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Luo L, Chen H, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Guo W, Yang Z, Li M. The effect of oral pregabalin on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:391-398. [PMID: 38719760 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of three different doses of oral pregabalin on minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (MACISO) in cats. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded, crossover trial. ANIMALS A group of eight healthy adult cats aged 24-48 months. METHODS Cats were randomly assigned to three oral doses of pregabalin (low dose: 2.5 mg kg-1, medium dose: 5 mg kg-1, high dose: 10 mg kg-1) or placebo 2 hours before MACISO determination, with the multiple treatments administered with a minimum 7 day washout period. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen until endotracheal intubation was achieved, and maintained with isoflurane with volume-controlled ventilation. MACISO was determined in triplicate using the bracketing technique and tail clamp method 120 minutes after pregabalin or placebo administration. Physiologic variables (including heart rate and blood pressure) recorded during MACISO determination were averaged and compared between the pregabalin and placebo treatments. One-way analysis of variance and the Friedman test were used to assess the difference for normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively. The Tukey test was used as a post hoc analysis. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS The MACISO with the medium- and high-dose pregabalin treatments were 1.33 ± 0.21% and 1.23 ± 0.17%, respectively. These were significantly lower than MACISO after placebo treatment (1.62 ± 0.13%; p = 0.014, p < 0.001, respectively), representing a decrease of 18 ± 9% and 24 ± 6%. The mean plasma pregabalin concentration was negatively correlated with MACISO values. Physiologic variables did not differ significantly between treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Doses of 5 or 10 mg kg-1 pregabalin, administered orally 2 hours before determining MACISO, had a significant isoflurane-sparing effect in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Luo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hangbin Chen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjie Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weibin Guo
- Ainuo Baisi Animal Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Tony RM, El Hamd MA, Gamal M, Saleh SF, Maslamani N, Alsaggaf WT, El-Zeiny MB. Green Bio-Analytical Study of Gabapentin in Human Plasma Coupled with Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Assessment Using UPLC-MS/MS. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gabapentin (GAB) is a cyclohexane acetic acid, structurally related to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and considered the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrophotometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for assessing pregabalin (PRE) in human plasma, was developed and validated, via PRE usage as an internal standard. The plasma underwent protein precipitation using methanol, prior to analysis. Chromatographic separation was completed using a mobile phase of methanol: 0.1% formic acid solution, (65:35, v/v), at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, with an isocratic approach, on an Agilent Eclipse plus column (50 × 2.1 mm and 1.8 μm), in 1.6 min of running time. An Agilent triple quadrupole was used for mass analysis, to detect the ion transitions for GAB and PER, respectively, at m/z of 172.1 → 154.1 and 160.10 → 142.10. The calibration curve, over the linear range of 0.050–10.0 μg/mL, showed a high correlation coefficient, r = 0.9993. The limits of detection and quantitation were 13.37 ng/mL and 40.52 ng/mL, respectively, based on the standard deviation and slope equation. The results for intra- and inter-day measurement accuracy and precision were in acceptable ranges. The method was extended into the assessment of oral administrations of GAB at different doses, of one 600 mg/tablet and two capsules (each one of them has 300 mg of GAB), to volunteers who were used in pharmacokinetics and bioequivalent studies. The AGREE assessment tool was used to visualize the proposed method’s greenness degree, which revealed a high AGREE rating score, supporting the accepted method’s greenness profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Moussa Tony
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11571, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., Beni-Suef 62574, Egypt
| | - Safaa F. Saleh
- Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Nujud Maslamani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan T. Alsaggaf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed B. El-Zeiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11571, Egypt
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3
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Brito BE, García MA, De Gouveia YM, Bolaños P, Devis S, Bernal G, Tortorici-Brito VA, Baute L, Díaz-Serrano G, Tortorici V. Concomitant Antihyperalgesic and Antitumor Effects of Gabapentin in a Murine Cancer Pain Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189671. [PMID: 34575835 PMCID: PMC8471802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer pain may be the consequence of physical nerve compression by a growing tumor. We employed a murine model to study whether gabapentin was able to regulate tumor growth, in addition to controlling hyperalgesic symptoms. A fluorescent melanoma cell line (B16-BL6/Zs green) was inoculated into the proximity of the sciatic nerve in male C57BL/6 mice. The tumor gradually compressed the nerve, causing hypersensitivity. Tumor growth was characterized via in vivo imaging techniques. Every other day, gabapentin (100 mg/Kg) or saline was IP administered to each animal. In the therapeutic protocol, gabapentin was administered once the tumor had induced increased nociception. In the preventive protocol, gabapentin was administered before the appearance of the positive signs. Additionally, in vitro experiments were performed to determine gabapentin's effects on cell-line proliferation, the secretion of the chemokine CCL2, and calcium influx. In the therapeutically treated animals, baseline responses to noxious stimuli were recovered, and tumors were significantly reduced. Similarly, gabapentin reduced tumor growth during the preventive treatment, but a relapse was noticed when the administration stopped. Gabapentin also inhibited cell proliferation, the secretion of CCL2, and calcium influx. These results suggest that gabapentin might represent a multivalent strategy to control cancer-associated events in painful tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Elena Brito
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - María Alejandra García
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Yetsenia María De Gouveia
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Pura Bolaños
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela;
| | - Sindy Devis
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (S.D.); (G.D.-S.)
