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Marzi Khosrowshahi E, Limuie Khosrowshahi B, Farajzadeh MA, Jouyban A, Tuzen M, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Nemati M. Application of microcrystalline cellulose as an efficient and cheap sorbent for the extraction of metoprolol from plasma and wastewater before HPLC-MS/MS determination. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5371. [PMID: 35305038 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A dispersive solid phase extraction method based on a new sorbent has been performed on plasma and wastewater samples to determine metoprolol by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In this study, the analyte was adsorbed from the samples onto microcrystalline cellulose as a green and efficient sorbent and then eluted to use in the determination step. In the mass spectrometer, the analyte was detected in the positive mode and selectivity of the analysis was increased by sequential mass analysis through multiple reaction monitoring. All of the effective parameters in the extraction of metoprolol from plasma and wastewater were optimized. Under optimal conditions the method was linear in the ranges of 1-1000 and 0.1-1000 ng/mL in plasma and wastewater samples, respectively. The detection limit of the method was 0.30 and 0.03 ng/mL in plasma and wastewater samples, respectively. The data showed that the method provides low detection limit, wide linear range, good precision, and high extraction recovery. Finally several plasma and wastewater samples were successfully analyzed using the method. The use of small amount of a green and inexpensive sorbent and low volume of plasma without the need for further pretreatment steps are the main advantages of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Art and Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Tokat, Turkey.,King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Research Institute, Center for Environment and Water, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Li N, He S, Li C, Yang F, Dong Y. Sensitive Analysis of Metoprolol Tartrate and Diltiazem Hydrochloride in Human Serum by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Combining on Column Field-Amplified Sample Injection. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:465-472. [PMID: 33675354 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) combined with field-amplified sample injection (FASI) method was investigated to simultaneously determine diltiazem (DI) hydrochloride and metoprolol (ME) tartrate in human serum. This method was validated by linearity, limits of detection (LOD), stability, precision and accuracy, and the related parameters are linearity (r2 > 0.9980), intra- and inter-day precisions (intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) is 2.3-3.4%, and inter-day RSD is 3.8-7.5%) and the LOD (0.02 ng/mL for ME tartrate and 0.01 ng/mL for DI hydrochloride). So the proposed method is rapid, sensitive and accurate for determination of these two anti-anginal drugs in human serum. As for enrichment conditions, it was helpful to add phosphoric acid and isopropanol into samples for enrichment efficiency. A model was established to illustrate the possible enrichment mechanism of analytes, and a theory of half-width was also applied in CZE combined with FASI method to evaluate the peak performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 # West Donggang Road Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 333# South Binhe Road Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shujuan He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 # West Donggang Road Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chunlan Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Third People's Hospital of Gansu Province, 763# Duanjiatan Road Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Fatang Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 # West Donggang Road Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yuming Dong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 # West Donggang Road Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Horyn M, Logoyda L. Bioanalytical method development and validation for the determination of metoprolol and meldonium in human plasma. PHARMACIA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim.The main purpose of this study was to develop a simple, precise, rapid and accurate method for the quantification of metoprolol and meldonium in human plasma.
Materials and methods. The resolution of peaks of metoprolol was best achieved with Discovery C18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm column and meldonium - ZORBAX HILIC Plus, 50 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm column. Samples of metoprolol were chromatographed in a gradient mode (eluent A (acetonitrile – water – formic acid, 5 : 95 : 0.1 v/v), eluent B (acetonitrile – formic acid, 100 : 0.1 v/v)). The initial content of the eluent B is 0%, which increases linearly by 1.0 min to 100% and to 1.11 min returns to the initial 0%. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 0.400 mL/min into the mass spectrometer ESI chamber. The injection volume was 5μl. Samples of meldonium were chromatographed in a isocratic using mobile phase water – acetonitrile – ammonium formate buffer 200 мМ, 20 : 75 : 5 v/v).
Results.The total chromatographic run time was 2.0 minutes and the elution of metoprolol, meldonium and IS occurred at ~1.39 and 1.18 minutes, respectively.A linear response function was established at 2 - 200 ng/mL for metoprolol and 50 -5000 ng/mL for meldonium in human plasma. The% mean recovery for metoprolol in LQC, MQC and HQC was 99.0%, 107.5% and 96.8%, for meldonium in LQC, MQC and HQC was 94.1%, 100.2% and 93.1% respectively. The lowest concentration with the RSD <20% was taken as LLOQ and was found to be 2.31 ng/mL for metoprolol, 47.70 ng/mL for meldonium. The % accuracy of LLOQ samples prepared with the different biological matrix lots were found 115.4% for metoprolol and 95.5% for meldonium, which were found within the range of 80.00–120.00% for the seven different plasma lots. % CV for LLOQ samples was observed as 12.8% and 7.7% respectively, which are within 20.00% of the acceptance criteria.
