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Grodin EN, Burnette EM, Rodriguez C, Fulcher JA, Ray LA. The gut microbiome in alcohol use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease: A systematic review of clinical studies. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1221-1242. [PMID: 38719790 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that a relationship exists between the gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD). This systematic review identified studies that investigated the gut microbiome in individuals with an AUD or an AALD. A search was conducted on October 27, 2022, in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Fifty studies satisfied eligibility criteria. Most studies found evidence for gut dysbiosis in individuals with AUD and AALD. Microbiome intervention studies have mostly been conducted in AALD patients; fecal microbial transplant interventions show the most promise. Because most studies were conducted cross-sectionally, the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and alcohol use is unknown. Furthermore, almost all studies have been conducted in predominantly male populations, leaving critical questions regarding sex differences and generalizability of the findings. The study summaries and recommendations provided in this review seek to identify areas for further research and to highlight potential gut microbial interventions for treating AUD and AALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Burnette
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Crystal Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer A Fulcher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Gefen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Chen ZT, Ding CC, Chen KL, Gu YJ, Lu CC, Li QY. Causal roles of gut microbiota in cholangiocarcinoma etiology suggested by genetic study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1319-1333. [PMID: 38660662 PMCID: PMC11037042 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly malignant biliary tract cancer with poor prognosis. Previous studies have implicated the gut microbiota in CCA, but evidence for causal mechanisms is lacking. AIM To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and CCA risk. METHODS We performed a two-sample mendelian randomization study to evaluate potential causal associations between gut microbiota and CCA risk using genome-wide association study summary statistics for 196 gut microbial taxa and CCA. Genetic variants were used as instrumental variables. Multiple sensitivity analyses assessed result robustness. RESULTS Fifteen gut microbial taxa showed significant causal associations with CCA risk. Higher genetically predicted abundance of genus Eubacteriumnodatum group, genus Ruminococcustorques group, genus Coprococcus, genus Dorea, and phylum Actinobacteria were associated with reduced risk of gallbladder cancer and extrahepatic CCA. Increased intrahepatic CCA risk was associated with higher abundance of family Veillonellaceae, genus Alistipes, order Enterobacteriales, and phylum Firmicutes. Protective effects against CCA were suggested for genus Collinsella, genus Eisenbergiella, genus Anaerostipes, genus Paraprevotella, genus Parasutterella, and phylum Verrucomicrobia. Sensitivity analyses indicated these findings were reliable without pleiotropy. CONCLUSION This pioneering study provides novel evidence that specific gut microbiota may play causal roles in CCA risk. Further experimental validation of these candidate microbes is warranted to consolidate causality and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tao Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen-Chen Ding
- Pediatric Psychology, The Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai-Lei Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang-Jun Gu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Yong Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhang C, Li G, Lu T, Liu L, Sui Y, Bai R, Li L, Sun B. The Interaction of Microbiome and Pancreas in Acute Pancreatitis. Biomolecules 2023; 14:59. [PMID: 38254659 PMCID: PMC10813032 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute abdomen disease characterized by the pathological activation of digestive enzymes and the self-digestion of pancreatic acinar cells. Secondary infection and sepsis are independent prognosticators for AP progression and increased mortality. Accumulating anatomical and epidemiological evidence suggests that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota affects the etiology and severity of AP through intestinal barrier disruption, local or systemic inflammatory response, bacterial translocation, and the regulatory role of microbial metabolites in AP patients and animal models. Recent studies discussing the interactions between gut microbiota and the pancreas have opened new scopes for AP, and new therapeutic interventions that target the bacteria community have received substantial attention. This review concentrates on the alterations of gut microbiota and its roles in modulating gut-pancreas axis in AP. The potential therapies of targeting microbes as well as the major challenges of applying those interventions are explored. We expect to understand the roles of microbes in AP diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guanqun Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuhang Sui
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (C.Z.)
