1
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Rosser SPA, McLachlan AJ, Hempel G, Chung J, Shaw PJ, Keogh SJ, Nath CE. Validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of N,N-dimethylacetamide and N-monomethylacetamide in pediatric plasma. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2201003. [PMID: 36879545 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
N,Na-dimethylacetamide is an excipient used in intravenous busulfan formulations, a drug used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of N,N-dimethylacetamide, and its metabolite N-monomethylacetamide in plasma from children receiving busulfan. A 4 μl aliquot of patient plasma was extracted using 196 μl 50% methanol solution and quantified against calibrators prepared in the extraction solvent given negligible matrix effects across three concentrations. 9 [H2 ]-N,N-dimethylacetamide was used as an internal standard. Separation of N,N-dimethylacetamide and N-monomethylacetamide was achieved using a Kinetex EVO C18 stationary phase (100 mm × 2.1 mm × 2.6 μm) running an isocratic mobile phase of 30% methanol containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow of 0.2 ml/min over 3.0 min. The injection volume was 1 μl. Calibration curves for N,N-dimethylacetamide and N-monomethylacetamide were linear up to 1200 and 200 μg/L, respectively, with a lower limit of quantification 1 μg/L for both analytes. Calibrator accuracy and precision were within ± 10% of the test parameters across four concentration levels. Analytes were stable over 14 days at three different storage conditions. This method was successfully applied to measure N,N-dimethylacetamide and N-monomethylacetamide concentrations in a total of 1265 plasma samples from 77 children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P A Rosser
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J McLachlan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georg Hempel
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Münster, Sydney, Germany
| | - Jason Chung
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter J Shaw
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven J Keogh
- Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christa E Nath
- Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Cancer Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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2
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Catalytic ozonation of N, N-dimethylacetamide in aqueous solution by Fe3O4@SiO2@MgO composite: Optimization, degradation pathways and mechanism. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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3
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Xiong Z, Li J, Li Y, Yuan Y, Jiang Y, Yao G, Lai B. Simultaneously enhanced degradation of N, N-dimethylacetamide and reduced formation of iron sludge by an efficient electrolysis catalyzed ozone process in the presence of dissolved silicate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124725. [PMID: 33290911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The generation of sludge is the main issue in iron-based electrochemical techniques. Interestingly, in this study, the effluent was totally limpid and iron sludge did not generate when dissolved silicate (Na2SiO3) was used as the electrolyte in an electrolysis catalyzed ozone (ECO-Na2SiO3) system. More importantly, the pseudo-first-order rate constants (0.112 min-1) for DMAC degradation in ECO-Na2SiO3 process was much higher than those of ECO systems using other electrolytes. An inhibition film formed on the iron electrode surface was identified to inhibit excess corrosion of iron electrodes and efficiently catalyze decomposition of ozone simultaneously. It was confirmed that hydroxyl radical (•OH) played a dominant role for the degradation of DMAC, and O2•- and H2O2 were also contained in ECO-Na2SiO3 system. The contributions of contained oxidative reactions in ECO-Na2SiO3 system were quantitatively evaluated. Finally, the degradation pathway of DMAC was proposed. This work provides an effective way for protecting electrode from corrosion in electrochemical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yanni Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Bo Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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4
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Khera N, Ghayor C, Lindholm AK, Pavlova E, Atanassova N, Weber FE. Reversible Contraceptive Potential of FDA Approved Excipient N, N-Dimethylacetamide in Male Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:601084. [PMID: 33240111 PMCID: PMC7683412 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.601084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective male contraceptive agent remains a challenge. The present study evaluates the potential of N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), a FDA approved excipient as a male contraceptive agent. Male Sprague Dawley rats injected with DMA for a period of 8 weeks (one injection per week) showed a significant alteration of reproductive parameters. Furthermore, DMA treated animals showed complete infertility in a dose dependent manner, as no pups were born despite proper mating between females and DMA treated males. However, stopping the DMA treatment for a period of 8 weeks (after the initial treatment) restored the reproductive parameters to normal. Moreover, the fertility was resumed to normal as pups were born in the groups where DMA treatment was halted after initial DMA treatment. All these changes had no effect on the level of reproductive hormones FSH, LH and testosterone. Taken together, our results indicate that DMA acts in a reversible and non-hormonal manner to achieve contraception in rats. Therefore, repurposing the use of DMA could lead in a short time to an inexpensive and safer male contraceptive option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Khera
