1
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Aleksandrov A, Bonvalet A, Müller P, Sorigué D, Beisson F, Antonucci L, Solinas X, Joffre M, Vos MH. Catalytic Mechanism of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase: On the Detection and Stability of the Initial Carbonyloxy Radical Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401376. [PMID: 38466236 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP), light-induced formation of the primary radical product RCOO⋅ from fatty acid RCOO- occurs in 300 ps, upon which CO2 is released quasi-immediately. Based on the hypothesis that aliphatic RCOO⋅ (spectroscopically uncharacterized because unstable) absorbs in the red similarly to aromatic carbonyloxy radicals such as 2,6-dichlorobenzoyloxy radical (DCB⋅), much longer-lived linear RCOO⋅ has been suggested recently. We performed quantum chemical reaction pathway and spectral calculations. These calculations are in line with the experimental DCB⋅ decarboxylation dynamics and spectral properties and show that in contrast to DCB⋅, aliphatic RCOO⋅ radicals a) decarboxylate with a very low energetic barrier and on the timescale of a few ps and b) exhibit little red absorption. A time-resolved infrared spectroscopy experiment confirms very rapid, ≪300 ps RCOO⋅ decarboxylation in FAP. We argue that this property is required for the observed high quantum yield of hydrocarbons formation by FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Aleksandrov
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Adeline Bonvalet
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Pavel Müller
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Damien Sorigué
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Fred Beisson
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, BIAM Cadarache, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Laura Antonucci
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Xavier Solinas
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Manuel Joffre
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marten H Vos
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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2
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Sun S, Higham MD, Zhang X, Catlow CRA. Multiscale Investigation of the Mechanism and Selectivity of CO 2 Hydrogenation over Rh(111). ACS Catal 2024; 14:5503-5519. [PMID: 38660604 PMCID: PMC11036393 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
CO2 hydrogenation over Rh catalysts comprises multiple reaction pathways, presenting a wide range of possible intermediates and end products, with selectivity toward either CO or methane being of particular interest. We investigate in detail the reaction mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation to the single-carbon (C1) products on the Rh(111) facet by performing periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations, which account for the adsorbate interactions through a cluster expansion approach. We observe that Rh readily facilitates the dissociation of hydrogen, thus contributing to the subsequent hydrogenation processes. The reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction occurs via three different reaction pathways, with CO hydrogenation to the COH intermediate being a key step for CO2 methanation. The effects of temperature, pressure, and the composition ratio of the gas reactant feed are considered. Temperature plays a pivotal role in determining the surface coverage and adsorbate composition, with competitive adsorption between CO and H species influencing the product distribution. The observed adlayer configurations indicate that the adsorbed CO species are separated by adsorbed H atoms, with a high ratio of H to CO coverage on the Rh(111) surface being essential to promote CO2 methanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Sun
- Kathleen
Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Higham
- Kathleen
Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Xingfan Zhang
- Kathleen
Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - C. Richard A. Catlow
- Kathleen
Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 1AT, United
Kingdom
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3
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Shi P, Yue X, Teng X, Qu R, Rady A, Maodaa S, Allam AA, Wang Z, Huo Z. Degradation of Butylated Hydroxyanisole by the Combined Use of Peroxymonosulfate and Ferrate(VI): Reaction Kinetics, Mechanism and Toxicity Evaluation. Toxics 2024; 12:54. [PMID: 38251010 PMCID: PMC10818440 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a synthetic phenolic antioxidant (SPA), is now widely present in natural waters. To improve the degradation efficiency of BHA and reduce product toxicity, a combination of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and Ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) was used in this study. We systematically investigated the reaction kinetics, mechanism and product toxicity in the degradation of BHA through the combined use of PMS and Fe(VI). The results showed that PMS and Fe(VI) have synergistic effects on the degradation of BHA. The effects of operational factors, including PMS dosage, pH and coexisting ions (Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, K+, NH4+ and Mg2+), and different water matrices were investigated through a series of kinetic experiments. When T = 25 °C, the initial pH was 8.0, the initial BHA concentration was 100 μM, the initial concentration ratio of [PMS]0:[Fe(VI)]0:[BHA]0 was 100:1:1 and the degradation rate could reach 92.4% within 30 min. Through liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) identification, it was determined that the oxidation pathway of BHA caused by PMS/Fe(VI) mainly includes hydroxylation, ring-opening and coupling reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that •OH was most likely to attack BHA and generate hydroxylated products. The comprehensive comparison of product toxicity results showed that the PMS/Fe(VI) system can effectively reduce the environmental risk of a reaction. This study contributes to the development of PMS/Fe(VI) for water treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiduan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaolei Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Saleh Maodaa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Ahmed A. Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt;
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zongli Huo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210009, China
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4
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Michielsen CS, Buskermolen AD, de Jong AM, Prins MWJ. Sandwich Immunosensor Based on Particle Motion: How Do Reactant Concentrations and Reaction Pathways Determine the Time-Dependent Response of the Sensor? ACS Sens 2023; 8:4216-4225. [PMID: 37955441 PMCID: PMC10683507 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
To control and optimize the speed of a molecular biosensor, it is crucial to quantify and understand the mechanisms that underlie the time-dependent response of the sensor. Here, we study how the kinetic properties of a particle-based sandwich immunosensor depend on underlying parameters, such as reactant concentrations and the size of the reaction chamber. The data of the measured sensor responses could be fitted with single-exponential curves, with characteristic response times that depend on the analyte concentration and the binder concentrations on the particle and substrate. By comparing characteristic response times at different incubation configurations, the data clarifies how two distinct reaction pathways play a role in the sandwich immunosensor, namely, analyte binding first to particles and thereafter to the substrate, and analyte binding first to the substrate and thereafter to a particle. For a concrete biosensor design, we found that the biosensor is dominated by the reaction pathway where analyte molecules bind first to the substrate and thereafter to a particle. Within this pathway, the binding of a particle to the substrate-bound analyte dominates the sensor response time. Thus, the probability of a particle interacting with the substrate was identified as the main direction to improve the speed of the biosensor while maintaining good sensitivity. We expect that the developed immunosensor and research methodology can be generally applied to understand the reaction mechanisms and optimize the kinetic properties of sandwich immunosensors with particle labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire
M. S. Michielsen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Alissa D. Buskermolen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur M. de Jong
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Menno W. J. Prins
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Helia
Biomonitoring, Eindhoven 5612 AR, The Netherlands
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5
