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Yang Y, Miao C, Wang R, Zhang R, Li X, Wang J, Wang X, Yao J. Advances in morphology-controlled alumina and its supported Pd catalysts: synthesis and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5014-5053. [PMID: 38600823 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00776f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Alumina materials, as one of the cornerstones of the modern chemical industry, possess physical and chemical properties that include excellent mechanical strength and structure stability, which also make them highly suitable as catalyst supports. Alumina-supported Pd-based catalysts with the advantages of exceptional catalytic performance, flexible regulated surface metal/acid sites, and good regeneration ability have been widely used in many traditional chemical industry fields and have also shown great application prospects in emerging fields. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in alumina and its supported Pd-based catalysts. Specifically, the synthesis strategies, morphology transformation mechanisms, and structural properties of alumina with various morphologies are comprehensively summarized and discussed in-depth. Then, the preparation approaches of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts (impregnation, precipitation, and other emerging methods), as well as the metal-support interactions (MSIs), are revisited. Moreover, Some promising applications have been chosen as representative reactions in fine chemicals, environmental purification, and sustainable development fields to highlight the universal functionality of the alumina-supported Pd-based catalysts. The role of the Pd species, alumina support, promoters, and metal-support interactions in the enhancement of catalytic performance are also discussed. Finally, some challenges and upcoming opportunities in the academic and industrial application of the alumina and its supported Pd-based are presented and put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Yang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Chenglin Miao
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Jieguang Wang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China.
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 51031, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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Wang C, Hai X, Li J, Liu Y, Yu X, Zhao Y. Investigation of Ni-Cu-acid multifunctional synergism in NiCu-phyllosilicate catalysts toward the 1,4-butynediol hydrogenation to 1,4-butanediol. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17981-17992. [PMID: 37982647 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03076h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
We studied the Ni-Cu-acid multifunctional synergism in NiCu-phyllosilicate catalysts toward 1,4-butynediol hydrogenation to 1,4-butanediol by varying the reduction temperature, which can activate different bimetal and support interactions. Compared with a monometallic Ni phyllosilicate (phy), which only showed one type of metal species when reduced at ∼750 °C, there are three types of metal species for the bimetallic Ni-Cu-phyllosilicate derived catalysts, namely Cuphy, differentiated Ni, and Niphy. Thorough structure-activity/selectivity correlation investigations showed that, although the Ni9Cu1-P catalyst matrix can produce tiny amounts of differentiated Ni0 species under the induction of reduced Cu0 at R250 condition, it could not form Ni-Cu bimetallic interactions for the collaborative hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol, and the product stays in the semi hydrogenated state. When the reduction temperature is raised to 500 °C, stable Ni-Cu alloy active sites exist, accompanied by the strong metal support interaction and metal acid effect derived from the intimate contact between the extracted metal sites and the surviving functional phyllosilicate support; these functionalities yield a supreme hydrogenation performance of the R500 sample with a 1,4-butanediol yield larger than 91.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Fine Chemicals, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Xueqing Hai
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Fine Chemicals, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Fine Chemicals, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Fine Chemicals, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Xiaosheng Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Fine Chemicals, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Fine Chemicals, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Ye R, Huang YY, Chen CC, Yao YG, Fan M, Zhou Z. Emerging catalysts for the ambient synthesis of ethylene glycol from CO 2 and its derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2711-2725. [PMID: 36752126 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene glycol (EG), a useful chemical raw material, has been widely applied in many aspects of modern society. The conventional preparation of ethylene glycol mainly uses the petroleum route at high temperatures and pressure. More and more approaches have been developed to synthesize EG from CO2 and its derivatives under mild conditions. In this review, the ambient synthesis of EG from thermocatalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis is highlighted. The coal-to-ethylene glycol technology, one of the typical thermal catalysis routes for EG preparation, is relatively mature. However, it still faces some problems to be solved in industrialization. The recent progress in the development of coal-to-ethylene glycol technology is introduced. The main focus is on how to realize the preparation of EG under mild conditions. The strategies include doping promoters, modification of supports, design of catalysts with special structures, etc. Furthermore, the emerging technological progress of photocatalytic and electrocatalytic ethylene glycol synthesis under ambient conditions is introduced. Compared with the thermal catalytic reaction, the reaction conditions are milder. However, there are still many problems in large-scale production. Finally, we propose future development issues and related prospects for the ambient synthesis of EG using different catalytic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Chong-Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China. .,College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Gen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Maohong Fan
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA. .,College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Zhangfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.
