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Electrochemical Profiling of Plants. ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem3030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The profiling, or fingerprinting, of distinct varieties of the Plantae kingdom is based on the bioactive ingredients, which are systematically segregated to perform their detailed analysis. The secondary products portray a pivotal role in defining the ecophysiology of distinct plant species. There is a crucial role of the profiling domain in understanding the various features, characteristics, and conditions related to plants. Advancements in variable technologies have contributed to the development of highly specific sensors for the non-invasive detection of molecules. Furthermore, many hyphenated techniques have led to the development of highly specific integrated systems that allow multiplexed detection, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, etc., which are quite cumbersome and un-economical. In contrast, electrochemical sensors are a promising alternative which are capable of performing the precise recognition of compounds due to efficient signal transduction. However, due to a few bottlenecks in understanding the principles and non-redox features of minimal metabolites, the area has not been explored. This review article provides an insight to the electrochemical basis of plants in comparison with other traditional approaches and with necessary positive and negative outlooks. Studies consisting of the idea of merging the fields are limited; hence, relevant non-phytochemical reports are included for a better comparison of reports to broaden the scope of this work.
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Traipop S, Chuanuwatanakul S, Chailapakul O, Punrat E. Facile and Fast Detection of Genistein in Derris scandens by Square Wave Voltammetry using a Cobalt(II) Phthalocyanine-Modified Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensor. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180521091053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Recently, Derris scandens, a Thai herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory
activity, is widely used as beverage and supplementary food. When the traditional medicine is a
choice for health therapy, the simple and reliable equipment is required to control the suitable consuming
amount of the active component.
Objective:
To develop the electrochemical sensor for genistein determination in Derris scandens with
high sensitivity and rapid operation.
Methods:
An in-house screen-printed electrochemical sensor consisting of a three-electrode system
was developed for genistein determination. A silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode, a
carbon counter electrode and a carbon working electrode were prepared on a 0.3-mm-thick plastic
substrate by the screen-printing technique using conductive ink. The dimensions of each sensor were
2.5×1.0 cm. Only 50 µL of sample solution was required on this device for the determination of
genistein concentration by rapid response square wave voltammetry.
Results:
The oxidation peak of genistein appeared with good response in acidic media at a peak potential
of 0.6 V. Moreover, the signal was enhanced by modifying the conductive carbon ink with cobalt(
II) phthalocyanine. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range was found to be 2.5-150 µM
and the detection limit was 1.5 µM. Moreover, the small volume extraction was successfully developed
without any further pre-concentration. This proposed method was applied to determine genistein
in Derris scandens with satisfying results.
Conclusion:
The proposed method is promising as an alternative method for genistein determination
with facile and fast analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinya Traipop
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellent, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchada Chuanuwatanakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellent, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellent, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eakkasit Punrat
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers based on silica modified by deep eutectic solvents for the rapid simultaneous magnetic-based solid-phase extraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge
, Glycine max (Linn.) Merr
and green tea. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1111-1118. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim YR, Pyo HS, Chung BC, Moon MH, Lee J. GC-MS Analysis of Various Phytoestrogens in Health Functional Foods. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Hee Soo Pyo
- Molecular Recognition Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Jeongae Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
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Gałęzowska G, Cieszynska-Semenowicz M, Okrągła E, Szychowska K, Wolska L. Progress in Analytical Techniques for Determination of Urine Components. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1281826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Gałęzowska
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Emilia Okrągła
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szychowska
