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Chenkual L, Lalchandani DS, Chaturvedi S, Mariyappan M, Porwal P. Development and validation of sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography‐photodiode array method for determination of three sulfonated esters and
N
‐methyl‐
O
‐phenyldiamine dihydrochloride as potential genotoxic impurities in Amlodipine and Telmisartan fixed‐dose combination. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laltanpuii Chenkual
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research‐Guwahati (NIPER‐G) Changsari India
| | - Dimple S. Lalchandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research‐Guwahati (NIPER‐G) Changsari India
| | - Sachin Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research‐Guwahati (NIPER‐G) Changsari India
| | - Mahindran Mariyappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research‐Guwahati (NIPER‐G) Changsari India
| | - Pawan Porwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research‐Guwahati (NIPER‐G) Changsari India
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2
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Significance of stressor media on the stability of statins: a critical assessment. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Gong Z, Wang G, Shao S, Wang M, Lu K, Gao S. Co-degradation of coexisting pollutants methylparaben (mediators) and amlodipine in enzyme-mediator systems: Insight into the mediating mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127112. [PMID: 34523479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Catalyzed oxidative reactions mediated by enzymes have been proposed as an effective remediation strategy to remove micropollutants. However, enzyme-catalyzed oxidation processes are usually limited to the substrates of phenols and amine compounds. The addition of synthetic redox mediators could extend the types of enzyme-catalyzed substrates. However, the actual applications were hindered by the high cost and potential toxicity of mediators. Here, we discovered a potential HRP-mediator system by exploring the removal of co-existing pollutants amlodipine (AML) and methylparaben (MeP). It was found that MeP served as a redox mediator could efficiently mediate the removal of AML by HRP/H2O2 system. Surface electrostatic potential analysis of AML molecule suggested that MeP radicals (MePOX) could abstract hydrogen from the N-H site on dihydropyridine moiety of AML and then be reduced to MeP. By exploring the mediating effects of substances with MeP-like structure, Hirshfeld charge was used to evaluate the mediating efficiency of mediators. For mediating the degradation of AML, when the Hirshfeld charge of mediator radical was around - 0.3000, the mediating efficiency was the highest. This study improved the HRP-mediated system and provided an efficient and green method for the degradation of co-existing pollutants AML and MeP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Gaobo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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4
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Hajihosseinloo A, Banitalebi Dehkordi A, Vojoudi H, Ghasemi JB, Rofouei MK, Badiei A. N-doped carbon hollow spheres for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and amlodipine by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Chew YL, Khor MA, Lim YY. Choices of chromatographic methods as stability indicating assays for pharmaceutical products: A review. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06553. [PMID: 33855234 PMCID: PMC8027279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stability indicating assay describes a technique which is used to analyse the stability of drug substance or active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical products. Stability indicating assay must be properly validated as per ICH guidelines. The important components in a stability indicating assay include sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, reliability, reproducibility and robustness. A validated assay is able to measure the concentration changes of drug substance/API with time and make reliable estimation of the quantity of the degradation impurities. The drug substance is separated and resolved from the impurities. Pros and cons of HPLC, GC, HPTLC, CE and SFC were discussed and reviewed. Stability indicating assay may consist of the combination of chromatographic separation and spectroscopic detection techniques. Hyphenated system could demonstrate parallel quantitative and qualitative analysis of drug substances and impurities. Examples are HPLC-DAD, HPLC-FL, GC-MS, LC-MS and LC-NMR. The analytes in the samples are separated in the chromatography while the impurities are chemically characterised by the spectroscopy in the system. In this review, various chromatographic methods which had been employed as stability indicating assays for drug substance and pharmaceutical formulation were systematically reviewed, and the application of hyphenated techniques in impurities characterisation and identification were also discussed with supporting literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mei-Ann Khor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yau-Yan Lim