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna K Lindholm
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nina Atanassova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Franz E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Khera N, Ghayor C, Lindholm AK, Pavlova E, Atanassova N, Weber FE. N, N-Dimethylacetamide, an FDA approved excipient, acts post-meiotically to impair spermatogenesis and cause infertility in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:127001. [PMID: 32447106 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N, N-Dimethylacetamide is an FDA approved solvent widely used in pharmaceutical industry to facilitate the solubility of lipophilic, high molecular weight drugs with poor water solubility. However, the cytotoxic effects of DMA raises the concern about its use in clinical applications. In the present study, we address the effect of DMA on spermatogenesis. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected intra-peritoneally for 8 weeks, once a week at a dose of 862 mg/kg. Analysis of reproductive parameters revealed that DMA treated animals exhibit spermatid formation defects within the testis describing the characteristics of oligozoospermia. A subsequent decrease in epididymal sperm concentration along with distortion of sperm morphology was observed. The mitochondrial and microtubule organization in the sperm is considerably modified by DMA. This disrupts the sperm kinetics thus decreasing the total and progressive sperm motility. Finally, DMA treatment resulted in loss of fertility. Our results indicate that exposure to DMA has a negative impact on spermatogenesis and leads to infertility in male rats by inhibiting the post meiotic stages of sperm development. Therefore, the use of DMA in humans must be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Khera
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna K Lindholm
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nina Atanassova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Franz E Weber
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Plattenstrasse11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland; CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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6
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Cirri M, Mura P, Valleri M, Brunetti L. Development and Characterization of Liquisolid Tablets Based on Mesoporous Clays or Silicas for Improving Glyburide Dissolution. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060503. [PMID: 32492869 PMCID: PMC7355560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of mesoporous clays or silicas to develop fast-dissolving glyburide tablets based on a liquisolid approach. Selected clay (Neusilin®US2) and silica (Aeroperl®300) allowed preparation of innovative drug liquisolid systems containing dimethylacetamide or 2-pyrrolidone as drug solvents, without using coating materials which are necessary in conventional systems. The obtained liquisolid powders were characterized for solid-state properties, flowability, compressibility, morphology, granulometry, and then used for directly compressed tablet preparation. The developed liquisolid tablets provided a marked drug dissolution increase, reaching 98% dissolved drug after 60 min, compared to 40% and 50% obtained from a reference tablet containing the plain drug, and a commercial tablet. The improved glyburide dissolution was attributed to its increased wetting properties and surface area, due to its amorphization/solubilization within the liquisolid matrix, as confirmed by DSC and PXRD studies. Mesoporous clay and silica, owing to their excellent adsorbent, flow, and compressibility properties, avoided use of coating materials and considerably improved liquid-loading capacity, reducing the carrier amount necessary to obtain freely flowing powders. Neusilin®US2 showed a superior performance than Aeroperl®300 in terms of the tablet’s technological properties. Finally, simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the proposed approach make it particularly advantageous for industrial scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Cirri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Paola Mura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-4573672
| | - Maurizio Valleri
- Menarini Manufacturing Logistics and Services, s.r.l. (AMMLS), 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Letizia Brunetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.C.); (L.B.)
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7
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The Release of the Bromodomain Ligand N,N-Dimethylacetamide Adds Bioactivity to a Resorbable Guided Bone Regeneration Membrane in a Rabbit Calvarial Defect Model. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030501. [PMID: 31973011 PMCID: PMC7040842 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA) is FDA approved as an excipient and is used as drug-delivery vehicle. Due to its amphipathic nature and diverse bioactivities, it appears to be a good combination of biodegradable poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA)-based guided bone regeneration membranes. Here we show that the solvent DMA can be loaded to PLGA membranes by different regimes, leading to distinct release profiles, and enhancing the bone regeneration in vivo. Our results highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of DMA in guided bone regeneration procedures, in combination with biodegradable PLGA membranes.