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environment Toxicology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Csupor D, Bognár J, Karsai J. An Optimized Method for the Quantification of Isoflavones in Dry Soy Extract Containing Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Visnevschi-Necrasov T, Barreira JCM, Cunha SC, Pereira G, Nunes E, Oliveira MBPP. Advances in isoflavone profile characterisation using matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled to HPLC/DAD in Medicago species. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2015; 26:40-46. [PMID: 25098548 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analytical methods used in phytochemistry analysis are limited by the sample preparation step, which should ideally be fast, accurate, ecofriendly and achievable using low quantities of the sample. Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) may be a good alternative for combining extraction and purification procedures, thereby reducing the indicated limitations. OBJECTIVE Applying an MSPD extraction procedure coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detection (HPLC/DAD) as an alternative methodology to evaluate isoflavone profiles. METHODS Isoflavone profiles were determined for the leaves of nine species of Medicago in the late flower phenological stage (one or more nodes with 50% open flowers, no seed pods). Extraction was performed following MSPD, and isoflavone profiles were characterised using HPLC/DAD. The quantified amounts were compared with previous results in different species commonly recognised as good sources of isoflavones. RESULTS Formononetin was the major isoflavone in most species, except M. polymorpha and M. truncatula. The isoflavone amounts were significantly different among the assayed species, with M. orbicularis and M. arabica as the major isoflavone sources, while M. rigidula presented the lowest contents. Furthermore, the detected differences allow electing the best species as a primary source of a specific isoflavone. CONCLUSION The MSPD allowed good extraction efficiency, reproducibility and recovery. Some of the species showed relevant isoflavone contents, even when compared with acknowledged plant sources such as soy or red clover. To the best of our knowledge the results presented are reported for the first time in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Visnevschi-Necrasov
- CIBIO-ICETA, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313
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9
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Popa OM, Diculescu VC. Electrochemical Behaviour of Isoflavones Genistein and Biochanin A at a Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Kiss B, Popa DS, Paltinean R, Loghin F. A HIGH-THROUGHPUT UPLC-MS/MS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF SIX PHYTOESTROGENS FROM GENISTA TINCTORIA EXTRACTS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.638410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Kiss
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Ramona Paltinean
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Botany , “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Felicia Loghin
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
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11
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Pressurized liquid extraction as a sample preparation method for the analysis of isoflavones in pulses. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:361-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Fernandes IPG, Oliveira SCB, Ghalkhani M, Shahrokhian S, Oliveira-Brett AM. Electrochemical Oxidation Mechanisms of the Antioxidants Daidzein and 7-Hydroxy-4-chromone. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Magiera S, Baranowska I, Kusa J. Development and validation of UHPLC–ESI-MS/MS method for the determination of selected cardiovascular drugs, polyphenols and their metabolites in human urine. Talanta 2012; 89:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Use of multivariate statistical techniques to optimize the separation of isoflavones by liquid chromatography. OPEN CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-011-0093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to optimize and validate a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for separation and quantification of five isoflavones. A statistical central composite design was used to separate all peaks. These multivariate procedures were efficient in determining the optimal separation condition using resolution, capacity factor, asymmetry and number of theoretical plates. The effective separation of the examined compounds was applied on a Develosil RP Aqueous AR 5 RP-30 column with a gradient mobile phase system and a DAD detector. The isolation and preconcentration of the isoflavones from urine and plasma samples were conducted by means of the solid-phase extraction (SPE). For optimize SPE conditions various sorbents were tested. Furthermore, high recoveries and good relative standard deviations were obtained when the samples were passed through the Oasis HLB column. The developed method was validated and successfully applied for determination of isoflavones in urine and plasma.
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Magiera S, Uhlschmied C, Rainer M, Huck C, Baranowska I, Bonn G. GC–MS method for the simultaneous determination of β-blockers, flavonoids, isoflavones and their metabolites in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Baranowska I, Magiera S, Baranowski J. UHPLC method for the simultaneous determination of β-blockers, isoflavones and their metabolites in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:615-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rop O, Sochor J, Jurikova T, Zitka O, Skutkova H, Mlcek J, Salas P, Krska B, Babula P, Adam V, Kramarova D, Beklova M, Provaznik I, Kizek R. Effect of five different stages of ripening on chemical compounds in medlar (Mespilus germanica L.). Molecules 2010; 16:74-91. [PMID: 21189456 PMCID: PMC6259355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of changes of nutritional value of fruit during the ripening process can help estimate the optimal date for fruit harvesting to achieve the best quality for direct consumption and further utilization. The aim of this study was to monitor the changes of chemical composition of medlar fruit (Mespilus germanica L.) measured at five various ripening stages including 134, 144, 154, 164 and 174 days after full bloom (DAFB). Fruits were analyzed and ascorbic acid (AA) and total phenolic compound content with respect to the total antioxidant activity were determined. In addition, selected micronutrients and macronutrients were monitored. The results of our experiments demonstrate that ascorbic acid, total phenolic compound content and total antioxidant activity decreased significantly with increasing time of ripeness. The decreasing tendency in potassium, calcium and magnesium contents during the ripening stages was also determined. During the ripening period, the content of all micronutrients as well as phosphorus and sodium was balanced, with no statistically significant differences between the monitored ripening stages, which can be considered as a positive fact with respect to ideal consumption quality of fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otakar Rop
