1
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Jiang N, Huang B, Wang M, Chen Y, Yu Q, Guan L. Universal and Energy-Efficient Approach to Synthesize Pt-Rare Earth Metal Alloys for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305110. [PMID: 37986658 PMCID: PMC10767455 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Traditional synthesis methods of platinum-rare earth metal (Pt-RE) alloys usually involve harsh conditions and high energy consumption because of the low standard reduction potentials and high oxophilicity of RE metals. In this work, a one-step strategy is developed by rapid Joule thermal-shock (RJTS) to synthesize Pt-RE alloys within tens of seconds. The method can not only realize the regulation of alloy size, but also a universal method for the preparation of a family of Pt-RE alloys (RE = Ce, La, Gd, Sm, Tb, Y). In addition, the energy consumption of the Pt-RE alloy preparation is only 0.052 kW h, which is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than other reported methods. This method allows individual Pt-RE alloy to be embedded in the carbon substrate, endowing the alloy catalyst excellent durability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The performance of alloy catalyst shows negligible decay after 20k accelerated durability testing (ADT) cycles. This strategy offers a new route to synthesize noble/non-noble metal alloys with diversified applications besides ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures & Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350000P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P.R. China
| | - Bing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures & Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350000P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P.R. China
| | - Minghao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures & Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350000P.R. China
| | - Yumo Chen
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene CenterTsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055P.R. China
| | - Qiangmin Yu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene CenterTsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055P.R. China
| | - Lunhui Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures & Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350000P.R. China
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2
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Petersen AS, Jensen KD, Wan H, Bagger A, Chorkendorff I, Stephens IEL, Rossmeisl J, Escudero-Escribano M. Modeling Anion Poisoning during Oxygen Reduction on Pt Near-Surface Alloys. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Kim D. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Hao Wan
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, 2.03b, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Rd., London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 312, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, 2.03b, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Rd., London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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3
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Xiang Q, Yan R, Gao G, Wang S. Electrooxidation of Methanol on PANI‐CeO
2
@Pt Catalysts. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Xiang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui, 230601 China
| | - Ruiwen Yan
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui, 230601 China
| | - Guiqi Gao
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui, 230601 China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui, 230601 China
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4
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Luo H, Yukuhiro VY, Fernández PS, Feng J, Thompson P, Rao RR, Cai R, Favero S, Haigh SJ, Durrant JR, Stephens IEL, Titirici MM. Role of Ni in PtNi Bimetallic Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen and Value-Added Chemicals Coproduction via Glycerol Electrooxidation. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14492-14506. [PMID: 36504912 PMCID: PMC9724082 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pt-based bimetallic electrocatalysts are promising candidates to convert surplus glycerol from the biodiesel industry to value-added chemicals and coproduce hydrogen. It is expected that the nature and content of the elements in the bimetallic catalyst can not only affect the reaction kinetics but also influence the product selectivity, providing a way to increase the yield of the desired products. Hence, in this work, we investigate the electrochemical oxidation of glycerol on a series of PtNi nanoparticles with increasing Ni content using a combination of physicochemical structural analysis, electrochemical measurements, operando spectroscopic techniques, and advanced product characterizations. With a moderate Ni content and a homogenously alloyed bimetallic Pt-Ni structure, the PtNi2 catalyst displayed the highest reaction activity among all materials studied in this work. In situ FTIR data show that PtNi2 can activate the glycerol molecule at a more negative potential (0.4 V RHE) than the other PtNi catalysts. In addition, its surface can effectively catalyze the complete C-C bond cleavage, resulting in lower CO poisoning and higher stability. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy suggest that glycerol adsorbs strongly onto surface Ni(OH) x sites, preventing their oxidation and activation of oxygen or hydroxyl from water. As such, we propose that the role of Ni in PtNi toward glycerol oxidation is to tailor the electronic structure of the pure Pt sites rather than a bifunctional mechanism. Our experiments provide guidance for the development of bimetallic catalysts toward highly efficient, selective, and stable glycerol oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington
Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Victor Y. Yukuhiro
- Chemistry
Institute and Center for Innovation on New Energies, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box
6154, São Paulo13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pablo S. Fernández
- Chemistry
Institute and Center for Innovation on New Energies, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box
6154, São Paulo13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jingyu Feng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington
Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.,School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, LondonE1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Paul Thompson
- XMaS
CRG, ESRF, 71 Avenue
des Martyrs, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Reshma R. Rao