| | - Geraldinee Bernal
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Víctor Alejandro Tortorici-Brito
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Leslie Baute
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (B.E.B.); (M.A.G.); (Y.M.D.G.); (G.B.); (V.A.T.-B.); (L.B.)
| | - Gabriel Díaz-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (S.D.); (G.D.-S.)
| | - Víctor Tortorici
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (S.D.); (G.D.-S.)
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Ciencias del Comportamiento, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Metropolitana (UNIMET), Caracas 1073, Venezuela
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +58-(212)-240-3788
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4
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Mohammadian E, Rahimpour E, Foroumadi A, Alizadeh-Sani M, Hasanvand Z, Jouyban A. Derivatization of γ-Amino Butyric Acid Analogues for Their Determination in the Biological Samples and Pharmaceutical Preparations: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1727-1754. [PMID: 34096806 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1916733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in regulating neuronal excitability. Four structurally related drugs to GABA including pregabalin (PGB), gabapentin (GBP), vigabatrin (VGB), and baclofen are used for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. These drugs are small aliphatic molecules having neither fluorescent nor strong absorbance in the ultraviolet/visible region; therefore, direct determination of these analytes by optical methods is difficult. Additionally, their high boiling point makes gas chromatography impossible. Accordingly, the amine or acid moiety in these drugs is derivatized in order to improve their selectivity and sensitivity during determination in the biological samples. This review focuses on derivatization based methods and their different reactions for determination of PGB, GBP, VGB, and baclofen in the biological samples and pharmaceutical preparations reported between 1980 and 2020. High-performance liquid chromatography methods coupled with different detectors are a commonly used methods for determination of GABA analogs after derivatization. These methods cover 38.89% of all developed methods for determination of GABA analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mohammadian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh-Sani
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaman Hasanvand
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Opuni KFM, Boadu JA, Amponsah SK, Okai CA. High performance liquid chromatography: A versatile tool for assaying antiepileptic drugs in biological matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122750. [PMID: 34237479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a recurrent long-term illness occurring in approximately 1.0% of the world's population. There are currently about 29 approved antiepileptic drugs for the management of epilepsy. Due to narrow therapeutic indices of most antiepileptic drugs, clinical pharmacokinetic characteristics and therapeutic drug monitoring of these drugs are imperative. The objectives of this review were to identify common chromatographic principles, requirements and/or conditions for high-performance liquid chromatography as applied to assay of antiepileptic drugs in biological matrices. The review was conducted using 66 peer reviewed articles (1990 to 2020) from 29 journals that were sought via PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. In all, 29 antiepileptic drugs were assayed from 6 different biological matrices. Forty-three of the reviewed articles estimated the concentration of only one antiepileptic drug, whilst 23 articles focused on simultaneous determination of two or more antiepileptic drugs. Thirty-four, 20, and 14 articles reported using liquid-liquid extraction, protein precipitation, or solid phase extraction for sample clean up, respectively. The ratio of reversed-phase to normal phase, LC-UV to LC-MS and isocratic elution to gradient elution were 61:3, 43:7 and 55:11, respectively. With the exception of one article the reported recoveries ranged from 60.3% to 109.6%. It is noteworthy, that, the performance metrics of high-performance liquid chromatography are better compared to other assays of antiepileptic drugs in biological matrices. This review describes the relevant liquid chromatographic method conditions over the past 30 years for the analysis of this class of drugs, which provides a basis for further method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwabena F M Opuni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Ghana.