- Department of Food Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Namesti T. G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tunde Jurikova
- Department of Natural and Informatics Sciences, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Drazovska 4, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Skutkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Kolejni 4, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Namesti T. G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Salas
- Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Krska
- Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kramarova
- Department of Food, Biochemistry and Analysis, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Namesti T. G. Masaryka 275, 762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Beklova
- Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Provaznik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Kolejni 4, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Fully automated spectrometric protocols for determination of antioxidant activity: advantages and disadvantages. Molecules 2010; 15:8618-40. [PMID: 21116230 PMCID: PMC6259195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15128618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe behaviour, kinetics, time courses and limitations of the six different fully automated spectrometric methods - DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, DMPD, Free Radicals and Blue CrO5. Absorption curves were measured and absorbance maxima were found. All methods were calibrated using the standard compounds Trolox® and/or gallic acid. Calibration curves were determined (relative standard deviation was within the range from 1.5 to 2.5 %). The obtained characteristics were compared and discussed. Moreover, the data obtained were applied to optimize and to automate all mentioned protocols. Automatic analyzer allowed us to analyse simultaneously larger set of samples, to decrease the measurement time, to eliminate the errors and to provide data of higher quality in comparison to manual analysis. The total time of analysis for one sample was decreased to 10 min for all six methods. In contrary, the total time of manual spectrometric determination was approximately 120 min. The obtained data provided good correlations between studied methods (R = 0.97 – 0.99).
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Analysis of isoflavones and flavonoids in human urine by UHPLC. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3211-9. [PMID: 20936271 PMCID: PMC3044235 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, ultra high-performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous identification and analysis of the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, glycitin, puerarin, and biochanin A, and the flavonoids (±)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, rutin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, quercitrin, and hesperetin in human urine. Urine samples were incubated with β-glucuronidase/sulfatase. UHPLC was performed with a Hypersil Gold (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) analytical column. Elution was with a gradient prepared from aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (0.05%) and acetonitrile. UV detection was performed at 254 and 280 nm. The calibration curves were indicative of good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9992) in the range of interest for each analyte. LODs ranged between 15.4 and 107.0 ng mL−1 and 3.9 and 20.4 ng mL−1 for flavonoids and isoflavones, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision (C.V., %) was less than 3.9% and 3.8%, respectively, and accuracy was between 0.03% and 5.0%. Recovery was 70.35–96.58%. The method is very rapid, simple, and reliable, and suitable for pharmacokinetic analysis. It can be routinely used for simultaneous determination of these five isoflavones and seven flavonoids in human urine. The method can also be applied to studies after administration of pharmaceutical preparations containing isoflavones and flavonoids to humans.
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Alves R, Almeida I, Casal S, Oliveira M. Method development and validation for isoflavones quantification in coffee. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mitoxantrone loaded superparamagnetic nanoparticles for drug targeting: a versatile and sensitive method for quantification of drug enrichment in rabbit tissues using HPLC-UV. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:597304. [PMID: 20490266 PMCID: PMC2871188 DOI: 10.1155/2010/597304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In medicine, superparamagnetic nanoparticles bound to chemotherapeutics are currently investigated for their feasibility in local tumor therapy. After intraarterial application, these particles can be accumulated in the targeted area by an external magnetic field to increase the drug concentration in the region of interest (Magnetic-Drug-Targeting). We here present an analytical method (HPLC-UV), to detect pure or ferrofluid-bound mitoxantrone in a complex matrix even in trace amounts in order to perform biodistribution studies. Mitoxantrone could be extracted in high yields from different tissues. Recovery of mitoxantrone in liver tissue (5000 ng/g) was 76 ± 2%. The limit of quantification of mitoxantrone standard was 10 ng/mL ±12%. Validation criteria such as linearity, precision, and stability were evaluated in ranges achieving the FDA requirements. As shown for pilot samples, biodistribution studies can easily be performed after application of pure or ferrofluid-bound mitoxantrone.