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Fan Y, Wang F, Li R, Liu C, Fu Q. Surface Hydroxyl-Determined Migration and Anchoring of Silver on Alumina in Oxidative Redispersion. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Fan
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rongtan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Morales MV, Conesa JM, Galvin AJ, Guerrero-Ruiz A, Rodríguez-Ramos I. Selective hydrogenation reactions of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over Cu and Ni catalysts in water: effect of Cu and Ni combination and the reagent purity. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Advanced Strategies for Stabilizing Single-Atom Catalysts for Energy Storage and Conversion. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWell-defined atomically dispersed metal catalysts (or single-atom catalysts) have been widely studied to fundamentally understand their catalytic mechanisms, improve the catalytic efficiency, increase the abundance of active components, enhance the catalyst utilization, and develop cost-effective catalysts to effectively reduce the usage of noble metals. Such single-atom catalysts have relatively higher selectivity and catalytic activity with maximum atom utilization due to their unique characteristics of high metal dispersion and a low-coordination environment. However, freestanding single atoms are thermodynamically unstable, such that during synthesis and catalytic reactions, they inevitably tend to agglomerate to reduce the system energy associated with their large surface areas. Therefore, developing innovative strategies to stabilize single-atom catalysts, including mass-separated soft landing, one-pot pyrolysis, co-precipitation, impregnation, atomic layer deposition, and organometallic complexation, is critically needed. Many types of supporting materials, including polymers, have been commonly used to stabilize single atoms in these fabrication techniques. Herein, we review the stabilization strategies of single-atom catalyst, including different synthesis methods, specific metals and carriers, specific catalytic reactions, and their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, this review focuses on the application of polymers in the synthesis and stabilization of single-atom catalysts, including their functions as carriers for metal single atoms, synthetic templates, encapsulation agents, and protection agents during the fabrication process. The technical challenges that are currently faced by single-atom catalysts are summarized, and perspectives related to future research directions including catalytic mechanisms, enhancement of the catalyst loading content, and large-scale implementation are proposed to realize their practical applications.
Graphical Abstract
Single-atom catalysts are characterized by high metal dispersibility, weak coordination environments, high catalytic activity and selectivity, and the highest atom utilization. However, due to the free energy of the large surface area, individual atoms are usually unstable and are prone to agglomeration during synthesis and catalytic reactions. Therefore, researchers have developed innovative strategies, such as soft sedimentation, one-pot pyrolysis, coprecipitation, impregnation, step reduction, atomic layer precipitation, and organometallic complexation, to stabilize single-atom catalysts in practical applications. This article summarizes the stabilization strategies for single-atom catalysts from the aspects of their synthesis methods, metal and support types, catalytic reaction types, and its advantages and disadvantages. The focus is on the application of polymers in the preparation and stabilization of single-atom catalysts, including metal single-atom carriers, synthetic templates, encapsulation agents, and the role of polymers as protection agents in the manufacturing process. The main feature of polymers and polymer-derived materials is that they usually contain abundant heteroatoms, such as N, that possess lone-pair electrons. These lone-pair electrons can anchor the single metal atom through strong coordination interactions. The coordination environment of the lone-pair electrons can facilitate the formation of single-atom catalysts because they can enlarge the average distance of a single precursor adsorbed on the polymer matrix. Polymers with nitrogen groups are favorable candidates for dispersing active single atoms by weakening the tendency of metal aggregation and redistributing the charge densities around single atoms to enhance the catalytic performance. This review provides a summary and analysis of the current technical challenges faced by single-atom catalysts and future research directions, such as the catalytic mechanism of single-atom catalysts, sufficiently high loading, and large-scale implementation.
