrid showed good stability and recyclability after three cycles of use. Photo-Fenton reaction exhibited a higher synergetic effect than the combination of Fenton and photocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Juan Bai
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuan-Ye Huang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Han Yin
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042, China
| | - De-Li N U
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jun Wan
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042, China
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21
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Tanabe T, Nakamori K, Tanikawa T, Matsubara Y, Matsumoto F. Ultrathin nanosheet Sn3O4 for highly effective hydrogen evolution under visible light. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Zhao P, Jin B, Yan J, Peng R. Fabrication of recyclable reduced graphene oxide/graphitic carbon nitride quantum dot aerogel hybrids with enhanced photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35147-35155. [PMID: 35493167 PMCID: PMC9043259 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06347b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recyclable photocatalysts that can efficiently respond to visible light must be developed for practical application. Herein, three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/graphitic carbon nitride quantum dot (CNQD) aerogel hybrids for harvesting visible light were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The graphitic CNQDs were not only decorated on but also integrated onto the surface of rGO. The CNQDs produced photogenerated charge under visible light. 3D rGO could serve as an acceptor of the photogenerated electrons and stereoscopically facilitated the charge transfer through aerogel networks owing to its high conductivity. The ciprofloxacin removal ratio of the aerogel hybrids was about 6.1 times higher than that of bulk g-C3N4. Recyclable photocatalysts that can efficiently respond to visible light must be developed for practical application.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Jing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 Sichuan P. R. China
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23
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Zhao P, Jin B, Zhang Q, Peng R. Fabrication and photocatalytic activity of graphitic-C 3N 4 quantum dots-decorated basic zinc carbonate prepared by a co-precipitation method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20329-20339. [PMID: 34486613 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) with a high quantum yield (up to 43%) were synthesized by incorporating the unique organic functional group of barbituric acid into the framework of the carbon nitride structure by supramolecular pre-organization. The CNQDs were introduced onto the surface of basic zinc carbonate (BZC) by co-precipitation. The resulting CNQDs/BZC composite showed that the degradation efficiency of tetracycline was 2.4 times higher than that of ZnO. The Z-scheme mechanism for the as-prepared sample was proposed for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation rate. The ˙O2- and ˙OH radicals played major roles due to the suitable bandgap. Finally, the formation and possible photocatalytic mechanisms of the CNQDs/BZC composite are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Qingchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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24
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Zhang JW, Pan L, Zhang X, Shi C, Zou JJ. Donor-acceptor carbon nitride with electron-withdrawing chlorine group to promote exciton dissociation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Sheng ZQ, Xing YQ, Chen Y, Zhang G, Liu SY, Chen L. Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor-acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:607-623. [PMID: 34285864 PMCID: PMC8261276 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) as photocatalysts have evoked substantial interest. Their geometries and physical (e.g., chemical and thermal stability and solubility), optical (e.g., light absorption range), and electronic properties (e.g., charge carrier mobility, redox potential, and exciton binding energy) can be easily tuned via structural design. In addition, they are of light weight (i.e., mainly composed of C, N, O, and S). To improve the photocatalytic performance of CPs and better understand the catalytic mechanisms, many strategies with respect to material design have been proposed. These include tuning the bandgap, enlarging the surface area, enabling more efficient separation of electron-hole pairs, and enhancing the charge carrier mobility. In particular, donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers were demonstrated as a promising platform to develop high-performance photocatalysts due to their easily tunable bandgaps, high charge carrier mobility, and efficient intramolecular charge transfer. In this minireview, recent advances of D-A polymers in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are summarized with a particular focus on modulating the optical and electronic properties of CPs by varying the acceptor units. The challenges and prospects associated with D-A polymer-based photocatalysts are described as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qi Sheng
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yu-Qin Xing
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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26
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Du Z, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Sun H, Li Y, Wang X, Qiu T, Zhao X, Song T, Tan H. Copolymerization of urea and murexide for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and tetracycline degradation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05647b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A g-C3N4 based material modified with murexide has been prepared and used for photocatalytic hydrogen production and degradation of tetracycline.
