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Tseluikin V, Dzhumieva A, Yakovlev A, Tikhonov D, Tribis A, Strilets A, Lopukhova M. Electrodeposition and Properties of Composite Ni Coatings Modified with Multilayer Graphene Oxide. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1747. [PMID: 37763910 PMCID: PMC10537176 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of this study, Ni-based composite electrochemical coatings (CECs) modified with multilayer graphene oxide (GO) processed using microwave radiation have been deposited. The process of these coatings' electrodeposition in the potentiodynamic mode has been studied. The structure of Ni-GO and Ni-GO (MW) CECs has been studied using X-ray phase analysis (XPA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).It has been shown that the addition of GO into a nickel deposit contributes to the formation of uniform fine-grained coatings. As a result, the microhardness of the Ni-GO (MW) CECs increases by 1.40 times compared to Ni without GO. The corrosion-electrochemical behavior of nickel CECs in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was researched. It was established that the corrosion rate of the nickel-GO (MW) CEC in 3.5% NaCl decreases by about 1.70 times in contrast to unmodified nickel coatings. This effect is due to the absence of agglomeration of the graphene oxide in the volume of the nickel matrix and the impermeability of GO particles to the corrosive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Tseluikin
- Engels Technological Institute, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Polytechnichskaya St., 77, 410054 Saratov, Russia; (A.D.); (A.Y.); (D.T.); (A.T.); (A.S.); (M.L.)
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Nikolaev M, Tikhonov D. Light-Sensitive Open Channel Block of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors by Quaternary Ammonium Azobenzene Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13773. [PMID: 37762075 PMCID: PMC10530362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate ionotropic receptors mediate fast excitation processes in the central nervous system of vertebrates and play an important role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Here, we describe the action of two azobenene-containing compounds, AAQ (acrylamide-azobenzene-quaternary ammonium) and QAQ (quaternary ammonium-azobenzene-quaternary ammonium), which produced rapid and fully reversible light-dependent inhibition of glutamate ionotropic receptors. The compounds demonstrated voltage-dependent inhibition with only minor voltage-independent allosteric action. Calcium-impermeable AMPA receptors had weaker sensitivity compared to NMDA and calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. We further revealed that the compounds bound to NMDA and calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in different modes. They were able to enter the wide selectivity filter of AMPA receptors, and strong negative voltages caused permeation into the cytoplasm. The narrow selectivity filter of the NMDA receptors did not allow the molecules to bypass them; therefore, QAQ and AAQ bound to the shallow channel site and prevented channel closure by a foot-in-the-door mechanism. Computer simulations employing available AMPA and NMDA receptor structures readily reproduced the experimental findings, allowing for the structure-based design of more potent and selective drugs in the future. Thus, our work creates a framework for the development of light-sensitive blockers of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors, which are desirable tools for neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Nikolaev
- I.M.Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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Panikratova Y, Abdullina E, Tikhonov D, Kaleda V, Lebedeva I. Resting-state Functional Connectivity within Frontoparietal Network in Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Individuals with Better and Worse Executive Functions. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9563486 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SP) demonstrate heterogeneity in executive functions (EF) associated with the quality of outcome. However, neurobiological mechanisms of this heterogeneity are understudied.
Objectives
We aimed to identify features of resting-state functional connectivity (FC) within the frontoparietal network (FPN) that discriminate between SP and healthy individuals (HI) with better and worse EF.
Methods
Twenty-five SP (mean age 20.8±3.23, illness duration 1.3±2.1 years, all males) and twenty-six HI (mean age 25.17±3.46, all males) underwent EF assessment (4 verbal fluency tests and a modified Stroop task) as well as resting-state fMRI (3T).
