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Hua W, Chen J, Ferreira Sanchez D, Schwarz B, Yang Y, Senyshyn A, Wu Z, Shen CH, Knapp M, Ehrenberg H, Indris S, Guo X, Ouyang X. Probing Particle-Carbon/Binder Degradation Behavior in Fatigued Layered Cathode Materials through Machine Learning Aided Diffraction Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403189. [PMID: 38701048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how reaction heterogeneity impacts cathode materials during Li-ion battery (LIB) electrochemical cycling is pivotal for unraveling their electrochemical performance. Yet, experimentally verifying these reactions has proven to be a challenge. To address this, we employed scanning μ-XRD computed tomography to scrutinize Ni-rich layered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) and Li-rich layered Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 (LLNMO). By harnessing machine learning (ML) techniques, we scrutinized an extensive dataset of μ-XRD patterns, about 100,000 patterns per slice, to unveil the spatial distribution of crystalline structure and microstrain. Our experimental findings unequivocally reveal the distinct behavior of these materials. NCM622 exhibits structural degradation and lattice strain intricately linked to the size of secondary particles. Smaller particles and the surface of larger particles in contact with the carbon/binder matrix experience intensified structural fatigue after long-term cycling. Conversely, both the surface and bulk of LLNMO particles endure severe strain-induced structural degradation during high-voltage cycling, resulting in significant voltage decay and capacity fade. This work holds the potential to fine-tune the microstructure of advanced layered materials and manipulate composite electrode construction in order to enhance the performance of LIBs and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Hua
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, China
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jinniu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Dario Ferreira Sanchez
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Björn Schwarz
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Anatoliy Senyshyn
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Helmut Ehrenberg
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sylvio Indris
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
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2
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Omori NE, Bobitan AD, Vamvakeros A, Beale AM, Jacques SDM. Recent developments in X-ray diffraction/scattering computed tomography for materials science. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220350. [PMID: 37691470 PMCID: PMC10493554 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction/scattering computed tomography (XDS-CT) methods are a non-destructive class of chemical imaging techniques that have the capacity to provide reconstructions of sample cross-sections with spatially resolved chemical information. While X-ray diffraction CT (XRD-CT) is the most well-established method, recent advances in instrumentation and data reconstruction have seen greater use of related techniques like small angle X-ray scattering CT and pair distribution function CT. Additionally, the adoption of machine learning techniques for tomographic reconstruction and data analysis are fundamentally disrupting how XDS-CT data is processed. The following narrative review highlights recent developments and applications of XDS-CT with a focus on studies in the last five years. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E. Omori
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
| | - Antonia D. Bobitan
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Antonis Vamvakeros
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2DB, UK
| | - Andrew M. Beale
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Simon D. M. Jacques
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
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3
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Wortman J, Igenegbai VO, Almallahi R, Motagamwala AH, Linic S. Optimizing hierarchical membrane/catalyst systems for oxidative coupling of methane using additive manufacturing. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01687-x. [PMID: 37828102 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The advantage of a membrane/catalyst system in the oxidative coupling of methane compared with conventional reactive systems is that by introducing oxygen into the catalytic sites through a membrane, the parasitic gas-phase reactions of O2(g)-responsible for lowering product selectivity-can be avoided. The design and fabrication of membrane/catalyst systems has, however, been hampered by low volumetric chemical conversion rates, high capital cost and difficulties in co-designing membrane and catalyst properties to optimize the performance. Here we solve these issues by developing a dual-layer additive manufacturing process, based on phase inversion, to design, fabricate and optimize a hollow-fibre membrane/catalyst system for the oxidative coupling of methane. We demonstrate the approach through a case study using BaCe0.8Gd0.2O3-δ as the basis of both catalyst and separation layers. We show that by using the manufacturing approach, we can co-design the membrane thickness and catalyst surface area so that the flux of oxygen transport through the membrane and methane activation rates in the catalyst layer match each other. We demonstrate that this 'rate matching' is critical for maximizing the performance, with the membrane/catalyst system substantially overperforming conventional reactor designs under identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Wortman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Valentina Omoze Igenegbai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rawan Almallahi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ali Hussain Motagamwala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suljo Linic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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4