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Li H, Cui Y, Liu Y, Wang S, Dai WL. Copper phyllosilicate-derived ultrafine copper nanoparticles with plenty of Cu 0and Cu + for the enhanced catalytic performance of ethylene carbonate hydrogenation to methanol. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:435703. [PMID: 35853343 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of CO2-derived carbonates to methanol is an alternative route for the indirect utilization of abundant C1 sources. Various Cu/SiO2catalysts with different copper loading content prepared by using an ammonia evaporation hydrothermal method are implemented to evaluate the catalytic performance of ethylene carbonate (EC) hydrogenation to methanol and ethylene glycol (EG). The Cu loading content was identified to significantly affect the Cu nanoparticles (NPs) size and metal-support interaction. Highly dispersed Cu NPs restricted and embedded in copper phyllosilicate presented a smaller average particle size than the impregnated Cu/SiO2-IM catalyst. ThexCu/SiO2catalyst with ultrafine Cu NPs showed abundant Cu-O-Si interfaces, acidic sites, and coherent Cu0and Cu+species. The 5Cu/SiO2catalyst achieved methanol yield of 76% and EG yield of 98% at EC conversion of 99%, and no obvious deactivation was observed after long-term operation. The superior catalytic performance of the 5Cu/SiO2catalyst is attributed to the synergetic effect between the appropriate Cu0surface area which provides sufficient active hydrogen, and the atomic ratio of Cu+for the polarization and activation of carbon-oxygen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Wang H, Kong X, Zhu Y. Catalytic Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to High-Value Derivatives by Selective Activation of C-O, C=O, and C=C Bonds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200421. [PMID: 35385225 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With increasing concern for reducing CO2 emission and alleviating fossil resource dependence, catalytic transformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a vital platform compound derived from C6 sugars, holds great promise for producing value-added chemicals. Among several well-established catalytic systems, hydrogenation and oxidation processes have been efficiently adopted for upgrading HMF. This Review covers recent advances in the development of thermocatalytic conversion of HMF into value-added chemicals. The advances of metal-catalyzed hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, ring-opening, decarbonylation, and oxidation involving selective activation of C-O, C=O, and C=C groups are described. The roles played by nature of metals, supports, additives, synergy of metal-acid sites, and metal-support interaction are also discussed at the molecular level. Finally, an outlook is provided to highlight major challenges associated with this huge research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Wang
- School of Energy and Power engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Kong
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, P.R. China
| | - Yulei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P.R. China
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Wan Y, Lee JM. Recent Advances in Reductive Upgrading of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural via Heterogeneous Thermocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102041. [PMID: 34786865 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfufural (HMF), one of the vital platform chemicals in biomass upgrading, holds great promise for producing highly valuable chemicals through sustainable routes, thereby alleviating the dependence on fossil feedstocks and reducing CO2 emissions. The reductive upgrading (hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, ring-opening, ring-rearrangement, amination, etc.) of HMF has exhibited great potential to produce monomers, liquid fuel additives, and other valuable chemicals. Thermocatalytic conversion has a significant advantage over photocatalysis and electrocatalysis in productivity. In this Review, the recent achievements of thermo-reductive transformation of HMF to various chemicals using heterogeneous catalytic systems are presented, including the catalytic systems (catalyst and solvent), reaction conditions, (reaction temperature, pressure, etc.), and reaction mechanisms. The current challenges and future opportunities are discussed as well, aiming at guiding the catalyst design and practical scalable productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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Liu H, Li Y, Djitcheu X, Liu L. Recent advances in single-atom catalysts for thermally driven reactions. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang Z, Wu F. Emerging Single-Atom Catalysts/Nanozymes for Catalytic Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101682. [PMID: 34729955 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are a type of atomically dispersed nanozymes with the highest atom utilization, which employ low-coordinated single atoms as the catalytically active sites. SACs not only inherit the merits of traditional nanozymes, but also hold high catalytic activity and superb catalytic selectivity, which ensure their tremendous application potential in environmental remediation, energy storage and conversion, chemical industry, nanomedicine, etc. Nevertheless, undesired aggregation effect of single atoms during preactivation and reaction processes is significantly enhanced owing to the high surface free energy of single atoms. In this case, appropriate substrates are requisite to prevent the aggregation event through the powerful interactions between the single atoms and the substrates, thereby stabilizing the high catalytic activity of the catalysts. In this review, the synthetic methods and characterization approaches of SACs are first described. Then the application cases of SACs in nanomedicine are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of the SACs in nanomedicine are outlined. It is hoped that this review may have implications for furthering the development of new SACs with improved biophysicochemical properties and broadened biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University 2 Sipailou Road Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
| | - Fu‐Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University 2 Sipailou Road Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University) Ministry of Education 22 Shuangyong Road Nanning 530022 P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor 22 Shuangyong Road Nanning 530022 P. R. China
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Wang F, Wei X, Mao J. Graphene with SiC3 ligand for N2 to NH3 reduction with an ultralow overpotential of 0.03 V. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Li Z, Xiao Y, Chowdhury PR, Wu Z, Ma T, Chen JZ, Wan G, Kim TH, Jing D, He P, Potdar PJ, Zhou L, Zeng Z, Ruan X, Miller JT, Greeley JP, Wu Y, Varma A. Direct methane activation by atomically thin platinum nanolayers on two-dimensional metal carbides. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Zhu Y, Yuk SF, Zheng J, Nguyen MT, Lee MS, Szanyi J, Kovarik L, Zhu Z, Balasubramanian M, Glezakou VA, Fulton JL, Lercher JA, Rousseau R, Gutiérrez OY. Environment of Metal–O–Fe Bonds Enabling High Activity in CO2 Reduction on Single Metal Atoms and on Supported Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5540-5549. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhu
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simuck F. Yuk
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jian Zheng
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Janos Szanyi
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zihua Zhu
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John L. Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Copper Phyllosilicates-Derived Catalysts in the Production of Alcohols from Hydrogenation of Carboxylates, Carboxylic Acids, Carbonates, Formyls, and CO2: A Review. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper phyllosilicates-derived catalysts (CuPS-cats) have been intensively explored in the past two decades due to their promising activity in carbonyls hydrogenation. However, CuPS-cats have not been completely reviewed. This paper focuses on the aspects concerning CuPS-cats from synthesis methods, effects of preparation conditions, and dopant to catalytic applications of CuPS-cats. The applications of CuPS-cats include the hydrogenation of carboxylates, carboxylic acids, carbonates, formyls, and CO2 to their respective alcohols. Besides, important factors such as the Cu dispersion, Cu+ and Cu0 surface areas, particles size, interaction between Cu and supports and dopants, morphologies, and spatial effect on catalytic performance of CuPS-cats are discussed. The deactivation and remedial actions to improve the stability of CuPS-cats are summarized. It ends up with the challenges and prospective by using this type of catalyst.