| | - Joseph A Boadu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Seth K Amponsah
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Charles A Okai
- Department of Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumasi Technical University, Ghana
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6
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Bargel S, Becam J, Chanu L, Lanot T, Martin M, Vaucel J, Willeman T, Fabresse N. Les gabapentinoïdes : une revue de la littérature. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Valadbeigi Y, Ilbeigi V, Mamozai W, Soleimani M. Rapid and simple determination of gabapentin in urine by ion mobility spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 197:113980. [PMID: 33636645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gabapentin is a pharmacological agent used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. In this work, a fast method is proposed for determination of gabapentin in urine by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) without any extraction and derivatization. ZnCl2 was used as an effective protein precipitating reagent to remove the urine proteins. It was found that urea content of urine interferes with detection of gabapentin by IMS. By applying a delay on the carrier gas flow after injection of the sample, we could solve the urea interference to achieve gabapentin signal recovery of ∼70% in urine relative to that in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Valadbeigi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Ilbeigi
- TOF Tech. Pars Company, Isfahan Science & Technology Town, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Wafiullah Mamozai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Majid Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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8
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US FDA-validated green GC-MS method for analysis of gabapentin, tramadol and/or amitriptyline mixtures in biological fluids. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1521-1533. [PMID: 33118848 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mixtures of gabapentin, tramadol and/or amitriptyline are usually recommended for treatment of neuropathic pain. Materials & methods/results: A novel GC-MS/MS method was developed to assess the studied mixture whether in pure forms or human biological fluids (plasma/urine). The chromatographic detection was performed using MS detector applying the selected ion-monitoring mode. An (Agilent, CA, USA) GC-MS with triple axis single quadrupole detector unit was used for the analysis equipped with HP-5MS (5% phenyl methyl siloxane) column. Helium was the carrier gas and positive electron impact ionization mode was applied. Conclusion: The developed method was able to assess the mixture components simultaneously within six minutes. Validation of the method was assured according to US FDA guidelines and Eco-Scale assessment.
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Eser B, Özkan Y, Sepici Dinçel A. Determination of Tryptophan and Kynurenine by LC-MS/MS by Using Amlodipine as an Internal Standard. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:379-385. [PMID: 32031396 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that plays an important role in cell metabolism, and kynurenine is its main metabolic pathway. By using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry, tryptophan and kynurenine were determined using amlodipine as an internal standard. The analysis was carried out on an ACE-C18 (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 5 μm) reversed-phase analytical column using the gradient elution mode. For quantitative determination, amlodipine was used as an internal standard. Detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring in electrospray ionization mode at m/z 205.1 → 117.7 and 187.9 for tryptophan, m/z 209.1 → 146 and 93.9 for kynurenine, and m/z 409.2 → 294.1 for the internal standard. Good linearity of the analyte to internal standard peak area ratios was seen in the concentration range 1.25-4000 ng/mL for tryptophan and 0.5-1600 ng/mL for kynurenine. The method showed excellent linearity with regression coefficients of 0.99 for kynurenine and 0.996 for tryptophan. The limits of quantification were 0.55 ng/mL for tryptophan and 0.47 ng/mL for kynurenine. The % RSD for all analytes ranged from 0.3 to 3.4% for intraday and 0.4 to 8.9% for interday experiments. A simple LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for measuring Kyn and Trp by using an affordable and more easily available internal standard, which is amlodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Eser
- Research and Development Center , University of Health Sciences , Ankara 06011 , Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Gazi University , Ankara 06011 , Turkey
| | - Yeşim Özkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gazi University , Ankara 06011 , Turkey
| | - Aylin Sepici Dinçel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Gazi University , Ankara 06011 , Turkey
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Giri TK, Chakrabarty S, Ghosh B. Non-Invasive Extraction of Gabapentin for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Reverse Iontophoresis: Effect of pH, Ionic Strength, and Polyethylene Glycol 400 in the Receiving Medium. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180910115059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Monitoring of plasma concentrations is a necessity for narrow therapeutic index
potent drugs. Development of non-invasive methods can save the patients from the trauma of needles
and hence is considered as a research priority.
Introduction:
Gabapentin, an anti-epileptic drug requires therapeutic monitoring because of its narrow
therapeutic index. The objective of the study was to develop a suitable method for the non-invasive
extraction of gabapentin for the same.