Results
We used k-means clustering based on EF scores to divide all participants into groups with worse (15 SP, 6 HI) and better EF (10 SP, 20 HI). These groups differed in productivity of all verbal fluency tasks and performance time of the Stroop task. Differences between four subgroups (HI/SP with worse/better EF) were revealed in FC between the cingulate and lateral prefrontal cortex in the left hemisphere (ANCOVA, p-uncorrected<.005, p[FDR]<.05; Fig. 1). SP and HI within each group demonstrated a similar FC pattern. SP with poorer EF had increased FC, compared to HI with higher EF. HI with poorer EF demonstrated increased FC, compared to HI and SP with better EF.
Conclusions
FC within FPN may be one of the neurophysiological underpinnings of EF heterogeneity in SP as well as in HI. Further machine learning fMRI studies are needed to clarify whether FC within FPN is a prognostic marker in schizophrenia.
Disclosure
The study was supported by RFBR Grant 20-013-00748.
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Kaleda V, Tikhonov D. Different trajectories of the first-episode psychosis remission in young adults. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567227 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Analysis of the first-episode psychosis remission, including post-psychotic affective and primary negative symptoms as well as personality changes, is necessary to personalize therapy and rehabilitation. Objectives We aimed to identify different trajectories of psychosis remission in young adults. Methods First-episode psychosis patients (n=56, mean age 19.8±2.5 years, all males) underwent psychopathological assessment at the stage of remission. Results Three trajectories of remission were identified. The thymopathic trajectory (33.93%, 19 patients) was characterized by the gradual increase of subclinical affective symptoms and resulted with a high-quality remission. In 63.61% cases in this group persistent depressed mood was present after a psychotic episode. Some patients (36.84%) became prone to depressive reactions. The pathocharacterological trajectory (39.28%, 22 patients) was characterised by personality changes with increase of existing traits or the development of traits previously not present. Types with an increase of schizoid (14.29%), histrionic (19.64%), and anxiety-hypochondriacal (5.36%) traits were identified. Patients in this group had high- as well as low-quality remission. The destructive trajectory (26.79%, 15 patients) was characterised by residual positive or single negative symptoms. Patients in this subgroup had low-quality remission with poor functioning and signs of treatment resistance. Conclusions Analysis of trajectories of the first-episode psychosis remission allowed us to choose the most effective strategy for personalized supportive treatment. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Panikratova Y, Abdullina E, Tikhonov D, Kaleda V, Lebedeva I. Decreased Resting-state fMRI Local Coherence in Schizophrenia Patients with Poor Long-term Outcome. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9563533 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Schizophrenia is heterogeneous in terms of symptoms and outcome, but neurobiology of this heterogeneity is not well-studied. Local correlation analysis of fMRI data provides a measure of local coherence, i.e., average correlation between BOLD-signal in a voxel and its neighbours. Local correlation is a promising approach, and it seems important to find links between local brain coherence and schizophrenia outcome. Objectives We aimed to compare brain local coherence between schizophrenia patients with varied long-term outcomes and healthy controls (HC). Methods Patients with chronic schizophrenia spectrum disorders (37 males, mean age 41.5±5.5) and HC (17 males, mean age 38±7.7) underwent resting-state fMRI (3T). Cluster analysis based on PANSS and PSP allowed us to allocate patients into two subgroups (N = 13/24). The second subgroup had significantly more marked negative and general psychopathology symptoms and worse functioning than the first subgroup. Local coherence in the brain was compared between clinical subgroups and HC (ANOVA, p<.001 voxelwise, p[FDR]<.05 clusterwise). Results Local coherence in the paracingulate gyri bilaterally ({-2; 58; 14}; 2712 mm3) differentiated the groups. Post hoc analysis revealed decreased local coherence in the subgroup with poorer outcome compared to HC, along with the absence of differences between the subgroup with better outcome and HC. There were no differences between clinical subgroups. Conclusions Hypoactivity of the cingulate cortex is related to negative symptoms (Bersani et al., 2014). Their severity, in turn, is strongly associated with outcome. Thus, local coherence in the cingulate cortex may be one of the factors which underlie outcome heterogeneity. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Zozulya S, Tikhonov D, Kaleda V, Klyushnik T. Dynamics of immune markers in different variants of post-psychotic depression after first-episode psychosis in young adult age. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9562761 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research in recent decades focuses on understanding the role of the immune system in First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) at a young age. Our studies indicate that different stages of schizophrenia differ in the spectrum of inflammation markers. These indicators reflect the activity of the pathological process, using them as markers of the clinical state of patients at different stages of the disease. Objectives To assess the relationship of immune markers with the clinical features of remission in patients after FEP. Methods Fifty patients aged 15-25 years with post-psychotic depression (PD) after FEP (F20, F25) and 30 healthy men were included in the study. The follow-up period was two years. PD typological variants with positive affectivity (PA) (n=30) and negative affectivity (NA) (n=20) were distinguished. Leukocyte elastase (LE), a1-proteinase inhibitor (a1-PI) activity, and S-100B autoantibodies in plasma samples were measured. Results The increase of LE and a1-PI activity in plasma of both types of PD patients compared to controls was detected (p<0.01). There was the highest LE activity and S-100B autoantibodies in PD with NA (p<0.05). The different dynamics of immune markers in both groups were correlated to the clinical features of remission. PD with PA was associated with a decrease in inflammatory markers (p<0.05) and a favorable prognosis. PD patients with NA had a further increase in LE activity and S-100B autoantibodies (p<0.01), and an unfavorable prognosis. Conclusions The results confirm using the immune indicators as markers to assess the quality of remission after FEP in young adult age and the risk of recurrent psychotic attacks. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Keckert S, Kleindienst R, Kugeler O, Tikhonov D, Knobloch J. Characterizing materials for superconducting radiofrequency applications-A comprehensive overview of the quadrupole resonator design and measurement capabilities. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:064710. [PMID: 34243532 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Test cavities to characterize superconductor samples are of great interest for the development of materials suitable for superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerator systems. They can be used to investigate fundamental SRF loss mechanisms and to study the material limitations for accelerator applications. Worldwide, this research is based on only few systems that differ in operating frequency, sample size and shape, and the accessible parameter space of frequency, temperature, and RF field strength. For useful performance predictions in future accelerators, it is important that the operating parameter range is close to that employed in accelerating systems. Since 2014, the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin has operated such a system built around a redesigned Quadrupole Resonator (QPR). It is based on a system originally developed at CERN. Important new design modifications were developed, along with new measurement techniques and insight into their limitations. In the meantime, an increasing number of laboratories are adopting the QPR for their measurement campaigns. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art, the wide spectrum of measurement capabilities, and a detailed analysis of measurement uncertainties, as well as the limitations one should be aware of to maximize the effectiveness of the system. In the process, we provide examples of measurements performed with Nb3Sn and bulk niobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keckert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Kleindienst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - O Kugeler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Tikhonov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Knobloch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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Kaleda V, Tikhonov D. Achievement of remission after first-episode psychosis in youth. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9480277 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dynamic assessment of remission achievement after first-episode psychosis (FEP) is necessary for early detection of post-psychotic depression, negative symptoms and changes in personality traits. The latter allows to decrease suicide risk and optimize treatment and social rehabilitation. Objectives We aimed to analyze achievement of remission after FEP in youth and to define prognostic criteria for psychosis outcome. Methods Fifty-six patients (16-25 y.o., mean age 19,8 ±2,5 y.o.) after FEP have been receiving follow-up outpatient visits for 3 years. PANSS was applied to assess psychotic symptoms. Depressive symptoms were assessed with HAMD-21. Results Remission achievement after FEP is a three-stage process. The stage of reduction and modification of psychotic symptoms is characterized by diminishing personality deterioration and decrease of leading positive symptoms. The second stage, stabilization, is defined through the presence of depressive symptoms with positive (HAMD-21 17,49 ± 7,49) and negative affectivity (HAMD-21 23,68 ± 9,24) with preponderance of emotional, volitional, and cognitive deficits as well as high suicide risk. The third stage, reintegration, is characterized by the combination of negative symptoms with preserved personality resources. There are three reintegration trajectories, with predominant affective or negative symptoms or personality deficits. Mean decrease of PANSS scores was 54,88 ± 6,17 during the overall remission. In the majority of cases (62,5%) the stage of reintegration was finished with the achievement of high-quality remission, coinciding with international remission criteria. The study was supported by RFBR grant 18-013-01214 Conclusions Our approach to remission assessment allowed us to decrease suicide risk and to provide optimal treatment. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Holub J, Vishnevskiy YV, Fanfrlík J, Mitzel NW, Tikhonov D, Schwabedissen J, McKee ML, Hnyk D. Bromination Mechanism of closo-1,2-C 2 B 10 H 12 and the Structure of the Resulting 9-Br-closo-1,2-C 2 B 10 H 11 Determined by Gas Electron Diffraction. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2606-2610. [PMID: 33029907 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
9-Br-closo-1,2-C2 B10 H11 has been prepared and its gas-phase structure has been examined by means of gas electron diffraction. The structure of the carbaborane core is similar to the structure of the parent compound, which is of C2v symmetry. A DFT-based search for the corresponding reaction pathway of the bromination of closo-1,2-C2 B10 H12 revealed that the catalytic amount of aluminum reduces the barrier of the initial attack of the bromination agent toward the negatively charged part of the icosahedral carbaborane, i. e., the first transition state, from about 40 to about 27 kcalmol-1 . The Br-Br bond is weakened by an intermediate binding to the large π-hole on the aluminum atom of AlBr3 , which is the driving force for the AlBr3 -catalyzed bromination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-250 68, Husinec - Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16610, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Denis Tikhonov
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael L McKee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-250 68, Husinec - Řež, Czech Republic
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Baše T, Holub J, Fanfrlík J, Hnyk D, Lane PD, Wann DA, Vishnevskiy YV, Tikhonov D, Reuter CG, Mitzel NW. Icosahedral Carbaboranes with Peripheral Hydrogen-Chalcogenide Groups: Structures from Gas Electron Diffraction and Chemical Shielding in Solution. Chemistry 2019; 25:2313-2321. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Baše
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; 250 68 Husinec-Řež Czech Republic
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; 250 68 Husinec-Řež Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of, the Czech Academy of Sciences; 166 10 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; 250 68 Husinec-Řež Czech Republic
| | - Paul D. Lane
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- Present address: School of Engineering and Physical Sciences; Heriot-Watt University; Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Derek A. Wann
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Yury V. Vishnevskiy
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie, und Strukturchemie, Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM 2; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Denis Tikhonov
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie, und Strukturchemie, Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM 2; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
- Present addresses: Department of Physical Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- FS-SMP Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY); Notkestrasse 85, Building 25f, Room 353 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Christian G. Reuter
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie, und Strukturchemie, Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM 2; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie, und Strukturchemie, Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM 2; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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Rupchev G, Alekseev A, Morozova M, Kaleda V, Tkhostov A, Tikhonov D, Listova A. Executive Function Assessment in Young Hospitalized Schizophrenic Patients with the “CANTAB Schizophrenia Battery” (Russian Sample). Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionImpairment of executive function is the fundamental feature of the cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia has to be measured throughout the illness regularly. Computerized technologies for assessment of cognitive dysfunction are widely used. However, their applicability in hospitalized schizophrenic patients setting should be specially examined.ObjectiveExecutive function in schizophrenia.AimsTo test the applicability of “CANTAB” neurocognitive battery for measurement of executive function in young hospitalized schizophrenic patients in Russian sample.MethodsFifteen inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 (F 20.