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Li WJ, Tsai S, Wey MY. Positive effects of a halloysite-supported Cu/Co catalyst fabricated by a urea-driven deposition precipitation method on the CO-SCR reaction and SO2 poisoning. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02261f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cu/Co catalysts were prepared on halloysite nanotube supports by a urea-driven deposition–precipitation method for CO oxidation and the selective catalytic reduction of NO (CO-SCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Shu Tsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Wey
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
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Chen S, Chang X, Sun G, Zhang T, Xu Y, Wang Y, Pei C, Gong J. Propane dehydrogenation: catalyst development, new chemistry, and emerging technologies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3315-3354. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00814a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in the propane dehydrogenation process in terms of emerging technologies, catalyst development and new chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xin Chang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yiyi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Chunlei Pei
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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18
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Ishikawa H, Sheng M, Nakata A, Nakajima K, Yamazoe S, Yamasaki J, Yamaguchi S, Mizugaki T, Mitsudome T. Air-Stable and Reusable Cobalt Phosphide Nanoalloy Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural Derivatives. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Ishikawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Min Sheng
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakata
- First-Principles Simulation Group, Nano-Theory Field, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakajima
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jun Yamasaki
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Sho Yamaguchi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoo Mizugaki
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takato Mitsudome
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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19
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Tsou YJ, To TD, Chiang YC, Lee JF, Kumar R, Chung PW, Lin YC. Hydrophobic Copper Catalysts Derived from Copper Phyllosilicates in the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54851-54861. [PMID: 33232108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A reduction-silylation-reduction method was developed to synthesize hydrophobic Cu catalysts derived from Cu phyllosilicates (CuPS). Triethoxy(octyl)silane (OTS) was used as the coupling agent. The OTS-grafted, reduced CuPS catalysts were applied in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The most promising catalyst was synthesized by reducing CuPS at a high temperature (350 °C for 3 h), followed by OTS grafting, and then by repeating the previous reduction step. High LA conversion (95.7%), GVL yield (85.2%), and stability (3 cycles with a 7.5% loss of initial activity) were obtained at a mild reaction condition (130 °C with a H2 pressure of 12 bar). A high reduction temperature not only leads to a low oxidation state of Cu species but also suppresses the formation of silylation-induced acids. Moreover, the intrinsic activity of a reduced CuPS catalyst was nearly intact after subjecting to silylation and the second reduction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ju Tsou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Thien Dien To
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Raju Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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20
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Kaiser SK, Chen Z, Faust Akl D, Mitchell S, Pérez-Ramírez J. Single-Atom Catalysts across the Periodic Table. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11703-11809. [PMID: 33085890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolated atoms featuring unique reactivity are at the heart of enzymatic and homogeneous catalysts. In contrast, although the concept has long existed, single-atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs) have only recently gained prominence. Host materials have similar functions to ligands in homogeneous catalysts, determining the stability, local environment, and electronic properties of isolated atoms and thus providing a platform for tailoring heterogeneous catalysts for targeted applications. Within just a decade, we have witnessed many examples of SACs both disrupting diverse fields of heterogeneous catalysis with their distinctive reactivity and substantially enriching our understanding of molecular processes on surfaces. To date, the term SAC mostly refers to late transition metal-based systems, but numerous examples exist in which isolated atoms of other elements play key catalytic roles. This review provides a compositional encyclopedia of SACs, celebrating the 10th anniversary of the introduction of this term. By defining single-atom catalysis in the broadest sense, we explore the full elemental diversity, joining different areas across the whole periodic table, and discussing historical milestones and recent developments. In particular, we examine the coordination structures and associated properties accessed through distinct single-atom-host combinations and relate them to their main applications in thermo-, electro-, and photocatalysis, revealing trends in element-specific evolution, host design, and uses. Finally, we highlight frontiers in the field, including multimetallic SACs, atom proximity control, and possible applications for multistep and cascade reactions, identifying challenges, and propose directions for future development in this flourishing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina K Kaiser
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Faust Akl