Methods:
Transdermal reverse iontophoresis was performed using pig ear skin as a barrier membrane.
Three compartment iontophoretic cells were used for the extraction study. Extractions were carried out
under low intensity electric field (current intensity- 0.5 mA/cm2, electrical field approximately 5 V).
The donor compartment was charged with aqueous gabapentin (10 µg/ml in phosphate buffer of pH
7.4). For studying the effect of receiving vehicle (pH, ionic strength, and enhancer) on the extraction
efficiency of gabapentin, the two receiver chambers were charged with media having varying concentration
of these factors. Drug content was determined by HPLC.
Results:
Compared to other pHs, cumulative extraction of gabapentin at pH 5 was significantly higher
at both anode and cathode (p<0.001). At low ionic strength, extraction of gabapentin increased linearly
with the increase in concentration of ions up to a certain value but at very high ionic strength the pattern
reversed. Similar results were obtained with enhancer (polyethylene glycol 400). Extraction increased
with increase in polyethylene glycol 400 up to 3% and then decreased.
Conclusion:
Extraction flux can be optimized by manipulation of the receiver media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Giri
- NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Chakrabarty
- NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Bijaya Ghosh
- NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
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Yamamoto PA, Benzi JRL, Azeredo FJ, Dach F, Ianhez Júnior E, Zanelli CF, de Moraes NV. Pharmacogenetics-based population pharmacokinetic analysis of gabapentin in patients with chronic pain: Effect of OCT2 and OCTN1 gene polymorphisms. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 124:266-272. [PMID: 30192429 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gabapentin (GAB) is eliminated unchanged in urine, and organic cation transporters (OCT2 and OCTN1) have been shown to play a role in GAB renal excretion. This prospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms effect on GAB pharmacokinetic (PK) variability using a population pharmacokinetic approach. Data were collected from 53 patients with chronic pain receiving multiple doses of GAB. Patients were genotyped for SLC22A2 c.808G>T and SLC22A4 c.1507C>T polymorphisms. Both polymorphisms' distribution followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. An one-compartment model with first-order absorption and linear elimination best described the data. The absorption rate constant, volume of distribution, and clearance estimated were 0.44 h-1 , 86 L, and 17.3 × (estimated glomerular filtration ratio/89.58)1.04 L/h, respectively. The genetic polymorphism SLC22A4 c.1507C>T did not have a significant influence on GAB absorption, distribution or elimination. Due to the low minor allelic frequency of SLC22A2 c.808G>T, further studies require higher number of participants to confirm its effect on GAB renal elimination. In conclusion, GAB clinical pharmacokinetics are strongly influenced by renal function and absorption process, but not by the OCTN1 (SLC22A4 c.1507C>T) polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila A Yamamoto
- Department of Natural Products and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jhohann R L Benzi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola Dach
- Department of Neurosciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Cleslei F Zanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Natália V de Moraes
- Department of Natural Products and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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12
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Benzi JRDL, Yamamoto PA, Stevens JH, Baviera AM, de Moraes NV. The role of organic cation transporter 2 inhibitor cimetidine, experimental diabetes mellitus and metformin on gabapentin pharmacokinetics in rats. Life Sci 2018; 200:63-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yamaguchi K, Kumakura S, Someya A, Iseki M, Inada E, Nagaoka I. Anti-inflammatory actions of gabapentin and pregabalin on the substance P-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in U373 MG human glioblastoma astrocytoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6109-6115. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Ragham PK, Chandrasekhar KB. Development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPL C-CAD method for gabapentin and its related impurities in presence of degradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Lin X, Cai Y, Yan J, Zhang L, Wu D, Li H. Determination of Gabapentin in Human Plasma and Urine by Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:986-92. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Martinc B, Roškar R, Grabnar I, Vovk T. Simultaneous determination of gabapentin, pregabalin, vigabatrin, and topiramate in plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 962:82-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Gouda AA, Malah ZA. Development and validation of sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of two antiepileptics in pharmaceutical formulations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 105:488-496. [PMID: 23352920 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive and validated spectrophotometric methods for the determination of two antiepileptics (gabapentin (GAB) and pregabalin (PRG)) in pure forms and in pharmaceutical formulations was developed. The method is based on the formation of charge transfer complex between drug and the chromogenic reagents quinalizarin (Quinz) and alizarin red S (ARS) producing charge transfer complexes in methanolic medium which showed an absorption maximum at 571 and 528 nm for GAB and 572 and 538 nm for PRG using Quinz and ARS, respectively. The optimization of the reaction conditions such as the type of solvent, reagent concentration and reaction time were investigated. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 0.4-8.0 and 0.5-10 μg mL(-1) for GAB and PRG using Quinz and ARS, respectively. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, detection and quantification limits are also calculated. The correlation coefficients were ≥0.9992 with a relative standard deviation (RSD%) of ≤1.76. The methods are successfully applied to the determination of GAB and PRG in pharmaceutical formulations and the validity assesses by applying the standard addition technique, which compared with those obtained using the reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Gouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Determination of gabapentin in human plasma using simultaneous cloud point extraction and precolumn derivatization by HPLC. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Aguado D, Abreu M, Benito J, Garcia-Fernandez J, Gómez de Segura IA. The effects of gabapentin on acute opioid tolerance to remifentanil under sevoflurane anesthesia in rats. Anesth Analg 2012; 115:40-5. [PMID: 22523419 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182542727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolerance to remifentanil during sevoflurane anesthesia may blunt the ability of this drug to reduce anesthetic requirements. Gabapentin has been shown to be effective in reducing postoperative narcotic usage, a reduction that may be associated with a reduction in opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. We sought to determine whether gabapentin might prevent the observed acute opioid tolerance (AOT) produced by remifentanil in sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). METHODS Wistar rats were anesthetized with sevoflurane and the effects of gabapentin alone on sevoflurane MAC were determined at doses of 150 and 300 mg · kg(-1). In a second experiment, gabapentin 300 mg · kg(-1) was administered before remifentanil (120 and 240 μg · kg(-1) · h(-1)). The MAC was determined before gabapentin administration and 3 more times at 1.5-hour intervals after drug administration to assess AOT. MAC was determined from intratracheal gas samples using a sidestream gas analyzer; tail clamping was used as a supramaximal stimulus. Statistical analysis was performed with the 1-way analysis of variance test. RESULTS Remifentanil reduced MAC (2.5 ± 0.2%) by 16% ± 5% and 36% ± 6% (120 and 240 μg · kg(-1) · h(-1), respectively, P < 0.01) with a further reduction produced by coadministration with gabapentin 300 mg · kg(-1) to 39% ± 12% and 62% ± 14%, respectively (P < 0.01 versus remifentanil alone). Gabapentin given alone at 150 and 300 mg · kg(-1) reduced MAC by 26% (both doses, P < 0.01). AOT was observed with remifentanil and characterized by a lower degree of MAC reduction, approximately 1.5 hours later (P < 0.05). However, when remifentanil was administered with gabapentin, the AOT to remifentanil was not observed (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Gabapentin reduced the sevoflurane MAC and enhanced the MAC reduction produced by remifentanil. This enhancement may limit AOT in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Aguado
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Yari A, Papi F, Farhadi S. Voltammetric Determination of Trace Antiepileptic Gabapentin with a Silver-Nanoparticle Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Walash MI, El-Enany NM, Saad S. Spectrophotometric determination of certain CNS stimulants in dosage forms and spiked human urine via derivatization with 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene. Chem Cent J 2011; 5:65. [PMID: 22032335 PMCID: PMC3239311 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-5-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of phenylpropanolamine HCl (PPA), ephedrine HCl (EPH) and pseudoephedrine HCl (PSE) in pharmaceutical preparations and spiked human urine. The method involved heat-catalyzed derivatization of the three drugs with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) producing a yellow colored product peaking at 370 nm for PPA and 380 nm for EPH and PSE, respectively. The absorbance concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of 2-20 for PPA and 1-14 μg/mL for both of EPH and PSE, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) values were 0.20, 0.13 and 0.20 μg/mL for PPA, EPH and PSE, respectively and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values of 0.60 and 0.40 and 0.59 μg/mL for PPA, EPH and PSE, respectively. The analytical performance of the method was fully validated and the results were satisfactory. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the three studied drugs in their commercial dosage forms including tablets, capsules and ampoules with good percentage recoveries. The proposed method was further applied for the determination of PSE in spiked human urine with a mean percentage recovery of 108.17 ± 1.60 for (n = 3). Statistical comparison of the results obtained with those of the comparison methods showed good agreement and proved that there was no significant difference in the accuracy and precision between the two methods. The mechanism of the reaction pathway was postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Walash