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27
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Exfoliation-induced exposure of active sites for g-C3N4/N-doped carbon dots heterojunction to improve hydrogen evolution activity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Mazzanti S, Savateev A. Emerging Concepts in Carbon Nitride Organic Photocatalysis. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2499-2517. [PMID: 33215877 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides encompass a class of transition-metal-free materials possessing numerous advantages such as low cost (few Euros per gram), high chemical stability, broad tunability of redox potentials and optical bandgap, recyclability, and a high absorption coefficient (>105 cm-1 ), which make them highly attractive for application in photoredox catalysis. In this Review, we classify carbon nitrides based on their unique properties, structure, and redox potentials. We summarize recently emerging concepts in heterogeneous carbon nitride photocatalysis, with an emphasis on the synthesis of organic compounds: 1) Illumination-Driven Electron Accumulation in Semiconductors and Exploitation (IDEASE); 2) singlet-triplet intersystem crossing in carbon nitride excited states and related energy transfer; 3) architectures of flow photoreactors; and 4) dual metal/carbon nitride photocatalysis. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview regarding innovative research in carbon nitride photocatalysis focusing on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazzanti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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29
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Chen Y, Qu Y, Zhou X, Li D, Xu P, Sun J. Phenyl-Bridged Graphitic Carbon Nitride with a Porous and Hollow Sphere Structure to Enhance Dissociation of Photogenerated Charge Carriers and Visible-Light-Driven H 2 Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41527-41537. [PMID: 32812739 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (CN) suffers from rapid recombination of photoexcited charges due to the existing highly symmetrical tri-s-triazine ring and long charge diffusion path, resulting in moderate photocatalytic activity. The bridged phenyl embedded in the CN structure was used to reduce the symmetry of the tri-s-triazine ring. In addition, the CN material was constructed with a porous and hollow sphere structure to shorten the diffusion path of charge carriers. Herein, simple thermal polymerization of a trimesic acid-doped melamine-cyanuric acid (MCA) supramolecular was employed to construct phenyl-bridged graphitic carbon nitride (Ph-CN-MCA) with a hollow sphere structure composed of porous nanosheets for visible-light catalytic H2 evolution. The porous and hollow sphere-structured Ph-CN-MCA possessed increased degree of polymerization, more negative conduction band potential, enlarged Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and shortened charge diffusion path. In addition, bridged phenyl embedded in the Ph-CN-MCA structure not only accelerated the dissociation of photogenerated carriers but also narrowed the band gap and extended the visible-light absorption. Further, the separated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of Ph-CN-MCA facilitated the spatial dissociation of photogenerated charges, which was also confirmed by theoretical calculations. As a consequence, compared with the reference CN-MA catalyst prepared from melamine, Ph-CN-MCA showed approximately 48.42 times the photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation. The developed synthetic method herein highlights that phenyl-bridged graphitic carbon nitride with a porous and hollow sphere structure could provide an efficient platform to boost the dissociation of photoexcited charge carriers and photocatalytic H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Dazhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jianmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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30
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Warshagha MZA, Muneer M. Synthesis of Ph-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Degradation of Different Chromophoric Organic Pollutants in Aqueous Suspension under Visible Light. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9719-9727. [PMID: 32787064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the preparation of visible-light-sensitive catalysts for the decomposition of organics has been of great interest. Herein, we report a single-step facile co-polymerization via the calcination process to produce a phenyl-modified-g-C3N4 semiconducting material. The product was characterized using standard analytical techniques. The UV/vis-DRS study indicates a shift of 23 nm toward higher wavelengths, whereas transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates the presence of phenyl group incorporation. The H1 NMR of Ph-g-C3N4 showed a shift of aromatic proton toward down-field as compared with benzamide protons. The prepared products showed efficient performance for the removal of a dye and a drug derivative in water with light and air. The marked activity might be due to efficient light absorption and photoseparated (e--h+) pair. The work embodied represents the construction of catalysts for the removal of organics in water with light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Muneer
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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31
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Zhou C, Zeng G, Huang D, Luo Y, Cheng M, Liu Y, Xiong W, Yang Y, Song B, Wang W, Shao B, Li Z. Distorted polymeric carbon nitride via carriers transfer bridges with superior photocatalytic activity for organic pollutants oxidation and hydrogen production under visible light. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121947. [PMID: 31884358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has become the most promising metal-free photocatalysts but its activity is low. Molecule doping of PCN has been proved to be an effective strategy to achieve high photocatalytic performance. Herein, we report a bottom-up method to synthesize modified PCN, which includes 2,5-dibromopyrazine doping, thermal-induced exfoliation and condensation/polymerization. The incorporation of electron-deficiency 2,5-dibromopyrazine into the PCN framework can effectively tune the electronic structures and improve the charge-carrier separation. In addition, the incorporation of 2,5-dibromopyrazine induced significant structural changes from planar symmetric to distortion. The optimized pyrazine doped PCN showed a reaction rate enhancement of 4-fold for the degradation of sulfamethazine compared to that of conventional urea-based PCN. Further reactive species and degradation intermediate detection studies, indicated that O2- was generated during the photocatalytic process, which could lead to the decomposition, and finally mineralization of sulfamethazine. 