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Shinde AH, Sonpal V, Maiti P, Haldar S. Evaluation of a synbiotic formulation for water remediation in a shrimp pond. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65990-66001. [PMID: 37093374 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of probiotic bacteria has attracted the interest of the marine shrimp farming industry. However, there are certain limitations pertaining to the practical application of many commercially available probiotics. Here, a thoroughly screened optimal consortium of three indigenous sulfur probiotics was tested for antibiotic susceptibility and was found to be safe, with each culture being sensitive to all the tested antibiotics. Further, de-potash vinasse (DPV), an environmental hazard, was tested for its prebiotic potential, and its 1% (w/v) concentration was found to be effective for long-term viability (> 66 days) of the probiotic cultures and safe for Artemia. The synbiotic formulation was tested first in a lab-scale microcosm setup successfully and subsequently tried on a shrimp farm; it was observed that the product was congruent to the efficiency of a commercial probiotic regarding almost all physicochemical parameters, sulfide, nitrate-N, nitrite-N, phytoplankton sustenance, Pseudomonas count, coliform count, and heterotrophic count. In addition, it was significantly efficient in maintaining pH, reducing ammonia-N and phosphate-P, Vibrio and Aeromonas count, and a net increase in the yield of shrimp biomass by 625 kg, thus proving to be a better alternative than one of the already available remediation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika H Shinde
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vasavdutta Sonpal
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
| | - Pratyush Maiti
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Process Design and Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
| | - Soumya Haldar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Shultana R, Kee Zuan AT, Yusop MR, Saud HM. Characterization of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and the effect on growth and yield of saline-affected rice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238537. [PMID: 32886707 PMCID: PMC7473536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized, identified, and determined the effect of salt-tolerant PGPR isolated from coastal saline areas on rice growth and yield. A total of 44 bacterial strains were isolated, and 5 were found to be tolerant at high salt concentration. These isolates were further characterized for salinity tolerance and beneficial traits through a series of quantitative tests. Biochemical characterization showed that bacterial survivability decreases gradually with the increase of salt concentration. One of the strains, UPMRB9, produced the highest amount of exopolysaccharides when exposed to 1.5M of NaCl. Moreover, UPMRB9 absorbed the highest amount of sodium from the 1.5M of NaCl-amended media. The highest floc yield and biofilm were produced by UPMRE6 and UPMRB9 respectively, at 1M of NaCl concentration. The SEM observation confirmed the EPS production of UPMRB9 and UPMRE6 at 1.5M of NaCl concentration. These two isolates were identified as Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus aryabhattai based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The functional group characterization of EPS showed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups. This corresponded to the presence of carbohydrates and proteins in the EPS and glucose was identified as the major type of carbohydrate. The functional groups of EPS can help to bind and chelate Na+ in the soil and thereby reduces the plant’s exposure to the ion under saline conditions. The plant inoculation study revealed significant beneficial effects of bacterial inoculation on photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance of the plant which leads to a higher yield. The Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus aryabhattai strains showed good potential as PGPR for salinity mitigation practice for coastal rice cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakiba Shultana
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafii Yusop
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Halimi Mohd Saud
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Lin HL, Chiu LC, Wan GH, Huang CC, Lee ZT, Lin YT, Wu SR, Chen CS. Hypertonic saline enhances the efficacy of aerosolized gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4325. [PMID: 32152407 PMCID: PMC7062828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol inhalation is a promising strategy for the delivery of antibiotic agents. The efficacy of antibiotic treatment by aerosol inhalation is reduced by the formation of microbial biofilms in the respiratory system and excessive airway mucus build-up. Various approaches have been taken in order to overcome this barrier. In this in vitro study, we used hypertonic saline (7%, by weight), a low cost Food and Drug Administration-approved reagent, as an aerosol carrier to study its effects with the antibiotic, gentamicin, on the most common respiratory opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, present in the mucus. The results indicated that the hypertonic saline aerosol containing gentamicin, a low cost antibiotic, significantly eliminated biofilm growth by ~3-fold, compared to the regular saline aerosol containing gentamicin. In addition to enhancing the penetration efficiency of drug molecules by 70%, bacterial motility also decreased (~50%) after treatment with aerosolised hypertonic saline. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that hypertonic saline can significantly enhance the efficacy of antibiotic aerosols, which may contribute to the current use of inhaled therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Technology University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 61363, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Chiu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33301, 61363, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Hwa Wan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Technology University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 10501, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Huang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33301, 61363, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Tian Lee