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Rongsheng Cai
- School of
Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Silvia Favero
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington
Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Sarah J. Haigh
- School of
Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - James R. Durrant
- Centre
for Processable Electronics, Imperial College
London, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.,Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.,
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington
Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.,Advanced
Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi980-8577, Japan,
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5
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Campos‐Roldán CA, Jones DJ, Rozière J, Cavaliere S. Platinum-Rare Earth Alloy Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: A Brief Overview. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202200334. [PMID: 36605569 PMCID: PMC9804461 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly active and long-term stable electrocatalysts for the cathode of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is a paramount requirement for high performance and durable PEMFC stacks. In this regard, alloying Pt with rare earth metals (REM) has emerged as a promising approach. This short review summarizes and discusses the most relevant advances on Pt-REM alloy electrocatalysts, from bulk polycrystalline surfaces to carbon supported nanostructures, for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and their implementation in PEMFCs, and is a starting point to establish the challenges in synthesis and design and properties goals for novel Pt-REM alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah J. Jones
- ICGMUniv. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM34095Montpellier cedex 5France
| | - Jacques Rozière
- ICGMUniv. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM34095Montpellier cedex 5France
| | - Sara Cavaliere
- ICGMUniv. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM34095Montpellier cedex 5France,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)75231Paris cedex 05France
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6
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Guan C, Chen H, Feng H. Room-Temperature Synthesis of Sub-2 nm Ultrasmall Platinum-Rare-Earth Metal Nanoalloys for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13379-13385. [PMID: 35976031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To tune the activity of Pt alloy electrocatalysts and reduce the Pt loading, researchers have intensively studied alloys of Pt with late transition metals. However, Pt alloy formation with rare-earth (RE) elements through the traditional chemical route is still a challenge due to the vastly different standard reduction potentials. Here, we report a universal chemical method to prepare a series of Pt/RE (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Lu) nanoalloys with tunable compositions and ultrasmall particle sizes (sub-2 nm). These Pt-RE nanoalloys were synthesized by a strong liquid metal reduction with high-speed shearing assistance at room temperature. Among the nine Pt-RE alloy catalysts, the PtNd/C shows the best hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, stability, and durability compared to commercial Pt/C. The PtNd/C shows an overpotential of 25.9 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm2 with a Tafel slope of 19.5 mV/dec and excellent stability in the acidic medium. This work not only provides a general and scalable strategy for synthesizing noble metal-RE alloys but also highlights noble metal-RE alloys as sufficiently advanced catalysts and accelerates the research of noble metal-RE alloy in energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Guan
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongbin Feng
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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7
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Kluge RM, Psaltis E, Haid RW, Hou S, Schmidt TO, Schneider O, Garlyyev B, Calle-Vallejo F, Bandarenka AS. Revealing the Nature of Active Sites on Pt-Gd and Pt-Pr Alloys during the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19604-19613. [PMID: 35442013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For large-scale applications of hydrogen fuel cells, the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have to be overcome. So far, only platinum (Pt)-group catalysts have shown adequate performance and stability. A well-known approach to increase the efficiency and decrease the Pt loading is to alloy Pt with other metals. Still, for catalyst optimization, the nature of the active sites is crucial. In this work, electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) is used to probe the ORR active areas on Pt5Gd and Pt5Pr in acidic media under reaction conditions. The technique detects localized fluctuations in the EC-STM signal, which indicates differences in the local activity. The in situ experiments, supported by coordination-activity plots based on density functional theory calculations, show that the compressed Pt-lanthanide (111) terraces contribute the most to the overall activity. Sites with higher coordination, as found at the bottom of step edges or concavities, remain relatively inactive. Sites of lower coordination, as found near the top of step edges, show higher activity, presumably due to an interplay of strain and steric hindrance effects. These findings should be vital in designing nanostructured Pt-lanthanide electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Kluge
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Psaltis
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Richard W Haid
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shujin Hou
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Center TUM, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten O Schmidt
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Oliver Schneider
- Institut für Informatik VI, Technische Universität München, Schleißheimerstraße 90a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Batyr Garlyyev
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Physics & Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Physik-Department ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Center TUM, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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8