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Analytical Quality by Design Approach of Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Atorvastatin: Method Development, Optimization, Validation, and the Stability-Indicated Method. Int J Anal Chem 2021; 2021:8833900. [PMID: 33628253 PMCID: PMC7896856 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8833900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach in the optimization of the high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method is a novel tool. Three factors and three levels of Box–Behnken statistical design (BBD) were used for method optimization and analysis of atorvastatin. The mobile phase (acetonitrile: water), flow rate (Rt), and UV wavelength were used as independent variables. Their effects were observed in the area of the chromatogram (AU), retention time (Rt, min), and tailing factor (%). The optimized HPLC condition was found as acetonitrile:water (50 : 50), flow rate (0.68 ml/min), and UV wave length (235 nm). It gives the retention time of 2.43 min with the linearity range of 5–30 μg/ml with a high regression value (r2 = 0.999). The method was found to be precise and accurate with low % RSD (<5%). The refrigeration stability indicated that atorvastatin was stable. The force degradation study showed that the atorvastatin was fully unstable in UV light and stable in 0.1 M basic condition. It concluded that this QbD optimized method is suitable for quantification of the atorvastatin from the formulation as well as pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Tavousi A, Ahmadi E, Mohammadi-Behzad L, Riahifar V, Maghemi F. Sensitive electrochemical sensor using polypyrrole-coated Fe3O4 core-shell nanoparticles/multiwall carbon nanotubes modified graphite electrode for atorvastatin analysis. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Rochani AK, Wheatley M, Oeffinger BE, Eisenbrey JR, Kaushal G. LC-MS based stability-indicating method for studying the degradation of lonidamine under physical and chemical stress conditions. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 15:312-322. [PMID: 33312209 PMCID: PMC7714013 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.293509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Lonidamine is a hexokinase II inhibitor, works as an anticancer molecule, and is extensively explored in clinical trials. Limited information prevails about the stability-indicating methods which could determine the forced degradation of lonidamine under stressed conditions. Hence, we report the use of a rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and highly accurate liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry method to analyze lonidamine degradation. Experimental approach: The Xbridge BEH shield reverse phase C18 column (2.5 μm, 4.6 × 75 mm) using isocratic 50:50 water: acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid can detect lonidamine with help of mass spectrometer in tandem with an ultraviolet (UV) detector at 260 nm wavelength. Findings/ Results: A linear curve with r2 > 0.99 was obtained for tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-UV based detections. This study demonstrated (in the present set up of isocratic elution) that LC-MS based detection has a relatively high sensitivity (S/N (10 ng/mL): 220 and S/N (20 ng/mL): 945) and accuracy at lower detection and quantitation levels, respectively. In addition to developing the LC-MS method, we also report that the current method is stability-indicating and shows that lonidamine gets degraded over time under all three stress conditions; acidic, basic, and oxidative. Conclusion and implications: LC-MS based quantitation of lonidamine proved to be a better method compared to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV detections for mapping lonidamine degradation. This is the first report on the stability-indicating method for studying the forced degradation of lonidamine using LC-MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kanaiyalal Rochani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Margaret Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Brian Edward Oeffinger
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Gagan Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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Kokilambigai KS, Kavitha J, Seetharaman R, Lakshmi KS, Sai Susmitha A. Analytical and Bioanalytical Techniques for the Quantification of the Calcium Channel Blocker - Amlodipine: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:754-786. [PMID: 32506944 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1772036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is elevated to an extent where benefit is obtained from blood pressure lowering. The risk of complications is proportional to the level that blood pressure raises. Calcium channel blockers are a class of compounds used in the treatment of hypertension. The dihydropyridine (DHP) group, a subclass of the calcium channel blocker works almost exclusively on L-type calcium channels in the peripheral arterioles and reduce blood pressure by reducing total peripheral resistant. Long acting DHP is preferred because they are more convenient for patients and avoid the large fluctuations in plasma drug concentration which are associated with side effects. Amlodipine is the most distinct DHP and the most popular. The drug was patented in the year 1986 and its commercial sale began by 1990. The current article provides a state of art about the analytical and bioanalytical techniques available for the quantification of drug as a single entity and in combined pharmaceutical formulations between 1989 and 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kokilambigai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Kavitha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Seetharaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K S Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Sai Susmitha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Logoyda L, Kovalenko S, Gaafar M, Abdel-Megied AM, Elbarbry FA. A validated LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of amlodipine, bisoprolol, enalapril and enalaprilat—Application to pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Gülfen M, Canbaz Y, Özdemir A. Simultaneous Determination of Amoxicillin, Lansoprazole, and Levofloxacin in Pharmaceuticals by HPLC with UV–Vis Detector. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-020-00121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Multistage release matrices for potential antiplatelet therapy: Assessing the impact of polymers and Sorb-Cel M® on floating, swelling, and release behavior. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Kafeenah HIS, Osman R, Bakar NKA. Effect of Mobile Phase pH on the Electrospray Ionization Efficiency and Qualitative Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in ESI + LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 57:847-854. [PMID: 31512731 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of mobile phase pH on positive ionization process and retention time of nine pharmaceuticals on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was discussed. The effective use of high and low mobile phase pH in LC-MS/MS qualitative analyses method was also evaluated by comparing the instrument detection limit, quantification limit, precision, linearity and signal to noise (S/N) under low and high mobile phase pH. In this work, six mobile phase pH that ranged between pH 2 and pH 10 were used to evaluate the effect of the mobile phase pH changes on the ionization process in electrospray ionization. Results revealed that high mobile phase pH ionized more pharmaceuticals molecules and gave a higher signal than low mobile phase pH in positive ionization mode. The results proved that ammonium ion was better as a proton donor in high pH mobile phase than the hydronium ion in acidic mobile phase. The results revealed that the qualitative LC-MS/MS analyses method by using high mobile phase pH has better performance for most analytes in terms of sensitivity, precision, linearity and S/N than the low mobile phase pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam I S Kafeenah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Osman
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N K A Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Krauß J, Klimt M, Luber M, Mayer P, Bracher F. Characterization of two new degradation products of atorvastatin calcium formed upon treatment with strong acids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2085-2091. [PMID: 31579096 PMCID: PMC6753681 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin calcium (Lipitor®, Sortis®) is a well-established cholesterol synthesis enzyme (CSE) inhibitor commonly used in the therapy of hypercholesterolemia. This drug is known to be sensitive to acid treatment, but only little data has been published on the structures of the degradation products. Here we report the identification of two novel degradation products of atorvastatin, which are formed only under drastic acidic conditions. While treatment with conc. sulfuric acid led to a loss of the carboxanilide residue (accompanied by an expectable lactonization/dehydration process in the side chain), treatment with conc. aqueous hydrochloric acid gave a complex, bridged molecule under C–C-bond formation of the lactone moiety with the pyrrole, migration of the isopropyl group and loss of the carboxanilide residue. The novel degradation products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, HRMS data and X-ray crystal structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Krauß
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Klimt
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Luber
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Azam Sadat Montazeri, Mohammadi A, Adib N, Naeemy A. Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Acarbose in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818090071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Rezk MR, Badr KA. Quantification of amlodipine and atorvastatin in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS method and its application to a bioequivalence study. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4224. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh R. Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Kamal A. Badr
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Deraya University; Egypt
- Advanced Research Center; Cairo Egypt
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18
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Sangeetha D, Vadlamudi MK. Stability-indicating method for the determination of assay and quantification of impurities in amlodipine–atorvastatin combination dosage form by RP-HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1334215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Sangeetha
- School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Vadlamudi
- School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Analytical Research and Development, Ashland (India) Private Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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19
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Kokilambigai KS, Seetharaman R, Lakshmi KS. Critical Review on the Analytical Techniques for the Determination of the Oldest Statin—Atorvastatin—in Bulk, Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1342529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Kokilambigai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Seetharaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. S. Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Abstract
Analytical methods should be selective and fast. In modern times, scientists strive to meet the criteria of green chemistry, so they choose analytical procedures that are as short as possible and use the least toxic solvents. It is quite obvious that the products intended for human consumption should be characterized as completely as possible. The safety of a drug is dependent mainly on the impurities that it contains. High pressure liquid chromatography and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography have been proposed as the main techniques for forced degradation and impurity profiling. The aim of this article was to characterize the relevant classification of drug impurities and to review the methods of impurities determination for atorvastatin (ATV) and duloxetine (DLX) (both in active pharmaceutical ingredients and in different dosage forms). These drugs have an impact on two systems of the human body: cardiac and nervous. Simple characteristics of ATV and DLX, their properties and specificity of action on the human body, are also included in this review. The analyzed pharmaceuticals-ATV (brand name Lipiron) and DLX (brand name Cymbalta)-were selected for this study based on annual rankings prepared by Information Medical Statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kątny