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Wollak B, Espinoza D, Dippel AC, Sturm M, Vrljic F, Gutowski O, Nielsen IG, Sheppard TL, Korup O, Horn R. Catalytic reactor for operando spatially resolved structure-activity profiling using high-energy X-ray diffraction. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:571-581. [PMID: 37042662 PMCID: PMC10161877 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In heterogeneous catalysis, operando measurements probe catalysts in their active state and are essential for revealing complex catalyst structure-activity relationships. The development of appropriate operando sample environments for spatially resolved studies has come strongly into focus in recent years, particularly when coupled to the powerful and multimodal characterization tools available at synchrotron light sources. However, most catalysis studies at synchrotron facilities only measure structural information about the catalyst in a spatially resolved manner, whereas gas analysis is restricted to the reactor outlet. Here, a fully automated and integrated catalytic profile reactor setup is shown for the combined measurement of temperature, gas composition and high-energy X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles, using the oxidative dehydrogenation of C2H6 to C2H4 over MoO3/γ-Al2O3 as a test system. The profile reactor methodology was previously developed for X-ray absorption spectroscopy and is here extended for operando XRD. The profile reactor is a versatile and accessible research tool for combined spatially resolved structure-activity profiling, enabling the use of multiple synchrotron-based characterization methods to promote a knowledge-based optimization of a wide range of catalytic systems in a time- and resource-efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Wollak
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diego Espinoza
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann Christin Dippel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Sturm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Filip Vrljic
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olof Gutowski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida G Nielsen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas L Sheppard
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Korup
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raimund Horn
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Performance-defining factors of (MnOx)-M2WO4/SiO2 (M=Na, K, Rb or Cs) catalysts in oxidative coupling of methane. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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6
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TiOx-supported Na-Mn-W oxides for the oxidative coupling of methane. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Zanina A, Kondratenko VA, Lund H, Li J, Chen J, Li Y, Jiang G, Kondratenko EV. The Role of Adsorbed and Lattice Oxygen Species in Product Formation in the Oxidative Coupling of Methane over M 2WO 4/SiO 2 (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs). ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zanina
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059Rostock, Germany
| | - Vita A. Kondratenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059Rostock, Germany
| | - Henrik Lund
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059Rostock, Germany
| | - Jianshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing102249, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Sourav S, Malizia JP, Thompson B, Wang B, Kunz MR, Nikolla E, Fushimi R. Deciphering the Mechanistic Role of Individual Oxide Phases and Their Combinations in Supported Mn–Na 2WO 4 Catalysts for Oxidative Coupling of Methane. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Wang
- Catalysis and Transient Kinetics Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Sagar Sourav
- Catalysis and Transient Kinetics Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Jason P. Malizia
- Catalysis and Transient Kinetics Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Brooklyne Thompson
- Catalysis and Transient Kinetics Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
- Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Bingwen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - M. Ross Kunz
- Catalysis and Transient Kinetics Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Eranda Nikolla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Rebecca Fushimi
- Catalysis and Transient Kinetics Group, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
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9
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Das S, Pashminehazar R, Sharma S, Weber S, Sheppard TL. New Dimensions in Catalysis Research with Hard X‐Ray Tomography. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srashtasrita Das
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Reihaneh Pashminehazar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sebastian Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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10
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Zhao G, Ni J, Si J, Sun W, Lu Y. Low-Temperature Light-off MnOx-Na2WO4-Based Catalysts: A Step Forward to OCM Process Industrialization. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200365. [PMID: 35838245 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyzed by MnOx-Na2WO4-based catalysts has great industrial potential to convert CH4 directly to C2-3 products, but the high light-off temperature is a big challenge to OCM commercialization. The reaction mechanism studies disclosed that O2/CH4-activation relevant "Mn2+↔Mn3+" redox cycle is tightly linked with the catalyst light-off. One concept is thus put forward that the OCM light-off temperature could be lowered once a "Mn2+↔Mn3+" redox cycle was established to be triggered at low temperature over MnOx-Na2WO4-based catalysts. The relevant studies in recent years are reviewed, showing that the establishment of low-temperature light-off "Mn2+↔Mn3+" redox cycle over the MnOx-Na2WO4-based catalysts indeed works effectively toward a low-temperature light-off OCM process. Moreover, three perspectives for the OCM industrialization are discussed based on this concept, including monolithic catalyst, fluidized-bed method and chemical-looping process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Zhao
- East China Normal University, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jiayong Ni
- East China Normal University, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jiaqi Si
- East China Normal University, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Weidong Sun
- East China Normal University, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yong Lu
- East China Normal University, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, 200062, Shanghai, CHINA
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11
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Sourav S, Kiani D, Wang Y, Baltrusaitis J, Fushimi RR, Wachs IE. Molecular structure and catalytic promotional effect of Mn on supported Na2WO4/SiO2 catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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12