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Tulebekov Y, Orazov Z, Satybaldiyev B, Snow DD, Schneider R, Uralbekov B. Reaction Steps in Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Oxidation of Toluene in Gas Phase-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6451. [PMID: 37764227 PMCID: PMC10536914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A review of the current literature shows there is no clear consensus regarding the reaction mechanisms of air-borne aromatic compounds such as toluene by photocatalytic oxidation. Potential oxidation reactions over TiO2 or TiO2-based catalysts under ultraviolet and visible (UV/VIS) illumination are most commonly considered for removal of these pollutants. Along the pathways from a model pollutant, toluene, to final mineralization products (CO2 and H2O), the formation of several intermediates via specific reactions include parallel oxidation reactions and formation of less-reactive intermediates on the TiO2 surface. The latter may occupy active adsorption sites and causes drastic catalyst deactivation in some cases. Major hazardous gas-phase intermediates are benzene and formaldehyde, classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1 carcinogenic compounds. Adsorbed intermediates leading to catalyst deactivation are benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and cresols. The three most typical pathways of toluene photocatalytic oxidation are reviewed: methyl group oxidation, aromatic ring oxidation, and aromatic ring opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerzhigit Tulebekov
- Center of Physical-Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhandos Orazov
- Center of Physical-Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Bagdat Satybaldiyev
- Center of Physical-Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
- LLP «EcoRadSM», Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniel D Snow
- Water Sciences Laboratory, Nebraska Water Center, Part of the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | | | - Bolat Uralbekov
- Center of Physical-Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
- LLP «EcoRadSM», Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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6
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Soliman SS, Dey GR, McCormick CR, Schaak RE. Temporal Evolution of Morphology, Composition, and Structure in the Formation of Colloidal High-Entropy Intermetallic Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2023; 17:16147-16159. [PMID: 37549244 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Morphology-controlled nanoparticles of high entropy intermetallic compounds are quickly becoming high-value targets for catalysis. Their ordered structures with multiple distinct crystallographic sites, coupled with the "cocktail effect" that emerges from randomly mixing a large number of elements, yield catalytic active sites capable of achieving advanced catalytic functions. Despite this growing interest, little is known about the pathways by which high entropy intermetallic nanoparticles form and grow in solution. As a result, controlling their morphology remains challenging. Here, we use the high entropy intermetallic compound (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn, which adopts a NiAs-related crystal structure, as a model system for understanding how nanoparticle morphology, composition, and structure evolve during synthesis in solution using a slow-injection reaction. By performing a time-point study, we establish the initial formation of palladium-rich cube-like Pd-Sn seeds onto which the other metals deposit over time, concomitant with continued incorporation of tin. For (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn, growth occurs on the corners, resulting in a sample having a mixture of flower-like and cube-like morphologies. We then synthesize and characterize a library of 14 distinct intermetallic nanoparticle systems that comprise all possible binary, ternary, and quaternary constituents of (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn. From these studies, we correlated compositions, morphologies, and growth pathways with the constituent elements and their competitive reactivities, ultimately mapping out a framework that rationalizes the key features of the high entropy (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn intermetallic nanoparticles based on those of their simpler constituents. We then validated these design guidelines by applying them to the synthesis of a morphologically pure variant of flowerlike (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn particles as well as a series of (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn particles with tunable morphologies based on control of composition.
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7
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McKee ML, Vrána J, Holub J, Fanfrlík J, Hnyk D. DFT Surface Infers Ten-Vertex Cationic Carboranes from the Corresponding Neutral closo Ten-Vertex Family: The Computed Background Confirming Their Experimental Availability. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083645. [PMID: 37110879 PMCID: PMC10141709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern computational protocols based on the density functional theory (DFT) infer that polyhedral closo ten-vertex carboranes are key starting stationary states in obtaining ten-vertex cationic carboranes. The rearrangement of the bicapped square polyhedra into decaborane-like shapes with open hexagons in boat conformations is caused by attacks of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) on the closo motifs. Single-point computations on the stationary points found during computational examinations of the reaction pathways have clearly shown that taking the "experimental" NHCs into account requires the use of dispersion correction. Further examination has revealed that for the purposes of the description of reaction pathways in their entirety, i.e., together with all transition states and intermediates, a simplified model of NHCs is sufficient. Many of such transition states resemble in their shapes those that dictate Z-rearrangement among various isomers of closo ten-vertex carboranes. Computational results are in very good agreement with the experimental findings obtained earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L McKee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jan Vrána
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
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8
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Dey GR, McCormick CR, Soliman SS, Darling AJ, Schaak RE. Chemical Insights into the Formation of Colloidal High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2023; 17:5943-5955. [PMID: 36892599 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of high entropy alloys (HEAs) have distinct properties that result from their high surface-to-volume ratios coupled with synergistic interactions among their five or more constituent elements, which are randomly distributed throughout a crystalline lattice. Methods to synthesize HEA nanoparticles are emerging, including solution approaches that yield colloidal products. However, the complex multielement compositions of HEA nanoparticles make it challenging to identify and understand their reaction chemistry and the pathways by which they form, which hinders their rational synthesis. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis and elucidate the reaction pathways of seven colloidal HEA nanoparticle systems that contain various combinations of noble metals (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir), 3d transition metals (Ni, Fe, Co), and a p-block element (Sn). The nanoparticles were synthesized by slowly injecting a solution containing all five constituent metal salts into oleylamine and octadecene at 275 °C. Using NiPdPtRhIr as a lead system, we confirmed the homogeneous colocalization of all five elements and achieved tunable compositions by varying their ratios. We also observed heterogeneities, including Pd-rich regions, in a subpopulation of the NiPdPtRhIr sample. Halting the reaction at early time points and characterizing the isolated products revealed a time-dependent composition evolution from Pd-rich NiPd seeds to the final NiPdPtRhIr HEA. Similar reactions applied to FePdPtRhIr, CoPdPtRhIr, NiFePdPtIr, and NiFeCoPdPt, with modified conditions to most efficiently incorporate all five elements into each HEA, also revealed similar Pd-rich seeds with system-dependent differences in the rates and sequences of element uptake into the nanoparticles. When moving to SnPdPtRhIr and NiSnPdPtIr, the time-dependent formation pathway was more consistent with simultaneous coreduction rather than through formation of reactive seeds. These studies reveal important similarities and differences among the pathways by which different colloidal HEA nanoparticles form using the same synthetic method, as well as establish generality. The results provide guidelines for incorporating a range of different elements into HEA nanoparticles, ultimately providing fundamental knowledge about how to define and optimize synthetic protocols, expand into different HEA nanoparticle systems, and achieve high phase purity.