2,5-Dibromopyrazine doped PCN also leads to a 6.3-fold improvement in H2 generation with the visible light. Especially, phytotoxicity experiments showed that the toxicity of sulfamethazine after degradation is greatly reduced, and the as-prepared photocatalyst is environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Weiping Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Binbin Shao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhihao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Wang C, Wang W, Fan H, Zhao N, Ma J, Zhang M, Yadav AK. A Codoped Polymeric Photocatalyst with Prolonged Carrier Lifetime and Extended Spectral Response up to 600 nm for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5234-5243. [PMID: 31809023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic properties of photocatalysts, such as electron state and energy band structure, contribute significantly to their catalytic performance. However, it is difficult to alter these properties of semiconductors by conventional modifications. To adjust the intrinsic properties while preserving long-term conjugation of the polymeric photocatalysts, a post-thermal treatment is proposed to codope P and Na into polymeric carbon nitride in this work. After codoping, the absorption of visible irradiation is strongly extended up to 639 nm. Additionally, the lifetime of charge carriers is almost tripled from 1.09 to 2.93 ns. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance under visible light is improved to 2032 μmol·h-1 g-1 in the optimized sample, corresponding to apparent quantum efficiencies of 6.79% and 0.09% at 420 and 600 nm, respectively. The enhanced catalytic activity is ascribed to the synergistic effects of prolonged lifetime and increased charge density that resulted from lattice distortion and extended visible utilization due to the formation of subgap state. Our work provides new pathways for the modification of polymeric catalysts toward high-performance and full-spectrum photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Weijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Huiqing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Jiangwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Mingchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Arun Kumar Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
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Wenzel O, Rein V, Popescu R, Feldmann C, Gerthsen D. Structural Properties and ELNES of Polycrystalline and Nanoporous Mg 3N 2. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:102-111. [PMID: 31918774 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619015307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous, high-purity magnesium nitride (Mg3N2) was synthesized with a liquid ammonia-based process, for potential applications in optoelectronics, gas separation and catalysis, since these applications require high material purity and crystallinity, which has seldom been demonstrated in the past. One way to evaluate the degree of crystalline near-range order and atomic environment is electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a transmission electron microscope. However, there are hardly any data on Mg3N2, which makes identification of electron energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) features difficult. Therefore, we have studied nanoporous Mg3N2 with EELS in detail in comparison to EELS spectra of bulk Mg3N2, which was analyzed as a reference material. The N-K and Mg-K edges of both materials are similar. Despite having the same crystal structure, however, there are differences in fine-structural features, such as shifts and absences of peaks in the N-K and Mg-K edges of nanoporous Mg3N2. These differences in ELNES are attributed to coordination changes in nanoporous Mg3N2 caused by the significantly smaller crystallite size of 2-6 nm compared to the larger (25-125 nm) crystal size in a bulk material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wenzel
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy (LEM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 7, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Viktor Rein
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Radian Popescu
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy (LEM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 7, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy (LEM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 7, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany
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34
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Li H, Huang H, Wang Z, Zheng Z, Wang P, Liu Y, Zhang X, Qin X, Dai Y, Li Y, Zou H, Huang B. In situ extract nucleate sites for the growth of free-standing carbon nitride films on various substrates. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Guo F, Wang L, Sun H, Li M, Shi W. High-efficiency photocatalytic water splitting by a N-doped porous g-C3N4 nanosheet polymer photocatalyst derived from urea and N,N-dimethylformamide. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Doped porous g-C3N4 nanosheets for high-efficiency photocatalytic water splitting were prepared by mixing the precursor of N,N-dimethylformamide and urea through a simple one-step thermal copolymerization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- School of Energy and Power
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- PR China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Henan Engineering Center of New Energy Battery Materials
- Henan D&A Engineering Center of Advanced Battery Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shangqiu Normal University
- Shangqiu 476000
| | - Haoran Sun
- School of Energy and Power
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- PR China
| | - Mingyang Li
- School of Material science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- PR China
| | - Weilong Shi
- School of Material science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang
- PR China
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36