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Campos-Roldán CA, Pailloux F, Blanchard PY, Jones DJ, Rozière J, Cavaliere S. Enhancing the activity and stability of carbon-supported platinum-gadolinium nanoalloys towards the oxygen reduction reaction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:26-29. [PMID: 35028504 PMCID: PMC8691364 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00740h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The activity/stability towards the ORR of Pt x Gd/C nanoalloys has been enhanced by controlling the atmosphere during the dealloying process. By minimising the formation of porous nanoarchitectures, the ORR activity is increased, and is accompanied by higher activity retention and attenuation of metal dissolution on cycling to high voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Campos-Roldán
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34095 Montpellier Cédex 5 France
| | - F Pailloux
- Institut P', CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE, ENSMA, UPR 3346 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Site du Futuroscope, TSA 41123 86073 Poitiers Cédex 9 France
| | - P-Y Blanchard
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34095 Montpellier Cédex 5 France
| | - D J Jones
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34095 Montpellier Cédex 5 France
| | - J Rozière
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34095 Montpellier Cédex 5 France
| | - S Cavaliere
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 34095 Montpellier Cédex 5 France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) 1 Rue Descartes 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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9
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Campos-Roldán CA, Pailloux F, Blanchard PY, Jones DJ, Rozière J, Cavaliere S. Rational Design of Carbon-Supported Platinum–Gadolinium Nanoalloys for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Pailloux
- Institut P’, CNRS−Université de Poitiers−ISAE-ENSMA−UPR 3346, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Site du Futuroscope, TSA 41123, 86073 Poitiers Cédex 9, France
| | | | - Deborah J. Jones
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jacques Rozière
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sara Cavaliere
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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10
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Enhanced oxygen reduction activity with rare earth metal alloy catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Xu S, Wang Z, Dull S, Liu Y, Lee DU, Lezama Pacheco JS, Orazov M, Vullum PE, Dadlani AL, Vinogradova O, Schindler P, Tam Q, Schladt TD, Mueller JE, Kirsch S, Huebner G, Higgins D, Torgersen J, Viswanathan V, Jaramillo TF, Prinz FB. Direct Integration of Strained-Pt Catalysts into Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells with Atomic Layer Deposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007885. [PMID: 34110653 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design and fabrication of lattice-strained platinum catalysts achieved by removing a soluble core from a platinum shell synthesized via atomic layer deposition, is reported. The remarkable catalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), measured in both half-cell and full-cell configurations, is attributed to the observed lattice strain. By further optimizing the nanoparticle geometry and ionomer/carbon interactions, mass activity close to 0.8 A mgPt -1 @0.9 V iR-free is achievable in the membrane electrode assembly. Nevertheless, active catalysts with high ORR activity do not necessarily lead to high performance in the high-current-density (HCD) region. More attention shall be directed toward HCD performance for enabling high-power-density hydrogen fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhaoxuan Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sam Dull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dong Un Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Marat Orazov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Anup Lal Dadlani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Olga Vinogradova
- Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Peter Schindler
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qizhan Tam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Drew Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Jan Torgersen
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan
- Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | | - Fritz B Prinz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
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12
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Itahara H, Takahashi N, Kosaka S, Takatani Y, Inaba M, Kamitaka Y. Eutectic salt mixture-assisted sodium-vapor-induced synthesis of Pt-Ca nanoparticles, and their microstructural and electrocatalytic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4279-4282. [PMID: 33913973 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have fabricated Pt-Ca nanoparticles with oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity via a sodium vapor-induced synthesis method. Prior addition of NaCl to form a eutectic mixture of CaCl2 and NaCl facilitated the formation of intermetallic Pt2Ca nanoparticles. Pt3Mg and Pt5Sr nanoparticles also were suggested to be producible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Itahara
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
| | - Naoko Takahashi
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
| | - Satoru Kosaka
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Takatani
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
| | - Masanori Inaba
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kamitaka
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan.
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13
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Zhang S, Saji SE, Yin Z, Zhang H, Du Y, Yan CH. Rare-Earth Incorporated Alloy Catalysts: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005988. [PMID: 33709501 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve the performance of metallic catalysts, alloying provides an efficient methodology to design state-of-the-art materials. As emerging functional materials, rare-earth metal compounds can integrate the unique orbital structure and catalytic behavior of rare earth elements into metallic materials. Such rare-earth containing alloy catalysts proffer an opportunity to tailor electronic properties, tune charged carrier transport, and synergize surface reactivity, which are expected to significantly improve the performance and stability of catalysis. Despite its significance, there are only few reviews on rare earth containing alloys or related topics. This review summarizes the composition, synthesis, and applications of rare earth containing alloys in the field of catalysis. Subsequent to comprehensively summarizing and constructively discussing the existing work, the challenges and possibilities of future research on rare-earth metal compound materials are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Sandra Elizabeth Saji