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, 11201, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Tzu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Rong Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Naghibi T, Akbari Z, Abdollahi Sabet S, Dobakhti F. Effect of Intermittent Subglottic Irrigation with 5% NaCl on the Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients. TANAFFOS 2019; 18:152-156. [PMID: 32440303 PMCID: PMC7230121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is one of the common causes of mortality and morbidity. Subglottic secretion suction decreases the incidence of VAP. In this study, the effect of 5% sodium chloride (NaCl) in subglottic area in addition to secretion suction in VAP prevention was investigated in patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients were intubated by an intubation tube with subglottic suction. In the intervention group, subglottic area was washed with 10 ml of 5% sodium chloride solution, and in the control group the subglottic area was washed with 10 ml distilled water. Patients were monitored for a maximum of two weeks, and the incidence of VAP was monitored by a Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS). RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and sex. Four (27%) patients in the intervention group, and 7 (37%) in control group were diagnosed with VAP, which was not statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.225). The duration of hospitalization, duration of intubation and mortality did not show any significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION It was expected that in this study the rate of VAP became significantly lower with the intervention of using antimicrobial solution in addition to suction. Although the rate decreased clinically, it was not statistically significant, which may be due to the low number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Naghibi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mosavi Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran,,Correspondence to: Naghibi T, Address: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mosavi Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran, Email address:
| | - Zahra Akbari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mosavi Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Somayae Abdollahi Sabet
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Faramarz Dobakhti
- School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
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Zhang C, Parrello D, Brown PJB, Wall JD, Hu Z. A novel whole-cell biosensor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to monitor the expression of quorum sensing genes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6023-6038. [PMID: 29730766 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel whole-cell biosensor was developed to noninvasively and simultaneously monitor the in situ genetic activities of the four quorum sensing (QS) networks in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, including the las, rhl, pqs, and iqs systems. P. aeruginosa PAO1 is a model bacterium for studies of biofilm and pathogenesis while both processes are closely controlled by the QS systems. This biosensor worked well by selectively monitoring the expression of one representative gene from each network. In the biosensor, the promoter regions of lasI, rhlI, pqsA, and ambB (QS genes) controlled the fluorescent reporter genes of Turbo YFP, mTag BFP2, mNEON Green, and E2-Orange, respectively. The biosensor was successful in monitoring the impact of an important environmental factor, salt stress, on the genetic regulation of QS networks. High salt concentrations (≥ 20 g·L-1) significantly downregulated rhlI, pqsA, and ambB after the biosensor was incubated for 17 h to 18 h at 37 °C, resulting in slow bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiqian Zhang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Damien Parrello
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Pamela J B Brown
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Judy D Wall
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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6
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Nadesalingam A, Chen JHK, Farahvash A, Khan MA. Hypertonic Saline Suppresses NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Promotes Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:359. [PMID: 29593709 PMCID: PMC5859219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tonicity of saline (NaCl) is important in regulating cellular functions and homeostasis. Hypertonic saline is administered to treat many inflammatory diseases, including cystic fibrosis. Excess neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, or NETosis, is associated with many pathological conditions including chronic inflammation. Despite the known therapeutic benefits of hypertonic saline, its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the effects of hypertonic saline in modulating NETosis. For this purpose, we purified human neutrophils and induced NETosis using agonists such as diacylglycerol mimetic phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), Gram-negative bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS), calcium ionophores (A23187 and ionomycin from Streptomyces conglobatus), and bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). We then analyzed neutrophils and NETs using Sytox green assay, immunostaining of NET components and apoptosis markers, confocal microscopy, and pH sensing reagents. This study found that hypertonic NaCl suppresses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH2 or NOX2)-dependent NETosis induced by agonists PMA, Escherichia coli LPS (0111:B4 and O128:B12), and P. aeruginosa. Hypertonic saline also suppresses LPS- and PMA- induced reactive oxygen species production. It was determined that supplementing H2O2 reverses the suppressive effect of hypertonic saline on NOX2-dependent NETosis. Many of the aforementioned suppressive effects were observed in the presence of equimolar concentrations of choline chloride and osmolytes (d-mannitol and d-sorbitol). This suggests that the mechanism by which hypertonic saline suppresses NOX2-dependent NETosis is via neutrophil dehydration. Hypertonic NaCl does not significantly alter the intracellular pH of neutrophils. We found that hypertonic NaCl induces apoptosis while suppressing NOX2-dependent NETosis. In contrast, hypertonic solutions do not suppress NOX2-independent NETosis. Although hypertonic saline partially suppresses ionomycin-induced NETosis, it enhances A23187-induced NETosis, and it does not alter S. aureus-induced NETosis. Overall, this study determined that hypertonic saline suppresses NOX2-dependent NETosis induced by several agonists; in contrast, it has variable effects on neutrophil death induced by NOX2-independent NETosis agonists. These findings are important in understanding the regulation of NETosis and apoptosis in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajantha Nadesalingam