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Diopan V, Shestivska V, Zitka O, Galiova M, Adam V, Kaiser J, Horna A, Novotny K, Liska M, Havel L, Zehnalek J, Kizek R. Determination of Plant Thiols by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Coulometric and Amperometric Detection in Lettuce Treated by Lead(II) Ions. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mortensen A, Kulling SE, Schwartz H, Rowland I, Ruefer CE, Rimbach G, Cassidy A, Magee P, Millar J, Hall WL, Kramer Birkved F, Sorensen IK, Sontag G. Analytical and compositional aspects of isoflavones in food and their biological effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53 Suppl 2:S266-309. [PMID: 19774555 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of analytical techniques used to determine isoflavones (IFs) in foods and biological fluids with main emphasis on sample preparation methods. Factors influencing the content of IFs in food including processing and natural variability are summarized and an insight into IF databases is given. Comparisons of dietary intake of IFs in Asian and Western populations, in special subgroups like vegetarians, vegans, and infants are made and our knowledge on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion by the human body is presented. The influences of the gut microflora, age, gender, background diet, food matrix, and the chemical nature of the IFs on the metabolism of IFs are described. Potential mechanisms by which IFs may exert their actions are reviewed, and genetic polymorphism as determinants of biological response to soy IFs is discussed. The effects of IFs on a range of health outcomes including atherosclerosis, breast, intestinal, and prostate cancers, menopausal symptoms, bone health, and cognition are reviewed on the basis of the available in vitro, in vivo animal and human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Mortensen
- The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
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Valls J, Millán S, Martí MP, Borràs E, Arola L. Advanced separation methods of food anthocyanins, isoflavones and flavanols. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7143-72. [PMID: 19691963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing knowledge of the positive health effects of food polyphenols has prompted the need to develop new separation techniques for their extraction, fractionation and analysis. This article provides an updated and exhaustive review of the application of counter-current chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and their hyphenation with mass spectrometry to the study of food polyphenols. Flavonoids constitute the largest class of polyphenols, widely spread in the plant kingdom and common in human diet which has been the most widely studied with respect to their antioxidant and biological activities. The main subgroups are anthocyanins, catechins, isoflavones, flavonols and flavones. They are reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, and immune modulating functions, among others. Since red fruit anthocyanins, soy isoflavones and flavanols from grapes and teas are currently the most used phenolic compounds for producing new nutraceuticals and functional foods, this review is focused on these three flavonoid groups.
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Diopan V, Adam V, Havel L, Kizek R. Phytohormones as important biologically active molecules--their simple simultaneous detection. Molecules 2009; 14:1825-39. [PMID: 19471203 PMCID: PMC6254161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14051825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones, their functions, synthesis and effects, are of great interest. To study them in plant tissues accurate and sensitive methods are required. In the present study we aimed at optimizing experimental conditions to separate and determine not only plant hormones but also their metabolites, by liquid chromatography coupled with a UV-VIS detector. The mixture we analyzed was composed of benzyladenine, kinetin, trans-zeatin, cis-zeatin, dihydrozeatin, meta-topolin, ortho-topolin, alpha-naphthalene acetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, trans-zeatin-7-glucoside, trans-zeatin-O-glucoside, trans-zeatin-9-riboside, meta-topolin-9-riboside and ortho-topolin-9-riboside. We measured the calibration dependences and estimated limits of detection and quantification under the optimal chromatographic conditions (column: Polaris C(18); mobile phase: gradient starting at 2:98 (methanol:0.001% TFA) and was increasing to 55:45 during twenty minutes, and then decreasing for 10 min to 35:65, flow rate: 200 microL x min(-1), temperature: 50 degrees C, wavelength: 210 nm). The detection limits for the target molecules were estimated as tens of ng per mL. We also studied the effect of flax extracts on the phytohormones' signals. Recovery of aliphatic and aromatic cytokinins, metabolites of cytokinins and auxins were within the range from 87 to 105 %. The experimental conditions were tested on a mass selective detector. In addition we analysed a commercial product used for stimulation of roots formation in cuttings of poorly rooting plants. The determined content of alpha-naphthalene acetic acid was in good agreement with that declared by the manufacturer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Diopan
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mails: (V.D.), (L.H.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mails: (V.A.)
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mails: (V.A.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mail: (V.A.)
| | - Ladislav Havel
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mails: (V.D.), (L.H.)
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mails: (V.A.)