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Zongyou Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yaping Du
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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14
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Sievers GW, Jensen AW, Quinson J, Zana A, Bizzotto F, Oezaslan M, Dworzak A, Kirkensgaard JJK, Smitshuysen TEL, Kadkhodazadeh S, Juelsholt M, Jensen KMØ, Anklam K, Wan H, Schäfer J, Čépe K, Escudero-Escribano M, Rossmeisl J, Quade A, Brüser V, Arenz M. Self-supported Pt-CoO networks combining high specific activity with high surface area for oxygen reduction. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:208-213. [PMID: 32839587 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Several concepts for platinum-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are presented that exceed the US Department of Energy targets for Pt-related ORR mass activity. Most concepts achieve their high ORR activity by increasing the Pt specific activity at the expense of a lower electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). In the potential region controlled by kinetics, such a lower ECSA is counterbalanced by the high specific activity. At higher overpotentials, however, which are often applied in real systems, a low ECSA leads to limitations in the reaction rate not by kinetics, but by mass transport. Here we report on self-supported platinum-cobalt oxide networks that combine a high specific activity with a high ECSA. The high ECSA is achieved by a platinum-cobalt oxide bone nanostructure that exhibits unprecedentedly high mass activity for self-supported ORR catalysts. This concept promises a stable fuel-cell operation at high temperature, high current density and low humidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav W Sievers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Anders W Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Zana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bizzotto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Technical Electrocatalysis Laboratory, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dworzak
- Department of Chemistry, School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Technical Electrocatalysis Laboratory, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jacob J K Kirkensgaard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mikkel Juelsholt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Anklam
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hao Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Schäfer
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klára Čépe
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antje Quade
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Volker Brüser
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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15
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Itahara H, Takatani Y, Takahashi N, Kosaka S. Sodium Vapor-Induced Synthesis of Intermetallic Pt 5Ce Compound Nanoparticles. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13583-13588. [PMID: 32882132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a synthetic route that uses sodium for the production of intermetallic Pt5Ce nanoparticles (ca. 6 nm average diameter) supported on carbon powder. Sodium melt was demonstrated to reduce a powder mixture of PtCl2 and CeCl3 to form submicrometer Pt5Ce particles with the simultaneous formation of NaCl. The NaCl-CeCl3 melt mixture and Na melt were formed during heating, which led to a uniform reaction between Pt and Ce, and the melt induced grain growth. The synthetic procedures were then modified to supply sodium vapor to the vicinity of the metal sources supported on carbon powder with an aim to suppress grain growth. Pt5Ce nanoparticles were successfully formed on the carbon support with high loading and dispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Itahara
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takatani
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Naoko Takahashi
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Satoru Kosaka
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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16
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The enhanced activity of Pt-Ce nanoalloy for oxygen electroreduction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14837. [PMID: 32908219 PMCID: PMC7481784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for clean energy source require significant reductions in the amount of expensive electrocatalyst Pt for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Pt based binary alloys are promising materials for more active and stable electrocatalysts. In this paper, we studied Pt–Ce nanoalloy, which was prepared by hydrogen reduction techniques as ORR electrocatalysts. Among all PtCe alloy catalysts, the PtCe/C-800 ℃ shows superior ORR activity, stability and durability compared to commercial Pt/C. The results presented in this paper will provide the future perspectives to research based on Pt-RE (RE = Ce, Dy, Gd, Er, Sm, and La) alloy as an novel electrocatalyst for various electrocatalytic reactions.
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17
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X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Investigation of Platinum–Gadolinium Thin Films with Different Stoichiometry for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10090978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alloys of platinum and lanthanides present a remarkable activity for the oxygen reduction reaction—both in the form of extended surfaces and nanoparticulate catalysts. Co-sputter-deposited thin film catalysts based on platinum and gadolinium show great oxygen reduction activity improvement over pure Pt. The sputter-deposition technique represents a viable and versatile approach for investigating model catalyst systems with different compositions. In this work, co-sputtered Pt5Gd and Pt7.5Gd thin films were investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy as well as standardized electrochemical techniques. These investigations revealed the importance of forming alloys with specific stoichiometry, supporting the need of forming compressively strained Pt overlayers in order to achieve optimum catalytic performances.