Conclusion.A rapid method was developed for simultaneous determination of metoprolol and meldonium in human plasma. The method was strictly validated according to the ICH guidelines. Acquired results demonstrate that proposed strategy can be effortlessly and advantageously applied for routine examination of metoprolol and meldonium in human plasma.
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Horyn MM, Logoyda LS. METHODS OF METOPROLOL ANALYSIS IN DRUGS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS: REVIEW AND SUGGESTIONS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2019.2.10897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Analytical method is increasingly implemented into fundamental pharmaceutical chemistry and analysis, considering their high sensitivity, accuracy, specificity and expressiveness.
Objective. Metoprolol’s analytical method development was the research goal.
Methods. The sources were world recognized journals (1990-2019) and key words used as filter were “metoprolol”, “spectrophotometry” “high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC”, “quantitative analysis”, “validation”.
Results. Chromatographic methods of analysis have the highest specificity and objectivity and allow qualitative and quantitative determination of Active Pharmaceutic Ingredient (API) in combined dosage forms and biological fluids without prior components separation. The main disadvantage of the described API analysis methods is long terms from the beginning of chromatography to API release and specific solvents used as the mobile phase in HPLC. New methods development and selection such chromatographic conditions that provide high speed and high efficiency at lower pressure of the system are essential. Also, the reduction of analysis time is achieved by simplifying the conditions for sample preparation.
Conclusions. Analysts are constantly working on developing new analysis methods and their optimization in order to save time and consumables, which also ensures the efficiency of the developed method. There is no monograph on the substance or dosage forms of metoprolol in SPhU. Therefore, some of the developed methods should be suggested for the SPhU monograph, which is important for ensuring pharmacopoeial quality control of medicines in Ukraine.
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Using magnetic core-shell nanoparticles coated with an ionic liquid dispersion assisted by effervescence powder for the micro-solid-phase extraction of four beta blockers from human plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrom. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:698-705. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Magotra A, Sharma A, Gupta AP, Wazir P, Sharma S, Singh PP, Tikoo MK, Vishwakarma RA, Singh G, Nandi U. Development and validation of a highly sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method for estimation of IIIM-MCD-211, a novel nitrofuranyl methyl piperazine derivative with potential activity against tuberculosis: Application to drug development. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017. [PMID: 28623772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a simple, sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed and validated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for estimation of IIIM-MCD-211 (a potent oral candidate with promising action against tuberculosis) in mice plasma using carbamazepine as internal standard (IS). Bioanalytical method consisted of one step protein precipitation for sample preparation followed by quantitation in LC-MS/MS using positive electrospray ionization technique (ESI) operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Elution was achieved in gradient mode on High Resolution Chromolith RP-18e column with mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water at the flow rate of 0.4mL/min. Precursor to product ion transitions (m/z 344.5/218.4 and m/z 237.3/194.2) were used to measure analyte and IS, respectively. All validation parameters were well within the limit of acceptance criteria. The method was successfully applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of the candidate in mice following oral (10mg/kg) and intravenous (IV; 2.5mg/kg) administration. It was also effectively used to quantitate metabolic stability of the compound in mouse liver microsomes (MLM) and human liver microsomes (HLM) followed by its in-vitro-in-vivo extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Magotra
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Anjna Sharma
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Ajai Prakash Gupta
- Quality Control and Quality Analysis Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, 180 001, India
| | - Priya Wazir
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Tikoo
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Director, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, anal Road, Jammu 180001, J&K, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India.
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180 001, India.