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Liquid-phase and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction techniques with derivatization: Recent applications in bioanalysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kang J, Park YS, Kim SH, Kim SH, Jun MY. Modern methods for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in the biological fluids for pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:67-81. [PMID: 21660146 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic disease occurring in approximately 1.0% of the world's population. About 30% of the epileptic patients treated with availably antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) continue to have seizures and are considered therapy-resistant or refractory patients. The ultimate goal for the use of AEDs is complete cessation of seizures without side effects. Because of a narrow therapeutic index of AEDs, a complete understanding of its clinical pharmacokinetics is essential for understanding of the pharmacodynamics of these drugs. These drug concentrations in biological fluids serve as surrogate markers and can be used to guide or target drug dosing. Because early studies demonstrated clinical and/or electroencephalographic correlations with serum concentrations of several AEDs, It has been almost 50 years since clinicians started using plasma concentrations of AEDs to optimize pharmacotherapy in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, validated analytical method for concentrations of AEDs in biological fluids is a necessity in order to explore pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and TDM in various clinical situations. There are hundreds of published articles on the analysis of specific AEDs by a wide variety of analytical methods in biological samples have appears over the past decade. This review intends to provide an updated, concise overview on the modern method development for monitoring AEDs for pharmacokinetic studies, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juseop Kang
- Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Lab, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Ulu ST, Kel E. Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric Method of Analysis for Gabapentin in Pure and Pharmaceutical Preparations. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yagi T, Naito T, Mino Y, Takashina Y, Umemura K, Kawakami J. Rapid and validated fluorometric HPLC method for determination of gabapentin in human plasma and urine for clinical application. J Clin Pharm Ther 2011; 37:89-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Achrai B, Libster D, Aserin A, Garti N. Solubilization of Gabapentin into HII Mesophases. J Phys Chem B 2010; 115:825-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108801d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Achrai
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dima Libster
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Abraham Aserin
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nissim Garti
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Lü Y, Zhang H, Meng X, Wang L, Guo X. A Validated HPLC Method for the Determination of GABA by Pre-Column Derivatization with 2,4-Dinitrofluorodinitrobenzene and Its Application to Plant GAD Activity Study. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003763558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Cao LW, Hu Y, Meng JX, Li C. SENSITIVE DETERMINATION OF GABAPENTIN IN HUMAN URINE BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH UV–VIS AND FLUORESCENT DETECTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.489018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Cao
- a Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hu
- a Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xin Meng
- a Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- a Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Simultaneous HPLC-F analysis of three recent antiepileptic drugs in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:62-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ebrahimzadeh H, Yamini Y, Firozjaei HA, Kamarei F, Tavassoli N, Rouini MR. Hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of gabapentin in biological samples. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 665:221-6. [PMID: 20417334 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three-phase hollow fiber microextraction technique combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet (HPLC-UV) was applied for the extraction and determination of gabapentin in biological fluids. Gabapentin (GBP) was derivatized with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, as a UV absorbent agent in borate buffer (pH 8.2) before extraction. The derivative product of GBP was extracted from the 8.5 mL of acidic solution (source phase) into an organic phase (dihexyl ether) impregnated in the pores of a hollow fiber and finally back-extracted into 24 microL of the basic solution (pH 9.1) located inside the lumen of the hollow fiber (receiving phase). The extraction took place due to pH gradient between the inside and outside of the hollow fiber membrane. In order to achieve maximum extraction efficiency, different parameters affecting the extraction conditions were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, preconcentration factor of 95 and detection limit (LOD) of 0.2 microg L(-1) were obtained. The calibration graph was linear within the range of 0.6-5000 microg L(-1). Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was successfully confirmed by extraction and determination of GBP in human urine and plasma samples in the range of microgram per liter and suitable results were obtained (RSDs<6.3%).
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Li H, Lee JR, Nguyen DQA, Kim SB, Seo YG, Chang YK, Hong SK, Moon MH, Chung IY, Kim CJ. Quantitative analysis of valiolamine through pre-column derivatization with phenylisocyanate using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection: Selection of reagent, identification of derivative and optimization of derivatization conditions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:957-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Park S, Ahn ES, Han DW, Lee JH, Min KT, Kim H, Hong YW. Pregabalin and gabapentin inhibit substance P-induced NF-κB activation in neuroblastoma and glioma cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 105:414-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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