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18
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Sandbeck DJS, Secher NM, Speck FD, Sørensen JE, Kibsgaard J, Chorkendorff I, Cherevko S. Particle Size Effect on Platinum Dissolution: Considerations for Accelerated Stability Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. S. Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niklas Mørch Secher
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Florian D. Speck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Wan H, Jensen AW, Escudero-Escribano M, Rossmeisl J. Insights in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: From Metallic Electrocatalysts to Diporphyrins. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wan
- Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders W. Jensen
- Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Hu Y, Jensen JO, Cleemann LN, Brandes BA, Li Q. Synthesis of Pt–Rare Earth Metal Nanoalloys. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:953-961. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 310, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Oluf Jensen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 310, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Nilausen Cleemann
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 310, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benedikt Axel Brandes
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 310, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 310, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Trindell JA, Duan Z, Henkelman G, Crooks RM. Well-Defined Nanoparticle Electrocatalysts for the Refinement of Theory. Chem Rev 2019; 120:814-850. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Trindell
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Zhiyao Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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22
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Xie C, Niu Z, Kim D, Li M, Yang P. Surface and Interface Control in Nanoparticle Catalysis. Chem Rev 2019; 120:1184-1249. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Niu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dohyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mufan Li
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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23
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Kim C, Dionigi F, Beermann V, Wang X, Möller T, Strasser P. Alloy Nanocatalysts for the Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction (ORR) and the Direct Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction (CO 2 RR). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805617. [PMID: 30570788 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the face of the global energy challenge and progressing global climate change, renewable energy systems and components, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, which close the energetic oxygen and carbon cycles, have become a technology development priority. The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the direct electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2 RR) are important electrocatalytic processes that proceed at gas diffusion electrodes of hydrogen fuel cells and CO2 electrolyzers, respectively. However, their low catalytic activity (voltage efficiency), limited long-term stability, and moderate product selectivity (related to their Faradaic efficiency) have remained challenges. To address these, suitable catalysts are required. This review addresses the current state of research on Pt-based and Cu-based nanoalloy electrocatalysts for ORR and CO2 RR, respectively, and critically compares and contrasts key performance parameters such as activity, selectivity, and durability. In particular, Pt nanoparticles alloyed with transition metals, post-transition metals and lanthanides, are discussed, as well as the material characterization and their performance for the ORR. Then, bimetallic Cu nanoalloy catalysts are reviewed and organized according to their main reaction product generated by the second metal. This review concludes with a perspective on nanoalloy catalysts for the ORR and the CO2 RR, and proposes future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheonghee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabio Dionigi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Beermann
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xingli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Möller
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Wei C, Rao RR, Peng J, Huang B, Stephens IEL, Risch M, Xu ZJ, Shao-Horn Y. Recommended Practices and Benchmark Activity for Hydrogen and Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Water Splitting and Fuel Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806296. [PMID: 30656754 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage by making H2 an energy carrier from water splitting relies on four elementary reactions, i.e., the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, the central objective is to recommend systematic protocols for activity measurements of these four reactions and benchmark activities for comparison, which is critical to facilitate the research and development of catalysts with high activity and stability. Details for the electrochemical cell setup, measurements, and data analysis used to quantify the kinetics of the HER, HOR, OER, and ORR in acidic and basic solutions are provided, and examples of state-of-the-art specific and mass activity of catalysts to date are given. First, the experimental setup is discussed to provide common guidelines for these reactions, including the cell design, reference electrode selection, counter electrode concerns, and working electrode preparation. Second, experimental protocols, including data collection and processing such as ohmic- and background-correction and catalyst surface area estimation, and practice for testing and comparing different classes of catalysts are recommended. Lastly, the specific and mass activity activities of some state-of-the-art catalysts are benchmarked to facilitate the comparison of catalyst activity for these four reactions across different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Reshma R Rao
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jiayu Peng
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Botao Huang
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marcel Risch
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhichuan J Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, NEW-CREATE Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Techno-logical Enterprise (CREATE), 138602, Singapore
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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25
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Zhao Z, Chen C, Liu Z, Huang J, Wu M, Liu H, Li Y, Huang Y. Pt-Based Nanocrystal for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808115. [PMID: 31183932 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Pt-based electrocatalysts are adopted in the practical proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which converts the energy stored in hydrogen and oxygen into electrical power. However, the broad implementation of the PEMFC, like replacing the internal combustion engine in the present automobile fleet, sets a requirement for less Pt loading compared to current devices. In principle, the requirement needs the Pt-based catalyst to be more active and stable. Two main strategies, engineering of the electronic (d-band) structure (including controlling surface facet, tuning surface composition, and engineering surface strain) and optimizing the reactant adsorption sites are discussed and categorized based on the fundamental working principle. In addition, general routes for improving the electrochemical surface area, which improves activity normalized by the unit mass of precious group metal/platinum group metal, and stability of the electrocatalyst are also discussed. Furthermore, the recent progress of full fuel cell tests of novel electrocatalysts is summarized. It is suggested that a better understanding of the reactant/intermediate adsorption, electron transfer, and desorption occurring at the electrolyte-electrode interface is necessary to fully comprehend these electrified surface reactions, and standardized membrane electrode assembly (MEA) testing protocols should be practiced, and data with full parameters detailed, for reliable evaluation of catalyst functions in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Changli Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zeyan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Menghao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haotian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yujing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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26
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Garlyyev B, Fichtner J, Piqué O, Schneider O, Bandarenka AS, Calle-Vallejo F. Revealing the nature of active sites in electrocatalysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8060-8075. [PMID: 31857876 PMCID: PMC6844223 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous electrocatalysis plays a central role in the development of sustainable, carbon-neutral pathways for energy provision and the production of various chemicals. It determines the overall efficiency of electrochemical devices that involve catalysis at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In this perspective, we discuss key aspects for the identification of active centers at the surface of electrocatalysts and important factors that influence them. The role of the surface structure, nanoparticle shape/size and the electrolyte composition in the resulting catalytic performance is of particular interest in this work. We highlight challenges that from our point of view need to be tackled, and provide guidelines for the design of "real life" electrocatalysts for renewable energy provision systems as well as for the production of industrially important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batyr Garlyyev
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany .
| | - Johannes Fichtner
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany .
| | - Oriol Piqué
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Fisica , Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain .
| | - Oliver Schneider
- Electrochemical Research Group , Technische Universität München , Schleißheimerstraße 90a , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center , TUM , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Fisica , Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain .