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Ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography designated for bioavailability studies of felodipine combinations in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:200-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Saha A, Vats P, Gurule SJ, Khuroo A. Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Ramipril in Human Plasma: Application to a Bioequivalence Study in Indian Volunteers. J Pharm Innov 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-017-9272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nezhadali A, Mojarrab M. Computational design and multivariate optimization of an electrochemical metoprolol sensor based on molecular imprinting in combination with carbon nanotubes. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 924:86-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Nandi U, Dan S, Pal TK. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of metoprolol and telmisartan in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-015-0180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Wang L. Capillary electrophoresis coupled with microdialysis for continuous monitoring of free metoprolol in rabbit blood. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dubey R, Ghosh M. Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Losartan, Losartan Carboxylic Acid, Ramipril, Ramiprilat, and Hydrochlorothiazide in Rat Plasma by a Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method. Sci Pharm 2014; 83:107-24. [PMID: 26839805 PMCID: PMC4729183 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1410-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of the plasmatic concentrations of cardiovascular drugs is crucial for understanding their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. A simple, sensitive, specific, and high-throughput liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation and pharmacokinetic study of losartan (LOS), losartan carboxylic acid (LCA), ramipril (RAM), ramiprilate (RPT), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) in rat plasma using irbesartan (IBS) and metolazone (MET) as internal standards (ISs). After solid phase extraction (SPE), analytes and ISs were separated on an Agilent Poroshell 120, EC-C18 (50 mm × 4.6 mm, i.d., 2.7 μm) column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol/water (85:15, v/v) containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The precursor → product ion transitions for the analytes and ISs were monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, operating in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and switching the electrospray ionization (ESI) mode during chromatography from positive (to detect LOS, LCA, RAM, RPT, and IBS) to negative (to detect HCZ and MET). The method was validated as per the FDA guidelines and it exhibited sufficient specificity, accuracy, and precision. The method was found to be linear in the range of 3–3000 ng/mL for LOS and LCA, 0.1–200 ng/mL for RAM and RPT, and 1–1500 ng/mL for HCZ. The described method was successfully applied to the preclinical pharmacokinetic study of analytes after oral administration of a mixture of LOS (10 mg/kg), RAM (1 mg/kg), and HCZ (2.5 mg/kg) in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Manik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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Rote AR, Sonavane PR. Bioanalytical method development and validation for determination of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide using HPTLC in human plasma. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502013000400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, rapid and economic chromatographic method has been developed for determination of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma using paracetamol as an internal standard. The analytical technique used for method development was high-performance thin-layer chromatography. HPTLC Camag with precoated silica gel Plate 60F254 (20 cm×10 cm) at 250 µm thicknesses (E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used as the stationary phase. The mobile phase used consisted of chloroform: methanol: ammonia (9:1:0.5v/v/v). Densitometric analysis was carried out at a wavelength of 239 nm. The rf values for hydrochlorothiazide, paracetamol and metoprolol tartarate were 0.13±0.04, 0.28±0.05, 0.48±0.04, respectively. Plasma samples were extracted by protein precipitation with methanol. Concentration ranges of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 ng/mL and 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000 ng/mL of hydrochlorothiazide and metoprolol tartarate, respectively, were used with plasma for the calibration curves. The percent recovery of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide was found to be 77.30 and 77.02 %, respectively. The stability of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma were confirmed during three freeze-thaw cycles (-20 ºC) on a bench for 24 hours and post-preparatively for 48 hours. The proposed method was validated statistically and proved suitable for determination of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma.
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Xu T, Bao S, Geng P, Luo J, Yu L, Pan P, Chen Y, Hu G. Determination of metoprolol and its two metabolites in human plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and its application in pharmacokinetics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 937:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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A critical review of microextraction by packed sorbent as a sample preparation approach in drug bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:1409-42. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is widely accepted as the most labor-intensive and error-prone part of the bioanalytical process. The recent advances in this field have been focused on the miniaturization and integration of sample preparation online with analytical instrumentation, in order to reduce laboratory workload and increase analytical performance. From this perspective, microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) has emerged in the last few years as a powerful sample preparation approach suitable to be easily automated with liquid and gas chromatographic systems applied in a variety of bioanalytical areas (pharmaceutical, clinical, toxicological, environmental and food research). This paper aims to provide an overview and a critical discussion of recent bioanalytical methods reported in literature based on MEPS, with special emphasis on those developed for the quantification of therapeutic drugs and/or metabolites in biological samples. The advantages and some limitations of MEPS, as well as its comparison with other extraction techniques, are also addressed herein.