хх), 13 males and 2 females, aged 23.5(SD 3.2), disease duration is 5(SD 1.6) years and 16 healthy individuals, 7 males and 9 females, aged 21.3(SD 0.7). Spatial Working Memory (SWM) (Mnemonic Executive function), Stockings of Cambridge (OTS) (Planning Executive function), Intra/Extra-Dimensional Shift (IED) (Cognitive flexibility) were administered.ResultsThe majority of patients and controls easily understood the test instructions. Both groups did not have any difficulties with the touchpad. The “CANTAB” demonstrated sensitivity to the impairments of executive function. As a group, patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse than controls on almost all tests: SWM–Between errors (P = 0.028), Total errors (P = 0.019), Strategy (P = 0.03), Mean time to last response (P = 0.001); OTS–Mean choices to correct (P = 0.044), Problems solved on first choice (P = 0.009), Probability of error given correct (P = 0.021); IED–Total errors (P = 0.015), Total trials (P = 0.002).ConclusionThe “CANTAB” is an applicable instrument for assessment of the executive function in young hospitalized schizophrenic patients. It can be used both for experimental and clinical needs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Solomatina A, Martirosyan K, Tikhonov D. M088 INFLUENCE OF THE RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES IN PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIUM PATHOLOGY IN POSTMENOPAUSE. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)61283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Using whole cell patch-clamp recordings from pyramidal cells acutely dissociated from rat hippocampal slices, Ro-15 1788 (flumazenil, FLU) was shown to enhance the GABAA-receptor mediated currents evoked by application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and to antagonize the enhancing effect of the benzodiazepine agonist flurazepam (FZP) on the GABAA response. Both FLU and FZP increased the peak and the steady-state components of the responses and accelerated the current decay. This suggests that both agents act via a common mechanism on GABA transmission. It is concluded that FLU possesses high affinity for the binding site, but low efficacy on the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. This suggests that FLU acts as a partial agonist on GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Weiss
- Laboratoire de physiopathologie et action thérapeutique des gaz sous pression, EA 3280, Université de la Méditerranée et IMNSSA, Faculté de Médecine Nord, IFR Jean Roche, 13916 Marseille, cedex 20, France.
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Strømgaard K, Brier TJ, Andersen K, Mellor IR, Saghyan A, Tikhonov D, Usherwood PN, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Jaroszewski JW. Solid-phase synthesis and biological evaluation of a combinatorial library of philanthotoxin analogues. J Med Chem 2000; 43:4526-33. [PMID: 11087577 DOI: 10.1021/jm000220n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The modular structure of philanthotoxins was exploited for construction of the first combinatorial library of these compounds using solid-phase parallel synthesis. (S)-Tyrosine and (S)-3-hydroxyphenylalanine were used as amino acid components, spermine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, and 4,9-dioxa-1,12-dodecanediamine as amine components, and butanoyl, phenylacetyl, and cyclohexylacetyl as N-acyl groups. Following automated preparative HPLC, the resulting 18 compounds were isolated as the S-forms in 40-70% yields. The purity of the products was determined by HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection and by (1)H and (13)C NMR. The thus obtained philanthotoxins were tested electrophysiologically for their antagonist properties on human muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) expressed in TE671 cells and on rat brain non-NMDA glutamate receptors (non-NMDAR) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. 4-Hydroxy analogues lacking the secondary amino groups (PhTX-12 and 4,9-dioxa-PhTX-12 and their analogues) were inactive on non-NMDAR, whereas the potency of the spermine derivatives (PhTX-343 and its analogues) increased with steric bulk of the N-acyl group. The analogue of PhTX-343 in which the N-butanoyl group was replaced by phenylacetyl group had IC(50) of 15 +/- 4 nM on non-NMDAR. Increasing the steric bulk of the N-acyl group was not advantageous for activity at nAChR, and a sharp decrease in potency with increased steric bulk was observed with the derivatives of PhTX-12. 3-Hydroxy analogues generally exhibited lower activity and different response to alterations of the N-acyl groups as compared to the 4-hydroxy analogues. Since the acyl group alterations in PhTX-343 and 4,9-dioxa-PhTX-12 have a similar effect on potency, which is distinctly different from that observed for PhTX-12, the two former compounds may bind to nAChR in a similar fashion but differently from that of PhTX-12. The combinatorial library approach described in this work represents a prototype methodology for future exploration of structure-activity relationships of philanthotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Strømgaard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and NeuroScience PharmaBiotec Research Center, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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