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Zhang L, Feng J, Cai B, Zhu H, Zhu Y, Pan H. Efficient Ni‐Cu/AC Bimetal Catalyst for Hydrogenolysis of Lignin to Produce High‐Value‐Added Chemicals. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Jiangsu Co–Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Junfeng Feng
- Jiangsu Co–Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Bo Cai
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yanqi Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Hui Pan
- Jiangsu Co–Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
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22
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Identification of the dehydration active sites in glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol over Cu/SiO2 catalysts. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Yu Z, Lu X, Xiong J, Ji N. Transformation of Levulinic Acid to Valeric Biofuels: A Review on Heterogeneous Bifunctional Catalytic Systems. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3915-3930. [PMID: 31270936 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Valerate esters (VAEs) commonly derived from levulinic acid (LA), which is deemed as one of the most promising biomass platform molecules, have been hailed as "valeric biofuels" in recent years. The cascade transformation of LA to VAEs consists of a series of acid- and metal-catalyzed processes alternately, in which heterogeneous bifunctional catalysts are required for better catalytic performance. The transformation pathway from LA to VAEs is presented, and bifunctional catalytic systems for the cascade transformation of LA into valeric acid (VA) and its esters, as well as one-pot conversion processes, are reviewed. Additionally, effects of metal and acid sites on the catalytic performance are discussed in detail. Impacts of and improvements to coke deposition, which is determined to be the primary reason for the reduction in catalytic activity, are also analyzed. Finally, feasible suggestions are proposed for enhanced catalytic performance and a reduction in overall costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, PR China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, PR China
| | - Na Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
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24
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Chatterjee R, Kuld S, van den Berg R, Chen A, Shen W, Christensen JM, Jensen AD, Sehested J. Mapping Support Interactions in Copper Catalysts. Top Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-019-01150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Highly Selective Silica‐supported Copper Catalysts Derived from Copper Phyllosilicates in the Hydrogenation of Adipic Acid to 1,6‐hexanediol. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Chen S, Wojcieszak R, Dumeignil F, Marceau E, Royer S. How Catalysts and Experimental Conditions Determine the Selective Hydroconversion of Furfural and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11023-11117. [PMID: 30362725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural stand out as bridges connecting biomass raw materials to the biorefinery industry. Their reductive transformations by hydroconversion are key routes toward a wide variety of chemicals and biofuels, and heterogeneous catalysis plays a central role in these reactions. The catalyst efficiency highly depends on the nature of metals, supports, and additives, on the catalyst preparation procedure, and obviously on reaction conditions to which catalyst and reactants are exposed: solvent, pressure, and temperature. The present review focuses on the roles played by the catalyst at the molecular level in the hydroconversion of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the gas or liquid phases, including catalytic hydrogen transfer routes and electro/photoreduction, into oxygenates or hydrocarbons (e.g., furfuryl alcohol, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, cyclopentanone, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran, furan, furfuryl ethers, etc.). The mechanism of adsorption of the reactant and the mechanism of the reaction of hydroconversion are correlated to the specificities of each active metal, both noble (Pt, Pd, Ru, Au, Rh, and Ir) and non-noble (Ni, Cu, Co, Mo, and Fe), with an emphasis on the role of the support and of additives on catalytic performances (conversion, yield, and stability). The reusability of catalytic systems (deactivation mechanism, protection, and regeneration methods) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois , UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Robert Wojcieszak
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois , UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Franck Dumeignil
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois , UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Eric Marceau
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois , UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Sébastien Royer
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois , UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille , France
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27
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Ye RP, Lin L, Li Q, Zhou Z, Wang T, Russell CK, Adidharma H, Xu Z, Yao YG, Fan M. Recent progress in improving the stability of copper-based catalysts for hydrogenation of carbon–oxygen bonds. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00608c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Five different strategies to enhance the stability of Cu-based catalysts for hydrogenation of C–O bonds are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Ling Lin
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Qiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
| | | | - Hertanto Adidharma
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Yuan-Gen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Maohong Fan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
- School of Energy Resources
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