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Ben-Refael A, Benisti I, Paz Y. Transient photoinduced phenomena in graphitic carbon nitride as measured at nanoseconds resolution by step-scan FTIR. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Hayat A, Shaishta N, Mane SKB, Khan J, Hayat A. Rational Ionothermal Copolymerization of TCNQ with PCN Semiconductor for Enhanced Photocatalytic Full Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46756-46766. [PMID: 31762261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic full water splitting remains the perfect way to generate oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) gases driven by sunlight to address the future environmental issues as well as energy demands. Owing to its exceptional properties, polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has been one of the most widely investigated semiconductor photocatalysts. Nevertheless, blank PCN characteristically displays restrained photocatalytic performance due to high-density defects in its framework that may perhaps perform the part of the recombination midpoint for photoproduced electron-hole pairs. Therefore, to overcome this problem, a simple approach to introduce 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) with an electron-withdrawing characteristic modifier into the pristine PCN framework by the ionothermal method to enhance its optical, conductive, and photocatalytic properties has been undertaken. Results show that such integration of TCNQ results in the delocalization of the π-conjugated structure; significant changes in its chemical electronic configuration, band gap, and surface area; and enhanced production of electrons under visible light. As a result of this facile integration, our best sample (CNU-TCNQ9.0) produced a hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 164.6 μmol h-1 for H2 and an oxygen evolution rate (OER) of 14.8 μmol h-1 for O2, which were found to be 2.4- and 2.6-fold greater than those produced with pure carbon nitride (CNU) sample, respectively. Hence, this work provides a reasonable alternative method to synthesize and design novel CNU-TCNQ backbone photocatalyst for organic photosynthesis, CO2 reduction, hydrogen evolution, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Hayat
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350 002 , P. R. China
| | - Naghma Shaishta
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry , Gulbarga University , Gulbarga 585106 , India
| | - Sunil Kumar Baburao Mane
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry , Gulbarga University , Gulbarga 585106 , India
- School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510 275 , P. R. China
| | - Javid Khan
- School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510 275 , P. R. China
| | - Ashiq Hayat
- Department of Physics , Quaid Azam University , Islamabad 45320 , Pakistan
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38
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Paz Y. Transient IR spectroscopy as a tool for studying photocatalytic materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:503004. [PMID: 31469092 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab3eda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, a considerable amount of attention has been given to the thermodynamics of photocatalysts, i.e. to the location of their valence and conduction bands on the energy scale. The kinetics of the photoinduced charge carriers at short times (i.e. prior to their surface redox reactions) is no less important. While significant work on the transient electronic spectra of photocatalysts has been performed, the transient vibrational spectra of this class of materials was hardly studied. This manuscript aims to increase the scientific awareness to the potential of transient IR spectroscopy (TRIR) as a complementary tool for understanding the first, crucial, steps of photocatalytic processes in solid photocatalysts. This was done herein first by describing the various techniques currently in use for measuring transient IR signals of photo-excited systems and discussing their pros and cons. Then, a variety of examples is given, representing different types of photocatalysts such as oxides (TiO2, NaTaO3, BiOCl, BiVO4), photosensitized oxides (dye-sensitized TiO2), organic polymers (graphitic carbon nitride) and organo-metalic photocatalysts (rhenium bipyridyl complexes). These examples span from materials with no IR fingerprint signals (TiO2) to materials having a distinct spectrum showing well-defined, localized, relatively narrow, vibrational bands (carbon nitride). In choosing the given-above examples, care was made to represent the several pump & probe techniques that are applied when studying transient IR spectroscopy, namely dispersive, transient 2D-IR spectroscopy and step-scan IR spectroscopy. It is hoped that this short review will contribute to expanding the use of TRIR as a viable and important technique among the arsenal of tools struggling to solve the mysteries behind photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Paz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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39
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Wang Y, Phua SZF, Dong G, Liu X, He B, Zhai Q, Li Y, Zheng C, Quan H, Li Z, Zhao Y. Structure Tuning of Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Solar Energy Conversion: From Nano to Molecular Scale. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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40
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Liu G, Yan S, Shi L, Yao L. The Improvement of Photocatalysis H 2 Evolution Over g-C 3N 4 With Na and Cyano-Group Co-modification. Front Chem 2019; 7:639. [PMID: 31608273 PMCID: PMC6761803 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Na and cyano-group co-modified g-C3N4 was easily synthesized and its physicochemical property was completely analyzed. The results manifested that Na and cyano-group modification could heighten visible light absorbed ability and accelerate photoinduced charge separation. When resultant Na and cyano-group co-modified g-C3N4 was splitting water H2 evolution, its H2 evolution rate was obviously improved. Furthermore, it also kept excellent stable capacity of H2 evolution and stability of chemical structure. Hence, this present study does not only develop an efficient strategy to boost photocatalytic property of g-C3N4 based catalysts, but also provides useful guidance for designing more effective photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, China
| | - Song Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, China