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Assessment of catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane and ethylene. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Ortiz-Bravo CA, Figueroa SJ, Portela R, Chagas CA, Bañares MA, Toniolo FS. Elucidating the structure of the W and Mn sites on the Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) at real reaction temperatures. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Full life cycle characterization strategies for spatiotemporal evolution of heterogeneous catalysts. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Kiani D, Sourav S, Wachs IE, Baltrusaitis J. A combined computational and experimental study of methane activation during oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) by surface metal oxide catalysts. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14143-14158. [PMID: 34760199 PMCID: PMC8565385 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimentally validated computational models developed herein, for the first time, show that Mn-promotion does not enhance the activity of the surface Na2WO4 catalytic active sites for CH4 heterolytic dissociation during OCM. Contrary to previous understanding, it is demonstrated that Mn-promotion poisons the surface WO4 catalytic active sites resulting in surface WO5 sites with retarded kinetics for C-H scission. On the other hand, dimeric Mn2O5 surface sites, identified and studied via ab initio molecular dynamics and thermodynamics, were found to be more efficient in activating CH4 than the poisoned surface WO5 sites or the original WO4 sites. However, the surface reaction intermediates formed from CH4 activation over the Mn2O5 surface sites are more stable than those formed over the Na2WO4 surface sites. The higher stability of the surface intermediates makes their desorption unfavorable, increasing the likelihood of over-oxidation to CO x , in agreement with the experimental findings in the literature on Mn-promoted catalysts. Consequently, the Mn-promoter does not appear to have an essential positive role in synergistically tuning the structure of the Na2WO4 surface sites towards CH4 activation but can yield MnO x surface sites that activate CH4 faster than Na2WO4 surface sites, but unselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Kiani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Sagar Sourav
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Israel E Wachs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
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16
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Sourav S, Wang Y, Kiani D, Baltrusaitis J, Fushimi RR, Wachs IE. New Mechanistic and Reaction Pathway Insights for Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) over Supported Na
2
WO
4
/SiO
2
Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Sourav
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering Energy Environment Science & Technology Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID 83415 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering Energy Environment Science & Technology Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID 83415 USA
| | - Daniyal Kiani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Rebecca R. Fushimi
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering Energy Environment Science & Technology Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls ID 83415 USA
| | - Israel E. Wachs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
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17
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Sourav S, Wang Y, Kiani D, Baltrusaitis J, Fushimi RR, Wachs IE. New Mechanistic and Reaction Pathway Insights for Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) over Supported Na 2 WO 4 /SiO 2 Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21502-21511. [PMID: 34339591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complex structure of the catalytic active phase, and surface-gas reaction networks have hindered understanding of the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction mechanism by supported Na2 WO4 /SiO2 catalysts. The present study demonstrates, with the aid of in situ Raman spectroscopy and chemical probe (H2 -TPR, TAP and steady-state kinetics) experiments, that the long speculated crystalline Na2 WO4 active phase is unstable and melts under OCM reaction conditions, partially transforming to thermally stable surface Na-WOx sites. Kinetic analysis via temporal analysis of products (TAP) and steady-state OCM reaction studies demonstrate that (i) surface Na-WOx sites are responsible for selectively activating CH4 to C2 Hx and over-oxidizing CHy to CO and (ii) molten Na2 WO4 phase is mainly responsible for over-oxidation of CH4 to CO2 and also assists in oxidative dehydrogenation of C2 H6 to C2 H4 . These new insights reveal the nature of catalytic active sites and resolve the OCM reaction mechanism over supported Na2 WO4 /SiO2 catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Sourav
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, Energy Environment Science & Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, Energy Environment Science & Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA
| | - Daniyal Kiani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Rebecca R Fushimi
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, Energy Environment Science & Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA
| | - Israel E Wachs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
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Sourav S, Wang Y, Kiani D, Baltrusaitis J, Fushimi RR, Wachs IE. Resolving the Types and Origin of Active Oxygen Species Present in Supported Mn-Na 2WO 4/SiO 2 Catalysts for Oxidative Coupling of Methane. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Sourav
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, Energy Environment Science & Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, Energy Environment Science & Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Daniyal Kiani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Rebecca R. Fushimi
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, Energy Environment Science & Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Israel E. Wachs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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19
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Kiani D, Sourav S, Baltrusaitis J, Wachs IE. Elucidating the Effects of Mn Promotion on SiO 2-Supported Na-Promoted Tungsten Oxide Catalysts for Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM). ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Kiani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Sagar Sourav
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Israel E. Wachs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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20