- a Department of Water and Soil Analysis , Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Poznań , Poland
| | - M Frankowski
- a Department of Water and Soil Analysis , Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Poznań , Poland
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21
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Hassan SA, Elzanfaly ES, El-Zeany SBA, Salem MY. Development and validation of HPLC and CE methods for simultaneous determination of amlodipine and atorvastatin in the presence of their acidic degradation products in tablets. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2016; 66:479-490. [PMID: 27749253 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two methods were developed for separation and quantitation of amlodipine (AML) and atorvastatin (ATV) in the presence of their acidic degradation products. The first method was a simple isocratic RP-HPLC method while the second was capillary electrophoresis (CE). Degradation products were obtained by acidic hydrolysis of the two drugs and their structures were elucidated for the first time by IR and MS spectra. Degradation products did not interfere with the determination of either drug and the assays were therefore stability-indicating. The linearity of the proposed methods was established over the ranges 1-50 μg mL-1 for AML and ATV in the HPLC method and in the range of 3-50 and 4-50 μg mL-1 for AML and ATV, respectively, in the CE method. The proposed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The methods were successfully applied to estimation of AML and ATV in combined tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A. Hassan
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Elzanfaly
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salem Badr A. El-Zeany
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maissa Y. Salem
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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Pourmoslemi S, Mirfakhraee S, Yaripour S, Mohammadi A. Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Rapid Determination of Doxycycline in Pharmaceutical Bulk and Dosage Forms. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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23
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Gómez DA, Coello J, Maspoch S. Raman spectroscopy for the analytical quality control of low-dose break-scored tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 124:207-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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A new method to identify hydrolytic degradants in drug substances with UPLC-MS using 18O-labelled water. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 122:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Danafar H, Hamidi M. Method validation of amlodipine and atorvastatin by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method in human plasma. COGENT MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2015.1129790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Danafar
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
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Silva AA, Silva LAJ, Munoz RAA, Oliveira AC, Richter EM. Determination of Amlodipine and Atenolol by Batch Injection Analysis with Amperometric Detection on Boron-doped Diamond Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Almir A. Silva
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brazil
| | - Luiz A. J. Silva
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. A. Munoz
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brazil
| | - Aline C. Oliveira
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Av. Fernando Correa, 2367 Cuiabá, MT Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Richter
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brazil
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27
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Darwish HW, Hassan SA, Salem MY, El-Zeany BA. Advanced stability indicating chemometric methods for quantitation of amlodipine and atorvastatin in their quinary mixture with acidic degradation products. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 154:58-66. [PMID: 26513228 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two advanced, accurate and precise chemometric methods are developed for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine besylate (AML) and atorvastatin calcium (ATV) in the presence of their acidic degradation products in tablet dosage forms. The first method was Partial Least Squares (PLS-1) and the second was Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). PLS was compared to ANN models with and without variable selection procedure (genetic algorithm (GA)). For proper analysis, a 5-factor 5-level experimental design was established resulting in 25 mixtures containing different ratios of the interfering species. Fifteen mixtures were used as calibration set and the other ten mixtures were used as validation set to validate the prediction ability of the suggested models. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical tablets containing AML and ATV. The methods indicated the ability of the mentioned models to solve the highly overlapped spectra of the quinary mixture, yet using inexpensive and easy to handle instruments like the UV-VIS spectrophotometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany W Darwish
