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Vakili H, Talebpour Z, Haghighi F. Development, validation, and uncertainty measurement of HPLC-DAD method for determination of some free amino acids in infant formula and medical food products for inborn errors of metabolism. Food Chem 2022; 390:133204. [PMID: 35609503 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This research aims at determining some free amino acids in amino acid-based infant formulas and amino acid-modified medical foods for inborn errors of metabolism to prove their quality. A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection was developed and validated. Then, overall uncertainty was estimated by the bottom-up approach. Applying the weighted least squares regression method suggested good linearity with coefficient of determinations ≥ 0.9960. The limits of detection were calculated between 0.01 and 0.28 μg/mL. The most repetitive recovery values were obtained in the range of 91-108%, with RSDs ≤ 15%. The expanded uncertainties were below 20% for most amino acids. The contributions of linear regression and repeatability are two main factors in estimating overall uncertainty. The results offer this method as a simple and easy procedure for analyzing free amino acids in seven powdered medical foods designed for phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, methylmalonic, and propionic acidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Vakili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Talebpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Analytical and Bioanalytical Research Centre, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farideh Haghighi
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Research Centre, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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El-Said WA, Qaisi RM, Placide V, Choi JW. A stable naked-eye colorimetric sensor for monitoring release of extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter from SH-SY5Y cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120517. [PMID: 34739892 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel optical γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-based sensor was developed on interacting thiol compounds and o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) to form thiacetal compounds. Then, the thiacetal interacts with the GABA molecule to form an isoindole compound. The effects of four thiol compounds on the stability of the resulting isoindole compound were assessed. The 2-mercaptoethanol, "one of the most used derivatizing agents," is unexpectedly the least stable; while, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid resulted in the most durable isoindole compound. The developed sensor showed the capability for detecting GABA within a wide concentration range spanning from 500 nmol L-1 to 100 µmol L-1. The detection limit was about 330 nmol L-1, which indicated the high sensitivity of the developed sensor compared with those previously reported. The findings illustrated the ability to detect GABA at the physiological pH (pH = 7.4) without adjusting the pH value, opening the door for real applications. Furthermore, the sensor could detect various GABA concentrations in human serum with good recovery percentages (98% to 101.4%). In addition, this assay was applied to monitor GABA release from the SH-SY5Y cell line to convert glutamate into GABA. This result indicates the capability of the proposed assay for visually monitoring the release of GABA neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed A El-Said
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Ramy M Qaisi
- University of Jeddah, College of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Virginie Placide
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
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El-Said WA, Alshitari W, Choi JW. Controlled fabrication of gold nanobipyramids/polypyrrole for shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to detect γ-aminobutyric acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:117890. [PMID: 31839573 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SHINERS) has been a non-destructive, highly sensitive, specific and powerful sensing method. Detection of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, main neurotransmitters in the human brain, is important to diagnosis the neurological disorder. The purpose of this study is preparing a simple, rapid and inexpensive fabrication of Au nanobipyramids/polymer core/shell as a SHINERS-based biosensor to detect different neurotransmitters such as GABA and glutamate with high sensitivity and specificity. Au nanobipyramids/polymer core/shell was fabricated by using two steps process. In the first Au nanobipyramids with longitude and latitude axial of about 100 nm and 10 nm, respectively, was prepared based on the chemical reduction of Au ions by using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. Then a thin layer of polypyrrole was used for decorating the Au nanobipyramids by using direct polymerization in the presence of Au nanobipyramids. The sensor composed Au nanobipyramids with a thin layer of polypyrrole that could measure GABA within a wide range of concentrations in the presence of human serum. And this sensor was used for direct monitoring of GABA and glutamate. The proposed biosensor can be applied to monitor the level of neurotransmitters accurately for the diagnosis of various neurological disorders with optical signal enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ahmed El-Said
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, P.O. 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alshitari
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, P.O. 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
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Determination of amino acids content in tea species using liquid chromatography via pre-column fluorescence derivatization. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Enhanced Separation Capability of Sequential Injection Chromatography for Fluorimetric Determination of Intracellular Dissolved Free Amino Acids in Marine Microalgae. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31347130 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9639-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
This chapter describes improvements in a sequential injection method to automate the fluorimetric determination of amino acids by pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde in presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Separation is achieved by reversed-phase liquid chromatography in a 50 × 4.6 mm C18 silica-based monolithic column. The method is low-priced, and the separation is performed by stepwise gradient elution using six mobile phases. The mobile phase used for the first elution step is composed of methanol/tetrahydrofuran/10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at volumetric ratio 8:1:91. Additional elution steps use mobile phases containing methanol and 10 mM phosphate buffer at volumetric ratios of 17.5:82.5, 25:75, 35:65, 50:50, and 65:35. Nineteen chromatographic peaks are observed in a mixture of twenty amino acids. The only complete co-elution is between tryptophan and methionine. The entire cycle of amino acid derivatization, chromatographic separation, and column conditioning at the end of separation lasts for 30 min. The method is successfully applied to quantify the major intracellular dissolved free amino acids in the marine microalgae Tetraselmis gracilis, Phaeodactium tricornutum, and Synechococcus elongatus.