| | - Lizhu Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, China
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41
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Fusion of conjugated bicyclic co-polymer within polymeric carbon nitride for high photocatalytic performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 554:627-639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Truong DH, Vo V, Van Gerven T, Leblebici ME. A Facile Method for the Synthesis of a MoS
2
/g‐C
3
N
4
Photocatalyst. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duy Huong Truong
- Quy Nhon UniversityDepartment of Chemistry 170 An Duong Vuong Quy Nhon city Binh Dinh Province Vietnam
- KU LeuvenProcess Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS)Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2424 3000 Leuven Flanders Belgium
| | - Vien Vo
- Quy Nhon UniversityDepartment of Chemistry 170 An Duong Vuong Quy Nhon city Binh Dinh Province Vietnam
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- KU LeuvenProcess Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS)Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2424 3000 Leuven Flanders Belgium
| | - Mumin Enis Leblebici
- KU LeuvenFaculty of Industrial Engineering Lab4U, Agoralaan Building B, Box 8 3590 Diepenbeek Flanders Belgium
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43
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Visible-light-driven N2-g-C3N4 as a highly stable and efficient photocatalyst for bisphenol A and Cr(VI) removal in binary systems. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Ou H, Tang C, Zhang Y, Asiri AM, Titirici MM, Wang X. Se-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets with improved photocatalytic activities. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Ge J, Zhang Y, Park SJ. Recent Advances in Carbonaceous Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performances: A Mini Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1916. [PMID: 31200594 PMCID: PMC6631926 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic processes based on various semiconductors have been widely utilized in different applications, with great potential for use in environmental pollution remediation and sustainable energy generation. However, critical issues, including low light adsorption capability, wide energy bandgap, and unsatisfactory physicochemical stability still seriously limit the practical applications of photocatalysts. As a solution, the introduction of carbonaceous materials with different structures and properties into a photocatalyst system to further increase the activity has attracted much research attention. This mini review surveys the related literatures and highlights recent progress in the development of carbonaceous photocatalysts, which include various metal semiconductors with activated carbon, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes/nanofibers, graphene, fullerene, and carbon sponges/aerogels. Moreover, graphitic carbon nitride is also discussed as a carbon-rich and metal-free photocatalyst. The recently developed synthesis strategies and proposed mechanisms underlying the photocatalytic activity enhancement for different applications are summarized and discussed. Finally, ongoing challenges and the developmental direction for carbonaceous photocatalysts are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Korea.
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46
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Enhanced photocatalytic performance of polymeric C3N4 doped with theobromine composed of an imidazole ring and a pyrimidine ring. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Zhu Y, Xiong C, Song S, Le Z, Jiang S. Coordination-driven synthesis of perfected π-conjugated graphitic carbon nitride with efficient charge transfer for oxygen activation and gas purification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 538:237-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Bellani S, Antognazza MR, Bonaccorso F. Carbon-Based Photocathode Materials for Solar Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801446. [PMID: 30221413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is considered a promising environmentally friendly energy carrier for replacing traditional fossil fuels. In this context, photoelectrochemical cells effectively convert solar energy directly to H2 fuel by water photoelectrolysis, thereby monolitically combining the functions of both light harvesting and electrolysis. In such devices, photocathodes and photoanodes carry out the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Here, the focus is on photocathodes for HER, traditionally based on metal oxides, III-V group and II-VI group semiconductors, silicon, and copper-based chalcogenides as photoactive material. Recently, carbon-based materials have emerged as reliable alternatives to the aforementioned materials. A perspective on carbon-based photocathodes is provided here, critically analyzing recent research progress and outlining the major guidelines for the development of efficient and stable photocathode architectures. In particular, the functional role of charge-selective and protective layers, which enhance both the efficiency and the durability of the photocathodes, is discussed. An in-depth evaluation of the state-of-the-art fabrication of photocathodes through scalable, high-troughput, cost-effective methods is presented. The major aspects on the development of light-trapping nanostructured architectures are also addressed. Finally, the key challenges on future research directions in terms of potential performance and manufacturability of photocathodes are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- BeDimensional Srl, via Albisola 121, 16163, Genova, Italy
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49
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Shan X, Ge G, Zhao Z. Fabrication of Tubular g‐C
3
N
4
with N‐Defects and Extended π‐Conjugated System for Promoted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Guifang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Zhongkui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
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50
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Chen Z, Fan T, Zhang Q, He J, Fan H, Sun Y, Yi X, Li J. Interface engineering: Surface hydrophilic regulation of LaFeO3 towards enhanced visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 536:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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