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Kaleczyc J, Sienkiewicz W, Lepiarczyk E, Kasica‐Jarosz N, Pidsudko Z. The influence of castration on intramural neurons of the urinary bladder trigone in male pigs. J Anat 2021; 239:720-731. [PMID: 33971693 PMCID: PMC8349450 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of castration performed at neonatal age on neuronal elements in the intramural ganglia of the urinary bladder trigone (UBT) in male pigs using double-labeling immunohistochemistry. The ganglia were examined in intact (IP) 7-day-old (castration day) pigs, and at 3 and 6 months after surgery. In IP and control (3- and 6-month-old noncastrated pigs) groups, virtually, all neurons were adrenergic (68%) or cholinergic (32%) in nature. Many of them (32%, 51%, and 81%, respectively; 56%, 75%, and 85% adrenergic; and 32%, 52%, and 65% cholinergic, respectively) stained for the androgen receptor (AR), and only a small number of nerve cells were caspase-3 (CASP-3)-positive. In 3- and 6-month-old castrated pigs, an excessive loss (87.6% and 87.5%, respectively) of neurons and intraganglionic nerve fibers was observed. The majority of the surviving adrenergic (61% and 72%, respectively) and many cholinergic (41% and 31%, respectively) neurons expressed CASP-3 and were also AR-positive (61% and 66%, and 40% and 36%, respectively). This study revealed for the first time the excessive loss of intramural UBT neurons following castration, which could have resulted from apoptosis induced by androgen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Kaleczyc
- Department of Animal AnatomyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Waldemar Sienkiewicz
- Department of Animal AnatomyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Ewa Lepiarczyk
- Department of Human Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Natalia Kasica‐Jarosz
- Department of Animal AnatomyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Zenon Pidsudko
- Department of Animal AnatomyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
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Bisphenol A affects vipergic nervous structures in the porcine urinary bladder trigone. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12147. [PMID: 34108533 PMCID: PMC8190307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the production of plastics approved for contact with feed and food. Upon entering living organisms, BPA, as a potent endocrine disruptor, negatively affects various internal organs and regulatory systems, especially in young individuals. Although previous studies have described the neurotoxic effects of BPA on various tissues, it should be underlined that the putative influence of this substance on the chemical architecture of the urinary bladder intrinsic innervation has not yet been studied. One of the most important neuronal substances involved in the regulation of urinary bladder functions is vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), which primarily participates in the regulation of muscular activity and blood flow. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of various doses of BPA on the distribution pattern of VIP-positive neural structures located in the wall of the porcine urinary bladder trigone using the double-immunofluorescence method. The obtained results show that BPA influence leads to an increase in the number of both neurons and nerve fibres containing VIP in the porcine urinary bladder trigone. This may indicate that VIP participates in adaptive processes of the urinary bladder evoked by BPA.
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Hou R, Yu Y, Jiang J. PGE2 receptors in detrusor muscle: Drugging the undruggable for urgency. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114363. [PMID: 33309520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is a prevalent condition of the lower urinary tract that causes symptoms, such as urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urge incontinence, and nocturia, and disproportionately affects women and the elderly. Current medications for OAB merely provide symptomatic relief with considerable limitations, as they are no more than moderately effective, not to mention that they may cause substantial adverse effects. Identifying novel molecular targets to facilitate the development of new medical therapies with higher efficacy and safety for OAB is in an urgent unmet need. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of OAB largely remain elusive and are likely multifactorial, mounting evidence from preclinical studies over the past decade reveals that the pro-inflammatory pathways engaging cyclooxygenases and their prostanoid products, particularly the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), may play essential roles in the progression of OAB. The goals of this review are to summarize recent progresses in our knowledge on the pathogenic roles of PGE2 in the OAB and to provide new mechanistic insights into the signaling pathways transduced by its four G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), i.e., EP1-EP4, in the overactive detrusor smooth muscle. We also discuss the feasibility of targeting these GPCRs as an emerging strategy to treat OAB with better therapeutic specificity than the current medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruida Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Drake MJ, Fry CH, Hashitani H, Kirschner-Hermanns R, Rahnama'i MS, Speich JE, Tomoe H, Kanai AJ, McCloskey KD. What are the origins and relevance of spontaneous bladder contractions? ICI-RS 2017. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:S13-S19. [PMID: 29360173 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Storage phase bladder activity is a counter-intuitive observation of spontaneous contractions. They are potentially an intrinsic feature of the smooth muscle, but interstitial cells in the mucosa and the detrusor itself, as well as other muscular elements in the mucosa may substantially influence them. They are identified in several models explaining lower urinary tract dysfunction. METHODS A consensus meeting at the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI-RS) 2017 congress considered the origins and relevance of spontaneous bladder contractions by debating which cell type(s) modulate bladder spontaneous activity, whether the methodologies are sufficiently robust, and implications for healthy and abnormal lower urinary tract function. RESULTS The identified research priorities reflect a wide range of unknown aspects. Cellular contributions to spontaneous contractions in detrusor smooth muscle are still uncertain. Accordingly, insight into the cellular physiology of the bladder wall, particularly smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells, and urothelium, remains important. Upstream influences, such as innervation, endocrine, and paracrine factors, are particularly important. The cellular interactions represent the key understanding to derive the integrative physiology of organ function, notably the nature of signalling between mucosa and detrusor layers. Indeed, it is still not clear to what extent spontaneous contractions generated in isolated preparations mirror their normal and pathological counterparts in the intact bladder. Improved models of how spontaneous contractions influence pressure generation and sensory nerve function are also needed. CONCLUSIONS Deriving approaches to robust evaluation of spontaneous contractions and their influences for experimental and clinical use could yield considerable progress in functional urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Drake