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A sensitive and practical RP-HPLC-FLD for determination of the low neuroactive amino acid levels in body fluids and its application in depression. Neurosci Lett 2016; 616:32-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Chen R, Deng Y, Yao J, Kamal GM, Wang J, Xu F. Assessment of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in Rat Brain Microdialysis Samples by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Coulometric Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Kamal
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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Perucho J, Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Bazan E, Casarejos MJ, Jiménez-Escrig A, Asensio MJ, Herranz AS. Optimal excitation and emission wavelengths to analyze amino acids and optimize neurotransmitters quantification using precolumn OPA-derivatization by HPLC. Amino Acids 2015; 47:963-73. [PMID: 25691143 PMCID: PMC4412611 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe an analytical methodology to obtain high sensitivity and better resolution through the study of fluorometric excitation (λex) and emission (λem) spectrum wavelengths of OPA-amino acids. The spectrum emission study revealed a maximum signal peak at 450 nm for aspartate and glutamine. For glycine, taurine, and GABA, the maximum signal peak was at 448 and for glutamate at 452 nm. The remaining amino acids analyzed showed a maximum emission around 450 nm. The best signal obtained within the spectrum excitation experiments was using 229- to 450-nm λex-λem. The drawbacks observed at these wavelengths were a baseline drift and negative peaks occurrence. Thus, the excitation wavelength of 240 nm was chosen (240- to 450-nm λex-λem) as a compromise between a very good signal response and a baseline stability to resolve the 18 amino acids studied. Furthermore, this protocol was properly validated. On the other hand, the elution gradient program used for neuroactive amino acids (aspartate, glutamate, glycine, taurine and GABA) showed separation to the baseline, in a 15-min run in all of them. Other amino acids, up to 18, also exhibited a very good separation in a 25-min run. In conclusion, we propose the use of 240- to 450-nm λex-λem wavelengths, in OPA-amino acids analysis, as the most suitable protocol to obtain the best signal response, maintaining an optimum chromatographic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Perucho
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar, km 9,1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar, km 9,1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Bazan
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar, km 9,1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. J. Casarejos
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar, km 9,1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Jiménez-Escrig
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar, km 9,1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. J. Asensio
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar, km 9,1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. S. Herranz
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar, km 9,1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Cifuentes Castro VH, López Valenzuela CL, Salazar Sánchez JC, Peña KP, López Pérez SJ, Ibarra JO, Villagrán AM. An update of the classical and novel methods used for measuring fast neurotransmitters during normal and brain altered function. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:490-508. [PMID: 25977677 PMCID: PMC4428024 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666141223223657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand better the cerebral functions, several methods have been developed to study the brain activity, they could be related with morphological, electrophysiological, molecular and neurochemical techniques. Monitoring neurotransmitter concentration is a key role to know better how the brain works during normal or pathological conditions, as well as for studying the changes in neurotransmitter concentration with the use of several drugs that could affect or reestablish the normal brain activity. Immediate response of the brain to environmental conditions is related with the release of the fast acting neurotransmission by glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine (ACh) through the opening of ligand-operated ion channels. Neurotransmitter release is mainly determined by the classical microdialysis technique, this is generally coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Detection of neurotransmitters can be done by fluorescence, optical density, electrochemistry or other detection systems more sophisticated. Although the microdialysis method is the golden technique to monitor the brain neurotransmitters, it has a poor temporal resolution. Recently, with the use of biosensor the drawback of temporal resolution has been improved considerably, however other inconveniences have merged, such as stability, reproducibility and the lack of reliable biosensors mainly for GABA. The aim of this review is to show the important advances in the different ways to measure neurotransmitter concentrations; both with the use of classic techniques as well as with the novel methods and alternant approaches to improve the temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Morales Villagrán
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Nextipac, Zapopan,
Jalisco, México, Zip code: 45110, Mexico