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Koning S, Janssen HG, Brinkman UAT. Modern Methods of Sample Preparation for GC Analysis. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Erratum: Analytical and compositional aspects of isoflavones in food and their biological effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rostagno MA, Villares A, Guillamón E, García-Lafuente A, Martínez JA. Sample preparation for the analysis of isoflavones from soybeans and soy foods. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2-29. [PMID: 19041977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript provides a review of the actual state and the most recent advances as well as current trends and future prospects in sample preparation and analysis for the quantification of isoflavones from soybeans and soy foods. Individual steps of the procedures used in sample preparation, including sample conservation, extraction techniques and methods, and post-extraction treatment procedures are discussed. The most commonly used methods for extraction of isoflavones with both conventional and "modern" techniques are examined in detail. These modern techniques include ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. Other aspects such as stability during extraction and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rostagno
- Centro para la Calidad de los Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Universitario "Duques de Soria", 42004 Soria, Spain.
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Gazdik Z, Reznicek V, Adam V, Zitka O, Jurikova T, Krska B, Matuskovic J, Plsek J, Saloun J, Horna A, Kizek R. Use of liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for the determination of antioxidants in less common fruits. Molecules 2008; 13:2823-36. [PMID: 19015622 PMCID: PMC6244844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules131102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) have become the common global health burden over the last several decades. According to World Health Organization (WHO), a staggering 30 million people will be affected by Alzheimer's disease in Europe and the USA by 2050. Effective therapies in this complex field considering the multitude of symptoms associated with NDD indications, have not been found yet. Based on the results of NDD related studies, prevention appears to be the promise alternative. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties are hypothesized for natural phenolics, a group of plant secondary products that may positively impact neurodegenerative diseases. In these studies, phenolic-rich extracts from less common fruit species: Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera edulis, Turcz. ex. Freyn), Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.), and Chinese hawthorn (Crateagus pinnatifida Bunge) were obtained and analyzed to detect neuroprotective substances content and establish a potential therapeutic value. High performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was optimized and further applied on analysis of the extracts of less common fruit species. It was observed that Chinese hawthorn and Blue honeysuckle extracts are potent source of neuroprotective phenolic antioxidants. In accordance the results, it appears that the fruit or formulated products may have the potential for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbynek Gazdik
- Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; E-mails: (Z. C.), (V. R.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mail: (V. A.)
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, , Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Reznicek
- Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; E-mails: (Z. C.), (V. R.)
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mail: (V. A.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mail: (V. A.)
| | - Tunde Jurikova
- Institute of Natural and Informatics’ Sciences, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nabrezie mladeze 91, SK-949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic; E-mail:
| | - Boris Krska
- Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Matuskovic
- Department of Fruit Production, Viticulture, and Enology, Horticulture and Landscape Engineering Faculty, University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, SK-949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Plsek
- Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; E-mails: (Z. C.), (V. R.)
| | - Jan Saloun
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1 - 3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Horna
- Tomas Bata University, T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-mail: (V. A.)
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Diopan V, Babula P, Shestivska V, Adam V, Zemlicka M, Dvorska M, Hubalek J, Trnkova L, Havel L, Kizek R. Electrochemical and spectrometric study of antioxidant activity of pomiferin, isopomiferin, osajin and catalposide. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:127-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vacek J, Klejdus B, Lojková L, Kubán V. Current trends in isolation, separation, determination and identification of isoflavones: A review. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2054-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Mikelova R, Prokop Z, Stejskal K, Adam V, Beklova M, Trnkova L, Kulichova B, Horna A, Chaloupkova R, Damborsky J, Kizek R. Enzymatic Reaction Coupled with Flow-Injection Analysis with Charged Aerosol, Coulometric, or Amperometric Detection for Estimation of Contamination of the Environment by Pesticides. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Jian-Bo H, Xiao-Jie G. Chronoamperometric Curves Obtained from Optical Absorption Signals. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Schwartz H, Sontag G. Determination of isoflavones in nutritional supplements by HPLC with coulometric electrode array detection. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu EH, Qi LW, Cao J, Li P, Li CY, Peng YB. Advances of modern chromatographic and electrophoretic methods in separation and analysis of flavonoids. Molecules 2008; 13:2521-44. [PMID: 18927516 PMCID: PMC6245463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, one of the largest groups of secondary metabolites, are widespread in vegetable crops such as herbs, fruits, vegetables, grains, seeds and derived foods such as juices, wines, oils, etc. They receive considerable attention due to their biological and physiological importance. Hundreds of publications on the analysis of flavonoids have appeared over the past decade. Traditional and more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample preparation, separation, detection, and identification. This review intends to provide an updated, concise overview on the recent development and trends of separation, identification and quantification for flavonoids by modern chromatographic and spectrophotometric analytical techniques, including gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The sample preparation before analysis is also briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Hu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines-China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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36
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Klejdus B, Vacek J, Benesová L, Kopecký J, Lapcík O, Kubán V. Rapid-resolution HPLC with spectrometric detection for the determination and identification of isoflavones in soy preparations and plant extracts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:2277-85. [PMID: 17899029 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid-resolution HPLC/UV-VIS DAD separation method (which takes <1 min) for the determination and identification of genistin, genistein, daidzein, daidzin, glycitin, glycitein, ononin, formononetin, sissotrin and biochanin A in fmol quantities in submicroliter sample volumes was optimized. A linear gradient elution (0 min 22% B, 1.0 min 80% B, 1.4 min 100% B, 1.8 min 22% B) using a mobile phase containing 0.2 % (v/v) acetic acid (solvent A) and methanol (solvent B) was applied on a Zorbax SB C18 column (1.8 microm particle size) at 80 degrees C. The method was verified using samples of bits of soy and methanolic extracts from Trifolium pratense, Iresine herbstii and Ononis spinosa plants. Pseudobaptigenin glucoside, irilone, prunetin, texasin, tlatlancuayin and other isoflavones, in addition to aglycones of isoflavones and their beta-glucosides and malonyl and acetyl derivatives, were identified by UV-VIS DAD and electrospray mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Klejdus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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37
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Zerzaňová A, Žižkovský V, Kučera R, Klimeš J, Jesenský I, Dohnal J, Barrón D. Using of HPLC coupled with coulometric detector for the determination of biotin in pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:730-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Donkor O, Shah N. Production of β-Glucosidase and Hydrolysis of Isoflavone Phytoestrogens by Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Lactobacillus casei in Soymilk. J Food Sci 2007; 73:M15-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Utilizing of Square Wave Voltammetry to Detect Flavonoids in the Presence of Human Urine. SENSORS 2007; 7:2402-2418. [PMID: 28903234 PMCID: PMC3864529 DOI: 10.3390/s7102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
About biological affecting of flavonoids on animal organisms is known less, thus we selected flavonoids, flavanones and flavones, and their glycosides, which were examined as potential inducers of cytochrome(s) P450 when administrated by gavages into experimental male rats. The study was focused on induction of CYP1A1, the major cytochrome P450 involved in carcinogen activation. The data obtained demonstrate the necessity of taking into account not only ability of flavonoids to bind to Ah receptor (induction factor) but also to concentrate on their distribution and metabolism (including colon microflora) in the body. After that we examined certain flavonoids as potential inducers of cytochrome P450, we wanted to suggest and optimize suitable electrochemical technique for determination of selected flavonoids (quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, chrysin and diosmin) in body liquids. For these purposes, we selected square wave voltannetry using carbon paste electrode. Primarily we aimed on investigation of their basic electrochemical behaviour. After that we have optimized frequency, step potential and supporting electrolyte. Based on the results obtained, we selected the most suitable conditions for determination of the flavonoids as follows: frequency 180 Hz, step potential 1.95 mV/s and phosphate buffer of pH 7 as supporting electrolyte. Detection limits (3 S/N) of the flavonoids were from units to tens of nM except diosmin, where the limit were higher than μM. In addition, we attempted to suggest a sensor for analysis of flavonoids in urine. It clearly follows from the results obtained that flavonoids can be analysed in the presence of animal urine, because urine did not influence much the signals of flavonoids (recoveries of the signals were about 90 %).