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27
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Liu M, Zhao Z, Duan X, Huang Y. Nanoscale Structure Design for High-Performance Pt-Based ORR Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802234. [PMID: 30561854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are of considerable interest for direct chemical-to-electrical energy conversion and may represent an ultimate solution for mobile power supply. However, PEMFCs today are primarily limited by the sluggish kinetics of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which requires a significant amount of Pt-based catalyst with a substantial contribution to the overall cost. Hence, promoting the activity and stability of the needed catalyst and minimizing the amount of Pt loaded are central to reducing the cost of PEMFCs for commercial deployment. Considerable efforts have been devoted to improving the catalytic performance of Pt-based ORR catalysts, including the development of various Pt nanostructures with tunable sizes and chemical compositions, controlled shapes with selectively displayed crystallographic surfaces, tailored surface strains, surface doping, geometry engineering, and interface engineering. Herein, a brief introduction of some fundamentals of fuel cells and ORR catalysts with performance metrics is provided, followed by a detailed description of a series of strategies for pushing the limit of high-performance Pt-based catalysts. A brief perspective and new insights on the remaining challenges and future directions of Pt-based ORR catalysts for fuel cells are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Zipeng Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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28
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Lozano T, Rankin RB. Computational predictive design for metal-decorated-graphene size-specific subnanometer to nanometer ORR catalysts. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Escudero-Escribano M, Pedersen AF, Ulrikkeholm ET, Jensen KD, Hansen MH, Rossmeisl J, Stephens IEL, Chorkendorff I. Active-Phase Formation and Stability of Gd/Pt(111) Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction: An In Situ Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction Study. Chemistry 2018; 24:12280-12290. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis; Stanford University; 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Anders F. Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Elisabeth T. Ulrikkeholm
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kim D. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Martin H. Hansen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis; Stanford University; 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London, 2.03b, Royal School of Mines; Prince Consort Rd London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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30
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Roy C, Knudsen BP, Pedersen CM, Velázquez-Palenzuela A, Christensen LH, Damsgaard CD, Stephens IEL, Chorkendorff I. Scalable Synthesis of Carbon-Supported Platinum–Lanthanide and −Rare-Earth Alloys for Oxygen Reduction. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Roy
- Surface
Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Brian P. Knudsen
- Surface
Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoffer M. Pedersen
- Surface
Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Center
for Nano- and Micro technology, Danish Technological Institute (DTI), Gregersenvej, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Amado Velázquez-Palenzuela
- Surface
Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Center
for Nano- and Micro technology, Danish Technological Institute (DTI), Gregersenvej, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Leif H. Christensen
- Center
for Nano- and Micro technology, Danish Technological Institute (DTI), Gregersenvej, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Christian Danvad Damsgaard
- Center
for Electron Nanoscopy, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Surface
Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Surface
Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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31
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Niu Y, Schlexer P, Sebok B, Chorkendorff I, Pacchioni G, Palmer RE. Reduced sintering of mass-selected Au clusters on SiO 2 by alloying with Ti: an aberration-corrected STEM and computational study. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2363-2370. [PMID: 29328339 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06323g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Au nanoparticles represent the most remarkable example of a size effect in heterogeneous catalysis. However, a major issue hindering the use of Au nanoparticles in technological applications is their rapid sintering. We explore the potential of stabilizing Au nanoclusters on SiO2 by alloying them with a reactive metal, Ti. Mass-selected Au/Ti clusters (400 000 amu) and Au2057 clusters (405 229 amu) were produced with a magnetron sputtering, gas condensation cluster beam source in conjunction with a lateral time-of-flight mass filter, deposited onto a silica support and characterised by XPS and LEIS. The sintering dynamics of mass-selected Au and Au/Ti alloy nanoclusters were investigated in real space and real time with atomic resolution aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM imaging, supported by model DFT calculations. A strong anchoring effect was revealed in the case of the Au/Ti clusters, because of a much increased local interaction with the support (by a factor 5 in the simulations), which strongly inhibits sintering, especially when the clusters are more than ∼0.60 nm apart. Heating the clusters at 100 °C for 1 h in a mixture of O2 and CO, to simulate CO oxidation conditions, led to some segregation in the Au/Ti clusters, but in line with the model computational investigation, Au atoms were still present on the surface. Thus size-selected, deposited nanoalloy Au/Ti clusters appear to be promising candidates for sustainable gold-based nanocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubiao Niu
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
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32
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Cheng T, Goddard WA, An Q, Xiao H, Merinov B, Morozov S. Mechanism and kinetics of the electrocatalytic reaction responsible for the high cost of hydrogen fuel cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:2666-2673. [PMID: 28067933 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08055c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a major impediment to the economic use of hydrogen fuel cells in transportation. In this work, we report the full ORR reaction mechanism for Pt(111) based on Quantum Mechanics (QM) based Reactive metadynamics (RμD) simulations including explicit water to obtain free energy reaction barriers at 298 K. The lowest energy pathway for 4 e- water formation is: first, *OOH formation; second, *OOH reduction to H2O and O*; third, O* hydrolysis using surface water to produce two *OH and finally *OH hydration to water. Water formation is the rate-determining step (RDS) for potentials above 0.87 Volt, the normal operating range. Considering the Eley-Rideal (ER) mechanism involving protons from the solvent, we predict the free energy reaction barrier at 298 K for water formation to be 0.25 eV for an external potential below U = 0.87 V and 0.41 eV at U = 1.23 V, in good agreement with experimental values of 0.22 eV and 0.44 eV, respectively. With the mechanism now fully understood, we can use this now validated methodology to examine the changes upon alloying and surface modifications to increase the rate by reducing the barrier for water formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | - Qi An
