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Kim JS, Brownjohn PW, Dyer BS, Beltramo M, Walker CS, Hay DL, Painter GF, Tyndall JDA, Anderson GM. Anxiogenic and Stressor Effects of the Hypothalamic Neuropeptide RFRP-3 Are Overcome by the NPFFR Antagonist GJ14. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4152-62. [PMID: 26259035 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) is a recently discovered neuropeptide that has been proposed to play a role in the stress response. We aimed to elucidate the role of RFRP-3 and its receptor, neuropeptide FF (NPFF1R), in modulation of stress and anxiety responses. To achieve this, we characterized a new NPFF1R antagonist because our results showed that the only commercially available putative antagonist, RF9, is in fact an agonist at both NPFF1R and the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R). We report here the identification and pharmacological characterization of GJ14, a true NPFFR antagonist. In in vivo tests of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, GJ14 completely blocked RFRP-3-induced corticosterone release and neuronal activation in CRH neurons. Furthermore, chronic infusion of GJ14 led to anxiolytic-like behavior, whereas RFRP-3 infusion had anxiogenic effects. Mice receiving chronic RFRP-3 infusion also had higher basal circulating corticosterone levels. These results indicate a stimulatory action of RFRP-3 on the HPA axis, consistent with the dense expression of NPFF1R in the vicinity of CRH neurons. Importantly, coinfusion of RFRP-3 and GJ14 completely reversed the anxiogenic and HPA axis-stimulatory effects of RFRP-3. Here we have established the role of RFRP-3 as a regulator of stress and anxiety. We also show that GJ14 can reverse the effects of RFRP-3 both in vitro and in vivo. Infusion of GJ14 causes anxiolysis, revealing a novel potential target for treating anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon S Kim
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Phil W Brownjohn
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Blake S Dyer
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S Walker
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Joel D A Tyndall
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Greg M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy (J.S.K., P.W.B., G.M.A.) and National School of Pharmacy (J.D.A.T.), University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Glycosyn (B.S.D.), Callaghan Innovation (B.S.D.), and The Ferrier Research Institute (G.F.P.), University of Wellington, Lower Hutt 5010, Victoria, New Zealand; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (M.B.), Nouzilly 37380, France; and School of Biological Sciences (C.S.W., D.L.H.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Ayachi S, Simonin F. Involvement of Mammalian RF-Amide Peptides and Their Receptors in the Modulation of Nociception in Rodents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:158. [PMID: 25324831 PMCID: PMC4183120 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian RF-amide peptides, which all share a conserved carboxyl-terminal Arg-Phe-NH2 sequence, constitute a family of five groups of neuropeptides that are encoded by five different genes. They act through five G-protein-coupled receptors and each group of peptide binds to and activates mostly one receptor: RF-amide related peptide group binds to NPFFR1, neuropeptide FF group to NPFFR2, pyroglutamylated RF-amide peptide group to QRFPR, prolactin-releasing peptide group to prolactin-releasing peptide receptor, and kisspeptin group to Kiss1R. These peptides and their receptors have been involved in the modulation of several functions including reproduction, feeding, and cardiovascular regulation. Data from the literature now provide emerging evidence that all RF-amide peptides and their receptors are also involved in the modulation of nociception. This review will present the current knowledge on the involvement in rodents of the different mammalian RF-amide peptides and their receptors in the modulation of nociception in basal and chronic pain conditions as well as their modulatory effects on the analgesic effects of opiates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Ayachi
- UMR 7242 CNRS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- UMR 7242 CNRS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Simonin, UMR 7242 CNRS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch 67412, France e-mail:
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Poling MC, Kim J, Dhamija S, Kauffman AS. Development, sex steroid regulation, and phenotypic characterization of RFamide-related peptide (Rfrp) gene expression and RFamide receptors in the mouse hypothalamus. Endocrinology 2012; 153:1827-40. [PMID: 22355072 PMCID: PMC3320244 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Arginine-phenylalanine-amide (RFamide)-related peptide 3 (RFRP-3, encoded by the Rfrp gene) is the mammalian ortholog of gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone and can inhibit GnRH neuronal activity and LH release. However, the development and regulation of the RFRP-3 system in both sexes is poorly understood. Using in situ hybridization, we examined changes in Rfrp-expressing neurons in mice of both sexes during development and under different adulthood hormonal milieus. We found no sex differences in Rfrp expression or cell number in adult mice. Interestingly, we identified two interspersed subpopulations of Rfrp cells (high Rfrp-expressing, HE; low Rfrp-expressing, LE), which have unique developmental and steroidal regulation characteristics. The number of LE cells robustly decreases during postnatal development, whereas HE cell number increases significantly before puberty. Using Bax knockout mice, we determined that the dramatic developmental decrease in LE Rfrp cells is not due primarily to BAX-dependent apoptosis. In adults, we found that estradiol and testosterone moderately repress Rfrp expression in both HE and LE cells, whereas the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone has no effect. Using double-label in situ hybridization, we determined that approximately 25% of Rfrp neurons coexpress estrogen receptor-α in each sex, whereas Rfrp cells do not readily express androgen receptor in either sex, regardless of hormonal milieu. Lastly, when we looked at RFRP-3 receptors, we detected some coexpression of Gpr147 but no coexpression of Gpr74 in GnRH neurons of both intact and gonadectomized males and females. Thus, RFRP-3 may exert its effects on reproduction either directly, via Gpr147 in a subset of GnRH neurons, and/or indirectly, via upstream regulators of GnRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Poling
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Jhamandas K, Milne B, Sutak M, Gouarderes C, Zajac JM, Yang HYT. Facilitation of spinal morphine analgesia in normal and morphine tolerant animals by neuropeptide SF and related peptides. Peptides 2006; 27:953-63. [PMID: 16515821 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide FF and related synthetic amidated peptides have been shown to elicit sustained anti-nociceptive responses and potently augment spinal anti-nociceptive actions of spinal morphine in tests of thermal and mechanical nociception. Recent studies have described the occurrence of another octapeptide, neuropeptide SF (NPSF) in the spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid and demonstrated its affinity for the NPFF receptors. This study examined the effects of NPSF and two putative precursor peptides, EFW-NPSF and NPAF, on the spinal actions of morphine in normal and opioid tolerant rats using the tailflick and pawpressure tests. In normal rats, NPSF demonstrated weak intrinsic activity but sub-effective doses of the peptide significantly increased the magnitude and duration of spinal morphine anti-nociception in both tests. A low-dose of NPSF also augmented the spinal actions of a delta receptor agonist, deltorphin. The morphine-potentiating effect of NPSF was shared by EFW-NPSF and the octadecapeptide NPAF. In animal rendered tolerant by continuous intrathecal infusion of morphine for 6 days, low dose NPSF itself elicited a significant anti-nociceptive response and potently increased morphine-induced response in both tests. In animals made tolerant by repeated injections of intrathecal morphine, administration of NPSF, EFW-NPSF, and NPAF with morphine reversed the loss of the anti-nociceptive effect and restored the agonist potency. The results demonstrate that in normal animals NPSF and related peptides exert strong potentiating effect on morphine anti-nociception at the spinal level and in tolerant animals these agents can reverse the loss of morphine potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jhamandas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada K7L 3N6.
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