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Bossers KW, Valadian R, Garrevoet J, van Malderen S, Chan R, Friederichs N, Severn J, Wilbers A, Zanoni S, Jongkind MK, Weckhuysen BM, Meirer F. Heterogeneity in the Fragmentation of Ziegler Catalyst Particles during Ethylene Polymerization Quantified by X-ray Nanotomography. JACS AU 2021; 1:852-864. [PMID: 34240080 PMCID: PMC8243319 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ziegler-type catalysts are the grand old workhorse of the polyolefin industry, yet their hierarchically complex nature complicates polymerization activity-catalyst structure relationships. In this work, the degree of catalyst framework fragmentation of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ziegler-type catalyst was studied using ptychography X-ray-computed nanotomography (PXCT) in the early stages of ethylene polymerization under mild reaction conditions. An ensemble consisting of 434 fully reconstructed ethylene prepolymerized Ziegler catalyst particles prepared at a polymer yield of 3.4 g HDPE/g catalyst was imaged. This enabled a statistical route to study the heterogeneity in the degree of particle fragmentation and therefore local polymerization activity at an achieved 3-D spatial resolution of 74 nm without requiring invasive imaging tools. To study the degree of catalyst fragmentation within the ensemble, a fragmentation parameter was constructed based on a k-means clustering algorithm that relates the quantity of polyethylene formed to the average size of the spatially resolved catalyst fragments. With this classification method, we have identified particles that exhibit weak, moderate, and strong degrees of catalyst fragmentation, showing that there is a strong heterogeneity in the overall catalyst particle fragmentation and thus polymerization activity within the entire ensemble. This hints toward local mass transfer limitations or other deactivation phenomena. The methodology used here can be applied to all polyolefin catalysts, including metallocene and the Phillips catalysts to gain statistically relevant fundamental insights in the fragmentation behavior of an ensemble of catalyst particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen W. Bossers
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roozbeh Valadian
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Photon
Science at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| | - Stijn van Malderen
- Photon
Science at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| | - Robert Chan
- SABIC, P.O. Box 319, 6160
AH Geleen, The Netherlands
| | | | - John Severn
- DSM
Materials Science Center, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold Wilbers
- DSM
Materials Science Center, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Zanoni
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten K. Jongkind
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Matras D, Vamvakeros A, Jacques SDM, Grosjean N, Rollins B, Poulston S, Stenning GBG, Godini HR, Drnec J, Cernik RJ, Beale AM. Effect of thermal treatment on the stability of Na-Mn-W/SiO 2 catalyst for the oxidative coupling of methane. Faraday Discuss 2021; 229:176-196. [PMID: 33645610 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00142e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the effect of thermal treatment/calcination on the stability and activity of a Na-Mn-W/SiO2 catalyst for the oxidative coupling of methane. The catalyst performance and characterisation measurements suggest that the W species are directly involved in the catalyst active site responsible for CH4 conversion. Under operating conditions, the active components, present in the form of a Na-W-O-Mn molten state, are highly mobile and volatile. By varying the parameters of the calcination protocol, it was shown that these molten components can be partially stabilised, resulting in a catalyst with lower activity (due to loss of surface area) but higher stability even for long duration OCM reaction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Matras
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire M13 9PL, UK. and Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Antonios Vamvakeros
- Finden Ltd, Merchant House, 5 East St Helen Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK. and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Simon D M Jacques
- Finden Ltd, Merchant House, 5 East St Helen Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK.
| | - Nicolas Grosjean
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court Road, Sonning Common, RG4 9NH, UK
| | - Benjamin Rollins
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court Road, Sonning Common, RG4 9NH, UK
| | - Stephen Poulston
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court Road, Sonning Common, RG4 9NH, UK
| | - Gavin B G Stenning
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Hamid R Godini
- Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. KWT-9, D-10623 Berlin, Germany and Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, 38000 France
| | - Robert J Cernik
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Andrew M Beale
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK and Finden Ltd, Merchant House, 5 East St Helen Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK. and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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22
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Sample Environment for Operando Hard X-ray Tomography—An Enabling Technology for Multimodal Characterization in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure–activity relations in heterogeneous catalysis can be revealed through in situ and operando measurements of catalysts in their active state. While hard X-ray tomography is an ideal method for non-invasive, multimodal 3D structural characterization on the micron to nm scale, performing tomography under controlled gas and temperature conditions is challenging. Here, we present a flexible sample environment for operando hard X-ray tomography at synchrotron radiation sources. The setup features are discussed, with demonstrations of operando powder X-ray diffraction tomography (XRD-CT) and energy-dispersive tomographic X-ray absorption spectroscopy (ED-XAS-CT). Catalysts for CO2 methanation and partial oxidation of methane are shown as case studies. The setup can be adapted for different hard X-ray microscopy, spectroscopy, or scattering synchrotron radiation beamlines, is compatible with absorption, diffraction, fluorescence, and phase-contrast imaging, and can operate with scanning focused beam or full-field acquisition mode. We present an accessible methodology for operando hard X-ray tomography studies, which offer a unique source of 3D spatially resolved characterization data unavailable to contemporary methods.