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said A Hassan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maissa Y Salem
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Badr A El-Zeany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Chen XX, Lin WL, Yeung WF, Song TH, Lao LX, Zhang YB, Meng W. Quality and safety control of tumor-shrinking decoction (TSD): A Chinese herbal preparation for the treatment of uterine fibroids. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:126-133. [PMID: 26601793 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reproducible efficacy assessments of Chinese herbal medicines are largely based on well-established quality control procedures. This study presents a comprehensive quality control procedure for tumor-shrinking decoction (TSD), a 15-herb preparation under study as a potential therapy for uterine fibroids. Morphological, microscopic, and physicochemical authentications were first carried out on individual herbal medicines composing TSD. Contaminant tests on TSD for the presence of heavy metals and pesticide residues were performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, batch-to-batch quality monitoring of the decoction was investigated via ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An aqueous extract of the herbal medicines was prepared and formulated into TSD. The tested contaminants were within the maximum permitted levels of the Hong Kong government in proprietary Chinese medicines. UPLC and HPLC fingerprints for quality tracking on TSD were established. The decoction was quantitatively standardized by UPLC and HPLC, respectively, with five and three chemical compounds serving as references. Collectively, the procedure established in this study will not only serve as a fundamental basis for the investigation and development of TSD as a novel therapy for uterine fibroids, but also as a protocol for studying other polycomponent herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Ling Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Fai Yeung
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tian-He Song
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Xing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yan-Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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29
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Abdollahi E, Abdouss M, Mohammadi A. Synthesis of a nano molecularly imprinted polymeric sorbent for solid phase extraction and determination of phenytoin in plasma, urine, and wastewater by HPLC. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00421k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work a nano polymeric sorbent for phenytoin was synthesized by non-covalent molecularly imprinted polymerization approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Abdollahi
- Department of Chemistry
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran 15875-4413
- Iran
- Department of Drug and Food Control
| | - M. Abdouss
- Department of Chemistry
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran 15875-4413
- Iran
| | - A. Mohammadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran 14155-6451
- Iran
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30
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Danafar H, Hamidi M. Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Study of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin in Healthy Male Volunteers by LC-MS. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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31
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Tumpa AR, Rakić TM, Jovanović MM, Jančić-Stojanović BS. Optimization of Chromatographic Separation of Acetylsalicylic Acid, Amlodipine, Impurity A of Amlodipine, and Atenolol in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Employing DoE Methodology. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1077863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja R. Tumpa
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana M. Rakić
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko M. Jovanović
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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32
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Bkhaitan MM, Mirza AZ. Stability-indicating HPLC-DAD Method for Simultaneous Determination of Atorvastatin, Irbesartan, and Amlodipine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Preparations. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majdi M. Bkhaitan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah KSA
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33
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Yaripour S, Rashid SN, Alibakhshi H, Mohammadi A. Development and validation of a stability-indicating reversed phase HPLC method for the quality control of Zolpidem in bulk and tablet dosage forms. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Aydoǧmuş Z. Simultaneous determination of aliskiren, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in spiked human plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Hryniewicka M, Starczewska B. The usage of micellar extraction for analysis of fluvastatin in water and wastewater samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 106:129-35. [PMID: 25488128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work illustrates the development of new procedures for the isolation and preconcentration of fluvastatin (FLU) from aqueous solutions. Micellar extraction (ME) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) has been successfully applied for this purpose. It was found that the analyte created micelle with anionic sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and/or with the binary mixture of surfactants