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9
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Sobczak I, Wisniewska J, Decyk P, Trejda M, Ziolek M. Activation of Ethanol Transformation on Copper-Containing SBA-15 and MnSBA-15 Catalysts by the Presence of Oxygen in the Reaction Mixture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to get insight into the pathway of the acetaldehyde formation from ethanol (the rate-limiting step in the production of 1,3-butadiene) on Cu-SBA-15 and Cu-MnSBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieves. Physicochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated by XRD, N2 ads/des, Uv-vis, XPS, EPR, pyridine adsorption combined with FTIR, 2-propanol decomposition and 2,5-hexanedione cyclization and dehydration test reactions. Ethanol dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde (without and with oxygen) was studied in a flow system using the FTIR technique. In particular, the effect of Lewis acid and basic (Lewis and BrØnsted) sites, and the oxygen presence in the gas reaction mixture with ethanol on the activity and selectivity of copper catalysts, was assessed and discussed. Two different reaction pathways have been proposed depending on the reaction temperature and the presence or absence of oxygen in the flow of the reagents (via ethoxy intermediate way at 593 K, in ethanol flow, or ethoxide intermediate way at 473 K in the presence of ethanol and oxygen in the reaction mixture).
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10
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Sun Y, Wu J, Wang Y, Li J, Wang N, Harding J, Mo S, Chen L, Chen P, Fu M, Ye D, Huang J, Tu X. Plasma-Catalytic CO 2 Hydrogenation over a Pd/ZnO Catalyst: In Situ Probing of Gas-Phase and Surface Reactions. JACS Au 2022; 2:1800-1810. [PMID: 36032530 PMCID: PMC9400056 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is a complex chemical process combining plasma-assisted gas-phase and surface reactions. Herein, we investigated CO2 hydrogenation over Pd/ZnO and ZnO in a tubular dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor at ambient pressure. Compared to the CO2 hydrogenation using Plasma Only or Plasma + ZnO, placing Pd/ZnO in the DBD almost doubled the conversion of CO2 (36.7%) and CO yield (35.5%). The reaction pathways in the plasma-enhanced catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 were investigated by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using a novel integrated in situ DBD/FTIR gas cell reactor, combined with online mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, kinetic analysis, and emission spectroscopic measurements. In plasma CO2 hydrogenation over Pd/ZnO, the hydrogenation of adsorbed surface CO2 on Pd/ZnO is the dominant reaction route for the enhanced CO2 conversion, which can be ascribed to the generation of a ZnO x overlay as a result of the strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) at the Pd-ZnO interface and the presence of abundant H species at the surface of Pd/ZnO; however, this important surface reaction can be limited in the Plasma + ZnO system due to a lack of active H species present on the ZnO surface and the absence of the SMSI. Instead, CO2 splitting to CO, both in the plasma gas phase and on the surface of ZnO, is believed to make an important contribution to the conversion of CO2 in the Plasma + ZnO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Sun
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- International
Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling
of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang
Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Junliang Wu
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaolin Wang
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.
| | - Jonathan Harding
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.
| | - Shengpeng Mo
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingli Fu
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daiqi Ye
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Laboratory
for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
Sydney Nano Institute, The University of
Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xin Tu
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell signaling pathways, which are a series of reactions that start at receptors and end at transcription factors, are basic to systems biology. Properly modeling the reactions in such pathways requires directed hypergraphs, where an edge is now directed between two sets of vertices. Inferring a pathway by the most parsimonious series of reactions corresponds to finding a shortest hyperpath in a directed hypergraph, which is NP-complete. The current state-of-the-art for shortest hyperpaths in cell signaling hypergraphs solves a mixed-integer linear program to find an optimal hyperpath that is restricted to be acyclic, and offers no efficiency guarantees. RESULTS We present, for the first time, a heuristic for general shortest hyperpaths that properly handles cycles, and is guaranteed to be efficient. We show the heuristic finds provably optimal hyperpaths for the class of singleton-tail hypergraphs, and also give a practical algorithm for tractably generating all source-sink hyperpaths. The accuracy of the heuristic is demonstrated through comprehensive experiments on all source-sink instances from the standard NCI-PID and Reactome pathway databases, which show it finds a hyperpath that matches the state-of-the-art mixed-integer linear program on over 99% of all instances that are acyclic. On instances where only cyclic hyperpaths exist, the heuristic surpasses the state-of-the-art, which finds no solution; on every such cyclic instance, enumerating all source-sink hyperpaths shows the solution found by the heuristic was in fact optimal. CONCLUSIONS The new shortest hyperpath heuristic is both fast and accurate. This makes finding source-sink hyperpaths, which in general may contain cycles, now practical for real cell signaling networks. AVAILABILITY Source code for the hyperpath heuristic in a new tool we call Hhugin (as well as for hyperpath enumeration, and all dataset instances) is available free for non-commercial use at http://hhugin.cs.arizona.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Krieger
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Computer Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA
| | - John Kececioglu
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Computer Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA
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12
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Douroudgari H, Bahrami H, Valadi FM, Tozihi M, Najafloo N, Vahedpour M. Exploring and modeling the ion mobility spectrometry of perindopril: Example of protonation-dissociation reactions in large molecules. J Mass Spectrom 2022; 57:e4814. [PMID: 35233864 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current research is constructed for considering the chemical ionization and dissociation of perindopril in the positive mode of corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry. Four product ion peaks are observed in the ion mobility spectrum of perindopril erbumine at the cell temperature of 473 K. These peaks are assigned through the obtained intensity variation analysis in the ion mobility spectra over the elapsed time accompanied by the calculations backed by the validated density functional theory (DFT). In this regard, the most stable ionic species associated with each peak and the corresponding reliable generation pathways are found by the well-confirmed meta hybrid density functional method, M06-2X. The peaks are assigned to the protonated perindopril and its dissociation products, including counter ion and the related fragment ions. However, the structures of the neutral perindopril in the gas phase are thoroughly assessed to find a more stable one. The predicted chemical ionization products by the theory are in excellent agreement with our presented experiment here. Theoretical evaluations demonstrated that the production of a fragment by dissociation process occurs when perindopril gets a proton from the ionization region. Also, without protons, there is no dissociation process. Therefore, our mechanism investigated here is the proton transfer one. All possible sites of perindopril are considered theoretically for protonation along with their possible reactions. In addition to the computed PES, the assigned ions for obtained spectra are confirmed by the computed equilibrium constants and rate constants. Our theoretical results show that the peak of the main fragment is for M-CH3 CH2 OH produced by a reaction pathway involving no barrier. This study opens new perspectives in interpreting large molecules spectra for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Bahrami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Manijeh Tozihi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nasim Najafloo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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13