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacky H K Chen
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armin Farahvash
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meraj A Khan
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Brivio A, Conese M, Gambazza S, Biffi A, Tirelli AS, Russo M, Foà M, Colombo C. Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of Hypertonic Saline With and Without Hyaluronic Acid in Reducing Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2016; 29:482-489. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2015.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brivio
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centro di Ricerche Biomediche “E. Altomare”, Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Simone Gambazza
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Biffi
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Amedea Silvia Tirelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and CF Microbiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Russo
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Michaela Foà
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Colombo
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Italy
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8
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Dentice RL, Elkins MR, Middleton PG, Bishop JR, Wark PAB, Dorahy DJ, Harmer CJ, Hu H, Bye PTP. A randomised trial of hypertonic saline during hospitalisation for exacerbation of cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2016; 71:141-7. [PMID: 26769016 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucoactive effects of hypertonic saline should promote exacerbation resolution in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of hypertonic saline inhalation during hospitalisation for exacerbation of CF on length of stay, lung function, symptoms, oxygenation, exercise tolerance, quality of life, bacterial load and time to next hospitalisation. METHODS 132 adults with an exacerbation of CF were randomised to inhale three nebulised doses a day of either 4 mL 7% saline or a taste-masked control of 0.12% saline, throughout the hospital admission. The primary outcome measure was length of hospital stay. RESULTS All participants tolerated their allocated saline solution. There was no significant difference in length of stay, which was 12 days in the hypertonic saline group and 13 days in controls, with a mean between-group difference (MD) of 1 day (95% CI 0 to 2). The likelihood of regaining pre-exacerbation FEV1 by discharge was significantly higher in the hypertonic saline group (75% vs 57%), and the number needed to treat was 6 (95% CI 3 to 65). On a 0-100 scale, the hypertonic saline group had significantly greater reduction in symptom severity than the control group at discharge in sleep (MD=13, 95% CI 4 to 23), congestion (MD=10, 95% CI 3 to 18) and dyspnoea (MD=8, 95% CI 1 to 16). No significant difference in time to next hospitalisation for a pulmonary exacerbation was detected between groups (HR=0.86 (CI 0.57 to 1.30), p=0.13). Other outcomes did not significantly differ. CONCLUSIONS Addition of hypertonic saline to the management of a CF exacerbation did not reduce the length of hospital stay. Hypertonic saline speeds the resolution of exacerbation symptoms and allows patients to leave hospital with greater symptom resolution. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12605000780651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L Dentice
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark R Elkins
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G Middleton
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Bishop
- Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle and John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Douglas J Dorahy
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle and John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Honghua Hu
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter T P Bye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Reeves EP, McCarthy C, McElvaney OJ, Vijayan MSN, White MM, Dunlea DM, Pohl K, Lacey N, McElvaney NG. Inhaled hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis: Reviewing the potential evidence for modulation of neutrophil signalling and function. World J Crit Care Med 2015; 4:179-191. [PMID: 26261770 PMCID: PMC4524815 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v4.i3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disorder with significantly shortened life expectancy. The major cause of mortality and morbidity is lung disease with increasing pulmonary exacerbations and decline in lung function predicting significantly poorer outcomes. The pathogenesis of lung disease in CF is characterised in part by decreased airway surface liquid volume and subsequent failure of normal mucociliary clearance. This leads to accumulation of viscous mucus in the CF airway, providing an ideal environment for bacterial pathogens to grow and colonise, propagating airway inflammation in CF. The use of nebulised hypertonic saline (HTS) treatments has been shown to improve mucus clearance in CF and impact positively upon exacerbations, quality of life, and lung function. Several mechanisms of HTS likely improve outcome, resulting in clinically relevant enhancement in disease parameters related to increase in mucociliary clearance. There is increasing evidence to suggest that HTS is also beneficial through its anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to reduce bacterial activity and biofilm formation. This review will first describe the use of HTS in treatment of CF focusing on its efficacy and tolerability. The emphasis will then change to the potential benefits of aerosolized HTS for the attenuation of receptor mediated neutrophil functions, including down-regulation of oxidative burst activity, adhesion molecule expression, and the suppression of neutrophil degranulation of proteolytic enzymes.