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | - Hai Xiao
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | - Boris Merinov
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | - Sergey Morozov
- South Ural State University Lenina, 76, Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia.
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33
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Xu S, Kim Y, Higgins D, Yusuf M, Jaramillo TF, Prinz FB. Building upon the Koutecky-Levich Equation for Evaluation of Next-Generation Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Seh ZW, Kibsgaard J, Dickens CF, Chorkendorff I, Nørskov JK, Jaramillo TF. Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design. Science 2017; 355:355/6321/eaad4998. [PMID: 28082532 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3979] [Impact Index Per Article: 568.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis plays a central role in clean energy conversion, enabling a number of sustainable processes for future technologies. This review discusses design strategies for state-of-the-art heterogeneous electrocatalysts and associated materials for several different electrochemical transformations involving water, hydrogen, and oxygen, using theory as a means to rationalize catalyst performance. By examining the common principles that govern catalysis for different electrochemical reactions, we describe a systematic framework that clarifies trends in catalyzing these reactions, serving as a guide to new catalyst development while highlighting key gaps that need to be addressed. We conclude by extending this framework to emerging clean energy reactions such as hydrogen peroxide production, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen reduction, where the development of improved catalysts could allow for the sustainable production of a broad range of fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Seh
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Colin F Dickens
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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35
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Benchmarking Pt and Pt-lanthanide sputtered thin films for oxygen electroreduction: fabrication and rotating disk electrode measurements. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Solař P, Polonskyi O, Olbricht A, Hinz A, Shelemin A, Kylián O, Choukourov A, Faupel F, Biederman H. Single-step generation of metal-plasma polymer multicore@shell nanoparticles from the gas phase. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8514. [PMID: 28819149 PMCID: PMC5561131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles composed of multiple silver cores and a plasma polymer shell (multicore@shell) were prepared in a single step with a gas aggregation cluster source operating with Ar/hexamethyldisiloxane mixtures and optionally oxygen. The size distribution of the metal inclusions as well as the chemical composition and the thickness of the shells were found to be controlled by the composition of the working gas mixture. Shell matrices ranging from organosilicon plasma polymer to nearly stoichiometric SiO2 were obtained. The method allows facile fabrication of multicore@shell nanoparticles with tailored functional properties, as demonstrated here with the optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Solař
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Prague, 182 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Oleksandr Polonskyi
- Kiel University, Faculty of Engineering, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ansgar Olbricht
- Kiel University, Faculty of Engineering, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Kiel University, Faculty of Engineering, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Artem Shelemin
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Prague, 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kylián
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Prague, 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - Andrei Choukourov
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Prague, 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - Franz Faupel
- Kiel University, Faculty of Engineering, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hynek Biederman
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Macromolecular Physics, Prague, 182 00, Czech Republic
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37
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Le Bacq O, Pasturel A, Chattot R, Previdello B, Nelayah J, Asset T, Dubau L, Maillard F. Effect of Atomic Vacancies on the Structure and the Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt-rich/C Nanoparticles: A Combined Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Le Bacq
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SIMAP; F-38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS, SIMAP; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Alain Pasturel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SIMAP; F-38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS, SIMAP; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Raphaël Chattot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI; F-38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS, LEPMI; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Bruno Previdello
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos; University of São Paulo, CP 780; CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Jaysen Nelayah
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162; 75013 Paris France
| | - Tristan Asset
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI; F-38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS, LEPMI; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI; F-38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS, LEPMI; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI; F-38000 Grenoble France
- CNRS, LEPMI; F-38000 Grenoble France
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38