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Tan X, Jiang K, Zhai S, Zhou J, Wang J, Cadien K, Li Z. X-Ray Spectromicroscopy Investigation of Heterogeneous Sodiation in Hard Carbon Nanosheets with Vertically Oriented (002) Planes. Small 2021; 17:e2102109. [PMID: 34651422 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hard carbon (HC) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries, but the performance remains unsatisfactory and the sodiation mechanism in HC is one of the most debated topics. Here, from self-assembled cellulose nanocrystal sheets with crystallographic texture, unique HC nanosheets with vertically oriented (002) planes are fabricated and used as a model HC to investigate the sodiation mechanisms using synchrotron scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) coupled with analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The model HC simplifies the 3D sodiation in a typical HC particle into a 2D sodiation, which facilitates the visualization of phase transformation at different states of charge. The results for the first time unveil that the sodiation in HC initiates heterogeneously, with multiple propagation fronts proceeding simultaneously, eventually merging into larger aggregates. The spatial correlation between the preferential adsorption and nucleation sites suggests that the heterogeneous nucleation is driven by the local Na-ion concentration, which is determined by defects or heteroatoms that have strong binding to Na ions. By identifying intercalation as the dominant sodium storage mechanism in the model HC, the findings highlight the importance of engineering the graphene layer orientation and the structural heterogeneity of edge sites to enhance the performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Tan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Keren Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Shengli Zhai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Jigang Zhou
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Ken Cadien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
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14
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Chen P, Li K, Lei B, Chen L, Cui W, Sun Y, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Dong F. Crystal-Structure-Dependent Photocatalytic Redox Activity and Reaction Pathways over Ga 2O 3 Polymorphs. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:50975-50987. [PMID: 34665608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated crystal structures generally affect the surface physicochemical properties of catalysts, causing variety in catalytic activity between polymorphs. However, the underlying mechanism has not been completely revealed, especially the influence of surface physicochemical properties on photocatalytic redox activity and the reaction mechanism. In this work, we reveal the mechanism of surface redox properties on different crystal forms of gallium oxide from a molecular level. α-Ga2O3 and β-Ga2O3 exhibit a slight difference in catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants due to comprehensive influencing factors, including their valence band position, reactive oxygen species, and pore structure properties related to the adsorption-reaction-desorption process. But the catalytic reduction ability of CO2 is obviously different due to the large differences of interaction between the surface of crystal structures and CO2 molecules, which are critical to determine the catalytic performance and reaction pathways. The enhanced adsorption and activation of CO2 on the α-Ga2O3 surface could promote the reduction reaction efficiency. Moreover, the large energy barrier of CH2* formation on β-Ga2O3 makes the formation of methane (CH4) relatively difficult compared to that on α-Ga2O3. The yield rate of CH4 (1.8 μmol·g-1·h-1) on α-Ga2O3 is three times better than that on β-Ga2O3 (CH4: 0.6 μmol·g-1·h-1). The current findings can offer novel insights into the understanding of crystal-structure-dependent photocatalytic performances and the design of new catalysts applied in energy conversion and environmental purification by crystal structure-tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- The Center of New Energy Materials and Technology, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Kanglu Li
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ben Lei
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Lvcun Chen
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Wen Cui
- The Center of New Energy Materials and Technology, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- The Center of New Energy Materials and Technology, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Fan Dong
- The Center of New Energy Materials and Technology, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
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15
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Sourav S, Wang Y, Kiani D, Baltrusaitis J, Fushimi RR, Wachs IE. New Mechanistic and Reaction Pathway Insights for Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) over Supported Na 2 WO 4 /SiO 2 Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21502-21511. [PMID: 34339591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complex structure of the catalytic active phase, and surface-gas reaction networks have hindered understanding of the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction mechanism by supported Na2 WO4 /SiO2 catalysts. The present study demonstrates, with the aid of in situ Raman spectroscopy and chemical probe (H2 -TPR, TAP and steady-state kinetics) experiments, that the long speculated crystalline Na2 WO4 active phase is unstable and melts under OCM reaction conditions, partially transforming to thermally stable surface Na-WOx sites. Kinetic analysis via temporal analysis of products (TAP) and steady-state OCM reaction studies demonstrate that (i) surface Na-WOx sites are responsible for selectively activating CH4 to C2 Hx and over-oxidizing CHy to CO and (ii) molten Na2 WO4 phase is mainly responsible for over-oxidation of CH4 to CO2 and also assists in oxidative dehydrogenation of C2 H6 to C2 H4 . These new insights reveal the nature of catalytic active sites and resolve the OCM reaction mechanism over supported Na2 WO4 /SiO2 catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Sourav
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, Energy Environment Science & Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, Energy Environment Science & Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA
| | - Daniyal Kiani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Rebecca R Fushimi
- Biological and Chemical Science and Engineering, Energy Environment Science & Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA
| | - Israel E Wachs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
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16
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Rezaei G, Meloni G. Study of the Synchrotron Photoionization Oxidation of Alpha-Angelica Lactone (AAL) Initiated by O( 3P) at 298, 550, and 700 K. Molecules 2021; 26:4070. [PMID: 34279410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biofuels have been receiving significant attention because of their potential for decreasing carbon emissions and providing a long-term renewable solution to unsustainable fossil fuels. Currently, lactones are some of the alternatives being produced. Many lactones occur in a range of natural substances and have many advantages over bioethanol. In this study, the oxidation of alpha-angelica lactone initiated by ground-state atomic oxygen, O(3P), was studied at 298, 550, and 700 K using synchrotron radiation coupled with multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL). Photoionization spectra and kinetic time traces were measured to identify the primary products. Ketene, acetaldehyde, methyl vinyl ketone, methylglyoxal, dimethyl glyoxal, and 5-methyl-2,4-furandione were characterized as major reaction products, with ketene being the most abundant at all three temperatures. Possible reaction pathways for the formation of the observed primary products were computed using the CBS–QB3 composite method.