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10
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Sasirekha B, M. Megha D, S. Sharath M, Soujanya R. Study on Effect of Different Plant Extracts on Microbial Biofilms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbkr.2015.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dubus JC, Bassinet L, Chedevergne F, Delaisi B, Desmazes-Dufeu N, Reychler G, Vecellio L. Mucoviscidose et traitements inhalés : quoi de neuf en 2013 ? Rev Mal Respir 2014; 31:336-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Michon AL, Jumas-Bilak E, Chiron R, Lamy B, Marchandin H. Advances toward the elucidation of hypertonic saline effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90164. [PMID: 24587256 PMCID: PMC3938589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nebulized hypertonic saline (HTS) has beneficial effects including reducing pulmonary exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. Several mechanisms may explain these effects but antimicrobial activity of NaCl remains largely unexplored. We aimed to measure the antimicrobial effect of NaCl on Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the respiratory tract in CF patients. METHODS NaCl minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for strains characterized for mucoidy, antimicrobial resistance, and ability to form biofilm using 0,9% to 15% NaCl solutions. NaCl effects on biofilm formation, preformed biofilm, and mobility were evaluated. Kinetics of antimicrobial effects was studied. RESULTS The growth of all isolates (n = 85) from 34 patients was inhibited by 6% NaCl solution. A 10% concentration had a bactericidal activity on 90% of the isolates. Mucoid and multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates displayed lower MICs compared to non-mucoid and to non-MDR isolates, respectively. Time-kill kinetics showed that NaCl exhibited a rapid, dose and growth phase dependent bactericidal effect. Three percent or more of NaCl inhibited biofilm formation for 69% of strongly adherent isolates. A dose-dependent decrease of preformed biofilm viability and an inhibitory activity on bacterial motility were observed. CONCLUSIONS NaCl inhibited the growth of all isolates and killed 38% of tested isolates within concentration range currently used in therapeutics. Our results suggest that anti-pseudomonal activity is another mechanism of action of HTS to add to those already established. Clinical trials are needed to compare diverse HTS conditions of use (rhythm, dose and mode of delivery) to obtain efficient and optimized anti-P. aeruginosa effects. More generally, NaCl effect on other opportunistic pathogens as well as on global microbiotae recovered during polymicrobial diseases warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Michon
- UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire d’Hygiène hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Raphaël Chiron
- Centre de Ressources et de Compétences pour la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Lamy
- UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Marchandin
- UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Elabed H, Maatallah M, Hamza R, Chakroun I, Bakhrouf A, Gaddour K. Effect of long-term starvation in salty microcosm on biofilm formation and motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23208601 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of antibiotic resistance in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of the pathogen's morbidity and is strongly correlated with the biofilm formation. Motility and adherence capacity in long-term stressed cells have not been extensively analyzed even though P. aeruginosa considered a model organism for the study of biofilm formation. In this investigation, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strain has been stored for 12 months in LB broth with 0.5 M NaCl. Several experiments demonstrated that the strain recovery from the salty microcosm had the ability to increase the biofilm formation and to reduce motility comparing with that of the original strain. To identify genes involved in the regulation of biofilm and/or in stress response by the recovered P. aeruginosa, differential display "DDRT-PCR" technique was used. The genes speD and ccoN2, coding, respectively, for an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and Cbb3-type cytochrome oxidase, were identified in recovered strain of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 as two differentially expressed gene fragments. A comparison of the biofilm produced by the wild-type strain PA14 and the transposon insertion mutant for speD gene suggested that spermidine has a potential role in the adaptive response in P. aeruginosa incubated in long-term stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamouda Elabed
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environment Polluants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
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14