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8
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Peng J, Yan J, Chen Q, Jiang X, Yao G, Lai B. Natural mackinawite catalytic ozonation for N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) degradation in aqueous solution: Kinetic, performance, biotoxicity and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:831-842. [PMID: 30048935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the degradation of N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) in aqueous solution, the natural mackinawite (NM) is introduced for catalytic ozonation in this study as it is an environmentally friendly catalyst with low cost and easy availability. The properties of the NM were initially characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then, impact factors including NM dosage, ozone gas concentration and initial pH were investigated and the optimal conditions (i.e., NM dosage = 3.5 g/L, ozone gas concentration = 300 L/min, initial pH = 6.8) were obtained in NM/O3 process. Besides, the superiority of the NM/O3 process was confirmed by the experiments that the degradation efficiency of DMAC in the NM/O3 process (i.e., 95.4%) was much higher than that in the zero-valent iron (ZVI)/O3 process (i.e., 46.1%) and the synthetic FeS/O3 process (i.e., 68.6%). Furthermore, the intermediate and possible degradation pathway of DMAC were proposed, and the biological toxicity of the intermediate was subsequently evaluated by the activated sludge. Finally, the mechanism of the NM/O3 process was proposed in this study based on control experiment and radical scavenging experiment. The extraordinary efficiency for DMAC degradation was found to be mainly caused by HO• of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) (i.e., HO•, O2•- and H2O2) generated in the NM/O3 process. Therefore, this study confirmed that NM was a high efficient catalyst for degradation the toxic and refractory pollutants in catalytic ozonation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Peng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianfei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qixuan Chen
- Haitian Water Group Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Bo Lai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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9
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Xiong Z, Lai B, Yang P. Insight into a highly efficient electrolysis-ozone process for N,N-dimethylacetamide degradation: Quantitative analysis of the role of catalytic ozonation, fenton-like and peroxone reactions. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 140:12-23. [PMID: 29680778 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient electrolysis catalyzed ozone (ECO) process was developed for N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) degradation. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs) of DMAC degradation by ECO process were 1.73-19.09 times greater than those by ozonation and electrolysis processes in a wide pH range of 3.0-10.0. Interestingly, we found O2•- could be generated from ozone decomposition by a radical chain mechanism instead of monovalent reduction of O2 in ECO system at the initial pH of 3.0. Subsequently, the H2O2 derived from O2•- could participate in Fenton-like and peroxone reactions with the released Fe2+ from iron anode and the aerated O3, respectively. Therefore, the extraordinary DMAC removal efficiency was mainly caused by the more generation of •OH through the multiple reactions of homogeneous catalytic ozonation, Fenton-like and peroxone in ECO system. Importantly, the roles of involved reactions in ECO system at various initial pH were quantitatively evaluated according to a series of trapping experiments. The results reveal that the solution pH could significantly affect the contributions of various reactions and convert the reaction mechanisms of multiple reactions in ECO system. Finally, the degradation intermediates were detected to propose a possible DMAC oxidation pathway in the ECO system. This work provides a deep insight into the quantitative analysis of the role of multiple oxidation reactions mechanism and the design of efficient electrochemical advanced oxidation technology for recalcitrant organic pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Xiong
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bo Lai
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Ping Yang
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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10
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Zhuo M, Abass OK, Zhang K. New insights into the treatment of realN,N-dimethylacetamide contaminated wastewater using a membrane bioreactor and its membrane fouling implications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12799-12807. [PMID: 35541242 PMCID: PMC9079631 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01657g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) wastewater is an important step in achieving the sustainable industrial application of DMAC as an organic solvent. This is the first time that treatment of a high concentration of DMAC in real wastewater has been assessed using membrane bioreactor technology. In this study, an anoxic–oxic membrane bioreactor (MBR) was operated over a month to mineralize concentrated DMAC wastewater. Severe membrane fouling occurred during the short-term operation of the MBR as the membrane flux decreased from 11.52 to 5.28 L (m2 h)−1. The membrane fouling was aggravated by the increased amount of protein fractions present in the MBR mixed liquor. Moreover, results from the excitation–emission matrix analysis identified tryptophan and other protein-like related substances as the major membrane-fouling components. Furthermore, analysis