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17
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Shang S, Xiong W, Yang C, Johannessen B, Liu R, Hsu HY, Gu Q, Leung MKH, Shang J. Atomically Dispersed Iron Metal Site in a Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation. ACS Nano 2021; 15:9670-9678. [PMID: 34024096 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of photocatalysts for efficient nitrogen (N2) fixation at ambient conditions is important for revolutionizing ammonia production and quite challenging because the great difficulty lies in the adsorption and activation of the inert N2. Inspired by a biological molecule, chlorophyll, featuring a porphyrin structure as the photosensitizer and enzyme nitrogenase featuring an iron (Fe) atom as a favorable binding site for N2via π-backbonding, here we developed a porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (PMOF) with Fe as the active center as an artificial photocatalyst for N2 reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions. The PMOF features aluminum (Al) as metal node imparting high stability and Fe incorporated and atomically dispersed by residing at each porphyrin ring promoting the adsorption and the activation of N2, termed Al-PMOF(Fe). Compared with the pristine Al-PMOF, Al-PMOF(Fe) exhibits a substantial enhancement in NH3 yield (635 μg g-1cat.) and production rate (127 μg h-1 g-1cat.) of 82% and 50%, respectively, on par with the best-performing MOF-based NRR catalysts. Three cycles of photocatalytic NRR experimental results corroborate a stable photocatalytic activity of Al-PMOF(Fe). The combined experimental and theoretical results reveal that the Fe-N site in Al-PMOF(Fe) is the active photocatalytic center that can mitigate the difficulty of the rate-determining step in photocatalytic NRR. The possible reaction pathways of NRR on Al-PMOF(Fe) were established. Our study of porphyrin-based MOF for the photocatalytic NRR will provide insight into the rational design of catalysts for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Shang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, 8 Yuexing first Road, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bernt Johannessen
- Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO), 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Rugeng Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, 8 Yuexing first Road, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, 8 Yuexing first Road, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinfen Gu
- Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO), 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Michael K H Leung
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Shang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, 8 Yuexing first Road, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
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18
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Vansco MF, Zuraski K, Winiberg FAF, Au K, Trongsiriwat N, Walsh PJ, Osborn DL, Percival CJ, Klippenstein SJ, Taatjes CA, Lester MI, Caravan RL. Functionalized Hydroperoxide Formation from the Reaction of Methacrolein-Oxide, an Isoprene-Derived Criegee Intermediate, with Formic Acid: Experiment and Theory. Molecules 2021; 26:3058. [PMID: 34065491 PMCID: PMC8161369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methacrolein oxide (MACR-oxide) is a four-carbon, resonance-stabilized Criegee intermediate produced from isoprene ozonolysis, yet its reactivity is not well understood. This study identifies the functionalized hydroperoxide species, 1-hydroperoxy-2-methylallyl formate (HPMAF), generated from the reaction of MACR-oxide with formic acid using multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry (MPIMS, 298 K = 25 °C, 10 torr = 13.3 hPa). Electronic structure calculations indicate the reaction proceeds via an energetically favorable 1,4-addition mechanism. The formation of HPMAF is observed by the rapid appearance of a fragment ion at m/z 99, consistent with the proposed mechanism and characteristic loss of HO2 upon photoionization of functional hydroperoxides. The identification of HPMAF is confirmed by comparison of the appearance energy of the fragment ion with theoretical predictions of its photoionization threshold. The results are compared to analogous studies on the reaction of formic acid with methyl vinyl ketone oxide (MVK-oxide), the other four-carbon Criegee intermediate in isoprene ozonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Vansco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA; (M.F.V.); (N.T.); (P.J.W.)
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Lemont, IL 60439, USA;
| | - Kristen Zuraski
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA;
| | - Frank A. F. Winiberg
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; (F.A.F.W.); (C.J.P.)
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kendrew Au
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA; (K.A.); (D.L.O.)
| | - Nisalak Trongsiriwat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA; (M.F.V.); (N.T.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA; (M.F.V.); (N.T.); (P.J.W.)
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA; (K.A.); (D.L.O.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carl J. Percival
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; (F.A.F.W.); (C.J.P.)
| | - Stephen J. Klippenstein
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Lemont, IL 60439, USA;
| | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA; (K.A.); (D.L.O.)