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Real-time tomographic diffraction imaging of catalytic membrane reactors for the oxidative coupling of methane. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Multi-Scale Studies of 3D Printed Mn–Na–W/SiO2 Catalyst for Oxidative Coupling of Methane. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents multi-scale approaches to investigate 3D printed structured Mn–Na–W/SiO2 catalysts used for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction. The performance of the 3D printed catalysts has been compared to their conventional analogues, packed beds of pellets and powder. The physicochemical properties of the 3D printed catalysts were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Performance and durability tests of the 3D printed catalysts were conducted in the laboratory and in a miniplant under real reaction conditions. In addition, synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction computed tomography technique (XRD-CT) was employed to obtain cross sectional maps at three different positions selected within the 3D printed catalyst body during the OCM reaction. The maps revealed the evolution of catalyst active phases and silica support on spatial and temporal scales within the interiors of the 3D printed catalyst under operating conditions. These results were accompanied with SEM-EDS analysis that indicated a homogeneous distribution of the active catalyst particles across the silica support.
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25
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Vamvakeros A, Coelho AA, Matras D, Dong H, Odarchenko Y, Price SWT, Butler KT, Gutowski O, Dippel AC, Zimmermann M, Martens I, Drnec J, Beale AM, Jacques SDM. DLSR: a solution to the parallax artefact in X-ray diffraction computed tomography data. J Appl Crystallogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720013576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A new tomographic reconstruction algorithm is presented, termed direct least-squares reconstruction (DLSR), which solves the well known parallax problem in X-ray-scattering-based experiments. The parallax artefact arises from relatively large samples where X-rays, scattered from a scattering angle 2θ, arrive at multiple detector elements. This phenomenon leads to loss of physico-chemical information associated with diffraction peak shape and position (i.e. altering the calculated crystallite size and lattice parameter values, respectively) and is currently the major barrier to investigating samples and devices at the centimetre level (scale-up problem). The accuracy of the DLSR algorithm has been tested against simulated and experimental X-ray diffraction computed tomography data using the TOPAS software.
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26
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Matras D, Vamvakeros A, Jacques SDM, Middelkoop V, Vaughan G, Agote Aran M, Cernik RJ, Beale AM. In situ X-ray diffraction computed tomography studies examining the thermal and chemical stabilities of working Ba 0.5Sr 0.5Co 0.8Fe 0.2O 3-δ membranes during oxidative coupling of methane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18964-18975. [PMID: 32597462 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study we present the results from two in situ X-ray diffraction computed tomography experiments of catalytic membrane reactors (CMRs) using Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) hollow fibre membranes and Na-Mn-W/SiO2 catalyst during the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction. The negative impact of CO2, when added to the inlet gas stream, is seen to be mainly related to the C2+ yield, while no evidence of carbonate phase(s) formation is found during the OCM experiments. The main degradation mechanism of the CMR is suggested to be primarily associated with the solid-state evolution of the BSCF phase rather than the presence of CO2. Specifically, in situ XRD-CT and post-mortem SEM/EDX measurements revealed a collapse of the cubic BSCF phase and subsequent formation of secondary phases, which include needle-like structures and hexagonal Ba6Co4O12 and formation of a BaWO4 layer, the latter being a result of chemical interaction between the membrane and catalyst materials at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Matras
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire M13 9PL, UK. and Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Antonis Vamvakeros
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK and Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helen Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK. and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Simon D M Jacques
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helen Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK.
| | - Vesna Middelkoop
- Sustainable Materials Management, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO NV, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
| | - Gavin Vaughan
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Miren Agote Aran
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Robert J Cernik
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Andrew M Beale
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK and Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helen Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK. and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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