of the DMAC degradation mechanism via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ion chromatography (IC) revealed that the major degradation products were ammonium and dimethylamine (DMA). Although the MBR system achieved the steady removal of DMAC and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by up to 98% and 80%, respectively at DMAC0 ≤ 7548 mg L−1, DMA was found to have accumulated in the treated effluent. Our investigation provides insight into the prospect and challenges of using MBR systems for DMAC wastewater degradation. Treatment of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) wastewater is an important step in achieving the sustainable industrial application of DMAC as an organic solvent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshui Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Institute of Urban Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Olusegun K. Abass
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Institute of Urban Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Kaisong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Institute of Urban Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
- China
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11
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Chen X, Yang C, Wang W, Ge B, Zhang J, Liu Y, Nan Y. Biodegradation of N,N-dimethylacetamide by Rhodococcus sp. strain B83 isolated from the rhizosphere of pagoda tree. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 53:88-98. [PMID: 28372764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation characteristic and potential metabolic pathway for removal of environmental N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) by Rhodococcus sp. strain B83 was studied. Rhodococcus sp. strain B83 was isolated from the rhizosphere of a pagoda tree and proved capable of utilizing DMAC as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Batch culture studies showed that strain B83 could tolerate up to 25g/L DMAC and showed distinct growth on possible catabolic intermediates except for acetate. The nitrogen balance analysis revealed that approximately 71% of the initial nitrogen was converted to organic nitrogen. DMAC degradation has led to accumulation of acetate and organic nitrogen, meanwhile traces of nitrate and ammonia was build-up but without nitrite. The growth of strain B83 could be inhibited by adding exogenous acetate. By means of the assay of enzymatic degradation of DMAC, several catabolic intermediates at different intervals were observed and identified. Based on the results obtained from culture solution and enzymatic degradation assay, a detailed pathway is proposed for DMAC biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdu Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Bizhou Ge
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yucan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yaping Nan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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12
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Ghayor C, Gjoksi B, Dong J, Siegenthaler B, Caflisch A, Weber FE. N,N Dimethylacetamide a drug excipient that acts as bromodomain ligand for osteoporosis treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42108. [PMID: 28176838 PMCID: PMC5296751 DOI: 10.1038/srep42108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA) is a water-miscible solvent, FDA approved as excipient and therefore widely used as drug-delivery vehicle. As such, DMA should be devoid of any bioactivity. Here we report that DMA is epigenetically active since it binds bromodomains and inhibits osteoclastogenesis and inflammation. Moreover, DMA enhances bone regeneration in vivo. Therefore, our in vivo and in vitro data reveal DMA's potential as an anti-osteoporotic agent via the inhibition of osteoclast mediated bone resorption and enhanced bone regeneration. Our results highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of DMA and the need for reconsideration of previous reports where DMA was used as an 'inactive' drug-delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bebeka Gjoksi
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Siegenthaler
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology &Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine/MKG, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland.,CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Moon SY, Lim MK, Hong S, Jeon Y, Han M, Song SH, Lim KS, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Lee JW, Kang HJ, Song J. Quantification of human plasma-busulfan concentration by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Ann Lab Med 2013; 34:7-14. [PMID: 24422189 PMCID: PMC3885779 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2014.34.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Busulfan, an alkylating agent administered prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, has a narrow therapeutic range and wide variability in metabolism. We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for rapid and accurate quantification of plasma busulfan. Methods Busulfan was separated and detected using an LC system containing a C18 column equipped with MS/MS. The sample was eluted with a mobile phase gradient for a total run time of 10 min. Plasma busulfan concentration was quantified against a 6-point standard curve in a multiple reaction monitoring mode at mass-to-charge (m/z) 264.1 > 151.1. Precision, recovery, matrix effect, linearity, detection capability, carryover, and stability were evaluated. The range of plasma busulfan concentration was obtained by analyzing samples from 9 children receiving busulfan. Results The coefficients of variation of within-run and within-laboratory precision were all below 5%. Recoveries were all within the range of 100-105%. Linearity was verified from 0 to 5,000 ng/mL. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were 1.56 and 25 ng/mL, respectively. Carryover rate was within allowable limits. Plasma busulfan concentration was stable for 2 weeks at -20℃ and -80℃, but decreased by 25% when the plasma was stored for 24 hr at room temperature, and by <5% in 24 hr at 4℃. The plasma busulfan concentrations were between 347 ng/mL and 5,076 ng/mL. Conclusions Our method using LC-MS/MS enables highly accurate, reproducible, and rapid busulfan monitoring with minimal sample preparation. The method may also enable safe and proper dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyoo Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susie Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongbum Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minje Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Lim
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Population pharmacokinetics of dimethylacetamide in children during standard and once-daily IV busulfan administration. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 72:1149-55. [PMID: 24036908 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) is administered to children during high-dose chemotherapy as a solubilizer with the intravenous formulation of busulfan (Busilvex®). DMA has shown liver toxicity in rats. However, little is known regarding its pharmacokinetics (PK) in humans. The aim of this analysis was to compare the PK of DMA after a once-daily dose of Busilvex® with the standard scheme consisting of 3-4 administrations per day in children. METHODS Out of 42 children, aged 0.1-18.9 years, receiving Busilvex®, 18 children received the first dose as a loading dose, giving a double dose of 1.4-2.0 mg/kg over a 4 h infusion followed by 15 doses of 0.7-1.0 mg/kg as 2 h infusions every 6 h. The other 24 children received Busilvex® as 3 h infusions once-daily for 4 consecutive days with a targeted busulfan AUC of 4,263 μM*min. Using NONMEM™ plasma, concentration-time data were analyzed. Assuming an increase in clearance overtime as found in our previous investigation, separate time factors for the two different dosing schedules included in the dataset were tested. RESULTS A one-compartment model with clearance increasing over time described the DMA kinetics sufficiently. Peak plasma concentrations of DMA, up to 3.09 mmoL/L (median 0.75 mmoL/L) for the current licensed dose regimen and up to 8.77 mmoL/L (median 3 mmoL/L) for the once-daily application, were observed. The examined increase in clearance was found to be 58 mL/h/kg and 6.1 mL/h/kg per day for the current licensed and the once-daily dose regimen, respectively. CONCLUSION N,N-dimethylacetamide as solvent of lipophilic drugs such as busulfan has a linear PK in children of all ages using a dose split into one or four administrations per day. The rapid clearance with different dosing in patients of different body weights indicates that it is safe to use DMA in children in both a once and four times daily regimen.
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Kennedy GL. Toxicology of dimethyl and monomethyl derivatives of acetamide and formamide: a second update. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012; 42:793-826. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.725028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hempel G, Oechtering D, Lanvers-Kaminsky C, Klingebiel T, Vormoor J, Gruhn B, Boos J. Cytotoxicity of Dimethylacetamide and Pharmacokinetics in Children Receiving Intravenous Busulfan. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:1772-8. [PMID: 17470868 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.08.8807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo assess the cytotoxicity and the exposure of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) in children during high-dose therapy with an intravenous (IV) formulation of busulfan containing the potentially hepatotoxic and neurotoxic DMA as a solvent.Patients and MethodsEighteen children aged 0.9 to 17.3 years (median age, 4.0 years) received IV busulfan in 15 doses of 0.7 to 1.0 mg/kg busulfan containing overall DMA amounts of between 5 mmol (437 mg) and 70.5 mmol (6,142 mg) per dose. Plasma concentrations of DMA and busulfan were quantified and analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Four different leukemic cell lines were incubated with DMA, and cytotoxicity was assessed in comparison with busulfan as well as in a combination reflecting the ratio in the formulation.ResultsMaximal plasma concentrations of DMA up to 3.09 mmol/L were observed. No accumulation of the solvent occurred. Instead, the trough levels decreased over the 4 treatment days. The population pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a clearance of 86.9 mL h−1kg−1± 27% that increased to 298 mL h−1kg−1on the fourth day and a volume of distribution of 469 mL kg ± 22% (population mean ± interindividual variability). DMA volume of distribution correlated with the volume of distribution of busulfan. The cytotoxicity of DMA in vitro was 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of busulfan. No synergism was observed.ConclusionThe lack of accumulation of DMA confirms that there is no safety concern related to the DMA content in this IV busulfan formulation. The contribution of DMA to the antileukemic effect of the formulation seems to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hempel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder und Jugendmedizin, Pädiatrische Hämatologie/Onkologie, Münster, Germany.
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:407-418. [PMID: 17326037 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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