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Characterization of the Binding of Metoprolol Tartrate and Guaifenesin Drugs to Human Serum Albumin and Human Hemoglobin Proteins by Fluorescence and Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. J Fluoresc 2013; 23:659-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-013-1177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rakić T, Vemić S, Jančić-Stojanović B, Medenica M. Multi-Level Robustness Evaluation Approach: From Robustness Criterion to Adapted Algorithm of Dong. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kollipara S, Bende G, Bansal Y, Saha R. Stability-indicating Reversed-phase Liquid Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Losartan Potassium and Ramipril in Tablets. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:201-10. [PMID: 23440900 PMCID: PMC3574529 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.106061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A stability-indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of losartan potassium and ramipril. Separations were achieved using a C(18) column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and (0.2% v/v, pH 2.5) aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (45:55, v/v) in isocratic mode at 1 ml/min flow rate. Column effluent was monitored at 210 nm using a UV detector. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and robustness. Novel microwave-assisted forced degradation technique was employed for evaluation of selectivity. The method demonstrated excellent linearity for losartan potassium and ramipril with regression coefficients of 0.9999 and 0.9998, respectively. The linearity range was found to be 62.5-5000 ng/ml and 125-10,000 ng/ml with the mean percentage recoveries of 100.36% (±2.27) and 100.16% (±3.33) for losartan potassium and ramipril, respectively. In a robustness study, a full factorial design revealed that the analytical response remains unaffected by small variations in the critical chromatographic factors. The method was found to be sensitive with quantification limits of 44.30 and 79.93 ng/ml for losartan potassium and ramipril. The method was successfully employed for the determination of losartan potassium and ramipril in commercially available and in-house prepared tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kollipara
- Formulation Development and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333 031, India
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Baranowska I, Magiera S, Baranowski J. Clinical applications of fast liquid chromatography: a review on the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:54-79. [PMID: 23462623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges facing the medicine today is developing new therapies that enhance human health. To help address these challenges the utilization of analytical technologies and high-throughput automated platforms has been employed; in order to perform more experiments in a shorter time frame with increased data quality. In the last decade various analytical strategies have been established to enhance separation speed and efficiency in liquid chromatography applications. Liquid chromatography is an increasingly important tool for monitoring drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, liquid chromatography has played an important role in pharmacokinetics and metabolism studies at these drug development stages since its introduction. This paper provides an overview of current trends in fast chromatography for the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites in clinical applications. Current trends in fast liquid chromatographic separations involve monolith technologies, fused-core columns, high-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The high specificity in combination with high sensitivity makes it an attractive complementary method to traditional methodology used for routine applications. The practical aspects of, recent developments in and the present status of fast chromatography for the analysis of biological fluids for therapeutic drug and metabolite monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies and bioequivalence studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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Kallem RR, Ramesh M, Seshagirirao JVLN. Validated LC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of felodipine and metoprolol in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:784-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Reddy Kallem
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Andhra University; Visakhapatnam; -530 003; India
| | - Mullangi Ramesh
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage; Industrial Suburb; Yeshwanthpur; Bangalore; -560 022; India
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Mansour FR, Danielson ND. Separation methods for captopril in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1213-26. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chen Y, Yang W. Pharmacokinetic study of metoprolol in rabbit plasma by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced Fluorescence detection. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934812060202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Magiera S, Baranowska I, Kusa J. Development and validation of UHPLC–ESI-MS/MS method for the determination of selected cardiovascular drugs, polyphenols and their metabolites in human urine. Talanta 2012; 89:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Magiera S, Uhlschmied C, Rainer M, Huck C, Baranowska I, Bonn G. GC–MS method for the simultaneous determination of β-blockers, flavonoids, isoflavones and their metabolites in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Orlandini S, Gotti R, Giannini I, Pasquini B, Furlanetto S. Development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the assay of ramipril and its impurities: an issue of cis-trans isomerization. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2611-7. [PMID: 21429497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of a rapid and selective capillary electrophoresis method for the quantitation of ramipril and its eight main impurities in pharmaceutical dosage form is described. Ramipril and three of its impurities contain a proline-similar moiety which causes in solution the presence of interconverting cis-trans isomers with respect to the amide bond. The interplay between electrophoretic migration and isomerization may yield the presence of an undesired interconversion zone between the two isomer peaks in the electropherogram, depending on the experimental conditions. Different capillary electrophoresis operative modes and pseudostationary phases were evaluated, both in normal and reverse polarity, in order to find the essential analytical parameters which could make it possible to overcome this issue and thus accurately quantify the analytes. The best results were obtained by using microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography in reverse polarity, where all the compounds which undergo cis-trans interconversion migrate as a single narrow peak. Experimental design led to identification of the following optimised conditions: background electrolyte, microemulsion made by 88.95% of 90 mM phosphate pH 2.5, 1.05% of n-heptane and 10.00% of SDS/n-butanol in 1:2 ratio; voltage, -26 kV; temperature, 17°C. Applying these conditions, the baseline separation of the analytes was obtained in about 10 min. Validation of the method following ICH guidelines was carried out and the procedure was applied to a real sample of ramipril tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Baranowska I, Magiera S, Baranowski J. UHPLC method for the simultaneous determination of β-blockers, isoflavones and their metabolites in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:615-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Qiao JQ, Wang YQ, Liu CC, Zhu W, Lian HZ, Ge X. Spectral data analyses and structure elucidation of metoprolol tartrate. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3:387-92. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yilmaz B, Asci A, Arslan S. Determination of metoprolol in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1904-8. [PMID: 20512810 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple, specific and sensitive HPLC method has been developed for the determination of metoprolol in human plasma and urine. Separation of metoprolol and atenolol (internal standard) was achieved on an Ace C(18) column (5 microm, 250 mm x 4.6 mm id) using fluorescence detection with lambda(ex)=276 nm and lambda(em)=296 nm. The mobile phase consists of methanol-water (50:50, v/v) containing 0.1% TFA. The analysis was performed in less than 10 min with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 3-200 and 5-300 ng/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. The LOD were 1.0 and 1.5 ng/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. The LOQ were 3.0 and 5.0 ng/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. The extraction recoveries were found to be 95.6 +/- 1.53 and 96.4 +/- 1.75% for plasma and urine, respectively. Also, the method was successfully applied to three patients with hypertension who had been given an oral tablet of 100 mg metoprolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Selective and sensitive method for the determination of metoprolol in human plasma using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2010; 60:177-84. [PMID: 21134854 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-010-0012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the determination of metoprolol in human plasma. The analyte and internal standard, nevirapine, were extracted from plasma matrix by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C-18 analytical column with an isocratic mobile phase of 15:85 (V/V) 10 mmol L-1 ammonium acetate (pH 5.0)/acetonitrile. The atmospheric pressure chemical ionization technique was used for sample ionization in positive ion mode and enhanced selectivity was achieved by tandem mass spectrometric analysis via two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions, 268.2 → 116.2 for metoprolol and 267.1 → 226.2 for nevirapine, respectively. The assay was validated for human plasma over a concentration range of 1-200 ng mL-1 with the precision and accuracy ranging from 0.9 to 8.8% and 89.9 to 105.8%, respectively.
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Gao F, Zhang M, Cui X, Wang Z, Sun Y, Gu J. Simultaneous quantitation of hydrochlorothiazide and metoprolol in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:149-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Solid-Phase Extraction of Metoprolol onto (Methacrylic acid- ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)-based Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Its Spectrophotometric Determination. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Abstract
β-blockers are a class of antihypertensive drugs that are used for the management of cardiac arrhythmias, cardioprotection after myocardial infarction (heart attack) and hypertension. They have revolutionized the medical management of angina pectoris and are recommended as first-line agents by national and international guidelines. Although β-blockers are still the cornerstone for the treatment of heart failure, some of the drugs in this category are prohibited in several sports requiring vehicle control and bodily movements as they reduce heart rate and tremors, and improve performance. As a result, urine analysis of β-blockers is mandatory in doping control and toxicological screening. The determination of plasma levels of β-blockers helps to ensure noncompliance in patients with persistent hypertonia to confirm the diagnosis of β-blocker poisoning and for therapeutic drug monitoring. This review provides a comprehensive account of various analytical methods developed for detection and quantitation of β-blockers in plasma and urine.
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Tan A, Jin W, Deng F, Hussain S, Musuku A, Massé R. Bioanalytical method development and validation using incurred samples--simultaneous quantitation of ramipril and ramiprilat in human EDTA plasma by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3673-80. [PMID: 19782651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new method development and validation approach is proposed in order to develop a reliable method for the simultaneous quantitation of ramipril and ramiprilat in the presence of numerous labile metabolites. This new approach involves the usage of a synthesized labile acyl glucuronide of ramipril as well as individual and pooled incurred (study) samples in the development and validation process. Following the method validation and prior to its application to a large clinical study, a mini pilot study was performed to evaluate the performance of the method. When the samples from the mini pilot study were analyzed by two different scientists, 100% of the results from incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) matched within 8% of difference and the mean differences were 0.21% and 1.40% for ramipril and ramiprilat, respectively. The validated concentration range reported in this article is 0.2-80 ng/mL for both analytes. Various stabilities, such as bench-top, autosampler, freeze/thaw, and long-term, were also successfully evaluated. The key to the success were low sample processing temperature (4 degrees C), proper choice of sample extraction procedure, and adequate chromatographic conditions to obtain good peak shape without the need of derivatization and baseline separation between the analytes and their glucuronide metabolites.
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Li S, Fu Y, Zu Y, Sun R, Wang Y, Zhang L, Luo H, Gu C, Efferth T. Determination of paclitaxel and other six taxoids in Taxus species by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Yuan B, Wang X, Zhang F, Jia J, Tang F. Simultaneous Determination of Ramipril and Its Active Metabolite Ramiprilat in Human Plasma by LC–MS–MS. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Jensen BP, Sharp CF, Gardiner SJ, Begg EJ. Development and validation of a stereoselective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for quantification of S- and R-metoprolol in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 865:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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