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ruth Kirschner-Hermanns
- Neuro-Urology/Urology, University Clinic, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn and Neurological Rehabilitation Center Godeshöhe, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - John E Speich
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hikaru Tomoe
- Department of Urology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anthony J Kanai
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen D McCloskey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Drake MJ, Morris N, Apostolidis A, Rahnama'i MS, Marchesi JR. The urinary microbiome and its contribution to lower urinary tract symptoms; ICI-RS 2015. Neurourol Urodyn 2017; 36:850-853. [PMID: 28444712 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The microbiome is the term used for the symbiotic microbial colonisation of healthy organs. Studies have found bacterial identifiers within voided urine which is apparently sterile on conventional laboratory culture, and accordingly there may be health and disease implications. METHODS The International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI-RS) established a literature review and expert consensus discussion focussed on the increasing awareness of the urinary microbiome, and potential research priorities. RESULTS The consensus considered the discrepancy between findings of conventional clinical microbiology methods, which generally rely on culture parameters predisposed towards certain "expected" organisms. Discrepancy between selective culture and RNA sequencing to study species-specific 16S ribosomal RNA is increasingly clear, and highlights the possibility that protective or harmful bacteria may be overlooked where microbiological methods are selective. There are now strong signals of the existence of a "core" urinary microbiome for the human urinary tract, particularly emerging with ageing. The consensus reviewed the potential relationship between a patient's microbiome and lower urinary tract dysfunction, whether low-count bacteriuria may be clinically significant and mechanisms which could associate micro-organisms with lower urinary tract symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Key research priorities identified include the need to establish the scope of microbiome across the range of normality and clinical presentations, and gain consensus on testing protocols. Proteomics to study enzymatic and other functions may be necessary, since different bacteria may have overlapping phenotype. Longitudinal studies into risk factors for exposure, cumulative risk, and emergence of disease need to undertaken. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:850-853, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Drake
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Morris
- Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Apostolos Apostolidis
- 2nd Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mohammad S Rahnama'i
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Moro C, Edwards L, Chess-Williams R. 5-HT 2A receptor enhancement of contractile activity of the porcine urothelium and lamina propria. Int J Urol 2016; 23:946-951. [PMID: 27531585 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) on the contractile properties of the urothelium and lamina propria, as a better understanding of bladder physiology might aid the development of new treatments. METHODS Strips of porcine urothelium and lamina propria were suspended in gassed Krebs-bicarbonate solution, and cumulative concentration-response curves for 5-HT were generated in the absence and presence of 5-HT antagonists, Nω-nitro-l-arginine and indomethacin. Responses to α-methyl-5-HT were also examined. RESULTS Strips of urothelium/lamina propria developed spontaneous contractions, whereas the addition of 5-HT induced concentration-dependent increases in contractile tone with maximal contractions of 50.43 ± 2.78 mN/g tissue weight (n = 100). Tonic contractions to 5-HT were unchanged in the presence of Nω-nitro-l-arginine (100 μmol/L) or indomethacin (5 μmol/L). Selective concentrations of the antagonists methiothepin (5-HT1&2 , 100 nmol/L), RS102221 (5-HT2C , 30 nmol/L), ondansetron (5-HT3 , 30 nmol/L), GR113808, (5-HT4 , 100 nmol/L), SB699551 (5-HT5 , 10 nmol/L), SB399885 (5-HT6 , 100 nmol/L) and SB269970 (5-HT7 , 10 nmol/L) did not influence responses to 5-HT. However, the 5-HT2A antagonist, ketanserin (30-300 μmol/L), caused a shift of the 5-HT curve yielding an affinity estimate of 7.9. CONCLUSIONS The results show that contractile responses of the urothelium/lamina propria to 5-HT are predominantly mediated through the 5-HT2A receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Moro
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lily Edwards
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Promising Effects of a Novel EP2 and EP3 Receptor Dual Agonist, ONO-8055, on Neurogenic Underactive Bladder in a Rat Lumbar Canal Stenosis Model. J Urol 2016; 196:609-16. [PMID: 26880410 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether the novel EP (prostaglandin E2) receptor agonist ONO-8055 would improve the lower urinary tract dysfunction of neurogenic underactive bladder in a rat lumbar spinal canal stenosis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we studied the agonistic effect of ONO-8055 on EP receptors in EP receptor expressing CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells using the increase in the intracellular calcium level and intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) production as indicators of receptor activation. The effects of ONO-8055 on bladder and urethral strips from normal rats were then investigated. Finally, the effects of ONO-8055 on bladder and urethral function in rats with lumbar spinal canal stenosis were evaluated by awake cystometry and intraurethral perfusion pressure, respectively. The effects of tamsulosin and distigmine on urethral pressure were also evaluated. RESULTS ONO-8055 is a highly potent and selective agonist for EP2 and EP3 receptors on CHO cells. While this compound contracted bladder strips, it relaxed urethral strips. Awake cystometry showed that ONO-8055 significantly decreased bladder capacity, post-void residual urine and voiding pressure. Compared with vehicle, tamsulosin and ONO-8055 significantly decreased urethral pressure. CONCLUSIONS ONO-8055 decreased post-void residual urine, probably by decreasing bladder capacity. The decrease in voiding pressure probably resulted from the lowered urethral pressure due to relaxation of the urethra. Thus, the novel EP2 and EP3 receptor dual agonist ONO-8055 has the potential to improve neurogenic underactive bladder.
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