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
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Lin Z, Li Y, Wang M, Li H, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Gong D, Fu L, Wang S, Long D. Protective effects of yeast extract against alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1217449. [PMID: 37547679 PMCID: PMC10399763 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1217449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut-liver axis dysbiosis have been suggested as the primarily involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. Previous research established that yeast extract (YE) has antioxidant, immune-boosting or microbiota-regulating properties. However, there is currently lack of information regarding the efficacy of YE on alcoholic liver injury. This study seeks to obtain data that will help to address this research gap using a Wistar male rat experimental model. Histologic and biochemical analysis results showed that the groups treated with both low-dose yeast extract (YEL) and high-dose yeast extract (YEH) had lower degrees of alcohol-induced liver injury. The abundance of Peptococcus and Ruminococcus reduced in the low-dose yeast extract (YEL) group, while that of Peptococcus, Romboutsia, Parasutterella, and Faecalibaculum reduced in the high-dose (YEH) group. Furthermore, Spearman analysis showed that the gut microbes were significantly associated with several liver-related indicators. For the analysis of differential metabolites and enriched pathways in the YEL group, the abundance of lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0/0:0) significantly increased, and then the levels of histamine, adenosine and 5' -adenine nucleotide were remarkedly elevated in the YEH group. These findings suggest that both high and low doses of YE can have different protective effects on liver injury in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) rats, in addition to improving gut microbiota disorder. Besides, high-dose YE has been found to be more effective than low-dose YE in metabolic regulation, as well as in dealing with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Lin
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Man Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yihong Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Di Gong
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Fu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Siying Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Long
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Sun N, Chen Y, Zhang J, Cao J, Huang H, Wang J, Guo W, Li X. Identification and characterization of pancreatic infections in severe and critical acute pancreatitis patients using 16S rRNA gene next generation sequencing. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1185216. [PMID: 37389346 PMCID: PMC10303115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1185216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to identify the bacterial composition in the pancreatic fluid of severe and critical acute pancreatitis (SAP and CAP) patients. Methods A total of 78 pancreatic fluid samples were collected from 56 SAP and CAP patients and analyze using aerobic culture and 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing. The clinical data of the patients were obtained from the electronic medical records. Results Among the total 78 samples, 16S rRNA gene NGS identified a total of 660 bacterial taxa, belonging to 216 species in 123 genera. The dominant aerobic bacteria included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterococcus faecium, while the dominant anaerobic bacteria included Bacteroides, Dialister invisus, and Olsenella uli. As compared to aerobic culturing, 95.96% (95/99) of the aerobic cultured bacteria were detected using the 16S rRNA gene NGS. Conclusion The pancreatic infections in SAP and CAP patients might originate not only from the gut but also from the oral cavity and airways as well as related environments. Dynamic analysis of bacterial profile and abundance showed that some bacteria with low abundance might become the main pathogenic bacteria. There were no significant differences in the bacterial diversity between SAP and CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Wentao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Brubaker L, Luu S, Hoffman K, Wood A, Navarro Cagigas M, Yao Q, Petrosino J, Fisher W, Van Buren G. Microbiome changes associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review. Pancreatology 2021; 21:1-14. [PMID: 33376062 PMCID: PMC7869754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered intestinal microbiota has been reported in pancreatic disorders, however, it remains unclear whether these changes alter the course of disease in patients with acute (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP), or whether these disease states alter the environment to enable pathogenic microbial composition changes to occur. We undertook a systematic review to characterize the gut microbiome in pancreatitis patients. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies on microbiota in pancreatitis published from January 1, 2000 to June 5, 2020. Animal studies, reviews, case reports, and non-English articles were excluded. A frequency analysis was performed for outcomes reported in ≥2 studies and studies were analyzed for risk of bias and quality of evidence. RESULTS 22 papers met inclusion criteria; 15 included AP, 7 included CP. No studies were appropriately designed to assess whether alterations in the gut microbiome exacerbate pancreatitis or develop as a result of pancreatitis. We did identify several patterns of microbiome changes that are associated with pancreatitis. The gut microbiome demonstrated decreased alpha diversity in 3/3 A P studies and 3/3 C P studies. Beta diversity analysis revealed differences in bacterial community composition in the gut microbiome in 2/2 A P studies and 3/3 C P studies. Functionally, gut microbiome changes were associated with infectious pathways in AP and CP. Several studies suffered from high risk of bias and inadequate quality. CONCLUSIONS Detecting differences in microbial composition associated with AP and CP may represent a diagnostic tool. Appropriately controlled longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether microbiome changes are causative or reactive in pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brubaker
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Luu
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kl Hoffman
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Wood
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Navarro Cagigas
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Q Yao
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jf Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Fisher
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G Van Buren
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Identification of Dysfunctional Gut Microbiota Through Rectal Swab in Patients with Different Severity of Acute Pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:3223-3237. [PMID: 32076933 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) has a wide spectrum of severity and can be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Whether gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with AP severity remains obscure. AIMS We aim to investigate the differences in the alterations of gut microbiota in different grades of AP severity. METHODS We collected clinical information and rectal swab samples from 80 individuals. The gut microbiota was tested by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, gut microbiota species composition analysis, difference analysis, random forest model prediction analysis, and gut microbiota species correlation network analysis. RESULTS There was a different microbiota profile in different severity grades. Bacteroides, Escherichis-Shigella, and Enterococcus were dominant species in mild, moderately severe, and severe AP, respectively. Finegoldia was the most significantly increased and Blautia the most decreased species in mild AP. Anaerococcus was the most significantly increased and Eubacterium hallii the most decreased species in moderately severe AP. Enterococcus was the most significantly increased and Eubacterium hallii the most decreased species in severe AP. Finegoldia, Eubacterium_hallii, and Lachnospiraceae were potential diagnostic biomarkers for mild AP and Eubacterium_hallii and Anaerococcus for moderately severe AP. There was a positive interaction between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in mild AP. CONCLUSIONS The disturbed gut microbiota is different among grades of AP, suggesting their potential role in the progression of disease severity. There was a different microbiota profile in different severity grades. Bacteroides, Escherichis-Shigella, and Enterococcus were dominant gut microbiota species in MAP, MSAP, and SAP, respectively. Finegoldia was the most significantly increased and Blautia the most decreased gut microbiota species in MAP. Anaerococcus was the most significantly increased and Eubacterium hallii the most decreased species in MSAP. Enterococcus was the most significantly increased and Eubacterium hallii the most decreased species in SAP. Finegoldia, Eubacterium_hallii, and Lachnospiraceae were potential diagnostic biomarkers for MAP and Eubacterium_hallii and Anaerococcus for MSAP. There was a positive interaction between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in MAP.
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