| | - Marsha I. Lester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA; (M.F.V.); (N.T.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Rebecca L. Caravan
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Lemont, IL 60439, USA;
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA;
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19
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Huang A, Cao Y, Delima RS, Ji T, Jansonius RP, Johnson NJJ, Hunt C, He J, Kurimoto A, Zhang Z, Berlinguette CP. Electrolysis Can Be Used to Resolve Hydrogenation Pathways at Palladium Surfaces in a Membrane Reactor. JACS Au 2021; 1:336-343. [PMID: 34467297 PMCID: PMC8395666 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For common hydrogenation chemistries that occur at high temperatures (where H2 is adsorbed and activated at the same surface which the substrate must also adsorb for reaction), there is often little consensus on how the reactions (e.g., hydro(deoxy)genation) actually occur. We demonstrate here that an electrocatalytic palladium membrane reactor (ePMR) can be used to study hydrogenation reaction mechanisms at ambient temperatures, where the catalyst does not necessarily undergo structural reorganization. The ePMR uses electrolysis and a hydrogen-selective palladium membrane to deliver reactive hydrogen to a catalyst surface in an adjacent compartment for reaction with an organic substrate. This process forms the requisite metal-hydride surface for hydrogenation chemistry, but at ambient temperature and pressure, and without a H2 source. We demonstrate the utility of this analytical tool by studying the hydrogenation of benzaldehyde at palladium nanocubes with dimensions of 13-24 nm. This experimental design enabled us to resolve that the alcohol product forms at the facial sites, whereas the hydrodeoxygenation step occurs at edge sites. These observations enabled us to develop the first site-specific definition of how a carbonyl species undergoes hydro(deoxy)genation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxue Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Yang Cao
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart
Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University
of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Roxanna S. Delima
- Stewart
Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University
of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tengxiao Ji
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ryan P. Jansonius
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Noah J. J. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Camden Hunt
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart
Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University
of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jingfu He
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Aiko Kurimoto
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zishuai Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Curtis P. Berlinguette
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart
Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University
of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Canadian
Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), 661 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1M1 Ontario, Canada
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20
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Ohno K, Kishimoto N, Iwamoto T, Satoh H, Watanabe H. High performance global exploration of isomers and isomerization channels on quantum chemical potential energy surface of H 5 C 2 NO 2. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:192-204. [PMID: 33146910 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High performance global exploration of isomers and isomerization channels on the quantum chemical potential energy surface (PES) is performed for H5 C2 NO2 by using the scaled hypersphere search-anharmonic downward distortion following (SHS-ADDF) method. A multi-node operation, NeoGRRM, has achieved high performance exploration calculations for the large system by submitting SHS-ADDF sub-jobs into many cores in parallel and unifying the results of sub-jobs into the total lists of the main-job. Global exploration of equilibrium (EQ) and transition-state structures at the level of B3LYP/6-31G(d) gave 3210 EQs and 23278 TSs. Nine compounds were found in the low energy regions of 0-100 kJ/mol; the lowest energy compound is N-methylcarbamic acid, the second is methyl carbamate, and the third is glycine (the most fundamental amino acid). Interconversion pathways between the conformers of each of the low energy compounds were surveyed. Isomerization channels around glycine were explored in detail. The lowest energy barriers around some of the EQs turned to be negative after zero-point energy corrections. This indicates that those structures cannot exist as independent structures because they spontaneously collapse into more stable structures. The global PES search showed various interesting dissociating channels which indicate synthon reaction pathways in the reverse directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ohno
- Institute for Quantum Chemical Exploration, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroko Satoh
- Institute for Quantum Chemical Exploration, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Liu Z, Jiang W, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang D, Hao D, Yao W, Teng F. Optimizing the Carbon Dioxide Reduction Pathway through Surface Modification by Halogenation. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:5638-5646. [PMID: 32871053 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Facilitating the charge separation of semiconductor photocatalysts to increase the photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity has become a great challenge for sustainable energy conversion. Herein, the surface halogen-modified defect-rich Bi2 WO6 nanosheets have been successfully prepared to address the aforementioned challenge. Importantly, the modification of surface with halogen atoms is beneficial for the adsorption and activation for CO2 molecules and charge separation. These properties have been analyzed by experimental and theoretical methods. DFT calculations revealed that the modification of the Bi2 WO6 surface with Br atoms can decrease the formation energy of the *COOH intermediate, which accelerates CO2 conversion. All halogen-modified defect-rich Bi2 WO6 nanosheets showed an enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity. Specifically, Br-Bi2 WO6 exhibited the best CO generation rate of 13.8 μmol g-1 h-1 , which is roughly 7.3 times as high as the unmodified defect-rich Bi2 WO6 (1.9 μmol g-1 h-1 ). Moreover, in the presence of a cocatalyst (cobalt phthalocyanine) and a sacrificial agent (triethanolamine), Br-Bi2 WO6 exhibited an even further improved CO generation rate of 187 μmol g-1 h-1 . This finding provides a new approach to optimize the CO2 reduction pathway of semiconductor photocatalysts, which is beneficial to develop highly efficient CO2 reduction photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailun Liu
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, 104 Youyi Road, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, 104 Youyi Road, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, 104 Youyi Road, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, 104 Youyi Road, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, P. R. China
| | - Derek Hao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Yao
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, 104 Youyi Road, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
| | - Fei Teng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, P. R. China
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22
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Holub J, Vishnevskiy YV, Fanfrlík J, Mitzel NW, Tikhonov D, Schwabedissen J, McKee ML, Hnyk D. Bromination Mechanism of closo-1,2-C 2 B 10 H 12 and the Structure of the Resulting 9-Br-closo-1,2-C 2 B 10 H 11 Determined by Gas Electron Diffraction. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2606-2610. [PMID: 33029907 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
9-Br-closo-1,2-C2 B10 H11 has been prepared and its gas-phase structure has been examined by means of gas electron diffraction. The structure of the carbaborane core is similar to the structure of the parent compound, which is of C2v symmetry. A DFT-based search for the corresponding reaction pathway of the bromination of closo-1,2-C2 B10 H12 revealed that the catalytic amount of aluminum reduces the barrier of the initial attack of the bromination agent toward the negatively charged part of the icosahedral carbaborane, i. e., the first transition state, from about 40 to about 27 kcalmol-1 . The Br-Br bond is weakened by an intermediate binding to the large π-hole on the aluminum atom of AlBr3 , which is the driving force for the AlBr3 -catalyzed bromination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-250 68, Husinec - Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16610, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Denis Tikhonov
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael L McKee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-250 68, Husinec - Řež, Czech Republic
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23
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Abstract
Despite the intense amount of attention and huge potential of 2D-layered pnictogens for applications in chemistry, physics, and materials science, there has yet to be a robust strategy developed to systematically functionalize them to tailor their properties. This is due to a number of factors, including practical instability toward ambient conditions, difficulty in characterizing modified materials, and also more inherent reactivity issues. Here, avenues for functionalization are discussed using examples of molecular models from the wider literature, along with their possible advantages and likely pitfalls. Finally, a critical appraisal of the current field and its future is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Jellett