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10
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Birbeck JA, Mathews TA. Simultaneous Detection of Monoamine and Purine Molecules Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7398-404. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4013144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnna A. Birbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit,
Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Tiffany A. Mathews
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit,
Michigan 48202, United States
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11
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Lorenzo MP, Villaseñor A, Ramamoorthy A, Garcia A. Optimization and validation of a capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence method for amino acids determination in human plasma: application to bipolar disorder study. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1701-9. [PMID: 23512402 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of amino acids in biofluids offers relevant information in diagnosis of diseases, evaluation of nutritional state, and in elucidating metabolic influences on physiology. A simple, rapid, and robust procedure in terms of sample treatment, separation, and quantitation based on CE-LIF has been optimized for use in human plasma samples. Time required for derivatization was 15 min and analysis time was 35 min. 4-Fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) was the labeling agent used for obtaining fluorescent derivatives. Electrophoretic conditions were: 175 mM borate buffer at pH 10.25 prepared with 12.5 mM β-cyclodextrin. The voltage applied was +21 kV. Fourteen amino acids could be quantified: L-proline, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-ornithine, D-ornithine, L-glutamine, L-alanine, L-threonine, glycine, L-serine, D-serine, taurine and L-glutamate. With this chiral CE-LIF method, L- and D-amino acids are adequately separated. The method was validated for a representative group of amino acids in human plasma: L-proline, L-isoleucine, L-ornithine, L-glutamine, L-alanine L-threonine, glycine, L-serine, D-serine, and glutamate. The method has been successfully applied to human plasma from patients with bipolar disorder, all of whom were taking lithium as a mood stabilizer. Eleven amino acids were quantified in plasma from nine patients, aged 24-55 years. The results were in accordance to published values for the bipolar patients. The method is useful particularly in studies where plasma amino acid levels can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases, evaluating the disease progression, and monitoring response to drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Paz Lorenzo
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Bioanalytical LC separation techniques for quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:495-512. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma has become an important and essential analysis parameter in different areas of life sciences. Free amino acid concentrations in human plasma samples are generally determined by means of GC or LC after chemical derivatization followed by UV, fluorescent or MS detection of the amino acid derivatives. Derivatization of free amino acids is done either pre- or post-column, and the amino acid derivatives obtained posess improved chromatographic behavior, increased detection sensitivity and selectivity compared with non-derivatized free amino acids. This work gives an overview of different chemical derivatization methods applied and their liquid separation techniques in bioanalytical assays for quantitative free amino acid analysis in human plasma samples. Important plasma preparation procedures, pre- and post-column derivatization, and different LC separation techniques are presented.
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Optimization and validation of a CE-LIF method for amino acid determination in biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 73:116-24. [PMID: 22482900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Khayoon WS, Saad B, Lee TP, Salleh B. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in chilli, peanut and rice using silica based monolithic column. Food Chem 2012; 133:489-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
This chapter describes a sequential injection chromatography method to automate the fluorimetric determination of amino acids after precolumn derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde in presence of 2-mercaptoethanol using reverse-phase liquid chromatography in C(18) silica-based monolithic column. The method is low-priced and based on six steps of isocratic elutions. At a flow rate of 30 μl/s, a 25 mm long-column coupled to 5-mm guard column is capable to separate aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), asparagine (Asn), serine (Ser), glycine (Gly), threonine (Thr), citrulline (Ctr), arginine (Arg), alanine (Ala), tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), ornithine (Orn), and lysine (Lys). Under these conditions, histidine (His) and glutamine (Gln), methionine (Met) and valine (Val), and isoleucine (Ile) and leucine (Leu) coelute. The entire cycle of amino acids derivatization, chromatographic separation, and column conditioning at the end of separation lasts 16 min. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the major intracellular free amino acids in the marine green alga Tetraselmis gracilis.