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40
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Hazards of Secondary Bromadiolone Intoxications Evaluated using High-performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection. SENSORS 2007. [DOI: 10.3390/s7071271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Zhai XJ, Qu HB, Shao Q, Cheng YY. Simultaneous Quantification of Puerarin and Daidzein in Rat Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Post-Column Modification and Fluorescence Detection. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Mikelova R, Baloun J, Petrlova J, Adam V, Havel L, Petrek J, Horna A, Kizek R. Electrochemical determination of Ag-ions in environment waters and their action on plant embryos. Bioelectrochemistry 2006; 70:508-18. [PMID: 17251068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 11/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We utilized liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ED) for analyzing of silver ions. The optimization of basic chromatographic parameters has been done. The detection limit (3 S/N) obtained were 20 nmol/dm(3). Influence of different interferences (anions and cations) on current response of silver ions has been described. Moreover, we used HPLC-ED to analyze waters of different purity including photographic emulsion, which naturally contained silver ions. We found out that content of silver ions in the emulsion was 1.57 x 0.03 mmol/dm(3). Moreover, we investigated influence of silver ions on early somatic embryos of Blue Spruce. We were interested in the issue how much silver ions can embryos uptake during four days long treatment. For this purpose, we used optimized HPLC-ED technique. The content increased with increasing treatment time and applied concentration. We also studied how silver ions can influence thiols content in the treated embryos. For these purposes we used adsorptive transfer stripping voltammetry in connection with differential pulse voltammetry--Brdicka reaction. It clearly follows from the obtained results that content of thiols increased with increasing treatment time and applied concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Mikelova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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43
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Flow Injection Analysis Coupled with Carbon Electrodes as the Tool for Analysis of Naphthoquinones with Respect to Their Content and Functions in Biological Samples. SENSORS 2006. [DOI: 10.3390/s6111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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44
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Tian H, Yang B, Xu J, Wang H, Guan Y. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric analysis of puerarin and its metabolite in human urine. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:2692-6. [PMID: 17313111 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A specific LC-MS method was developed that allowed simultaneous determination of puerarin (PU) and its major metabolite, daidzein (DA), in human urine samples. PU and DA were separated on a packed capillary ODS column with on column concentration. Identification and quantification of the analytes were performed with ESI-Q-TOF mass spectroscopy in negative ionization mode. The method was validated, yielding calibration curves with correlation coefficients greater than 0.998. The LOQ for PU and DA from human urine samples was 0.1 and 0.05 nmol/mL, respectively. Assay accuracy and precision of quality control samples were within +/- 15%. Recoveries of PU and DA in spiked samples were in the range of 79.6-90.4 and 82.3-92.4%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Tian
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
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45
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Micke GA, Fujiya NM, Tonin FG, de Oliveira Costa AC, Tavares MFM. Method development and validation for isoflavones in soy germ pharmaceutical capsules using micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1625-32. [PMID: 16631335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The separation of six soy isoflavones (Glycitein, Daidzein, Genistein, Daidzin, Glycitin and Genistin) was approached by a 3(2) factorial design studying MEKC electrolyte components at the following levels: methanol (MeOH; 0-10%) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS; 20-70 mmol L(-1)); sodium tetraborate buffer (STB) concentration was kept constant at 10 mmol L(-1). Nine experiments were performed and the apparent mobility of each isoflavone was computed as a function of the electrolyte composition. A novel response function (RF) was formulated based on the production of the mobility differences, mobility of the first and last eluting peaks and the electrolyte conductance. The inspection of the response surface indicated an optimum electrolyte composition as 10 mmol L(-1) STB (pH 9.3) containing 40 mmol L(-1) SDS and 1% MeOH promoting baseline separation of all isoflavones in less than 7.5 min. The proposed method was applied to the determination of total isoflavones in soy germ capsules from four different pharmaceutical laboratories. A 2h extraction procedure with 80% (v/v) MeOH under vortexing at room temperature was employed. Peak assignment of unknown isoflavones in certain samples was assisted by hydrolysis procedures, migration behavior and UV spectra comparison. Three malonyl isoflavone derivatives were tentatively assigned. A few figures of merit for the proposed method include: repeatability (n=6) better than 0.30% CV (migration time) and 1.7% CV (peak area); intermediate precision (n=18) better than 6.2% CV (concentration); recoveries at two concentration levels, 20 and 50 microg mL(-1), varied from 99.1 to 103.6%. Furthermore, the proposed method exhibited linearity in the concentration range of 1.6-50 microg mL(-1) (r(2)>0.9999) with LOQ varying from 0.67 to 1.2 microg mL(-1). The capsules purity varied from 93.3 to 97.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 26077, 05513-970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Peñalvo JL, Nurmi T. Application of coulometric electrode array detection to the analysis of isoflavonoids and lignans. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1497-507. [PMID: 16644172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the available methods for the analysis of isoflavonoids and lignans in biological matrices based on coulometric electrode array detection (CEAD) is presented. Different aspects such as sample extraction and purification procedures as well as instrumental settings and method validation are discussed. Comparisons with other available protocols using different detection techniques such as mass spectrometry or immunoassay are also reported to underline the versatility and reliability of the detector. Practical notes and tips for scientists working with CEAD are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Peñalvo
- Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition and Cancer, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Division of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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César IDC, Braga FC, Soares CDV, Nunan EDA, Pianetti GA, Condessa FA, Barbosa TAF, Campos LMM. Development and validation of a RP-HPLC method for quantification of isoflavone aglycones in hydrolyzed soy dry extracts. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 836:74-8. [PMID: 16595194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones are widely used as an alternative treatment to hormone replacement therapy and also for prevention of several chronic diseases, including cancers. Genistein, daidzein and glycitein are the most abundant isoflavone aglycones found in soy extracts, where they also occur as glycosides. This paper describes the development and validation of an isocratic reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method for the analysis of isoflavone aglycones, released after acid hydrolysis of soy dry extracts, used as pharmaceutical raw material. The quantification was carried out in a C(18) endcapped column, using a mobile phase composed of 0.1% acetic acid and methanol (52:48), at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and diode array detection (DAD) at 254 nm. The method showed to be linear (r(2)>0.99), precise (R.S.D.<2%), accurate (recovery of 98.88% for daidzein and 98.12% for genistein), robust and specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela da Costa César
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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48
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Petrlova J, Mikelova R, Stejskal K, Kleckerova A, Zitka O, Petrek J, Havel L, Zehnalek J, Vojtech A, Trnkova L, Kizek R. Simultaneous determination of eight biologically active thiol compounds using gradient elution-liquid chromatography with Coul-Array detection. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1166-73. [PMID: 16830732 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The most active form of sulfur in biomolecules is the thiol group, present in a number of biologically active compounds. Here we present a comprehensive study of thiol analysis using flow injection analysis/HPLC with electrochemical detection. The effect of different potentials of working electrodes, of organic solvent contents in the mobile phase, and of isocratic and gradient elution on simultaneous determination of thiol compounds (cysteine, cystine, N-acetylcysteine, homocysteine, reduced and oxidised glutathione, desglycinephytochelatin, and phytochelatins) are described and discussed. These thiol compounds were well separated and detected under optimised HPLC-electrochemical detection conditions (mobile phase: 80 mM trifluoroacetic acid and methanol with a gradient profile starting at 97:3 (TFA:methanol), kept constant for the first 8 min, then decreasing to 85:15 during one minute, kept constant for 8 min, and finally increasing linearly up to 97:3 from 17 to 18 min; the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, column and detector temperature 25 degrees C, and the electrode potential 900 mV). We were able to determine tens of femtomoles (3 S/N) of the thiols per injection (5 microL), except for phytochelatin5 whose detection limit was 2.1 pmole. This technique was consequently used for simultaneous determination of compounds of interest in biological samples (maize tissue and human blood serum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Petrlova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic
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49
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de Rijke E, Out P, Niessen WMA, Ariese F, Gooijer C, Brinkman UAT. Analytical separation and detection methods for flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112:31-63. [PMID: 16480997 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Revised: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids receive considerable attention in the literature, specifically because of their biological and physiological importance. This review focuses on separation and detection methods for flavonoids and their application to plants, food, drinks and biological fluids. The topics that will be discussed are sample treatment, column liquid chromatography (LC), but also methods such as gas chromatography (GC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), various detection methods and structural characterization. Because of the increasing interest in structure elucidation of flavonoids, special attention will be devoted to the use of tandem-mass spectrometric (MS/MS) techniques for the characterization of several important sub-classes, and to the potential of combined diode-array UV (DAD UV), tandem-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection for unambiguous identification. Emphasis will be on recent developments and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva de Rijke
- Quest International, Department of Analytical Research and Development, Huizerstraatweg 28, 1411 GP Naarden, The Netherlands.
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50
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Carabias-Martínez R, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Revilla-Ruiz P, Hernández-Méndez J. Pressurized liquid extraction in the analysis of food and biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1089:1-17. [PMID: 16130765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Originally, the use of the pressurized liquid extraction technique (PLE) was mainly focused on the extraction of environmental pollutants present in soil matrices, sediments, and sewage sludge. However, more recently the distinct advantages of this technique are being exploited in diverse areas, including biology, and the pharmaceutical and food industries. The aim of the present review is to explore recent analytical applications of this extraction technique (PLE) in the extraction of contaminant compounds and matrix components in food and biological samples, placing special emphasis on the strategies followed to obtain a rapid, selective, efficient and reliable extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carabias-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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