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Plutnar
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno 616 00, Czech Republic
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24
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Lee JM, Kraynak LA, Prieto AL. A Directed Route to Colloidal Nanoparticle Synthesis of the Copper Selenophosphate Cu 3 PSe 4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3038-3042. [PMID: 31828911 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first colloidal nanoparticle synthesis of the copper selenophosphate Cu3 PSe4 , a promising new material for photovoltaics, is reported. Because the formation of binary copper selenide impurities seemed to form more readily, two approaches were developed to install phosphorus bonds directly: 1) the synthesis of molecular P4 Se3 and subsequent reaction with a copper precursor, (P-Se)+Cu, and 2) the synthesis of copper phosphide, Cu3 P, nanoparticles and subsequent reaction with a selenium precursor, (Cu-P)+Se. The isolation and purification of Cu3 P nanoparticles and subsequent selenization yielded phase-pure Cu3 PSe4 . Solvent effects and Se precursor reactivities were elucidated and were key to understanding the final reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Leslie A Kraynak
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Amy L Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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25
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He X, Huang H, Tang Y, Guo L. Kinetics and mechanistic study on degradation of prednisone acetate by ozone. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2019; 55:292-304. [PMID: 31769340 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1688020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prednisone acetate (PNSA) is one of the regular glucocorticoid medicines that have been detected in surface water. In this work, the removal of PNSA by ozone was systematically studied under various conditions, and degradation intermediates and reaction pathways were proposed. The results showed that aqueous ozonation was able to remove PNSA effectively, and low pH favored this reaction. The addition of tertiary butanol did not inhibit the oxidation of PNSA by ozone, suggesting that the degradation was caused mainly by the direct oxidation effect of ozone molecules. Moreover, the presence of carboxylated or hydroxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes can enhance the removal efficiency of PNSA by ozone. Under neutral and acidic conditions, the degradation of PNSA followed pseudo-first-order reaction. Seven intermediates were detected via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the degradation pathways were then proposed by considering the relative charge density of the frontier orbitals calculated with the Gaussian program. The electrophilic reaction and the Criegee mechanism were the primary reaction mechanisms in the degradation of PNSA by ozone. Formic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid were detected as the final reaction products via ion chromatography. Additionally, the aquatic toxicity of the ozonation products was predicted using ECOSAR method. The biodegradation potentials of the pollutant and the ozonation products were estimated using BIOWINTM, suggesting that O3 treatment could significantly enhance the biodegradable potentials of PNSA and its transformation intermediates in the biological post-treatment process. This work can provide useful information for the treatment of PNSA-containing wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling He
- Department of Environmental Science, Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Guangdong Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Environmental Science, Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Guangdong Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Environmental Science, Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Guangdong Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Guo
- Department of Environmental Science, Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Guangdong Foshan, P.R. China
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26
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Chen X, Sun Y, Qi Y, Liu L, Xu F, Zhao Y. Mechanistic and Kinetic Investigations on the Ozonolysis of Biomass Burning Products: Guaiacol, Syringol and Creosol. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4492. [PMID: 31514377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The lignin pyrolysis products generated by biomass combustion make an essential contribution to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). The ozone-initiated oxidation of guaiacol, syringol and creosol, major constituents of biomass burning, were investigated theoretically by using the density functional theory (DFT) method at the MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p)//MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) level. Six primary addition reaction pathways and further decomposition routes with corresponding thermodynamic values were proposed. The Criegee intermediates can be excited by small molecules, such as NOx, H2O in the atmosphere, and would further proceed via self-decomposition or isomerization. The most predominant product for ozonation of guaiacol is the monomethyl muconate (P1). At 295 K and atmospheric pressure, the rate constant is 1.10 × 10-19 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, which is lies a factor of 4 smaller than the previous experimental study. The branching ratios of the six channels are calculated based on corresponding rate coefficient. The present work mainly provides a more comprehensive and detailed theoretical research on the ozonation of methoxyphenol, which aspires to offer novel insights and reference for future experimental and theoretical work and control techniques of SOAs caused by lignin pyrolysis products.
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27
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Kang X, Li C, Zheng Z, Cui X. Facile Preparation of Micrometer KClO₄/Zr Energetic Composite Particles with Enhanced Light Radiation. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E199. [PMID: 30634412 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Developing energetic composite materials consisting of fuel and oxidizer is an effective strategy to enhance the energy release property. However, this strategy has rarely been applied in Potassium Perchlorate (KClO4)-containing energetic materials, even though KClO4 is a much stronger oxidizer than most previously reported metal-oxide oxidizer. One of the main obstacles is the lack of simple and in situ ways to introduce KClO4 into the composite. In present work, micrometer KClO4/Zirconium (KClO4/Zr) composite particles were successfully prepared using a facile chemical solution-deposition method. The structure and particle morphologies of as-obtained KClO4/Zr composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM)-EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometer). The evolutionary combustion behavior was evaluated using flame-based light-radiation spectra and successive photography technique. Results showed that the morphology, light-radiation properties and flame-evolution characteristics of KClO4/Zr composite varied with the content of KClO4 and the particle size of Zr. Compared with the mechanical mixture of KClO4/Zr, the KClO4/Zr composite showed much higher light-radiation intensity and longer light-emission duration time after reasonably controlling the preparation parameters. Flame photographs revealed that the enhanced light radiation of KClO4/Zr composite should be ascribed to higher use efficiency of “oxygen” in the oxidizer, which promoted both the solid–solid and solid–gas reaction pathways between KClO4 and Zr.
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28
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Tu W, Xu Y, Yin S, Xu R. Rational Design of Catalytic Centers in Crystalline Frameworks. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1707582. [PMID: 29873121 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline frameworks including primarily metal organic frameworks (MOF) and covalent organic frameworks (COF) have received much attention in the field of heterogeneous catalysts recently. Beyond providing large surface area and spatial confinement, these crystalline frameworks can be designed to either directly act as or influence the catalytic sites at molecular level. This approach offers a unique advantage to gain deeper insights of structure-activity correlations in solid materials, leading to new guiding principles for rational design of advanced solid catalysts for potential important applications related to energy and fine chemical synthesis. In this review, recent key progress achieved in designing MOF- and COF-based molecular solid catalysts and the mechanistic understanding of the catalytic centers and associated reaction pathways are summarized. The state-of-the-art rational design of MOF- and COF-based solid catalysts in this review is grouped into seven different areas: (i) metalated linkers, (ii) metalated moieties anchored on linkers, (iii) organic moieties anchored on linkers, (iv) encapsulated single sites in pores, and (v) metal-mode-based active sites in MOFs. Along with this, some attention is paid to theoretical studies about the reaction mechanisms. Finally, technical challenges and possible solutions in applying these catalysts for practical applications are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Tu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - You Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Shengming Yin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Rong Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- C4T CREATE, National Research Foundation, CREATE Tower 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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29