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Zhang ZX, Gao PF, Guo XF, Wang H, Zhang HS. 1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-8-(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl butyric ester)difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene as a new fluorescent labeling reagent for HPLC determination of amino acid neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex of mice. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1905-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Khayoon WS, Saad B, Salleh B, Ismail NA, Manaf NHA, Latiff AA. A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 in food and feed using monolithic column and positive confirmation by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 679:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Xu K, Bu Z, Huang K, Zhao J, Wang C. Enantioselective Fluorescent Sensors for N-Boc-Protected Amino Acid Anions Based on BINOL. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Perry M, Li Q, Kennedy RT. Review of recent advances in analytical techniques for the determination of neurotransmitters. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 653:1-22. [PMID: 19800472 PMCID: PMC2759352 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methods and advances for monitoring neurotransmitters in vivo or for tissue analysis of neurotransmitters over the last five years are reviewed. The review is organized primarily by neurotransmitter type. Transmitter and related compounds may be monitored by either in vivo sampling coupled to analytical methods or implanted sensors. Sampling is primarily performed using microdialysis, but low-flow push-pull perfusion may offer advantages of spatial resolution while minimizing the tissue disruption associated with higher flow rates. Analytical techniques coupled to these sampling methods include liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, enzyme assays, sensors, and mass spectrometry. Methods for the detection of amino acid, monoamine, neuropeptide, acetylcholine, nucleoside, and soluble gas neurotransmitters have been developed and improved upon. Advances in the speed and sensitivity of these methods have enabled improvements in temporal resolution and increased the number of compounds detectable. Similar advances have enabled improved detection at tissue samples, with a substantial emphasis on single cell and other small samples. Sensors provide excellent temporal and spatial resolution for in vivo monitoring. Advances in application to catecholamines, indoleamines, and amino acids have been prominent. Improvements in stability, sensitivity, and selectivity of the sensors have been of paramount interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Perry
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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He X, Cui X, Li M, Lin L, Liu X, Feng X. Highly enantioselective fluorescent sensor for chiral recognition of amino acid derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A high performance liquid chromatography method with electrochemical detection of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and glutamine in rat brain homogenates. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 183:176-81. [PMID: 19596377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) in animal models has been important to understand the normal function and clinical aspects of some neurological diseases. Quantification of these amino acid transmitters has conventionally been performed by using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. This paper describes an improved HPLC method with electrochemical detection for glutamate, glutamine and GABA determination in brain homogenates. The protocol is based on a precolumn derivatization of amino acids with o-phthalaldehyde and sodium sulfite, a separation through a C18, 5 microm particle size column and an isocratic elution. Several modifications of previous works on methanol percentage, pH, temperature, flow rate and derivatization solution concentration were done to obtain a suitable protocol for amino acid quantification in brain homogenate samples. Total elution time is 35 min approximately. Technical requirements and laboratory expenses of this new protocol are minimal. This technique showed high linearity, repeatability and accuracy.
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Pires Penteado JC, Rigobello-Masini M, Wanderlei Liria C, Machini Miranda MT, Masini JC. Fluorimetric determination of intra- and extracellular free amino acids in the microalgae Tetraselmis gracilis
(Prasinophyceae) using monolithic column in reversed phase mode. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2827-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for GABA and glutamate determination in regions of the rodent brain. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 177:289-93. [PMID: 19007814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A C18 reversed-phase column and isocratic fluorescence HPLC method for the simultaneous detection of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is described. In this article a fast and more efficient method for the extraction of these neurotransmitters in rat brain tissue is also presented. The supernatant was derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Intraday reproducibility was 97.0% and 96.7% and interday reproducibility was 97.1% and 93.7% for GABA and glutamate, respectively. Recovery assays indicate that the accuracy of the method for GABA is 99.6+/-2.3% and for glutamate is 101.9+/-1.8%. In addition, the time consumed to run a sample is lower than that described by other authors. Mean elution time was 3.10 min and 8.22 min for glutamate and GABA, respectively. Thus, in a total runtime of less than 9 min both neurotransmitters were detected. Moreover, when compared to the current methods, the extraction solution used here allowed a high drawing out of the neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, from the hippocampus, thalamus and prefrontal cortex of the rat brain.
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