nonionic triton X114 (TX114) and cationic tetra-n-butyloammonium bromide (TBAB). The optimal analytical conditions for the proposed extraction procedures (solution pH, concentration of surfactants, centrifugation time and electrolyte type) were ascertained. The calibration curves were recorded. The linearity ranges for FLU, isolated by SDS and the mixture of TX114/TBAB, were 0.21-28.79 μg mL(-1) and 0.21-16.45 μg mL(-1) with limit of detection (LOD) 0.19 μg mL(-1) and 0.14 μg mL(-1), respectively. The recoveries afforded by the proposed methods were high, approximately 97%. These preconcentration procedures were applied for the isolation of the statin from water and wastewater samples taken from the local rivers and wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hryniewicka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Barbara Starczewska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Białystok, Poland
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36
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Taheri S, Jalali F, Fattahi N, Bahrami G. Sensitive determination of atorvastatin in human plasma by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and solidification of floating organic drop followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:309-15. [PMID: 25382401 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel and sensitive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of the floating organic drop combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection was used for the determination of atorvastatine in blood serum samples. The chromatographic separation of atorvastatin was carried out using methanol as the mobile phase organic modifier. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized, such as the kind and volume of extraction solvent (1-undecanol) and disperser solvent (acetonitrile), pH, and the extraction time. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.2-6000 μg/L of atorvastatin (r(2) = 0.995) with a limit of detection of 0.07 μg/L. The relative standard deviation for 100 μg/L of atorvastatin in human plasma was 8.4% (n = 4). The recoveries of plasma samples spiked with atorvastatin were in the range of 98.8-113.8%. The obtained results showed that the proposed method is fast, simple, and reliable for the determination of very low concentrations of atorvastatin in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Taheri
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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37
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Mukthinuthalapati MA, Bukkapatnam V, Bandaru SPK. Stability indicating liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe in pharmaceutical formulations. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:405-11. [PMID: 25436199 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A simple stability indicating reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe in pharmaceutical formulations. METHODS Best chromatographic response was achieved with C18 column (250 X 4.6 mm, 5µm) with photo diode array (PDA) detector. The mobile phase was composed of a mixture of sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) and acetonitrile (30:70, %v/v) with a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. (UV detection at 254 nm). Rosuvastatin and ezetimibe were subjected to stress conditions of degradation and the method was validated as per ICH guidelines. RESULTS The method shows linearity over a concentration range of 0.5-250 µg/ml for both rosuvastatin (r2 = 0.9993) and ezetimibe (r2 = 0.9996). Both the drugs are highly sensitive towards alkaline conditions in comparison to other stress conditions. CONCLUSION The proposed method can be successfully applied to perform long-term and accelerated stability studies for the simultaneous determination of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkatesh Bukkapatnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Assurance, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam-530045, India
| | - Sai Pavan Kumar Bandaru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Assurance, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam-530045, India
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38
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Ashfaq M, Akhtar T, Mustafa G, Danish M, Razzaq SN, Nazar MF. Simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin and amlodipine in pharmaceutical formulations using stability indicating HPLC method. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A viable cost-effective and isocratic approach employing C-18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) based HPLC has been utilized to separate and estimate the drugs, rosuvastatin, amlodipine and their stress induced degradation products, simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulations. Focused on ICH guideline parameters, the efficient separation of both drugs and their degradation products was achieved by optimizing a 30:70 (v/v) solvent mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5) as mobile phase. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.5 mL/min and all the detections were carried out at 240 nm using UV detector. The method was linear in the concentration range of 1-200 µg/mL for rosuvastatin with 0.996 coefficient of determination value. For amlodipine, linearity was in the range of 0.5-100 µg/ml with 0.994 coefficient of determination value. Both the drugs along with their degradation products were separated in less than twenty minutes. The results of within-day and between-day precision were varied from 0.72 to 1.81% for rosuvastatin and 0.83 to 1.88% for amlodipine. The results show that this ICH validated method can be employed successfully for the routine as well as stability quantification of both the active ingredients simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulations.