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Elber R, Bello-Rivas JM, Ma P, Cardenas AE, Fathizadeh A. Calculating Iso-Committor Surfaces as Optimal Reaction Coordinates with Milestoning. Entropy (Basel) 2017; 19:219. [PMID: 28757794 PMCID: PMC5531205 DOI: 10.3390/e19050219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reaction coordinates are vital tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis of molecular processes. They provide a simple picture of reaction progress and essential input for calculations of free energies and rates. Iso-committor surfaces are considered the optimal reaction coordinate. We present an algorithm to compute efficiently a sequence of isocommittor surfaces. These surfaces are considered an optimal reaction coordinate. The algorithm analyzes Milestoning results to determine the committor function. It requires only the transition probabilities between the milestones, and not transition times. We discuss the following numerical examples: (i) a transition in the Mueller potential; (ii) a conformational change of a solvated peptide; and (iii) cholesterol aggregation in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Elber
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Juan M. Bello-Rivas
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Piao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alfredo E. Cardenas
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Arman Fathizadeh
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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30
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Abstract
The first bis(σ-zincane) complexes, heterotri- metallic species [M(CO)4 (η2 -HZnBDI)2 ], have been prepared (BDI=κ2 -{2,6-(iPr)2 C6 H3 NCMe}2 CH). For M=Cr, a single stereoisomer is observed in solution and the solid-state. For M=Mo and W, cis and trans isomers were found to reversibly interconvert at 297 K. Despite the huge steric demands of the ligand on zinc, the cis isomer was found to be the most thermodynamically stable in all cases. The activation parameters for the isomerisation when M=Mo are ΔH≠ =20.8 kcal mol-1 and ΔS≠ =-12.8 cal K-1 mol-1 . In combination with DFT calculations, the negative activation entropy suggests an intramolecular rotation mechanism for isomerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ekkert
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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31
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Ohno K, Kishimoto N, Iwamoto T, Satoh H. Global exploration of isomers and isomerization channels on the quantum chemical potential energy surface of H3
CNO3. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:669-687. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ohno
- Institute for Quantum Chemical Exploration, Kaigan 3-9-15; Minato-ku Tokyo 108-0022 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku; Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku; Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku; Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - Hiroko Satoh
- Institute for Quantum Chemical Exploration, Kaigan 3-9-15; Minato-ku Tokyo 108-0022 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Zurich 8057 Switzerland
- Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS); Tokyo 105-0001 Japan
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32
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Niu KY, Fang L, Ye R, Nordlund D, Doeff MM, Lin F, Zheng H. Tailoring Transition-Metal Hydroxides and Oxides by Photon-Induced Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14272-14276. [PMID: 27754583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Controlled synthesis of transition-metal hydroxides and oxides with earth-abundant elements have attracted significant interest because of their wide applications, for example as battery electrode materials or electrocatalysts for fuel generation. Here, we report the tuning of the structure of transition-metal hydroxides and oxides by controlling chemical reactions using an unfocused laser to irradiate the precursor solution. A Nd:YAG laser with wavelengths of 532 nm or 1064 nm was used. The Ni2+ , Mn2+ , and Co2+ ion-containing aqueous solution undergoes photo-induced reactions and produces hollow metal-oxide nanospheres (Ni0.18 Mn0.45 Co0.37 Ox ) or core-shell metal hydroxide nanoflowers ([Ni0.15 Mn0.15 Co0.7 (OH)2 ](NO3 )0.2 ⋅H2 O), depending on the laser wavelengths. We propose two reaction pathways, either by photo-induced redox reaction or hydrolysis reaction, which are responsible for the formation of distinct nanostructures. The study of photon-induced materials growth shines light on the rational design of complex nanostructures with advanced functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yang Niu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Liang Fang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Rong Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Marca M Doeff
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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33
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He K, Lin F, Zhu Y, Yu X, Li J, Lin R, Nordlund D, Weng TC, Richards RM, Yang XQ, Doeff MM, Stach EA, Mo Y, Xin HL, Su D. Sodiation Kinetics of Metal Oxide Conversion Electrodes: A Comparative Study with Lithiation. Nano Lett 2015; 15:5755-63. [PMID: 26288360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of sodium ion batteries (NIBs) can provide an alternative to lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for sustainable, low-cost energy storage. However, due to the larger size and higher m/e ratio of the sodium ion compared to lithium, sodiation reactions of candidate electrodes are expected to differ in significant ways from the corresponding lithium ones. In this work, we investigated the sodiation mechanism of a typical transition metal-oxide, NiO, through a set of correlated techniques, including electrochemical and synchrotron studies, real-time electron microscopy observation, and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We found that a crystalline Na2O reaction layer that was formed at the beginning of sodiation plays an important role in blocking the further transport of sodium ions. In addition, sodiation in NiO exhibits a "shrinking-core" mode that results from a layer-by-layer reaction, as identified by ab initio MD simulations. For lithiation, however, the formation of Li antisite defects significantly distorts the local NiO lattice that facilitates Li insertion, thus enhancing the overall reaction rate. These observations delineate the mechanistic difference between sodiation and lithiation in metal-oxide conversion materials. More importantly, our findings identify the importance of understanding the role of reaction layers on the functioning of electrodes and thus provide critical insights into further optimizing NIB materials through surface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yizhou Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ruoqian Lin
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ryan M Richards
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Materials Science Program, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Marca M Doeff
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yifei Mo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Dong Su
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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Gosselink RW, Hollak SAW, Chang SW, van Haveren J, de Jong KP, Bitter JH, van Es DS. Reaction pathways for the deoxygenation of vegetable oils and related model compounds. ChemSusChem 2013; 6:1576-94. [PMID: 23913576 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oil-based feeds are regarded as an alternative source for the production of fuels and chemicals. Paraffins and olefins can be produced from these feeds through catalytic deoxygenation. The fundamentals of this process are mostly studied by using model compounds such as fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and specific triglycerides because of their structural similarity to vegetable oils. In this Review we discuss the impact of feedstock, reaction conditions, and nature of the catalyst on the reaction pathways of the deoxygenation of vegetable oils and its derivatives. As such, we conclude on the suitability of model compounds for this reaction. It is shown that the type of catalyst has a significant effect on the deoxygenation pathway, that is, group 10 metal catalysts are active in decarbonylation/decarboxylation whereas metal sulfide catalysts are more selective to hydrodeoxygenation. Deoxygenation studies performed under H2 showed similar pathways for fatty acids, fatty acid esters, triglycerides, and vegetable oils, as mostly deoxygenation occurs indirectly via the formation of fatty acids. Deoxygenation in the absence of H2 results in significant differences in reaction pathways and selectivities depending on the feedstock. Additionally, using unsaturated feedstocks under inert gas results in a high selectivity to undesired reactions such as cracking and the formation of heavies. Therefore, addition of H2 is proposed to be essential for the catalytic deoxygenation of vegetable oil feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Gosselink
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, Utrecht, CA, 3584 (The Netherlands)
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