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Reeves EP, Molloy K, Pohl K, McElvaney NG. Hypertonic saline in treatment of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:465230. [PMID: 22645424 PMCID: PMC3356721 DOI: 10.1100/2012/465230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of lung disease in cystic fibrosis is characterised by decreased airway surface liquid volume and subsequent failure of normal mucociliary clearance. Mucus within the cystic fibrosis airways is enriched in negatively charged matrices composed of DNA released from colonizing bacteria or inflammatory cells, as well as F-actin and elevated concentrations of anionic glycosaminoglycans. Therapies acting against airway mucus in cystic fibrosis include aerosolized hypertonic saline. It has been shown that hypertonic saline possesses mucolytic properties and aids mucociliary clearance by restoring the liquid layer lining the airways. However, recent clinical and bench-top studies are beginning to broaden our view on the beneficial effects of hypertonic saline, which now extend to include anti-infective as well as anti-inflammatory properties. This review aims to discuss the described therapeutic benefits of hypertonic saline and specifically to identify novel models of hypertonic saline action independent of airway hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer P Reeves
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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15
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Oguzhan N, Pala C, Sipahioglu MH, Cilan H, Durmaz S, Percin D, Unal A, Tokgoz B, Utas C, Oymak O. Locking tunneled hemodialysis catheters with hypertonic saline (26% NaCl) and heparin to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections and thrombosis: a randomized, prospective trial. Ren Fail 2012; 34:181-8. [PMID: 22260745 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.646884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tunneled cuffed dual-lumen catheters (TCCs) are commonly used for vascular access in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is the major problem leading to morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether 26% NaCl solution has any favorable effect on the infections and thrombosis caused by HD catheters. METHODS TCCs were locked with either 26% NaCl and heparin or standard heparin. The primer end point of the study was the CRBSI or thrombosis of the TCC. We compared the antimicrobial activity of the NaCl solutions (6.5%, 13%, 26%) with 0.9% NaCl solution by time-kill kinetic assay. All tests were performed in triplicate by incubation of test fluids with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. RESULTS The mean catheter survival was significantly higher in the 26% NaCl and heparin group (129.5 ± 50.1 catheter days to 103.3 ± 59.8, p = 0.008). CRBSI rates (10-15.4%) did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.54). The hypertonic 13% NaCl solution had bactericidal effects on E. coli and P. aeruginosa, but had bacteriostatic effect on S. aureus and S. epidermidis. CONCLUSION In this study we demonstrated that the 13% NaCl solution and more hypertonic NaCl solutions revealed potent in vitro antimicrobial properties against all checked Gram-negative microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Oguzhan
- Department of Nephrology, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey.
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16
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Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging multidrug-resistant global opportunistic pathogen. The increasing incidence of nosocomial and community-acquired S. maltophilia infections is of particular concern for immunocompromised individuals, as this bacterial pathogen is associated with a significant fatality/case ratio. S. maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in aqueous habitats, including plant rhizospheres, animals, foods, and water sources. Infections of S. maltophilia can occur in a range of organs and tissues; the organism is commonly found in respiratory tract infections. This review summarizes the current literature and presents S. maltophilia as an organism with various molecular mechanisms used for colonization and infection. S. maltophilia can be recovered from polymicrobial infections, most notably from the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients, as a cocolonizer with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Recent evidence of cell-cell communication between these pathogens has implications for the development of novel pharmacological therapies. Animal models of S. maltophilia infection have provided useful information about the type of host immune response induced by this opportunistic pathogen. Current and emerging treatments for patients infected with S. maltophilia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Brooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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17
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Pettit RS, Johnson CE. Airway-rehydrating agents for the treatment of cystic fibrosis: past, present, and future. Ann Pharmacother 2010; 45:49-59. [PMID: 21156814 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1p428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and evaluate airway-rehydrating agents used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). DATA SOURCES Literature was retrieved through MEDLINE (1977-August 2010), Cochrane Library, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1977-August 2010). Search terms used included hypertonic saline, inhaled mannitol, denufosol, Moli1901, lancovutide, and cystic fibrosis. Reference citations from selected articles were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All articles published in English identified from the data sources were evaluated for inclusion. Clinical trials