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39
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Tiwari RN, Shah N, Bhalani V, Mahajan A. LC, MS n and LC-MS/MS studies for the characterization of degradation products of amlodipine. J Pharm Anal 2014; 5:33-42. [PMID: 29403913 PMCID: PMC5761482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, comprehensive stress testing of amlodipine (AM) was carried out according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q1A(R2) guideline. AM was subjected to acidic, neutral and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal stress conditions. The drug showed instability in acidic and alkaline conditions, while it remained stable to neutral, oxidative, light and thermal stress. A total of nine degradation products (DPs) were formed from AM, which could be separated by the developed gradient LC method on a C18 column. The products formed under various stress conditions were investigated by LC–MS/MS analysis. The previously developed LC method was suitably modified for LC–MS/MS studies by replacing phosphate buffer with ammonium acetate buffer of the same concentration (pH 5.0). A complete fragmentation pathway of the drug was first established to characterize all the degradation products using LC–MS/MS and multi-stage mass (MSn) fragmentation studies. The obtained mass values were used to study elemental compositions, and the total information helped with the identification of DPs, along with its degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi N Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM׳s NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Near Bank of Tapi River, Agra-Mumbai Road, Babulde, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nishit Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM׳s NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Near Bank of Tapi River, Agra-Mumbai Road, Babulde, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Bhalani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM׳s NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Near Bank of Tapi River, Agra-Mumbai Road, Babulde, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anand Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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40
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Mannemala SS, Nagarajan JSK. Development and validation of a HPLC-PDA bioanalytical method for the simultaneous estimation of Aliskiren and Amlodipine in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:346-52. [PMID: 24931898 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple, unique and selective HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of aliskiren (ALS) and amlodipine (AML) in human plasma. Extraction of the sample was accomplished by protein precipitation. Plasma proteins were precipitated by employing acetonitrile containing hydrochlorothiazide as internal standard. The compounds were analyzed by HPLC by using PDA detector on a Hibar C18 (250 × 4.6 mm) column with a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 4.2 and 25 mm; 60:40 v/v) with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Different sample pretreatment techniques were evaluated but protein precipitation was found to be satisfactory, offering good recovery values of 97.11-98.45% for ALS and 97.5-99.12% for AML. The within-day precisions for ALS were 96.66, 99.16 and 99.41% at 90, 240 and 480 ng/mL, respectively, and for AML they were 97.27, 99.54 and 99.31% at 3.3, 8.8 and 17.6 ng/mL, respectively. The between-day precisions for ALS were 96.66, 99.16 and 99.41% at 90, 240 and 480 ng/mL, respectively and the between-day precisions for AML were 98.18, 99.20 and 99.40% at 3.3, 8.8 and 17.6 ng/mL, respectively. The limit of quantitation was 30 and 1.0 ng/mL for ALS and AML respectively. Different constituents of plasma proteins did not interfere with the absolute recovery of ALS and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sandeep Mannemala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS University, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, India
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41
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Varghese SJ, Ravi TK. QUANTITATIVE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF FENOFIBRATE, ATORVASTATIN, AND EZETIMIBE IN TABLETS USING GRADIENT HIGH-PERFORMANCE COLUMN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.873870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susheel John Varghese
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Thengungal Kochupappy Ravi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India
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42
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Moon HW, Yousaf AM, Cho KH, Yong CS, Kim JO, Choi HG. Evaluation of stability and simultaneous determination of fimasartan and amlodipine by a HPLC method in combination tablets. Asian J Pharm Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Development and validation of an rp-hplc method for simultaneous determination of Ramipril and Amlodipine in tablets. J Pharm Anal 2013; 3:440-446. [PMID: 29403852 PMCID: PMC5761019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An rp-hplc method for the simultaneous determination of Ramipril (RP) and Amlodipine (AL) in tablets was developed and validated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 0.01–0.25 mg/mL (r2=0.9998) for RP and 0.014–0.36 mg/mL (r2=0.9997) for AL. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.06 μg/mL and 0.02 μg/mL for RP and AL, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.2 μg/mL and 0.07 μg/mL, respectively. Some major impurities and degradation products did not disturb the detection of RP and AL and the assay can thus be considered stability-indicating.