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New Platinum Alloy Catalysts for Oxygen Electroreduction Based on Alkaline Earth Metals. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Kanady JS, Leidinger P, Haas A, Titlbach S, Schunk S, Schierle-Arndt K, Crumlin EJ, Wu CH, Alivisatos AP. Synthesis of Pt 3Y and Other Early-Late Intermetallic Nanoparticles by Way of a Molten Reducing Agent. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5672-5675. [PMID: 28353348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Early-late intermetallic phases have garnered increased attention recently for their catalytic properties. To achieve the high surface areas needed for industrially relevant applications, these phases must be synthesized as nanoparticles in a scalable fashion. Herein, Pt3Y-targeted as a prototypical example of an early-late intermetallic-has been synthesized as nanoparticles approximately 5-20 nm in diameter via a solution process and characterized by XRD, TEM, EDS, and XPS. The key development is the use of a molten borohydride (MEt3BH, M = Na, K) as both the reducing agent and reaction medium. Readily available halide precursors of the two metals are used. Accordingly, no organic ligands are necessary, as the resulting halide salt byproduct prevents sintering, which further permits dispersion of the nanoscale intermetallic onto a support. The versatility of this approach was validated by the synthesis of other intermetallic phases such as Pt3Sc, Pt3Lu, Pt2Na, and Au2Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Kanady
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,California Research Alliance by BASF, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | | | - Sven Titlbach
- hte GmbH - a subsidiary of BASF , 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schunk
- hte GmbH - a subsidiary of BASF , 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schierle-Arndt
- California Research Alliance by BASF, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,BASF SE , 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Ethan J Crumlin
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cheng Hao Wu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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40
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Dubau L, Nelayah J, Asset T, Chattot R, Maillard F. Implementing Structural Disorder as a Promising Direction for Improving the Stability of PtNi/C Nanoparticles. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Dubau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jaysen Nelayah
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité,
CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques,
UMR 7162, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Tristan Asset
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Raphaël Chattot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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41
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Mezzavilla S, Baldizzone C, Swertz AC, Hodnik N, Pizzutilo E, Polymeros G, Keeley GP, Knossalla J, Heggen M, Mayrhofer KJJ, Schüth F. Structure–Activity–Stability Relationships for Space-Confined PtxNiy Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mezzavilla
- Department
of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Claudio Baldizzone
- Department
of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Swertz
- Department
of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department
of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Enrico Pizzutilo
- Department
of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - George Polymeros
- Department
of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gareth P. Keeley
- Department
of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Knossalla
- Department
of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst
Ruska Center for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungzentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl J. J. Mayrhofer
- Department
of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Department
of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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42
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Temmel SE, Fabbri E, Pergolesi D, Lippert T, Schmidt TJ. Investigating the Role of Strain toward the Oxygen Reduction Activity on Model Thin Film Pt Catalysts. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E. Temmel
- Energy & Environment Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | - Emiliana Fabbri
- Energy & Environment Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Pergolesi
- Energy & Environment Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lippert
- Energy & Environment Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Energy & Environment Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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43
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Escudero-Escribano M, Malacrida P, Hansen MH, Vej-Hansen UG, Velazquez-Palenzuela A, Tripkovic V, Schiotz J, Rossmeisl J, Stephens IEL, Chorkendorff I. Tuning the activity of Pt alloy electrocatalysts by means of the lanthanide contraction. Science 2016; 352:73-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad8892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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44
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Vej-Hansen UG, Rossmeisl J, Stephens IEL, Schiøtz J. Correlation between diffusion barriers and alloying energy in binary alloys. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3302-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04694g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the notion that a negative alloying energy may act as a descriptor for long term stability of Pt-alloys as cathode catalysts in low temperature fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Grønbjerg Vej-Hansen
- DNRF Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF)
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design (CAMD)
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- DNRF Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF)
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Jakob Schiøtz
- DNRF Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF)
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
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45
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Ulrikkeholm ET, Hansen MH, Rossmeisl J, Chorkendorff I. Investigating the coverage dependent behaviour of CO on Gd/Pt(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:29732-29739. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04575h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coverage dependent behaviour of CO on a strained Pt surface has been studied using in ultra high vacuum and using density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Therese Ulrikkeholm
- Department of Physics
- Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Martin Hangaard Hansen
- Department of Physics
- Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry
- Nano-Science Center
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics
- Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
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Pedersen CM, Escudero-Escribano M, Velázquez-Palenzuela A, Christensen LH, Chorkendorff I, Stephens IE. Benchmarking Pt-based electrocatalysts for low temperature fuel cell reactions with the rotating disk electrode: oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation in the presence of CO (review article). Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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