in humans and relevant review articles were evaluated for each airway-rehydrating agent. DATA SYNTHESIS Use of airway-rehydrating agents for the treatment of CF is an expanding area. Hypertonic saline (7% NaCl) is currently the only commercially available airway-rehydrating agent recommended for chronic therapy in patients with CF and is being evaluated in younger patients. Inhaled mannitol is an investigational dry-powder inhalation agent that improves mucus clearance in a similar manner to hypertonic saline and produced a statistically significant increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second in a Phase 3 trial. Denufosol, a P2Y(2) agonist, rehydrates the airway surface liquid bypassing the basic CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein defect. It produces improvement in pulmonary function and is being further evaluated in a Phase 3 trial. Lancovutide (Moli1901) is an investigational agent in early-phase trials that activates a calcium-dependent chloride channel, allowing chloride to enter the airway. CONCLUSIONS Hypertonic saline is the primary airway-rehydrating agent used in the treatment of CF. Inhaled mannitol may become an alternative to hypertonic saline since it is faster and easier to administer. It remains unclear whether denufosol and lancovutide will be synergistic or antagonistic with hypertonic saline. Both agents have a unique mechanism of action that bypasses the basic CFTR defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Pettit
- Department of Pharmacy Services and College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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18
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Williams HD, Behrends V, Bundy JG, Ryall B, Zlosnik JEA. Hypertonic Saline Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis: Do Population Shifts Caused by the Osmotic Sensitivity of Infecting Bacteria Explain the Effectiveness of this Treatment? Front Microbiol 2010; 1:120. [PMID: 21687721 PMCID: PMC3109665 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2010.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a defect in the CF transmembrane regulator that leads to depletion and dehydration of the airway surface liquid (ASL) of the lung epithelium, providing an environment that can be infected by bacteria leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronically infects more than 80% of CF patients and one hallmark of infection is the emergence of a mucoid phenotype associated with a worsening prognosis and more rapid decline in lung function. Hypertonic saline (HS) is a clinically proven treatment that improves mucociliary clearance through partial rehydration of the ASL of the lung. Strikingly, while HS therapy does not alter the prevalence of P. aeruginosa in the CF lung it does decrease the frequency of episodes of acute, severe illness known as infective exacerbations among CF patients. In this article, we propose a hypothesis whereby the positive clinical effects of HS treatment are explained by the osmotic sensitivity of the mucoid sub-population of P. aeruginosa in the CF lung leading to selection against this group in favor of the osmotically resistant non-mucoid variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw D. Williams
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Volker Behrends
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Jacob G. Bundy
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Ben Ryall
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - James E. A. Zlosnik
- Centre for the Understanding and Prevention of Infection in Children/Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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Kang Y, Lunin VV, Skarina T, Savchenko A, Schurr MJ, Hoang TT. The long-chain fatty acid sensor, PsrA, modulates the expression of rpoS and the type III secretion exsCEBA operon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Microbiol 2009; 73:120-36. [PMID: 19508282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa PsrA autorepressor has dual roles as a repressor of the fadBA5beta-oxidation operon and an activator of the stationary-phase sigma factor rpoS and exsCEBA operon of the type III secretion system (TTSS). Previously, we demonstrated that the repression of the fadBA5 operon by PsrA is relieved by long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). However, the signal affecting the activation of rpoS and exsC via PsrA is unknown. In this study, microarray and gene fusion data suggested that LCFA (e.g. oleate) affected the expression of rpoS and exsC. DNA binding studies confirmed that PsrA binds to the rpoS and exsC promoter regions. This binding was inhibited by LCFA, indicating that LCFA directly affects the activation of these two genes through PsrA. LCFA decreased rpoS and exsC expression, resulting in increased N-(butyryl)-l-homoserine-lactone quorum sensing signal and decreased ExoS/T production respectively. Based on the crystal structure of PsrA, site-directed mutagenesis of amino acid residues, within the hydrophobic channel thought to accommodate LCFA, created two LCFA-non-responsive PsrA mutants. The binding and activation of rpoS and exsC by these PsrA mutants was no longer inhibited by LCFA. These data support a mechanistic model where LCFAs influence PsrA regulation to control LCFA metabolism and some virulence genes in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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