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44
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Saber AL. A PVC Membrane Sensor for Potentiometric Determination of Atorvastatin in Biological Samples and Pharmaceutical Preparations. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Vishnuvardhan C, Radhakrishnanand P, Navalgund SG, Atcha KR, Satheeshkumar N. RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Eight Cardiovascular Drugs. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Darwish HW, Hassan SA, Salem MY, El-Zeany BA. Three different methods for determination of binary mixture of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin using dual wavelength spectrophotometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 104:70-76. [PMID: 23266678 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Three simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods depending on the proper selection of two wavelengths are developed for the simultaneous determination of Amlodipine besylate (AML) and Atorvastatin calcium (ATV) in tablet dosage forms. The first method is the new Ratio Difference method, the second method is the Bivariate method and the third one is the Absorbance Ratio method. The calibration curve is linear over the concentration range of 4-40 and 8-32 μg/mL for AML and ATV, respectively. These methods are tested by analyzing synthetic mixtures of the above drugs and they are applied to commercial pharmaceutical preparation of the subjected drugs. Methods are validated according to the ICH guidelines and accuracy, precision, repeatability and robustness are found to be within the acceptable limit. The mathematical explanation of the procedures is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany W Darwish
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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47
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Vukkum P, Moses Babu J, Muralikrishna R. Stress Degradation Behavior of Atorvastatin Calcium and Development of a Suitable Stability-Indicating LC Method for the Determination of Atorvastatin, its Related Impurities, and its Degradation Products. Sci Pharm 2012; 81:93-114. [PMID: 23641331 PMCID: PMC3617653 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1208-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid, reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the quantitative determination of Atorvastatin calcium, its related substances (12 impurities), and degradation impurities in bulk drugs. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax Bonus-RP column by employing a gradient elution with water–acetonitrile–trifluoroacetic acid as the mobile phase in a shorter run time of 25 min. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detection wavelength was 245 nm. The drug substance was subjected to stress studies such as hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal degradation, and considerable degradation was observed in acidic hydrolysis, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic stress conditions. The formed degradation products were reported and were well-resolved from the Atorvastatin and its related substances. The stressed samples were quantified against a qualified reference standard and the mass balance was found to be close to 99.5% (w/w) when the response of the degradant was considered to be equal to the analyte (i.e. Atorvastatin), which demonstrates the stability-indicating capability of the method. The method was validated in agreement with ICH requirements. The method developed here was single and shorter (25 min method for the determination of all 12 related impurities of Atorvastatin and its degradation products), with clearly better resolution and higher sensitivity than the European (85 min method for the determination of six impurities) and United States pharmacopeia (115 min and 55 min, two different methods for the determination of six related substances).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Vukkum
- Analytical Research, Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram road, Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049 (AP), India. ; Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India
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48
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Choi H, Lee H, Lee MK, Lee J. Polymer-Directed Crystallization of Atorvastatin. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:2941-51. [PMID: 22628192 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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Zhao J, Wu HL, Niu JF, Yu YJ, Yu LL, Kang C, Li Q, Zhang XH, Yu RQ. Chemometric resolution of coeluting peaks of eleven antihypertensives from multiple classes in high performance liquid chromatography: a comprehensive research in human serum, health product and Chinese patent medicine samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 902:96-107. [PMID: 22795572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemometric-assisted high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was presented for the simultaneous determination of eleven antihypertensives from multiple classes in most concerned matrix systems. With the aid of second-order calibration which enables specific information of analytes to be well extracted, the heavily overlapping profiles between analytes and the coeluting interferences can be successfully separated and thus accurately quantified. A great advantage of the novel strategy lies in the fact that the analysis could be carried out with the same isocratic mobile phase (methanol/KH(2)PO(4): 58:42, v/v, pH 2.60) in a short time regardless of the changes of matrices, such as human serum, health product and Chinese patent medicine. Both qualitative and quantitative results indicate that the hybrid strategy that using HPLC-DAD coupled with second-order chemometric method would be a high performance approach for the purpose of simultaneously quantifying multiple classes of antihypertensives in complex systems. Additionally, the analytical strategy can potentially benefit drug monitoring in both therapeutic research and pharmaceutical quality control. Moreover, the accuracy and reliability of the proposed methodology has been evaluated using several statistical parameters such as root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP), figures of merit (FOM) and reproducibility of inter-day analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
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Heidari H, Razmi H, Jouyban A. HPLC DETERMINATION OF AMLODIPINE IN BIOLOGICAL FLIUIDS USING HOLLOW FIBER BASED LIQUID-LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.615088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Heidari
- a Analytical Research Lab., Faculty of Sciences , Azarbaijan University of Tarbiat Moallem , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Habib Razmi
- a Analytical Research Lab., Faculty of Sciences , Azarbaijan University of Tarbiat Moallem , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- b Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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